Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) Report · 2017-11-14 · Crime Prevention...

Crime Prevention through Environmental

Design (CPTED) Report

Demolition of all existing structures on the site and construction of 6 x four-storey residential flat buildings, containing a total of 369 apartments, three basement car parks each containing two levels, stormwater works, landscaping, and subdivision of the existing allotment into 3 lots, each containing 2 residential flat buildings

84 Tallawong Road, Rouse Hill NSW 2155 Lot 63 DP 30186 Project No: C490 Date: September 2017

Creative Planning Solutions Pty Limited | PO Box 1074 Broadway NSW 2007

+61 2 8039 7461| [email protected] | www.cpsplanning.com.au

Creative Planning Solutions Pty Limited – ABN: 70 135 093 926

84 Tallawong Road, ROUSE HILL SEPTEMBER 2017

Creative Planning Solutions Pty Limited |CPTED Report 2

© Copyright CREATIVE PLANNING SOLUTIONS PTY LIMITED 2017

This document is copyrighted; reproduction of this document or any part thereof is not permitted without prior

written permission of Creative Planning Solutions Pty Limited.

Disclaimer:

In preparing this document, Creative Planning Solutions has relied upon information and documents provided

by the Client or prepared by other Consultants within their various areas of expertise.

Creative Planning Solutions is unable and does not accept responsibility for any errors or omissions in any of the

material provided by other parties.

Document Control

If this document has not been signed for review and approval then

it is deemed a preliminary draft.

Prepared by:

Brendon Clendenning

Reviewed by:

Daniel Govers

Authorised by:

Daniel Govers



1.0 Introduction

This Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) Report has been prepared to accompany a Development Application (DA) for a mixed use development at 84 Tallawong Road, Rouse Hill NSW 2155. The development application (DA) proposes demolition of all existing structures on the site and construction of 6 x four-storey residential flat buildings, containing a total of 369 apartments, three basement car parks each containing two levels, stormwater works, landscaping, and subdivision of the existing allotment into 3 lots, each containing 2 residential flat buildings.

CPTED is a set of design principles aimed at the creation of spaces that are unfavourable for criminal

conduct or anti-social behaviour. CPTED places emphasis on spaces that enable their ongoing use by

legitimate users, and the minimisation of opportunities for offenders to perpetrate crime.

The assessment is based on a review of the Architectural Plans prepared by Archidrome and the

Landscape Plans prepared by Site Image Landscape Architects.

The report has been overseen by Daniel Govers (Director) who is qualified with Honours from the

Bachelor of Planning degree at University of New South Wales (UNSW), has earned Certified Practicing

Planner (CPP) status from the Planning Institute of Australia and has successfully completed the Safer

by Design course held by the New South Wales Police Service. Refer to Appendix 2 for a copy of the

Certificate.

1.1 Disclaimer

This report provides recommendations for the application of general CPTED principles to specific

aspects of the subject development. Strategies implemented in accordance with CPTED principles are

designed to minimise the risk of criminal behaviour and to improve the perception of safety for

occupants. CPTED strategies should be implemented on an ongoing basis, and monitored continually

to ensure they remain effective over time. Criminal activity can occur in all manner of places, and the

perception of safety does not guarantee the absence of crime. CPTED principles should form part of a

wider strategy to address crime and anti-social behaviour, and should not be solely relied upon as a

means of ensuring the safety of occupants of a building or place.



2.0 Crime Risk Assessment

2.1 Site Analysis

The subject site is legally described as Lot 63 DP 30186 and addressed as 84 Tallawong Road, Rouse Hill. The site is located on the northeastern side of Tallawong Road near the junction with Macquarie Road. The site is generally oriented northeast-southwest with the southwest being the Tallawong Road frontage. The subject site is regular in shape with an area of 20,236.3m2 (survey), is 82.105m wide and has a length of 246.47m. The site has a gentle and consistent fall from the rear south-eastern corner to the front north-western corner to Tallawong Road of approximately 12.5m. Refer to Figure 1.

The site currently contains a single storey brick and tile residence which sits at the south-western corner of the allotment, with various large rural outbuildings situated to the rear of the dwelling. Along the northern boundary of the site, towards the north-western corner is situated a large dam, which is to be decommissioned. Vehicular access to the site is currently provided to the dwelling and rear metal shed from a driveway off Tallawong Road. The majority of the site is devoid of significant vegetation, with the majority of the large vegetation found in the vicinity of the site boundaries, either on the site or on adjoining sites. A small strip of trees is provided in the centre of the site, towards the site frontage, and there is no remnant bushland, natural watercourses and/or threatened species known to be located within the site. There are various farm fences located throughout the site.

Figure 1 – Cadastre of the subject site and surrounds Source: sixmaps.nsw.gov.au

http://nearmap.com/



Figure 2 – Close aerial image of the subject site

Source: sixmaps.nsw.gov.au

2.1 Locality description The subject site is located within the suburb of Rouse Hill which is located 46km northwest of the Sydney CBD (Figure 7). The site is located 600m to the north-east of the Cudgegong Road Railway Station. The Cudgegong Road train station is on the Sydney Metro Northwest line, currently under construction to provide direct train services to the Sydney CBD, Chatswood and the Norwest Business Park. Windsor Road is 1.7km to the east which provides main road access to the Sydney CBD via the M2 motorway. Rouse Hill is within the local government area of Blacktown City Council. Development in the vicinity of the site is generally characterised by single dwellings on similarly sized rural allotments, with a mixture of rural outbuildings and varying levels of vegetation concentration. The area is within the Riverstone East precinct, and redevelopment of the precinct is within its preliminary stages. Cudgegong Road Station is surrounded by B2 and B4 zoned land, with the subject site falling within the R3 zoned land which surrounds the business zones. Adjoining to the north-western side of the site is No. 100 Tallawong Road (Figures 3 and 4). This property contains two double storey dwellings of brick construction with associated outbuildings. Adjoining to the south-eastern side of the site is No. 74 Tallawong Road (Figure 5). This property contains two single storey dwellings, one of brick construction and one constructed of lightweight cladding, with associated outbuildings also located on the site.

Adjoining to the northeast of the site are the rear boundaries of No. 97A Cudgegong Road and No. 105 Cudgegong Road. These properties also contain rural-residential uses.

A full range of services and facilities are located in the Rouse Hill Town Centre which is a short 3km drive from the subject site. The centre contains a wide range of businesses and community facilities including supermarkets, cafes, restaurants, clothing stores, bank branches, a post office, churches, hotels, and medical centres.

http://nearmap.com/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in_Australia



Nearby public open space includes the Rouse Hill Regional Park and surrounding parklands located approximately 1km to the northwest of the site.

Figure 3 - Adjoining dwelling at 100 Tallawong Road

Source: googlemaps.com.au

Figure 4 Adjoining dwellings at 100 Tallawong Road front Macquarie Road


Figure 5 - Adjoining dwellings at 74 Tallawong Road


2.2 Crime Opportunity

The proposed development is located in the suburb of Rouse Hill, which includes areas of urban and

suburban development, as well as commercial centres. However, the part of Rouse Hill surrounding

the subject site is currently characterised by large dwellings on relatively large rural allotments. Given



the locality is primarily characterised by natural features, typical indicators of anti-social behaviour –

graffiti, vandalism, etc – are difficult to observe. However, there is an irregular presence of litter and

dumped items within the wider vicinity, and some minor damage to fencing and trees that can be

associated with the encouragement of crime. However, the area is not particularly unusual in this

regard.

2.3 Site Risk Assessment

Positive attributes of the site and locality include:

• The location of the site along Tallawong Road, and amongst three roads that are proposed on

the remaining boundaries, is likely to have a high level of pedestrian and vehicular traffic in

the future as a consequence of the future opening of the Cudgegong Road railway station;

• Tallawong Road is a long linear street, with view lines extending to a large portion of the

street, and the projected street layout of the locality is largely without cul-de-sacs or curved

streets, ensuring that generous view lines will be retained.

• There are minimal street trees surrounding the subject site.

• There are minimal opportunities for loitering within the public domain, and a lack of

opportunities for potential offenders to lie-in-wait.

• In the medium term the site will sit a short distance away from a local commercial area, which

will increase the amount of activity and surveillance within the locality.

Negative attributes of the site and locality include:

• In the short to medium term, the site is likely to be characterised by a mixture of construction

sites, and rural properties, amongst newly inhabited residential developments. Construction

sites are generally unoccupied in the evening, and are often fenced and concealed from view.

Newly inhabited buildings are often initially at low occupancy, particular for non-residential

components.

• Existing street lighting is currently well spaced apart, and lighting from existing dwellings is

minimal.

• The location of the future railway station and commercial area will provide opportunities for

casual passers-by to monitor the site to identify potential opportunities for crime.

• The future commercial areas may also provide for the service of alcohol and may increase the

presence of intoxicated passers-by, particularly late in the evening when pedestrian traffic

may be low.

• The location of the future park opposite the site, may result in there being minimal evening

surveillance opposite the subject site.

2.4 Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) describes the use of environmental design to deter criminal and anti-social behaviour. CPTED strategies are founded on the notion of being able to influence the decision making of potential offenders, by increasing the perception and likelihood



that crime may be witnessed, challenged or detected, and that criminals may be identified, or fail to escape crime scenes effectively. CPTED uses design and place management principles to influence the cost-benefit appraisal of crime opportunities associated with given locations, such that potential perpetrators may rationalise that the benefit of offending is outweighed by the cost (real or perceived). CPTED also seeks to influence the behaviour of legitimate users of a space, such that their frequent use of the space discourages its use by potential offenders, and prevents legitimate users from becoming victims of crime. The NSW Police stipulate that CPTED seeks to create environmental and social conditions that:

• Maximise risk to offenders (increasing the likelihood of detection, challenge and apprehension);

• Maximise the effort required to commit crime (increasing the time, energy and resources required to commit crime);

• Minimise the actual and perceived benefits of crime (removing, minimising or concealing crime attractors and rewards); and

• Minimise excuse making opportunities (removing conditions that encourage/facilitate rationalisation of inappropriate behaviour).

The four core principles of CPTED are surveillance, access control, territorial re-enforcement, and space management and each principle is described below within Table 1.

Table 1 CPTED Principles

Principle Design Approach

Access Control Access control uses physical and symbolic barriers to restrict, encourage and

channel pedestrian and vehicle movements. Access control minimises the

opportunities to commit a crime, and requires that greater effort be made on

the part of a potential offender. It enables the casual observer to quickly

identify when a person has infringed upon the appropriate physical boundaries,

increasing the difficult in obtaining access to victims or their property.

Conversely, unclear or illegible boundary markers increase the potential for

excuse-making opportunities. Effective access control can be achieved to

ensure that spaces are designed to facilitate communal gathering, which

attracts large numbers of people, or to restrict access to areas where the risk of

crime is high (such as within areas provided with poor natural surveillance).

Importantly, access control should not promote a confronting or hostile

environment, which could reduce the likelihood of social interaction.

Surveillance The attractiveness of crime targets can be reduced by providing opportunities

for effective surveillance. Natural surveillance occurs by designing the

placement of physical features, activities and people in such a way as to

maximise visibility and foster positive social interaction. Technical surveillance

is achieved through mechanical/electrical measures such as CCTV, mirrored

building panels and lighting. Where relatively high levels of surveillance are

provided, potential offenders feel increased scrutiny, perceive few escape

routes, and can be deterred from committing crimes that might otherwise be

committed in areas where surveillance is low. Key attributes of areas with high

passive surveillance include sightlines between private and public/communal



Table 1 CPTED Principles

areas, lighting within public/communal areas, attractive landscaping and

finishing, and an absence of opportunities for concealment or entrapment.

Territorial

Reinforcement

Places that are well designed and maintained are more likely to be well

frequented and encourage a sense of community ownership and pride. Design

features can be used to encourage notions of community ownership and

increase the likelihood that people will use a space on an ongoing basis. Ideally,

the principles of territorial reinforcement will also confer upon residents a duty

to seek to prevent crime, or to report a crime when it is witnessed or

discovered. Principles of territorial reinforcement include design that

encourages people to gather in public spaces and harness a sense of

responsibility and pride for its state, provision of clear and conspicuous

transitions and boundaries between public and private space, and design cues

which indicate the purpose of a space. Territorial reinforcement should not

promote the privatisation of public spaces, through inappropriate or excessive

use of gates or enclosures.

Space

Management

Space management is closely linked to the principles of territorial

reinforcement. Space management strategies are an important means of

generating activity and natural community control. Popular public space is

often attractive, well maintained and well used space. In contrast, areas that

are visibly neglected or appear to be abandoned, attract crime and anti-social

behaviour, such as vandalism and graffiti. Effective space management can be

achieved through activity coordination, site cleanliness, rapid repair of

vandalism and graffiti, the replacement of damaged lighting, and the removal

or refurbishment of decayed physical elements.



3.0 Proposed Development

3.1 Summary of the Proposed Development

The overall development is for the demolition of all existing structures on the site and construction of 6 x four-storey residential flat buildings, containing a total of 369 apartments, 8 commercial premises, three basement car parks each containing two levels, stormwater works, landscaping, and subdivision of the existing allotment into 3 lots, each containing 2 residential flat buildings, at 84 Tallawong Road, Rouse Hill.

3.2 Built form, Architectural Style, Materials and Finishes

The development consists of six residential flat buildings, with two provided to each of the proposed three new allotments. Each allotment contains one building situated on the northern side of the site, and one on the southern side of the side, with all apartment buildings oriented approximately east west, and with each building façade parallel to the site’s boundaries. Within each site, the buildings are separated by a central communal open space area which continues through the entire development from Tallawong Road through to the rear of the site. Each apartment building is four storeys in height, with a total 369 apartments. The subject site will be surrounded by roads, with three new roads proposed on three of the four boundaries, with Tallawong Road provided to the other. As required, half of the total road width will be constructed and dedicated to Council prior to occupation of the development. Each apartment building is provided with a separate rooftop communal open space which receives unfettered solar access at all times of the year. Each building contains two lift cores with approximately eight apartments accessed of each core. Four separate commercial tenancies are proposed to each of the two buildings within Lot 1, with all commercial tenancies to front Tallawong Road.

Figure 6 – Photomontage

Source: Archidrome, 2017



Figure 7 – Roof & Site Plan

Source: Archidrome, 2017

3.3 Subdivision

The proposal seeks subdivision of the existing allotment into three new lots, with each lot containing a northern and southern apartment building. Subdivision will also require land dedication for half of the width of each of the three new roads surrounding the site. Refer to the image below.

Figure 8 - Plan showing proposed lot size for each of the new lots.

Source: Archidrome

3.4 Vehicular Access, Pedestrian Access and Parking

Two levels of basement parking are proposed underneath each site, with the basements also sitting partially underneath each ground floor communal open space area. The western lot, Lot 1, is provided with access directly from the centre of Tallawong Road, with the driveway to the basement sitting at the western side of the communal open space. Lot 2 and Lot 3 are provided with basement vehicular access from the new street to the north, with each basement driveway entry provided on the western boundary of the allotment.



Each basement car park is laid out as a double width aisle with 90-degree parking on either side. A total of 490 car parking spaces are provided comprising the following:

• 391 x resident parking spaces (including 52 x accessible spaces);

• 75 x visitor; and,

• 155 x bicycle spaces. Details of the specific parking allocation to each building are provided within Section 4.1.8 of this Statement. Car space sizes and manoeuvring areas comply with the relevant Australian Standards. Refer to submitted Traffic and Parking Impacts Report for further details. An internal perimeter pedestrian footpath is proposed around the majority of each building, with access provided to each lift core from a total of 12 separate pedestrian entries. In addition all ground floor apartments that are located at a street frontage are provided with direct pedestrian access from the adjoining street.

3.5 Landscaping and Tree Removal

The proposal seeks to remove all existing trees on site in order to facilitate the proposed redevelopment of the land. The proposed landscaping scheme has been prepared by Site Image Landscape Architects, and seeks to increase the amount of significant vegetation that is currently provided at the site. This includes the planting of perimeter trees on the site, new street trees to each of the four frontages, and significant additional shrubs and groundcover. Canopy tree cover is also provided within the central communal open space corridor, and smaller plantings are also provided to the rooftop. Deep soil areas and a boundary landscaping strip will be provided across the full length of the setbacks of the development which have widths of approximately 6m. Two separate deep soil areas are also provided to each basement to enable the central planting to reach their mature growth potential. Detailed Landscape Plans have been prepared by Site Image Landscape Architects which form part of the plans submitted as part of this Development Application. Reference should be made to these documents for further landscape information.

3.6 Communal and Private Open Space

Extensive communal open space is proposed to each individual allotment, with rooftop communal open space proposed for the majority of the roof area of each building, and accessed from both lift cores within each building. The rooftop communal open space areas will be provided with unobstructed solar access throughout the year, and cater for a variety of different uses, with pools, play areas, fitness equipment, sun lounges, and covered and uncovered seating, provided to each building within each lot, with planting provided throughout each rooftop. The central ground level communal open space is also provided with play areas, barbecues, and a variety of seating. Overall each development provides communal open space to greater than half of the area of each site, with facilities and equipment to cater for a variety of different users and age groups.



The ground level communal open space area to each proposed allotment lies in between the two buildings. Due to the provision of a vehicular access point from Tallawong Road, the ground floor communal open space to Lot 1 is smaller in size than the communal open space areas within Lot 2 and Lot 3. Each ground floor communal open space area is accessible from footpaths and ramps which are located around the perimeter of each lot. The ground floor apartments which are located adjacent to an existing or proposed street are provided with direct pedestrian access between the adjacent street and the generously dimensioned courtyards of each apartment. The remainder of the apartments within the development are provided with balconies that are directly accessed via sliding doors from the living areas, and in some instances, are also accessible from a secondary access point at a bedroom. The rectangular shape of the balconies with generous depths create highly useable areas that will be able to comfortably accommodate outdoor cooking facilities and a large outdoor dining table with chairs.

3.7 Waste generation, storage and collection arrangements

Each of the three allotments will be provided with a waste storage area within the upper basement level. Separate storage facilities will be provided for residential and non-residential waste, with residential waste to be stored in 13 x 1100 litre mobile bins, and 20 x 240 litre mobile recycling bins. Space is also available within the basement for bulky waste, with a separate room provided for commercial waste. Adjacent to each of the garbage rooms is a loading dock within the basement. On each collection day, all waste bins will be removed from the waste storage area, and placed onto a collection area at the rear of the loading dock, with the bins to be serviced from this location. Refer to submitted Waste Management Plan for further details.

3.8 Drainage

Concept Stormwater Plans have been prepared by Advent Consulting Engineers and submitted as part of this development application. Reference should be made to these documents for further drainage, stormwater and environmental site management information.

3.9 Roadworks

The proposal seeks the provision of new roads surrounding the perimeter of the subject site. Subdivision works plans, prepared by Advent Consulting Engineers, provide details on the proposed roadworks at each frontage. The proposal will provide for half-width road construction, which are labelled within the plans as Road 1 (north-western boundary), Road 2 (south-eastern boundary), and Road 3 (north-eastern boundary).



4.0 Incidence of Crime

The subject site lies within the land affected by State Environmental Planning Policy (Sydney Region

Growth Centres) 2006, which facilitates the release of land within the priority growth areas within

Sydney. The subject site lies within Riverstone East Precinct, which itself lies within the wider

Blacktown Council Growth Centres Precinct. The redevelopment of the Riverstone East Precinct is

within its preliminary stages; however, it is likely that the area will undergo significant transition within

the near future. The current incidence of crime in areas surrounding the subject site is likely to be

relatively low, given the relatively small population.

The NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR), provides statistical information on the

incidence of crime within specified localities. Statistics obtained from BOSCAR indicate the incidence

of a variety of crimes that have been recorded within the Blacktown Local Government Area (LGA)

throughout each quarter. This information can be used to obtain information on those crimes that are

more prevalent within the selected locality, and can provide a comparative analysis of the Blacktown

LGA with the remainder of NSW. It is important to note that this information reflects only the recorded

incidents of crime, and that many crimes can often be unreported to police. It is also important to

note that the level of police activity, or focus on particular areas or crimes, can skew the recorded

data.

The table below provides a comparison on data related to recorded incidents of crime within the

Blacktown LGA, and the entirety of NSW throughout the January to December 2016.

Table 2 Incidence of Crime within Blacktown LGA and NSW. Source: BOSCAR (2017)

Offence type Number of incidents (BLGA)

Rate per

100,000

population

(BLGA)

2016 LGA Rank

Number of

incidents

(NSW)

Rate per 100,000

population (NSW)

Murder 3 0.9 - 63 0.81

Assault - domestic violence related 2,054 605.3 30 29044 372.46

Assault - non-domestic violence related 1,564 460.9 48 31535 404.41

Sexual assault 238 70.1 77 5066 64.97

Indecent assault, other sexual offences 318 93.7 - 6838 87.69

Robbery without a weapon 179 52.8 3 1360 17.44

Robbery with a firearm 18 5.3 - 163 2.09

Robbery with a weapon not a firearm 54 15.9 - 821 10.53

Break and enter dwelling 1,550 456.8 50 29656 380.31

Break and enter non-dwelling 370 109 100 11687 149.88

Motor vehicle theft 778 229.3 33 13100 168

Steal from motor vehicle 2,432 716.7 24 40451 518.75

Steal from retail store 1,073 316.2 41 23426 300.42

Steal from dwelling 962 283.5 78 21308 273.26

Steal from person 312 91.9 11 4959 63.59

Fraud 2,813 829 10 49968 640.8

Malicious damage to property 3,406 1,003.70 57 62703 804.11



Expressed diagrammatically, the following charts provide a comparison between the prevalence of

crime in the Blacktown LGA, and within the entirety of NSW. Note that each category is ranked from

the lowest incidence within the Blacktown LGA to the highest incidence within the Blacktown LGA.

Figure 9 - Comparison between incidence of crime in the Blacktown LGA and NSW. This chart shows the

crimes of lower overall incidence in 2016. Source: BOSCAR

Figure 10- Comparison 2 between incidence of crime in the Blacktown LGA and NSW. This chart shows the

crimes of higher overall incidence in 2016. Source: BOSCAR

0.020.040.060.080.0

100.0120.0140.0160.0

Incidence of Crime 2016

Rate per 100,000 population (BLGA) Rate per 100,000 population (NSW)

0.0

200.0

400.0

600.0

800.0

1,000.0

1,200.0

Incidence of Crime 2016

Rate per 100,000 population (BLGA) Rate per 100,000 population (NSW)



The figures above demonstrates that apart from crimes described as ‘murder’, or ‘break and enter

non-dwelling’, in 2016 the prevalence of each category of crime was higher within the Blacktown LGA

than within NSW as a whole. Note that the variation in the rates of murder across LGAs is statistically

insignificant and the rates within each LGA can vary significantly from year to year, given its low

incidence. The most pronounced variation in recorded incidence between the Blacktown LGA and

NSW, is robbery without a weapon, which is over 3 times more likely within the Blacktown LGA,

followed by robbery with a firearm, which is 2.5 times more likely within the Blacktown LGA, however

the relative incidence overall is low. Other crimes that are at least 1.5 times more likely include ‘assault

– domestic violence related’, and ‘robbery with a weapon not a firearm’.



5.0 Assessment of Proposal

Appendix E of the Blacktown City Council Growth Centre Precincts Development Control Plan outlines

performance criteria and design requirements associated with CPTED. Appendix 1, attached to this

report, provides an assessment of the proposal against the design requirements outlined within the

Development Control Plan. The information contained within this section of the report specifically

addresses the four core principles of CPTED. It is noted that the crime data from BOSCAR indicates

that the most frequently recorded criminal acts are malicious damage to property, as well as theft and

assault in their various forms. The data also indicates that there is a relatively high incidence of robbery

within the Blacktown LGA when compared with the remainder of NSW. The following comments and

recommendations are made in consideration of that data and the specific characteristics of the site

and locality.

5.1 Access Control

The design of the development provides a clear indication to any observer or passer-by about the

nature of the use at the site. This reduces the capacity for potential offenders to make excuses about

their reason for their presence and their actions. This is particularly evident in this location where

there may be high pedestrian activity from Tallawong Road in the future and potential offenders could

take advantage of opportunities to loiter within areas where there is unclear spatial definition, or a

lack of clarity in relation to the appropriate borders and boundaries for visitors and occupants.

Individual spaces are clearly defined within the proposed development, with low fencing provided to

ground floor private open space areas, and landscaping provided forward of the fences. Each

individual pedestrian entry point is clearly defined by a break within the perimeter landscaping. In

order to associate the entry points with the development, the paving provided at the entry points is

identical to the paving provided to the internal perimeter paving provided at the edge of the site.

There are limited opportunities for loitering at the site boundaries, as the large trees and gardens

located throughout the site boundary indicate that those areas are not ordinary locations to gather,

when compared with the discernible presence of the individual entry points. It is recommended that

locks be fitted to non-residential premises as well as to low level windows to prevent intruders from

climbing into apartments.

The series of individual entry points to the development contribute to the creation of ownership of

each space and facilitate the formation of recognition and familiarity with co-occupants. Accordingly,

it is more likely that non-residents are likely to be identified and subject to additional surveillance. The

presence of awnings at each entry point are provided over entry areas to highlight each individual

entry, and the design facilitates the clear marking of entrance points with way finding features such

as pathways, lighting and signage. Maps should be installed at each residential lobby to provide visitors

with a clear indication of the functionality of the site.

Driveways and vehicular entries are well separated from the remainder of the development, and the

overall dimensions of the external vehicular manoeuvring areas limit opportunities for loitering within

these locations. Visitor entry to the basement is to be controlled be an intercom system or similar, to

prevent access from unauthorised persons. Storage areas, waste areas and bicycle parking spaces are



each co-located to emphasise the singular use of those space, and limit opportunities for excuse

making. Additionally, it is recommended that the storage and waste areas be restricted by key or

similar to prevent unauthorised access, and that individual storage areas be constructed using

appropriate materials that can withstand attempts at intrusion. Intercoms should be provided at

building entries to ensure that both residents and visitors are provided with safe access to each

building. To guard against theft, basement and pedestrian entry doors shall be fitted with self-closing

mechanisms.

The provision of off-street parking solely within the basement levels of the development will reduce

the potential for malicious vehicle damage or theft. Opportunities for offenders to access the

basement will be minimised through restricted carpark entry. Within the basement, entry is to be

restricted to enable entry only to residents and permanent occupants of the non-residential premises.

The presence of well-spaced lift areas, and fire stairs ensures that there are various escape options

available for victims of crime, and witnesses of crime, ensuring that the risk of the report of any

criminal occurrence within the basement is relatively high. Fire stairs should only enable exit from the

basement, and should not permit entry to the basement from other levels, as this may facilitate the

unnoticed entry of intruders into the basement.

Within communal areas, if only part of the communal open space areas is to be available for use, then

access to the closed areas should be prevented, and lighting used to distinguish between those areas

that remain available for use, and those where access is restricted. Rooftop access should be restricted

to residents only, and should require either key or swipe card, which enables only authorised access

to that area.

The commercial premises are well separated from the residential units, with each of the commercial

premises able to be accessed from the street, and no direct connection provided between the

commercial premises and the residential lobbies. It is recommended that heavy duty locking

mechanisms be installed to each of the commercial frontages, and that durable shatter proof glass be

installed to prevent forced entry.

5.2 Surveillance

The proposed development provides balconies and glazed areas that overlook central communal open

space and the future surrounding streets. Given the orientation of the development to surrounding

streets, the proposal also allows for passive surveillance to neighbouring properties within the

development itself, and on potential future development sites located opposite the future

surrounding streets, including a potential public park to the south-west. This will facilitate natural

incidental monitoring to surrounding areas and the communal open spaces, and increase the potential

risk to offenders of being detected or challenged if committing a crime in this locality. This is

particularly important during periods where the overall residential and commercial activity is likely to

be low as the future character of the area becomes established, and construction sites - that are vacant

in the evening - become increasingly common.



An internal perimeter pedestrian footpath is proposed around the majority of each building, with

access provided to each lift core from a total of 12 separate pedestrian entries, evenly-spaced and

fronting both the new road to the north-west, and the new road to the south-east. Additionally,

individual ground floor apartment entries are provided from three of the four frontages, with 8

individual commercial entries provided to the remaining frontages. All waiting areas and entry areas

are open and visible from common circulations areas. The proposed development provides for

consistent building setbacks from opposite ends of the site, which allows for line of sight to be

maintained from all four streets towards the street on the opposing side of the development. The

proposal provides for canopy trees that are evenly spaced such that opportunities for concealment

are minimised.

The proposed development is free from concealed or obscured spaces; linear facades are provided

with design articulation, but with an absence of redundant and hidden spaces at the street frontages.

Low landscaping is proposed to areas of low use, such as private open space areas and individual

apartment entrances. Taller landscaping is reserved for street frontages and communal open space

areas, particularly those that surround areas of active or passive recreation. Taller trees are sufficiently

spaced so as to enable view lines to be maintained between and beneath each tree, and it is

recommended that trees be maintained to ensure that low level branches are removed to minimise

opportunities for concealment. Structural walls within the basement are located parallel to individual

parking spaces to prevent concealment and entrapment opportunities.

The proposed commercial uses at the ground floor fronting Tallawong Road floor provide the

opportunity for natural surveillance from ‘capable guardians’ towards the street. The shopfronts

provide a consistent pattern of development towards the street, and there are no interruptions for

basements or utilities. The mixture of uses increases the likelihood that surveillance is maintained

throughout the day, with residents of commercial premises maintaining surveillance in the evening,

and occupants of the commercial buildings – as well as their visitors, and rail commuters - maintaining

surveillance in the evening. It is recommended that the use of promotional material on windows of

the commercial premises be limited.

Within the basement, sightlines are maintained throughout with lift entries being well-spaced, but

centrally located throughout each basement level, ensuring the likelihood of unexpected surveillance

is maintained, making it difficult for accomplices to keep watch for potential witnesses. The basement

parking layout features a grid pattern, which is ideal for maintaining line of site between vehicles to

opposite ends of the carpark. Line of sight is also maintained to utility areas such as storage and

garbage rooms.

Visitor parking is located within each basement, with a short connection provided to the lifts to

residential levels. This reduces the excuse-making opportunities for potential criminals utilising visitor

parking areas, and also provides visitors unfamiliar with the space with a clear and direct route to the

lift, to minimise time spent within the basement.

With respect to lighting, it is recommended that permanent lighting be installed to common building

entries, at the non-residential frontage to Tallawong Road, and within the central ground floor

communal open space. The entry areas and ground floor lift foyers will be permanently lit and each

area will be readily visible from the other. It is recommended that permanent or sensor-activated

lighting be installed and maintained at other ground floor courtyards facing towards a street, where



this is unlikely to disturb sleep. Should the communal open space areas be available for use at night,

then lighting shall be designed to minimise light spill to surrounding areas.

The internal walls of the carparks should be painted in a light colour to assist with the effectiveness of

lighting used to illuminate the carpark. Lights should be bright enough to enable the rear seat of a

parked vehicle to be seen before entering. Sensor lights or permanent lighting should be considered

in concealed areas such as the storage and waste areas.

Light fittings and fixtures should require minimal maintenance, be able to withstand the elements and

be vandal resistant. If required, ground level lighting should be installed to areas where used in areas

lighting might otherwise be interfered with, or where there is potential for light spill. The maintenance

schedule for the building should incorporate the monitoring of the effectiveness of lighting within the

development to ensure lights are operational, maintaining required lux levels and have not become

obstructed by landscaping. All lighting is to meet the minimum Australia and New Zealand Standards,

particularly AS/NZ 1158 Lighting for roads and public spaces, which can be used to guide lighting

standards for the surrounding streets, basement parking areas and pedestrian areas throughout the

development.

5.3 Territorial Reinforcement

Throughout the development, the proposal provides for high quality communal spaces that are clearly

defined and logically arranged to provide visual cues to their purpose and their overall size. The ground

floor communal open spaces are located between residential apartments buildings and will receive

excellent passive surveillance from apartments throughout the development. A portion of these

particular units are elevated above the communal open space areas, which enables a clear delineation

between the communal areas and private open space area.

Special emphasis should be given to the rooftop communal open spaces areas, as these receive

relatively low passive surveillance, but provide the majority of the communal facilities within the

development. These areas provide for a variety of uses facilitated within close proximity to one

another, but require occupants to form habits surrounding their use as they are located in areas where

visitation will be deliberate and not incidental. It is important that a sense is ownership of this space

is fostered upon initial occupancy, and maintained throughout the life of the development.

The equipment provided within the rooftop areas caters for differing age groups, with fitness

equipment provided amongst children’s play areas, swimming pools, movie screens and expansive

seating areas. This ensures that the rooftop areas are able to act multi-purpose destinations,

encouraging activities that require lengthy visits to the rooftop area, and facilitating habitual and

ongoing use of the rooftop areas. Areas of high activity are made safer by natural community

supervision, and as people are attracted to vibrant areas, the deliberate and active use of the rooftop

– for instance for use of the pool, fitness equipment, movie screen, vertical herb wall or children’s play

area – will encourage incidental use from those seeking passive recreation, or time away from

residential apartments.



The rooftop communal open space will be exposed to natural elements throughout the year.

Equipment and materials used in the design of the rooftop spaces are likely to be susceptible to

wearing from sunlight and rain. In addition, the water levels in the pool are likely to vary dependent

on prevailing weather conditions, and the use of the movie screen is likely to be affected by its

exposure to the elements, with a potential for build-up of residue on the screen affecting the viability

of its use.

It is important that the initial selection of materials within the communal open spaces is undertaken

carefully to ensure that the use of this area is maintained at high levels. Materials that retain colour,

and do not rot or decay in the short to medium term should be preferred over materials that appear

worn and unsightly within a short period of time.

The rooftop areas primarily include the extensive use of softfall surfacing, artificial turf, concrete

paving, and granite surfacing and furniture. The use of a high standard of finish in these areas will

ensure that the physical appearance of these areas will be retained for a considerable period of time,

given these materials require minimal upkeep and maintenance.

The rooftop areas also feature significant turfed and landscaped areas that provide improved amenity

to the rooftop areas. Landscaping in this location should be weather and drought resistant, and able

to withstand strong winds and extended periods of sunlight without appearing excessively damaged.

In addition, evergreen species should be selected over deciduous trees, or trees which lose their limbs,

in order to minimise required maintenance, particularly to the swimming pools and roofed areas.

Other materials used within the rooftop area include timber decking and seating, canvas shade sails,

and metal pergolas. The quality of colours and materials within these elements should be selected to

appear as attractive as possible, with as little ongoing maintenance as possible. Similarly, materials

where the finishes are not nominated, such as the pool surfacing and fitness equipment, should be

selected having regard for similar considerations.

In general, seating is well provided throughout the communal open space areas to encourage longer

visitation to communal open space areas, and multi-purpose use of these spaces. Furniture should be

fixed to within all communal open space area to maintain their orderly arrangement, and to prevent

theft or misuse.

The quality of communal open space areas can influence the level of engagement and participation in

community life. It can also act as a catalyst for overall increased engagement with other areas of public

engagement, such as within public open spaces, which is particularly important to this site, as a park

is expected to be located to the south-east of the subject site.

Within the commercial premises is it recommended that the internal areas remain visible throughout

the evening through the use of a small amount of lighting inside and outside each premise, and an

absence of visually obstructive roller doors or shutters. This will allow for occupants and passers-by to

be able to view inside the commercial premises when operations may have ceased for the evening. In

businesses that operate only during core business hours, residents who are also employed elsewhere

during core hours, can become disassociated with the commercial premises, which makes it less likely

that residents will notice or report any suspicious activity. If businesses remain opening in to the

evening, it is important that lighting and furniture provide visual cues as to those areas that are



appropriate to be visited within the evening, and those areas that are not associated with evening

trade.

5.4 Space Management

Rapid repair of any incidents of vandalism and graffiti should be employed to prevent the appearance

of neglect and discourage further such activities. It is recommended that all graffiti is removed within

48 hours of a graffiti incident, and any major vandalism should be remedied as promptly as possible.

It is recommended that graffiti resistant paint and materials be used on all areas accessible from the

surrounding streets.

With respect to the rooftop communal open space, attention should be paid to ongoing maintenance

and upkeep. The recommendations in relation to territorial reinforcement describe that low-

maintenance materials should be selected for the rooftop communal open space. However,

maintenance will be required to rooftop surfaces from time to time. It is recommended that a regular

maintenance schedule be prepared to ensure that vegetation is trimmed and kept tidy, with unhealthy

vegetation replaced as required. A maintenance schedule should also be prepared for painting,

repairs, inspection of plumbing and electrical equipment, and for general cleaning.

Finally, signage should be provided throughout the basement in order to provide users with

information on entry and egress points, and details on where to seek assistance. It is recommended

that convex mirrors be installed in carparks at ramps and corners.



6.0 Conclusion and Recommendations

The above assessment of the implementation of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design

(CPTED) strategies for the proposed mixed use development at 84 Tallawong Road, Rouse Hill outlines

the key design features which are consistent with best practice CPTED principles, and outlines

recommendations that are able to be employed during construction, upon occupation and throughout

the life of the development. The recommendations contained throughout Section 4 of this report

should be implemented in order to promote the safety and security of the development:



7.0 Appendices

7.1 Appendix 1 – Crime Prevention through Environmental Design

(CPTED) - Checklist

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA DESIGN REQUIREMENTS DISCUSSION

a. Fencing

Fence design should

maximise natural

surveillance from the street

to the building and from the

building to the street, and

minimise the opportunities

for intruders to hide.

1. Fences should not inhibit

surveillance of the communal areas,

pathways and footpath by occupants

of the building. Both the height of the

fence in relation to the building, as

well as the nature of the construction

materials need to be considered.

2. Front fences should preferably be

no higher than 1 metre. Where a

higher fence is proposed, it will only

be considered if it is constructed of

open materials e.g. spaced pickets,

wrought iron etc.

3. If noise insulation is required,

install double glazing at the front of

the building rather than a high solid

fence (greater than 1 metre).

Low fencing is used around the site,

and does not inhibit surveillance.

A low fence is provided to the

residential units, with landscaping

provided in front of the fences.

N/A – no noise insulation is required.

b. Blind Corners

Avoid blind corners in

pathways, stairwells,

hallways and car parks

1. Pathways should be direct. All

barriers along pathways should be

permeable including landscaping,

fencing etc.

2. Consider the installation of mirrors

to allow users to see ahead and

around corners.

3. The installation of glass or stainless

steel panels in stairwells can also

assist in this regard

Pathways around the development

are surrounded by low height

landscaping.

It is recommended that convex

mirrors be installed in carparks at

ramps at corners.

As access is restricted to permanent

occupants, such fixtures are not

required within stairwells.

c. Communal/Public Areas

Provide natural surveillance

for communal and public

areas.

1. Position active uses or habitable

rooms with windows adjacent to

main communal/public areas, e.g.

playgrounds, swimming pools,

gardens, car parks etc.

2. Communal areas and utilities e.g.

laundries and garbage bays should be

easily seen.

3. Where elevators or stairwells are

provided, open style or transparent

materials are encouraged on doors

and/or walls of elevators/stairwells.

Living rooms and balconies are

generally oriented towards the

communal open space area.

Access points to garbage bays are

within plain view of basement

elevators.

Transparent elevators are generally

not appropriate in primarily

residential buildings.



4. Waiting areas and entries to

elevators/stairwells should be close

to areas of active uses, and should be

visible from the building entry.

5. Seating should be located in areas

of active uses.

6. Supermarkets and other stores that

provide shopping trolleys should

provide an incentive scheme for their

return or a retrieval service.

All waiting areas and entry areas are

open and visible from common

circulations areas.

Seating is located throughout

communal open space.

Given the size of each non-residential

unit, it is unlikely that shopping

trolleys will be used for these

premises.

d. Entrances

Provide entries that are

clearly visible and avoid

confusion.

1. Entrances should be at prominent

positions.

2. Design entrances to allow users to

see into the building before entering.

3. Entrances should be easily

recognisable through design features

and directional signage.

4. Minimise the number of entry

points – no more than 6 to 8 dwellings

should share a common building

entry.

5. If staff entrances must be

separated from the main entrance,

they should maximise opportunities

for natural surveillance from the

street.

6. Avoid blank walls fronting the

street.

7. In industrial developments,

administration/offices should be

located at the front of the building

Entries are located in prominent

positions.

The entry areas and ground floor lift

foyers will be permanently lit and

each area will be readily visible from

the other.

Awnings over entry areas highlight

each individual entry.

This is not appropriate for multi-

storey residential flat buildings.

However, no more than 8 dwellings

are located off each entry, and the

presence of multiple levels ensures

higher activity within entry areas.

The small size of each commercial

unit will allow for passive surveillance

to be maintained.

There are few blank walls throughout

the development.

N/A not industrial development.

e. Layout

Allow natural observation

from the street to the

dwelling, from the dwelling

to the street, and between

dwellings.

1. For single dwellings and dual

occupancies, orientate the main

entrance towards the street or both

streets if located on a corner.

2. For townhouses/villas/multiple

units, ensure part of the building

addresses the street or both streets if

located on a corner.

3. Position habitable rooms with

windows at the front of the dwelling.

4. Garages and carports should not

dominate the front façade of the

building.

N/A – not a single dwelling or dual

occupancy.

All ground floor units located at the

street edge are fronted towards the

adjacent street, with windows to

living areas provided behind primary

private open space areas.

Vehicular entries are minimised

throughout the development, and

are a recessive design element.



5. Access to dwellings or other uses

above commercial/retail

development should not be from rear

lanes.

6. Offset windows, doorways and

balconies to allow for natural

observation while protecting privacy.

Dwellings are located from common

entry areas.

Balconies and windows between

buildings are offset.

f. Landscaping

Avoid landscaping which

obstructs casual surveillance

and allows intruders to hide.

• Avoid large trees/shrubs

and buildings works that

could enable an intruder to

gain access to the dwelling or

to neighbouring dwellings.

• Use vegetation as barriers

to deter unauthorised

access.

1. Avoid medium height vegetation

with concentrated top to bottom

foliage. Plants such as low hedges and

shrubs, creepers, ground covers and

high canopied vegetation are good

for natural surveillance.

2. Trees with dense low growth

foliage should be spaced or raised to

avoid a continuous barrier.

3. Use low ground cover or high

canopied trees, clean trunks, to a

height of 2m around children’s play

areas, car parks and along pedestrian

pathways.

4. Avoid vegetation, which conceals

the building entrance from the street.

5. Prickly plants can be used as

effective barriers. Species include

bougainvilleas, roses, succulents, and

berberis species.

6. Avoid large trees, carports, skillion

extensions, fences, and downpipes

next to second storey windows or

balconies that could provide a means

of access.

The proposal provides for canopy

trees that are evenly spaced such that

opportunities for concealment are

minimised. Low plantings are used in

between each canopy tree.

Landscaping is sufficient to improve

perception of privacy, but will not

obscure view towards individual

properties.

Trees adjacent to play areas are

primarily larger perimeter plantings.

Larger spaces between canopy trees

are used at building entries.

The selected species are appropriate

in this instance.

N/A - multistorey development

g. Lighting

Ensure lighting does not

produce glare or dark

shadows.

1. Use diffused lights and/or

movement sensitive lights.

2. Direct these lights towards

access/egress routes to illuminate

potential offenders, rather than

towards buildings or resident

observation points.

3. Lighting should have a wide beam

of illumination, which reaches to the

beam of the next light, or the

perimeter of the site or area being

traversed.

4. Avoid lighting spillage onto

neighbouring properties as this can

cause nuisance and reduce

opportunities for natural surveillance.

It is recommended that permanent

lighting be installed to common

building entries, at the non-

residential frontage to Tallawong

Road, and within the central ground

floor communal open space. It is

recommended that permanent or

sensor-activated lighting be installed

and maintained at other ground floor

courtyards facing towards a street,

where this is unlikely to disturb sleep.



5. As a guide areas should be lit to

enable users to identify a face 15

metres away.

6. Illuminate possible places for

intruders to hide.

7. Use energy efficient

lamps/fittings/switches to save

energy.

8. Leave some lights on at night or use

sensor lights.

9. Locate additional lighting below

awnings to provide adequate

illumination to the footpath areas.

h. Building Identification

Ensure dwellings are clearly

identified by street number

to prevent unintended

access and to assist persons

trying to find the dwelling.

1. Each individual dwelling should be

clearly numbered.

2. Unit numbers should be clearly

provided on each level.

3. Each building entry should clearly

state the unit numbers accessed from

that entry.

4. Street numbers should be at least

7cm high, and positioned between

1m and 1.5m above ground level on

the street frontage.

5. Street numbers should be made of

durable materials preferably

reflective or luminous, and should be

unobstructed (e.g. by foliage).

6. Location maps and directional

signage should be provided for larger

developments.

There is sufficient space on each

street façade to ensure street

numbering is prominent at the street

frontage of each building. Additional

street numbering should also able to

located on the front gate of each

ground floor private open space and

at the frontage to each commercial

unit. It is recommended that street

numbering is reflective and able to be

viewed from of a suitable size to be

viewed from the surrounding roads.

Gates are located to ensure that

vegetation will not interfere with the

visibility of unit numbers.

There is space within each ground

floor lift foyer to provide a

site/building map for each lot.

Signage is also recommended to be

provided within communal open

space areas to indicate locations of

exits, and safety instructions

associated with equipment.

i. Security

Provide an appropriate level

of security for individual

dwellings and communal

areas to reduce opportunity

for unauthorised access.

Use security hardware

and/or personnel to reduce

opportunities for

unauthorised access.

1. Install intercom, code or card locks

or similar for main entries to buildings

including car parks.

2. Install quality locks on external

windows and doors.

3. Install viewers on entry doors to

allow residents to see who is at the

door before it is opened.

4. Main entry doors for buildings

should be displayed requesting

Intercoms shall be provided at

building entries to ensure that both

residents and visitors are provided

with safe access to each building.

Locks will be installed as appropriate.

Viewers are recommended to each

apartment entry door.

Automatic closing entry doors are

sufficient.



residents not to leave doors wedged

open.

5. Australian Standard 220 - door and

window locks should be installed in all

dwellings.

6. Consider installing user/sensor

electronic security gates at car park

entrances, garbage areas and laundry

areas etc, or provide alternative

access controls.

7. Entry to basement parking should

be through security access via the

main building.

8. External storage areas should be

well secured and well lit.

9. If security grills are used on

windows they should be operable

from inside in case of emergencies.

10. Ensure skylights and/or roof tiles

cannot be readily removed or opened

from outside.

11. Consider monitored alarm

systems.

12. Provide lockable gates on side and

rear access.

13. Consider building supervisors or

security guards.

Bin rooms are located within the

basements, which will be subject to

access restrictions. Therefore, no

further locks within the bin room is

required.

Basement entry will be secured.

External storage areas are not

provided.

Security grills are not proposed.

Skylights not proposed.

Alarm systems not proposed.

Locks are not required for fencing or

gates to residential premises.

However, individual occupants may

elect to install locks in the future.

Not required (refer to q).

j. Ownership

Design dwellings and

communal areas to provide a

sense of ownership.

Create the impression that

the place is well looked after

and well “cared for”.

1. To distinguish dwellings or groups

of dwellings use design features e.g.

colouring, vegetation, paving,

artworks, fencing, furniture etc.

Physical and/or psychological

barriers, e.g. fences, gardens, lawn

strips, varying textured surfaces can

be used to define different spaces.

2. Ensure the speedy repair or

cleaning of damaged or vandalised

property.

Fencing, landscaping and paving

enables dwellings to be distinguished

from one another.

It is recommended that all graffiti is

removed within 48 hours of graffiti

incident. Any major vandalism should

be remedied as promptly as possible.

k. Maintenance

Create the impression that

the place is well looked after

and well “cared for”.

Use materials that reduce

the opportunity for

vandalism

1. Ensure the speedy repair or

cleaning of damaged or vandalised

property.

2. Provide for the swift removal of

graffiti.

3. Provide information advising

where to go for help and how to

Refer to above.

Refer to above.

It is recommended that graffiti

resistant paint and materials be used



report maintenance or vandalism

problems.

4. Strong, wear resistant laminate,

impervious glazed ceramics, treated

masonry products, stainless steel

materials, anti-graffiti paints and

clear over sprays will reduce the

opportunity for vandalism.

5. Flat or porous finishes should be

avoided in areas where graffiti is likely

to be a problem.

7. Where large walls are unavoidable,

consider the use of vegetation or anti-

graffiti paint.

8. Alternatively, modulate the wall, or

use dark colours to discourage graffiti

on vulnerable walls.

9. External lighting should be vandal

resistant. High mounted and/or

protected lights are less susceptible

to vandalism.

10. Communal/street furniture

should be made of hardwearing

vandal resistant materials and

secured by sturdy anchor points or

removed after hours

on all areas accessible from the

surrounding streets.

There are no large blank walls

throughout the development.

External lighting shall be high

mounted or protected.

Furniture within communal areas

shall be secured to prevent theft and

vandalism.

l. Mixed land uses

Where permitted, provide

appropriate mixed uses

within buildings to increase

opportunities for natural

surveillance, while

protecting amenity

1. Locate shops and businesses on

lower floors and residences on upper

floors. In this way, residents can

observe the businesses after hours

while the residences can be observed

by the businesses during business

hours.

2. Encourage ‘Multiple uses’ of land

to encourage activity that

complements casual surveillance.

3. Incorporate car wash services, taxi

ranks and shop kiosks etc within car

parks.

Business uses are provided at ground

floor to Tallawong Road, with

residential uses provided throughout

the remainder to the development

site.

A variety of uses area able to be

located within the non-residential

portion of the development.

Not required for a primarily

residential development.

m. Spaces

Spaces should be clearly

defined to express a sense of

ownership and reduce

illegitimate use/entry.

1. Physical and/or psychological

barriers, e.g. fences, gardens, lawn

strips, varying textured surfaces, can

be used to define different spaces

Fences, gardens, and footpaths are

provided to define different spaces.

n. Public facilities (ATMs telephone, help points, bicycle storage etc)

Locate public services in

areas of high activity.

1. Locate public facilities in highly

visible locations that are well lit and,

where possible, near activities with

extended trading hours e.g.

restaurants, convenience stores.

Bicycle storage is located within the

basement. This is appropriate for

residential buildings, where bicycles

are often stored overnight.



2. Locate public facilities away from

possible places to hide, e.g. fire exits.

3. Design ATMs to incorporate

mirrors or reflective materials so that

users can observe people behind.

4. Provide directional signs to key

services and landmarks, e.g. railway

station, taxi ranks, library etc.

Bicycle parking is centrally located

within basements.

N/A – no ATMs provided.

Non-residential development is not

of sufficient size to require directional

signage.

o. Shopfront

Allow for natural

surveillance and a suitable

streetscape appearance

1. Shopfronts should remain

consistent with or improve on the

existing streetscape.

2. Ensure surveillance between the

shopfront and the street by retaining

clear sight lines and limiting

promotional material on windows.

3. Avoid displaying merchandise on

the footpath.

Shopfronts are provided to a vastly

modified streetscape. Each of the 8

shopfronts are consistent with one

another.

It is recommended that the use of

promotional material on windows,

and merchandise be limited.

p. Building materials

Use building materials,

which reduce the

opportunity for intruder

access

1. Use toughened or laminated glass

at ground floor.

2. Roller shutters should be in the

form of an opaque or clear security

grille rather than a solid material

q. Hours of operation

Provide adequate security to

buildings with extended

hours of operation

1. Allocate security guards to patrol

the surrounding areas of the building,

and instruct patrons when they leave

the building to be mindful of

residential uses in close proximity and

to keep noise levels down.

Given the development is primarily

for residential purposes, with only

smaller commercial units provided,

security guards would not be

appropriate in this instance.



7.2 Appendix 2 - Certification

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