Criminal InvestigationsCriminal Investigations

Week 4 SeminarWeek 4 Seminar

CJ 210 Criminal InvestigationsCJ 210 Criminal Investigations

Instructor: Andy McIntoshInstructor: Andy McIntosh

QuestionsQuestions

Any questions in reference to Unit 3?Any questions in reference to Unit 3?

Any questions in reference to Unit 4?Any questions in reference to Unit 4?

Any questions in reference to any of the Any questions in reference to any of the current assignments?current assignments?

By the end of this week everyone should By the end of this week everyone should have turned in all written assignments up have turned in all written assignments up to date with the exception of the interview to date with the exception of the interview assignment.assignment.

Interview Assignment.Interview Assignment.

Who do I interview?Who do I interview?– A criminal justice investigator: Police A criminal justice investigator: Police

Detective or other professional in the field.Detective or other professional in the field.

What types of questions do I ask.What types of questions do I ask.– Look at the assignment in Unit 5 and Unit 2.Look at the assignment in Unit 5 and Unit 2.

The total assignment is only 1 to 2 pages. The total assignment is only 1 to 2 pages. If you need more then do more.If you need more then do more.Don’t think you have to stop at the end of Don’t think you have to stop at the end of page 2. Remember APA format.page 2. Remember APA format.

Rogues GalleryRogues Gallery

A data base, computerized or not.A data base, computerized or not.Containing information on offenders.Containing information on offenders.– Physical description of offendersPhysical description of offenders

Information includes items such as Information includes items such as – Offender’s photographs (mug shot).Offender’s photographs (mug shot).– Physical description of known offenders.Physical description of known offenders.– Rap Sheet of Offender’s known arrests or Rap Sheet of Offender’s known arrests or

criminal historycriminal history– Possible gang affiliation or known associates.Possible gang affiliation or known associates.

Rogues GalleryRogues Gallery

Recent situation,Recent situation,California, wild fire investigations.California, wild fire investigations.The state of California is seeking to create a database The state of California is seeking to create a database for known arsonists.for known arsonists.Recently in an investigation into a wild fire it was Recently in an investigation into a wild fire it was discovered as arson.discovered as arson.Investigation revealed the fire was started by a unique Investigation revealed the fire was started by a unique home made pyrotechnic device.home made pyrotechnic device.It was later determined that the offender had been It was later determined that the offender had been convicted in the past of arson using a similar device.convicted in the past of arson using a similar device.Rogues gallery could have assisted in the investigation.Rogues gallery could have assisted in the investigation.

Police Line Ups

Police Line ups

Police Line Ups

The process of assembling a group of people for a potential identification process of a suspect by a victim or witness.

A group of people in a row.

Generally between 3 to 6. More often 6.

Must be similar in physical features

Sex, Race, Height, Weight, Facial, physical features, Clothing and such.

Photo Array.

Generally just pictures of people.

Generally head shots / face pictures.

Same rules apply as line ups.

No stacking the deck in your favor.

No need of a suspect present.

No need for an attorney

Must do it correctly.

Photo Array

Why use Photo Arrays and Lineups.

Are they the best way to ID suspects?

Are there better ways?

What types of problems can arise?

Are they always reliable?

Are witnesses / victims always right?

Break

Take a few minutes

Get a drink

Go to the bathroom

Check on the kids

Check the score of the game

Get back here in ______ minutes.

Be ready to get going again.

Surveillance TechniquesSurveillance Techniques

What is surveillance?What is surveillance?– the observation of a person, place, or thing,

generally, but not necessarily, in an unobtrusive manner.

Subject: the party under surveillance.

Surveillant: the person conducting the surveillance.

Surveillance

Stakeout: also called a plant or fixed surveillance; here, the surveillant remains essentially in one position or locale. (The term is derived from the practice of tethering animals to a stake, allowing them a short radius in which to move.)

Undercover: an undercover agent who often gets to know or work alongside the subject. The term roping describes this situation, and the undercover agent is said to be planted.

Surveillance

Shadow: to follow secretly; to place a person under surveillance.Be made: to be detected or suspected of being a surveillant by the subject.Burn the surveillance: when a surveillant’s behavior causes the subject to surmise or know he or she is under surveillance.Moving surveillance: the surveillant moves about in order to follow the subject.

Surveillance

Bugging: eavesdropping by electronic means, such as a hidden microphone or radio transmitter; bug: a device used for such eavesdropping.Pen register: a device that records all numbers dialed on a telephone; it is generally installed at the telephone company’s central office.Beeper: a battery-operated device that emits radio signals that permit it to be tracked (as it moves about) by a directional finder-receiver. Alsocalled beacon, transponder, and electronic tracking device.

Kinds of Surveillance

Fixed

Moving

Technical– Wiretaps– Bugs– Pen Registers– Beepers

Surveillance Issues

What type to use?– Fixed or Moving?

What type will work best?

Will you use more than one?

What type of case?

What type of evidence are you trying to gather

What can go wrong? Problems?

Surveillance issues Case example.

Narcotics Case 1998

Once thing went wrong after another.

During the investigation

During the takedown

After the case

When all else fails you need to improvise.

Surveillance issues Case example.

Multiple Surveillance Techniques employed at one time.

Assorted Surveillance cases. One after another.

Planning and manpower.

Equipment needs.

Switching gears.