CRITICAL CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING MEMBRANES FOR WATER...

CRITICAL CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING MEMBRANES FOR WATER SOFTENINGOhio AWWA 2016 Annual ConferencePeter Kube, PE

September 15, 2016

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OutlineSoftening Water

Discuss 4 Factors when Evaluating Membranes for Softening

Examine 3 Recent Case Studies Regarding These Factors

Ohio Section AWWA Conference | September 15, 2016

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Soft Water

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Typical Softening Technologies

Lime Membranes (NF/RO)

Membranes (Electrodialysis Reversal) Ion Exchange


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Membrane pore sizes


1 lb = 2.73 x10^26 Daltons

AWWA/ASCE, (1998) Water Treatment Plant Design, 3rd ed,

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MEM

BRAN

ES

FILT

ERS

BackwashConcentrate

Finished Water

Blend

Raw Water Permeate

Considerations• Peak vs.

Average Flows

• Limits on Filters

• Productivity of Wells

• Remaining Useful Life of Wells

• Growth of Demand

Factor 1: Available Raw Water

Solutions• New Wells• New Filters• Change of

Hardness?Ohio Section AWWA Conference | September 15, 2016

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BackwashFe & Mn Removal

MEM

BRAN

ESConcentrate

FILT

ERS Finished

WaterRaw Water Permeate

Factor 2: Pre-Treatment (Groundwater)Cl2, KMnO4, etc.

•pH adjust (Acid)•NaHSO3(eliminates Cl2)

•Anti-Scalant

CartridgeFilters“Typical

Membrane Prep.“

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Factor 3: Operational Support


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Ocean

Deep Well Injection

Sewer

River

Factor 4: Concentrate Disposal:


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Outfall

StreamFlow

Factor 4: Concentrate Disposal:At River

CharacteristicMax TDS ConcentrationEffluent Flow at Design ADF

Characteristic ValueRiver’s 1Q10 Flow 43 cfs

(Great Miami River)

River’s 7Q10 Flow 50 cfs (Great Miami River)

Upstream TDS TBD mg/L*

Downstream TDS WQC 1,500 mg/L

Discharge

Waste Load Allocation(Ohio Administrative Code 3745-2-05.)

Characteristic ValueAcute Aquatic Life Criteria

4500 mg/L

Chronic Aquatic Life Criteria

TBD mg/L (based on calculation)

Regulated TDS Limits

* Values to be supplied by Ohio EPAOhio Section AWWA Conference | September 15, 2016

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Viability of Membrane SofteningFairborn, Ohio- Case Study 1 of 3


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Viability of Membrane SofteningFairborn, Ohio- Case Study 1 of 3Sandhill Road Water Treatment Plant

Capacity: 8.4 MGD 9.1 MGD in 2050

Source: Great Miami River Buried Valley Aquifer

Treatment: Chemical Oxidation -Filtration- Disinfection-Fluoride Addition

10.6 MGD Raw Water AvailableRaw water Main requires expansion (2016)

Add 2 Filters to achieve 2050 flowsTypical Pre-treatment

Source Water Pre-Treatment Operational Support

To Nearby Sewer(Fairborn is the Sewer Utility)

Concentrate Discharge

No additional hiring predicted

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Viability of Membrane SofteningWarren County, Ohio- Case Study 2 of 3


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Viability of Membrane SofteningWarren County, Ohio- Case Study 2 of 3Richard A. Renneker Water Treatment Plant

Capacity: 9 MGD

Source: Little Miami River Buried Valley AquiferTreatment: Aeration - Chemical Oxidation

Filtration - Disinfection - UV Treatment –Fluoride Addition

15 to 17 MGD Sufficient FiltrationTypical Membrane Prep.

Source Water Pre-Treatment


Operational Support

Pursuing Little Miami River Discharge


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Viability of Membrane SofteningMiamisburg, Ohio- Case Study 3 of 3Miamisburg Water Treatment FacilityCapacity: Existing 5.76 MGD6.71 MGD ult.Source: Great Miami River

Buried Valley AquiferTreatment: Chemical Oxidation –

Filtration- Disinfection-Fluoride Addition

5.9 MGD Raw Water AvailableWill require additional well to reach ultimate flows

Source Water Pre-Treatment Operational Support

Discharging to Gr. Miami RiverTraded TDS with WWTP



Sufficient Filtration

Typical Membrane Prep.

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MEM

BRAN

ES

FILT

ERS

BackwashConcentrate

Finished Water

Blend

Raw Water Permeate

People who Prefer Concentrate?

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CRITICAL CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING MEMBRANES FOR WATER...

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