Cristy's Report

44
GLOBAL LAND AND WATER FORMS

description

Land forms and water forms.

Transcript of Cristy's Report

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GLOBAL LAND AND WATER FORMS

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LAND FORMSLandforms are natural features of the

landscape, natural physical features of the earth's surface, for example, valleys, plateaus, mountains, plains, hills, loess,

or glaciers.

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Valleys

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ValleysA valley is a hollow or surface

depression of the earth bounded by hills or mountains, a natural trough in the earth's surface, that slopes down

to a stream, lake or the ocean, formed by water and/or ice erosion.

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Plateaus

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PlateausA plateau is a large highland area of

fairly level land separated from surrounding land by steep slopes.

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PlateausSome plateaus, like the plateau of Tibet, lie

between mountain ranges. Others are higher than surrounding land. Plateaus are

widespread, and together with enclosed basins they cover about 45 percent of the

Earth's land surface. Some plateaus, such as the Deccan of India and the plateau Columbia Plateau of the United States, are basaltic and were formed as the result of many lava flows

covering hundreds of thousands of square kilometers that built up the land surface.

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Mountains

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MountainsOver long periods of time, mountains are created by tremendous forces in

the earth with a steep top usually shaped up to a peak or ridge.

Mountains occur more often in oceans than on land; some mountainsislands are the peaks of mountains coming out

of the water.

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MountainsMountains are formed by volcanism, erosion, and disturbances or uplift in

the earth's crust. Most geologists believe that the majority of mountains are formed by geological forces heat

and pressure producing changes under the earth's crust and movements in

the earth's crust. They call this movement plate tectonics.

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Plains

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PlainsPlains are broad, nearly level

stretches of land that have no great changes in elevation. Plains are

generally lower than the land around them; they may be found along a

coast or inland.

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PlainsCoastal plains generally rise from sea

level until they meet higher landforms such as mountains or

plateaus. Inland plains may be found at high altitudes.

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Hills

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HillsHills are elevations of the earth's

surface that have distinct summits, but are lower in elevation than

mountains. Hills may be formed by a buildup of rock debris or sand deposited by glaciers and wind.

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HillsHills may be created by faults. Faults are a slight crack in the earth which

can cause earthquakes. Hills are formed when these faults go slightly

upward.

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Loess

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LoessLoess is a geologically recent deposit of

silt or material which is usually yellowish or brown in color and

consisting of tiny mineral particles brought by wind to the places where

they now lie.

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LoessIt is a product of past glacial activity in an area. It is a sedimentary deposit of mineral particles which are finer than sand but coarser than dust or clay,

deposited by the wind. Loess is a type of silt which forms fertile topsoil in

some parts of the world. Loess deposits are usually a few meters thick.

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Glaciers

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GlaciersIce sheets and glaciers glacier form the largest component of

perennial ice on this planet. Over 75% of the world's fresh water is

presently locked up in these frozen reservoirs.

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GlaciersA glacier is a huge mass of ice

that glacier flows slowly over land. They form in the cold polar

regions and in high mountains. The low temperatures in these places enable large amounts of

snow to build up and turn into ice.

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GlaciersMost glaciers range in thickness from about 91 to 3,000 meters. Glaciers are formed when more

snow falls during the winter than melts and evaporates in summer. The extra snow gradually builds

up in layers.

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WATER FORMSWater forms are bodies of water that can be seen as one of the features of the earth’s surface.

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OceanAn Ocean is the biggest body of

water. Big ships travel on oceans between continents. Some parts of the ocean are very deep. The

ocean contains salt water.

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Sea

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SeaA Sea is a salt water form which is

smaller than an ocean.

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Bay

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BayA Bay is a body of water which is almost completely surrounded by land, except for the water passage connecting it to the sea. The bay is

the best place in which to build piers. In the bay, ships may dock

safely and load and unload passengers and cargoes.

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Lake

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LakeA Lake is a body of water surrounded by land. It contains fresh water. A

lake is good for fishing, boating, and swimming. The largest lake in the Philippines can be found in Laguna.

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River

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RiverA River is a current of water that flows

downward until it reaches the sea. Rivers start as underground springs

that form brooks and streams. Some rivers flow rapidly; others flow slowly.

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Spring

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SpringA Spring is a natural source of water that comes from underground. When it rains in the mountains, water seeps in the ground and comes out at the side of the mountain as a spring.

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Waterfall

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WaterfallA Waterfall is a body of water that

drops from a high place. Waterfalls are found on hill and mountainsides. Maria Cristina Falls in Mindanao is a

source of hydroelectric power.

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Pond

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PondA Pond is still a body of water which is smaller than a lake.

Some ponds dry up during summer. Ponds are used as

drinking places of carabaos and goats. Some are made by human hands to beautify parks or plazas.

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Geyser

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GeyserA Geyser is a hot spring with

boiling water that often shoots water into the air like a fountain.

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Swamp

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SwampA Swamp is a place where the land is muddy and wet. Many

plants such as trees and shrubs grow in swamps.