Critical Incident Peer Support for Law Enforcement
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Transcript of Critical Incident Peer Support for Law Enforcement
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Critical Incident Peer Support for Law Enforcement
Module Four: Intervention Strategies
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Learning Objectives
The participant will be able to employ one-on-one intervention techniques following a critical incident.
Participant will be able to:▫ Describe how to work with someone in a crisis. ▫ Describe the guidelines for offering support. ▫ Use effective communication skills with a peer. ▫ Use peer support intervention models with a peer.
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Module Overview
Working with someone in a crisis Effective communication skills Peer support intervention model
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Module Four Introduction Video
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Working with Someone in a Crisis
A peer support member should be able to: ▫ Understand the peer’s present situation▫ Understand the importance to the peer▫ Determine the precipitating event▫ Examine what coping mechanisms the peer has used▫ Explore alternatives▫ Identify/understand other issues that may compound
the peer’s response to the crisis
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Guidelines for Offering Support
To best support your peers: ▫ Learn about critical incident stress.▫ Be available.▫ Understand and accept the response you get from the
person.▫ Listen to what is being said.▫ Be a resource.
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Peer Supporter Communication Skills
Nonverbal Listening Empathy Feelings Paraphrasing
Clarifying Questioning Summarizing Self-Disclosure
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Practical Exercise—Communication Skills
Assessing your communication skills▫ Analyze and rate your communication skills to help
identify areas for improvement.
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Barriers to Effective Communication
Overly dominating Bombarding with questions Inappropriate self-disclosure False reassurance Discouraging the expression of emotions Emotional distancing
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Things to Say/Things Not to Say
Things to Say What happened? I’m so sorry. This must be very difficult
for you. It’s okay to feel.... I don’t know what to say. It’s okay to cry. What do you need help
with? It’s okay to ask for help.
Things Not to Say I know how you feel. Calm down. Don’t cry. It could be worse. God has His reasons. You’re better off now. At least you have….
When working with a peer:
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Practical Exercise—Communication Skills
Communication skills ▫ Choose a partner.▫ Ask a question from the list in your Student Guide.▫ Practice asking open-ended questions.▫ Switch places and repeat the exercise.
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Intervention Point
Time Period What Is Happening? Who Is Best to Intervene?
At the Scene Conflict control, stabilization, and support
Fellow officers, immediate supervisors, unit commanders, the media, civilians
Investigation Mandated regulations and procedures
Immediate supervisor, unit commander
1st 24 Hours Moves from impact phase to recoil phase
Peer supporter, immediate supervisor, mental health professional
Week One Moves from recoil phase to post-traumatic period
Immediate supervisor, peer supporter, mental health professional, unit commander
Weeks 2-4 Returns to duty and becomes involved in familiar routines
Fellow officers, immediate supervisor, peer supporter, mental health professional
Months 1-6 Problems continue? Professional help is indicated. Peer supporter and supervisors may be supportive and encourage further help.
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Peer Supporter Tasks
Getting the facts Establishing role identities Creating a sanctuary Establishing the alliance Listening effectively Reassuring Supporting Being available Following up
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Peer Supporter Intervention Models
SAFE-R Model▫ Stabilize▫ Acknowledge the
crisis▫ Facilitate
understanding▫ Encourage effective
coping techniques▫ Restore independent
functioning
ABC Model▫ All the way through▫ Back through▫ Confront
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SAFE-R Model
Stabilize the situation:▫ Reduce the stimuli.▫ Protect from additional stress.▫ Assess rapidly.
Acknowledge the crisis:▫ Acknowledge there is a crisis.▫ Ensure that help is available.
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SAFE-R Model
Facilitate understanding and normalize symptoms/reactions:▫ Discuss symptoms.▫ Solve problem.▫ Plan.
Encourage effective coping techniques:▫ Accept and use resources.▫ Use coping skills.
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SAFE-R Model
Recover or Refer:▫ Restore independent functioning.▫ Provide after care.▫ Perform simple tasks.▫ Aim for recovery.
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ABC Model
Step A: All the way through without interruption Step B: Back through with thoughts/reactions
and feelings Step C: Confront (points of discrepancy, coping
issues, excessive self-criticism, etc.); Calm and Continuity (what previous experiences are similar?)
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Practical Exercise: Non-Specific Role Play
Practice scenarios▫ Divide into groups of three or four.▫ Read through the scenarios.▫ Two will role-play while the rest will observe, assess,
and, at the end of the exercise, provide feedback on the performance of the peer supporters.
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Car Accident Scenario
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Practical Exercise: Car Accident
Divide into groups of five or six. Assign the following roles to the members of
your group: ▫ Responding Officer ▫ Paramedic▫ Peer Supporter(s) ▫ Peer Evaluator
Instructors will be assessing the groups.
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Domestic Shooting Scenario
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Practical Exercise: Domestic Shooting
Divide into groups of five or six. Assign the following roles to the members of
your group: ▫ Law Enforcement Officer #1▫ Law Enforcement Officer #2▫ Peer Supporter(s) ▫ Peer Evaluator
Instructors will be assessing the groups.
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Review—Check on Learning
What qualities should be looked for during the peer support member selection process?
What are some techniques used when working with someone in a crisis?
How does a peer supporter offer support? What are two effective communication skills that
can be used with a peer? How do the SAFE-R and ABC intervention
models help during an incident?
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Course Review
Module One distinguished between stress and critical incident stress.
Module Two identified the main principles of critical incident peer support.
Module Three explained the responsibilities of a critical incident peer supporter.
Module Four employed one-on-one intervention techniques following a critical incident.