Crises of the 14th Century

Three Crises

Crisis #1

Moving on to crisis 2…

Three Practices that Weakened the Church

• Many village priests ____________.

• Bishops sold ___________. This called simony.

• Kings were appointing ___________.

married

positions

bishops

The Great Schism – Crisis #2

1. French pope elected and capital moved from Italy to France (weakened the church)

2. French pope dies; people want an Italian pope

3. Italian pope is chosen; people later regret decision

4. Second (French) is elected now there are two popes (Great Schism)

5. Resolution: a third pope 6. Real resolution: council forces all three

popes to resign and picked a new pope greatly weakened papacy

The Hundred Years’ War – Crisis #3

But before we get into the details…we have to examine the players:

England & France…

England France

William the Conqueror invades England in 1066. (non-Anglo ruler; French is added to the English language.)

Henry II (1154-1189) introduces the use of jury in English courts.

John (1199-1216) agrees to the Magna Carta in 1215.• Magna Carta is the first document

to limit the king’s power (very important to remember!!!) and contains basic legal rights

Edward I (1272-1307) calls the Model Parliament in 1295.

Hugh Capet increases the territory of France.

Phillip II (1180-1223) established bailiffs to preside over courts and collect taxes

Louis IX (1226-1270) creates a French appeals court.

Philip IV (1285-1314) adds Third Estate (commoners) to Estates General

Leading to the war…

• The last Capetian king left no heir.• England’s Edward III, grandson of Philip IV, claimed

the right to the French throne and starts the war.• Lasted from 1337-1453 (116 years)• Effects:– Feelings of nationalism in both countries (fighting for

king/country)– French monarch gains power– England – war of the Roses