Crim Law 2 Compilation

8/16/2019 Crim Law 2 Compilation

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CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 1

Criminal law – O!"#$r 2% 2&1'

CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS

When you say crimes against persons it talks about killing. Now,

there are several crimes that involve killing. Example A killed B.

What is the liability? ou cannot answer that properly. ou haveto determine several !acts !irst.

ou can answer that by the process o! elimination. "o !irst lets

talk about yung baby pa, yung in!anticide.

Ar!il$ 2(() Infanticide. * T+$ ,$nal!- ,r".i/$/ 0"r ,arrii/$

in Ar!il$ 2' an/ 0"r mr/$r in Ar!il$ 2'3 4+all #$ im,"4$/

,"n an- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all 5ill an- +il/ l$44 !+an !+r$$

/a-4 "0 a6$)

I0 !+$ rim$ ,$nali7$/ in !+i4 ar!il$ #$ "mmi!!$/ #- !+$

m"!+$r "0 !+$ +il/ 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 "n$alin6 +$r

/i4+"n"r% 4+$ 4+all 400$r !+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n "rr$i"nal

in i!4 m$/im an/ ma8imm ,$ri"/4% an/ i0 4ai/ rim$ #$

"mmi!!$/ 0"r !+$ 4am$ ,r,"4$ #- !+$ ma!$rnal

6ran/,ar$n!4 "r $i!+$r "0 !+$m% !+$ ,$nal!- 4+all #$ ,ri4i"n

ma-"r)

#illing o! a person who is $ days old. %hat is in!anticide. &lease

take note that it does not matter who the killer is because the

article says the o!!ender can be any person. "o i! the o!!ender is

the parent or a stranger it does not matter as long as the victim

is less than $ days old. Now, what point usually raised here is

that there are babies born na hindi !ull term. 'eaning hindi

umabot ng ( months. )! they are killed right a!ter they are born,

in!anticide parin yan kasi ang importante *an less than $ days

old.

Another issue there is when the accused will claim that the baby

had an intrauterine li!e o! less than + months and was killed

within - hours !rom the moment o! birth. &ointing to an article

in the civil code. ung gud na i! the baby survives within the -

hours he will be considered a person. Will that argument be

valid? Well that article in the civil code start with the phrase

/01 2)3)4 &51&0"E"6. )n other words that article will only

apply to civil cases. &ara sa criminal cases, as !ar as the

revised penal code is concerned, bahala na kung unsa ang

intrauterine li!e diha basta when the baby is born and you killed

that baby na less than $ days old pa, in!anticide parin yan7

Now, when you look at the article it says there na ang penalty !or

parricide and murder shall be imposed. Actually wala na yang

distinction kasi the penalty !or murder and parricide are now the

same. Who ever the killer is, whether a stranger or the parent,

the penalty will be the same and that is 1eclusion perpetua to

8eath.

Now, i! the baby is more than $ days old, he is still considered an

in!ant diba. &ero this time the crime is di!!erent na and )t will

depend on who the killer is. /irst, i! the killer is the parent then it

will !all under parricide.

Ar!il$ 2') Parricide. * An- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all 5ill +i4 0a!+$r%

m"!+$r% "r +il/% w+$!+$r l$6i!ima!$ "r ill$6i!ima!$% "r an- "0

+i4 a4$n/an!4% "r /$4$n/an!4% "r +i4 4,"4$% 4+all #$

6il!- "0 ,arrii/$ an/ 4+all #$ ,ni4+$/ #- !+$ ,$nal!- "0

r$l4i"n ,$r,$!a !" /$a!+.

"o please take note o! that. kasi pag sinabi mong parricide i! i4

alwa-4 in !+$ /ir$! lin$ !a,"4 #- #l""/ . "o even i! utol mo

pinatay mo, is that direct line? By blood siguro pero not direct

line7 "o there!ore, it will not !all under parricide. Ang parricide

kasi direct line and by blood. Always remember that. And take

note, when you talk about !ather, mother, or child, the

relationship may be legitimate or illegitimate.

B5%, when you talk about ascendant, descendants, and

including the spouse, the relationship must now be legitimate.

0therwise, they will not be parricide. /or example, common law

spouses, pinatay yung partner niya, that will not !all under

parricide because the relationship is not legitimate.

Now, "upposing a husband asks someone to kill his spouse.

%his is an example where there is a conspiracy diba? And as you

know na in conspiracy the act o! one is the act o! all. But here,

although the act one o! one is the act o! the other, %9E 21)'E

0/ 0NE )" N0% %9E 21)'E 0/ %9E 0%9E1. Because the

relationship !actor is not there to the one who was assigned to

kill the spouse. As to the husband, siya ang principal !or

parricide. #ato iyang kasabot na killer, ibang crime yung sa

kanya kasi wala naman cya relationship dun sa pinatay.

Now, next would be murder. #asi nga process o! elimination

tayo diba. "o, kunwari hindi less than $ days old, so wala na

in!anticide. 9indi rin !ather, mother, child, so hindi na rin

parricide. "o sa murder na tayo.

Ar!il$ 2'3) Murder. * An- ,$r4"n w+"% n"! 0allin6 wi!+in !+$

,r".i4i"n4 "0 Ar!il$ 2' 4+all 5ill an"!+$r% 4+all #$ 6il!- "0

mr/$r an/ 4+all #$ ,ni4+$/ #- r$l4i"n !$m,"ral in i!4

ma8imm ,$ri"/ !" /$a!+% i0 "mmi!!$/ wi!+ an- "0 !+$

0"ll"win6 a!!$n/an! irm4!an$49

1) Wi!+ !r$a+$r-% !a5in6 a/.an!a6$ "0 4,$ri"r

4!r$n6!+% wi!+ !+$ ai/ "0 arm$/ m$n% "r $m,l"-in6

m$an4 !" w$a5$n !+$ /$0$n4$ "r "0 m$an4 "r

,$r4"n4 !" in4r$ "r a00"r/ im,ni!-)

2) In "n4i/$ra!i"n "0 a ,ri$% r$war/% "r ,r"mi4$)

:) B- m$an4 "0 inn/a!i"n% 0ir$% ,"i4"n% $8,l"4i"n%

4+i,wr$5% 4!ran/in6 "0 a .$44$l% /$railm$n! "r

a44al! ,"n a 4!r$$! ar "r l""m"!i.$% 0all "0 an

air4+i,% #- m$an4 "0 m"!"r .$+il$4% "r wi!+ !+$ 4$

"0 an- "!+$r m$an4 in."l.in6 6r$a! wa4!$ an/ rin)




') On "a4i"n "0 an- "0 !+$ alami!i$4 $nm$ra!$/

in !+$ ,r$$/in6 ,ara6ra,+% "r "0 an $ar!+;a5$%

$r,!i"n "0 a ."lan"% /$4!r!i.$ -l"n$%

$,i/$mi "r "!+$r ,#li alami!-)

() Wi!+ $.i/$n! ,r$m$/i!a!i"n)

) Wi!+ r$l!-% #- /$li#$ra!$l- an/ in+manl-a6m$n!in6 !+$ 400$rin6 "0 !+$ .i!im% "r "!ra6in6

"r 4"00in6 a! +i4 ,$r4"n "r "r,4$)

"o murder is *ust killing someone outside o! in!anticide and

parricide but with :uali!ying circumstances. %he :uali!ying

circumstances are provided in article -;. "o i! the killing is

attended by any o! those mentioned, then the crime because

murder. "o kung wala ang mga circumstances na yan, then it

will not !all under murder, dun yan mahuhulog sa homicide. "o

always remember the process o! elimination ha. %ingnan momuna i! in!anticide, i! hindi pasok dun then check mo sa

parricide, i! hindi parin then you check i! murder i! nandun ba

yung mga circumstances mentioned, i! wala then homicide nay

an.

Now, back to murder. )! you have noticed, the circumstances

listed are the same as those listed as aggravating circumstances

sa article <-. "o, the principles that we have talked about article

<- are the same principles that will apply i! we talk about the

circumstances in murder. "o lahat yun, like treachery. 8ibadapat the victim should not be in the position to de!end himsel!

etc. so lahat un, lahat ng principles dun sa articles <-, you apply

those principles when you :uali!y the crime to murder.

What is di!!erent lang is yung etong number =. yung sco!!ing or

outraging at the person or the corpse.6 that is not !ound in article

<- diba. "o its not an aggravating circumstance, it is a :uali!ying

circumstance. %hat is one circumstance that :uali!ies the crime

to murder but is not provided in article <-.

0k, one :uestion would be what i! marami ang :uali!ying

circumstances present in the killing? #asi like ) said, anyone o!

them is su!!icient to :uali!y the crime to murder. &ano i!

magsama sama yan? 4ike i! may treachery tapos may reward

tapos may sco!!ing pa and etc. sa pano yan? AN> 154E AN

)" &)4) #A 4AN> N> )"A %0 @5A4)/ %A&0" %9E 1E"% 05

5"E %9E' A" A>>1A3A%)N> 2)125'"%AN2E". )ba iba

man yun. kasi diba :uali!ying circumstances are those which

change the nature o! the crime. %hey do not exclude others.

%hey are not mutually exclusive. ou can still use the others. "o,one is used to :uali!y then the other is used to increase the

penalty to the maximum as long as you do not exceed the

maximum penalty provided !or by law diba.

Now, please do not !orget also dun sa criminal procedure na all

those circumstances should be A44E>E8 otherwise they cannot

be considered to :uali!y the o!!ense. #elangan andun yan. )!

wala, then you cannot charge murder.

"o next topic would be the basic killing. 9omicide. "o i! hindi

mahulog sa in!anticide, parricide, murder, then homicide na yan.

Wait, please take note ha that under the child abuse law 1A

+=<, the killing o! the child below < years old is punished by

reclusion perpetua. #asi yung kanina, ung parricide, murder,

in!anticide perpetua yan. Ang homicide naman is temporal. But

i! the victim i! a child below < years old, the penalty would bedi!!erent, the penalty is perpetua.

Now, next would be ang pinaka sikat na provision ditto. Article

-+.

Ar!il$ 2'<) Death or physical injuries inflicted under

exceptional circumstances. * An- l$6all- marri$/ ,$r4"n

w+" +a.in6 4r,ri4$/ +i4 4,"4$ in !+$ a! "0 "mmi!!in6

4$8al in!$r"r4$ wi!+ an"!+$r ,$r4"n% 4+all 5ill an- "0

!+$m "r #"!+ "0 !+$m in !+$ a! "r imm$/ia!$l- !+$r$a0!$r% "r 4+all in0li! ,"n !+$m an- 4$ri"4 ,+-4ial in=r-% 4+all

400$r !+$ ,$nal!- "0 /$4!i$rr")

I0 +$ 4+all in0li! ,"n !+$m ,+-4ial in=ri$4 "0 an- "!+$r

5in/% +$ 4+all #$ $8$m,! 0r"m ,ni4+m$n!)

T+$4$ rl$4 4+all #$ a,,lia#l$% n/$r !+$ 4am$

irm4!an$4% !" ,ar$n!4 wi!+ r$4,$! !" !+$ir /a6+!$r4

n/$r $i6+!$$n -$ar4 "0 a6$% an/ !+$ir 4$/$r% w+il$ !+$

/a6+!$r4 ar$ li.in6 wi!+ !+$ir ,ar$n!4)

An- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all ,r"m"!$ "r 0aili!a!$ !+$ ,r"4!i!!i"n

"0 +i4 wi0$ "r /a6+!$r% "r 4+all "!+$rwi4$ +a.$ "n4$n!$/ !"

!+$ in0i/$li!- "0 !+$ "!+$r 4,"4$ 4+all n"! #$ $n!i!l$/ !" !+$

#$n$0i!4 "0 !+i4 ar!il$)

Now, remember ha na when you talk about -+, pwede

ang death 01 physical in*uries dito. "o magapply parin ang -+

even i! you were not able to kill the victim. #ahit physical in*uries

lang ang na in!lict mo, pwede parin gamitin ang article na ito.

0k, we said that -+ is not realy a crime. &ero ang tanong ko

naman is i! it is not a crime, bakit nakalagay na man *an na shall

su!!er a penalty o! destierro6. And diba ang basic principal natin

diba is nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege, and diba i! there is a

penalty attached then there is a crime. Now, when you kill

someone you will not be charged under article -+7 ou will be

charged by murder or parricide. B5% you can use this article -+

as a 8E/EN"E. Ang sabi mo ) killed them under the

circumstances o! article -+. sabihin mo na ) killed them851)N> the act o! sexual intercourse. "o pasok ka na diba? "o

you use this as a de!ense. "o klaro na ha? 851)N> dapat

diba?

"o pano i! BE/01E the act? Example, &ag uwi mo sa bahay,

may narinig ka sa kwarto. &ag silip mo naghubad na sila.

&umasok ka tapos pinag babaril mo silang dalawa. Now, nasa

court ka na tapos sabi mo sa *udge your honor ) invoke article



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 :

-+ as a de!ense. %apos tinanong ka ng *udge, did you catch

them during the act o! sexual intercourse? Ang sabi mo

padulong na man toh your honor kay nag hubo na gani sila. %he

*udge will ask you again, B5% did you catch them 851)N>

sexual intercourse? an na papasok ang problema mo7 05

'5"% 2A%29 %9E' )N %9E A2% 0/ "E5A4 )N%E1205"E7

'arami nga ang pumapalag dito eh, kelangan mo pa bangantayin na pumasok yung ari be!ore mo patayin? %hat seems to

be un!air diba? Also take note na this would apply to both

husband and wi!e ha. Ang wi!e, pwede rin nya iinvoke ito.

Anyway, that is the rule ha. ou have to remember this is still

killing somebody kasi. Actually, this is a bene!it kasi isipin mo

naka patay ka tapos ang penalty mo lang is destierro. "o, when

you kill someone and avail o! article -+, it will be "%1)2%4

20N"%15E8 against you. "o, that is a basic re:uirement, that

you must catch them in the act o! sexual intercourse. "o i!

be!ore sexual intercourse, kanang naghubo pa sila, dili pa na

pwede. #ahit na sabi mo na AB05% %0 or very very near na

your honor, hindi parin pwede yan7 5nsaon ta man wala pa man

nisulod.

Now, going back, basic re:uirement is that you must surprise

them in the act o! sexual intercourse. Now, what is this phrase

or immediately therea!ter6 doing here? "o you mean pwede

pala na supposing you catch them na naka bihis na or andun pa

pero naka higa na, naga yosix na lang. %hey were *ust lying

down na. pasok ka ba sa sa -+? N07 kasi na dapat in the act o!

sexual intercourse. "o what is the meaning o! this phrase

immediately therea!ter6? %9)" %A4#" AB05% %9E #)44)N>.

%he law authoriCes you to kill them a!ter you have caught them

)N %9E A2%. "o you can kill them a!ter. "0 05 '5"% /)1"%

2A%29 %9E' 851)N> %9E A2% 0/ "E5A4

)N%E12051"E, %9EN 05 9A3E %9E 0&%)0N %0 #)44

%9E' 851)N> 01 )''E8)A%E4 %9E1EA/%E1.

Now, what is the meaning o! the word immediately? 9ow is it

used in the provision? 8oes it meaning pag human *ud mismo

sa *erx? 'ay isang case *an, yung case ni Alan", yung misis

nya nag paalam na alis muna ako may bibilhin lang ako sa

tindahan. Now, yung husband nagtaka na kasi ang tagal

bumalik ng asawa nya. "o he went looking !or his wi!e. &ag

dating nya dun sa may bushes may narinig siya. &ag silip nya

nakita nya dun ang asawa nya. "o pagkakita nya, tumakbo

yung lalaki, so he went a!ter the guy pero hindi nya naabutan

kasi ang bilis tumakbo. "o what did he do? 9e went back to the

bushes pero wala na dun ang asawa nya. "o he went home.

&ag dating nya sa bahay, andun ang asawa nya. 8un pa nya

gibirahan. >i patay nya asawa nya dun. "o is that covered under

the phrase immediately therea!ter? es7 %hat is a continuous

se:uence. "o ang immediately therea!ter is not literal. As long

as proximate dapat. %here is that relation o! cause and e!!ect. )t

is a continuous o!!ense.

8istinguish that !rom another case. Nakita niya sa bahay niya, so

in the act. &ero umalis siya, naghanap muna siya ng weapon,

bolo. 5nya balik siya. "abi ng 2ourt, that is not covered.

But again, the most !amous o! them all, A#ara. #ato kay

nihawa man pud siya. #ato kay nasurprise niya, pero nasurprise

pud siya kay napusilan siya. Abtik pud tong cholokoy. 4akaw

siya, nangita pud ug weapon. "abi ng 2ourt in this case,proximate pa rin yan. %here is still a relation o! cause and e!!ect.

%he duration there was more or less one hour yata. 8oon niya

na kita sa mah*ongan, dun niya pinatay.

"o take note o! these cases. an yung Dimmediately therea!terD

na problematic diyan. Walang problem kung during kay klaro

man. Wala ding problema kung immediately therea!ter na literal.

Ang problema mo niyan, kung hindi doon sa situs, doon sa ibang

place na. Whether its a continuing event or not. #asi i! it can be

considered continuing, Abarca ka. #ung hindi, pasensya. ou

can avail o! the other circumstances, pero you cannot avail o!

-+.

%heres one more issue pala dun. #asi, in Abarca, meron siyang

tinamaan na ibang mga tao aside !rom the cholokoy. 8id he

commit a crime against them? 1emember the principle in Article

-, that one is responsible !or all the direct, natural and logical

conse:uences o! ones action. %hat is the doctrine o! proximate

cause. But remember always, that that applies i! you are

committing a !elony. ou are committing a crime, kung anong

mangyari diyan, that which you did not intend, you are still

responsible. ou are still responsible even i! that was not the

crime which you intended.

)n this case o! Abarca, he will responsible !or the in*uries o! the

other people there i! he was committing a !elony. #ay Abarca, he

can avail o! the bene!it o! -+, but he should not have been

negligent. "uch that, doon siya pinasok sa reckless imprudence.

#aya hindi siya liable kasi he is considered as not committing a

!elony, so Article - will not apply.

"o in this case o! P$",l$ .) Wa6a4F

%he law is strict on this, authoriCing as it does, a man to

chastise her, even with death. But killing the errant

spouse as a puri!ication must is so severe as that it can

only be *usti!ied when the un!aith!ul spouse i! caught in

!lagrante delictoG and it must be resorted to only with

great caution so much so that the law re:uires that it be

in!licted only during the sexual intercourse or immediately

therea!ter.

)to na mang illegal possession o! !irearms, RA 32>'. What you

need to know here, when you use a !irearm in the killing,

homicide or murder, aggravating na yan. Wala nang separate

crime o! illegal possession. )t serves to aggravate the killing.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 '

%ake note also o! unlicensed !irearms because it includes

!irearms with license but expired. &areho ra na.

Now, lets go to H<, %umultuous a!!ray.

Ar!) 2(1) D$a!+ a4$/ in a !ml!"4 a00ra-) ? W+$n%

w+il$ 4$.$ral ,$r4"n4% n"! "m,"4in6 6r",4 "r6ani7$/ 0"r

!+$ "mm"n ,r,"4$ "0 a44al!in6 an/ a!!a5in6 $a+ "!+$r r$i,r"all-% ;arr$l an/ a44al! $a+ "!+$r in a "n04$/

an/ !ml!"4 mann$r% an/ in !+$ "r4$ "0 !+$ a00ra-

4"m$"n$ i4 5ill$/% an/ i! ann"! #$ a4$r!ain$/ w+" a!all-

5ill$/ !+$ /$$a4$/% #! !+$ ,$r4"n "r ,$r4"n4 w+" in0li!$/

4$ri"4 ,+-4ial in=ri$4 an #$ i/$n!i0i$/% 4+ ,$r4"n "r

,$r4"n4 4+all #$ ,ni4+$/ #- ,ri4i"n ma-"r)

I0 i! ann"! #$ /$!$rmin$/ w+" in0li!$/ !+$ 4$ri"4 ,+-4ial

in=ri$4 "n !+$ /$$a4$/% !+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n "rr$i"nal

in i!4 m$/im an/ ma8imm ,$ri"/4 4+all #$ im,"4$/ ,"n

all !+"4$ w+" 4+all +a.$ 4$/ .i"l$n$ ,"n !+$ ,$r4"n "0

!+$ .i!im)

ou have to remember here pag muingon ug tumultuous a!!ray,

grupo, daghan. 8aghang tao, nagsinumbagay, binigyanay.

D@uarrel and assault each other in a con!usedD I riot siya

kumbaga. &lease be cautious also because not all riots will !all

under this article. #asi may mga riot diba between versus mga

gang, Batang 2ity ail versus "putnik gang. #laro man na grupo

sila pero ang dito kasi Dnot composing groups organiCed !or the

common purpose o! assaulting and attacking each other

reciprocallyD.

)n other words, when you say tumultuous a!!ray, its really a !ree

!or all. 8iri, way klaro kinsay kalaban kinsay amigo. &ag rumble,

klaro man na kung unsan grupo sila. 8ili sila tumultuous a!!ray.

Now, dito sa H<, may namatay. 9ere, the person cannot be

identi!ied. "abi Din the course o! the a!!ray someone is killed, and

it cannot be ascertained who actually killed the deceased, but

the person or persons who in!licted serious physical in*uries can

be identi!ied, such person or persons shall be punished by

prision mayor.D #ung hindi malaman sinong nakapatay, hanapin

mo ngayon kung sino yung nag in!lict ng serious physical

in*uries.

)! it cannot be determined also who in!licted the serious physical

in*uries, hanapin mo ngayon anyone who in!licted violence.

%hose are the persons you will hold liable.

&lease take note also that the person killed here need not be

part o! the a!!ray. #ung bystander or nagtanIaw lang didto,

kasama yan dito.

Now, H.

Ar!) 2(2) P+-4ial in=ri$4 in0li!$/ in a !ml!"4 a00ra-) ?

W+$n in a !ml!"4 a00ra- a4 r$0$rr$/ !" in !+$ ,r$$/in6

ar!il$% "nl- 4$ri"4 ,+-4ial in=ri$4 ar$ in0li!$/ ,"n !+$

,ar!ii,an!4 !+$r$"0 an/ !+$ ,$r4"n r$4,"n4i#l$ !+$r$"0

ann"! #$ i/$n!i0i$/% all !+"4$ w+" a,,$ar !" +a.$ 4$/

.i"l$n$ ,"n !+$ ,$r4"n "0 !+$ "00$n/$/ ,ar!- 4+all 400$r

!+$ ,$nal!- n$8! l"w$r in /$6r$$ !+an !+a! ,r".i/$/ 0"r !+$

,+-4ial in=ri$4 4" in0li!$/)

W+$n !+$ ,+-4ial in=ri$4 in0li!$/ ar$ "0 a l$44 4$ri"4na!r$ an/ !+$ ,$r4"n r$4,"n4i#l$ !+$r$0"r ann"! #$

i/$n!i0i$/% all !+"4$ w+" a,,$ar !" +a.$ 4$/ an- .i"l$n$

,"n !+$ ,$r4"n "0 !+$ "00$n/$/ ,ar!- 4+all #$ ,ni4+$/ #-

arr$4!" ma-"r 0r"m 0i.$ !" 0i0!$$n /a-4)

Now ito, physical in*uries lang. "imilar to H<, hindi mo malaman

ngayon sino ang nag in!lict ng physical in*uries. "o here, Dall

those who appear to have used violence upon the person o! the

o!!ended party shall su!!er the penalty next lower in degree than

that provided !or the physical in*uries so in!licted.D "o those who

appear to have used violence shall be responsible.

"o yung second paragraph, yung less serious nature, ang

punishment is arresto mayor !rom !ive to !i!teen days. Wala

gihapon ko kasabot ana hangtod karon. Ngano man? 5nsa diay

ang arresto mayor? < month and < day to = months. &aano

naging arresto mayor yan? &wede mong sabihin ito ang giI

impose ng law. &ero giImenor dapat na. But when there is a

con!lict, the law will always prevail.

&roblema mo ngayon, less serious yan, paano kung slight? )big

sabihin diyan, hindi gilagay ang slight, walang penalty. "o the

intent is not to punish pag slight.

Ar!) 2(:) Gi.in6 a44i4!an$ !" 4ii/$) ? An- ,$r4"n w+"

4+all a44i4! an"!+$r !" "mmi! 4ii/$ 4+all 400$r !+$

,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n ma-"r@ i0 4+ ,$r4"n l$a/4 +i4

a44i4!an$ !" an"!+$r !" !+$ $8!$n! "0 /"in6 !+$ 5illin6

+im4$l0% +$ 4+all 400$r !+$ ,$nal!- "0 r$l4i"n !$m,"ral)

H"w$.$r% i0 !+$ 4ii/$ i4 n"! "n4mma!$/% !+$ ,$nal!- "0

arr$4!" ma-"r in i!4 m$/im an/ ma8imm ,$ri"/4% 4+all #$

im,"4$/)

)ts a crime to assist someone to commit suicide. But the person

himsel! who wants to commit suicide is not liable. Wala siyay

sala. &ero i! you assist, to the extent o! doing the killing, the

penalty is the same as homicide. #asi, gipatay mo pa rin siya.

&areho lang yan. #ung hindi yun ang extent, prision mayor.

And it does not matter who is the person giving assistance.

Because the law says any person.

Ar!) 2(') Di4+ar6$ "0 0ir$arm4) ? An- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all

4+""! a! an"!+$r wi!+ an- 0ir$arm 4+all 400$r !+$ ,$nal!- "0

,ri4i"n "rr$i"nal in i!4 minimm an/ m$/im ,$ri"/4%

nl$44 !+$ 0a!4 "0 !+$ a4$ ar$ 4+ !+a! !+$ a! an #$

+$l/ !" "n4!i!!$ 0r4!ra!$/ "r a!!$m,!$/ ,arrii/$% mr/$r%



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 (

+"mii/$ "r an- "!+$r rim$ 0"r w+i+ a +i6+$r ,$nal!- i4

,r$4ri#$/ #- an- "0 !+$ Ar!il$4 "0 !+i4 C"/$)

8ischarge, we talked about this already. %his should be without

intent to kill. Although it says you Dshoot at anotherD. "o unsa

man diay na? %apos walay intent to kill. #amo na lang sabot

kung kailan yang mangyari. )mong gipusil ang isa ka tao without

intent to kill.

"o lets go to Abortion.

Abortion, nasa loob pa, in!anticide, lumabas na.

Ar!) 2() In!$n!i"nal a#"r!i"n) ? An- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all

in!$n!i"nall- a4$ an

a#"r!i"n 4+all 400$r9

1) T+$ ,$nal!- "0 r$l4i"n !$m,"ral% i0 +$ 4+all 4$ an-

.i"l$n$ ,"n !+$ ,$r4"n "0 !+$ ,r$6nan! w"man)

2) T+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n ma-"r i0% wi!+"! 4in6 .i"l$n$%

+$ 4+all a! wi!+"! !+$ "n4$n! "0 !+$ w"man)

:) T+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n "rr$i"nal in i!4 m$/im an/

ma8imm ,$ri"/4% i0 !+$ w"man 4+all +a.$ "n4$n!$/)

Ar!) 2(<) nin!$n!i"nal a#"r!i"n) ? T+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n

"rr$i"nal in i!4

minimm an/ m$/im ,$ri"/ 4+all #$ im,"4$/ ,"n an-

,$r4"n w+" 4+all a4$ an a#"r!i"n #- .i"l$n$% #!

nin!$n!i"nall-)

When you say intentional, the intent really is to abort. %he

penalties there will di!!er.

%he usual case givenF %he husband in!licts violence on the wi!e

who is pregnant. %apos the wi!e dies and she was pregnant so

aborted. Anong crime yan? ou have to distinguish. #ung

talagang sinadya na magIin!lict ng violence para maIabort, iba

yun. 8oon ka sa intentional. 8ito, unintentional. But there is

violence in!licted on the wi!e, kaya lang yung abortion diyan is

unintentional. But you have the rule in complex crime wherein a

single act results in two or more grave or less grave !elonies. "o,

parricide and unintentional abortion.

Ar!) 2(3) A#"r!i"n ,ra!i$/ #- !+$ w"man +$r4$l0 "0 #- +$r

,ar$n!4) ? T+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n "rr$i"nal in i!4 m$/im

an/ ma8imm ,$ri"/4 4+all #$ im,"4$/ ,"n a w"man w+"

4+all ,ra!i$ a#"r!i"n ,"n +$r4$l0 "r 4+all "n4$n! !+a!

an- "!+$r ,$r4"n 4+"l/ /" 4")

An- w"man w+" 4+all "mmi! !+i4 "00$n4$ !" "n$al +$r

/i4+"n"r% 4+all 400$r !+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n "rr$i"nal in

i!4 minimm an/ m$/im ,$ri"/4)

I0 !+i4 rim$ #$ "mmi!!$/ #- !+$ ,ar$n!4 "0 !+$ ,r$6nan!

w"man "r $i!+$r "0 !+$m% an/ !+$- a! wi!+ !+$ "n4$n! "0

4ai/ w"man 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 "n$alin6 +$r /i4+"n"r% !+$

"00$n/$r4 4+all 400$r !+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n "rr$i"nal in

i!4 m$/im an/ ma8imm ,$ri"/4)

%ake note that the penalty is lower i! the crime is committed to

conceal the dishonor. 5sually ito nung unang panahon kasi dati

pag sabihin buntis ka tapos di kilala yung tatay, big deal yan. "o

some people resort to abortion. %he penalty is lower. )ncluded

diyan sa Article yung parents.

Ar!) 2&) R$4,"n4i#ili!- "0 ,ar!ii,an!4 in a /$l) ? T+$,$nal!- "0 r$l4i"n

!$m,"ral 4+all #$ im,"4$/ ,"n an- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all 5ill

+i4 a/.$r4ar- in a /$l)

I0 +$ 4+all in0li! ,"n !+$ la!!$r ,+-4ial in=ri$4 "nl-% +$

4+all 400$r !+$ ,$nal!- ,r".i/$/ !+$r$0"r% a"r/in6 !" !+$ir

na!r$)

In an- "!+$r a4$% !+$ "m#a!an!4 4+all 400$r !+$ ,$nal!- "0

arr$4!" ma-"r% al!+"6+ n" ,+-4ial in=ri$4 +a.$ #$$n

in0li!$/)

Now itong itong 8uel, ) dont think meron pang ma!ileIan niyan

ngayon. #asi a duel is a !ormal combat. 'ay mga ritual yan.

9ave you seen the movie Barry 4yndon? an ang duel. 2ount to

<, lakad kayo. %apos you choose your weapon. 'eron kang

mga alalay. /ormal yan. 'ga karaan yan.

Ar!) 21) C+all$n6in6 !" a /$l) ? T+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n

"rr$i"nal in i!4 minimm ,$ri"/ 4+all #$ im,"4$/ ,"n

an- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all +all$n6$ an"!+$r% "r ini!$ an"!+$r !"

6i.$ "r a$,! a +all$n6$ !" a /$l% "r 4+all 4"00 a! "r

/$r- an"!+$r ,#lil- 0"r +a.in6 r$04$/ !" a$,! a

+all$n6$ !" 0i6+! a /$l)

)ts also a crime to challenge someone to a duel. Also included is

Dto sco!! at or decry another publicly !or having re!used to accept

a challenge to !ight a duel.D Ano yan? Nanganchaw. )ngnan

nimog DWaa talawan7 >ichallenge sa duel, hadlok man.D

Criminal Law R$.i$w 0ctober $, <-

PHSICAL INRIESF the common perception o! people is that

there are $ kinds diba, serious, less serious and slight. 5nder

physical in*uries, 2hapter , the <st kind o! in*ury is actually

'5%)4A%)0N. What is 'utilation? 5nder =I any person who

shall intentionally mutilate another by depriving him either totally

or partially, o! some essential organ o! reproduction.

9ere, we have 2 5in/4 "0 MTILATIONF

<.J %he <st one is Ca4!ra!i"n* yan yung you deprive

somebody o! an essential organ o! reproduction. )! you

deprive somebody o! that, dili nah sya ordinary physical

in*uries, pinakaserious *ud nah..J Now the other is Ma-+$m. 8iba in 2astration is

essential organ, yung mayhem naman is AN 0%9E1

&A1% 0/ %9E B08 other than the essential organ o!

reproduction. %he limbs, arms, legs. %hat is mayhem

although it is also called mutilation.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2

Now, suppose during a !ight, the essential organ o! reproduction

is cut o!!. Naay samurai, naigoh ang essential organ. 5nsa man

iI!ile nimo? When you say mutilation, !+$ "#=$!% !+$ ,r,"4$%

!+$ in!$n! is to deprive the victim o! the essential organ o!

reproduction or in the case o! mayhem, to deprive the victim o!

any other part o! the body. %hat should be the intent to !all under

mutilation, because i! that is not the intent then it would !all under

the other physical in*uries. 9anapin na lang dun, maramingklaseng physical in*uries kasi.

Now, Article =$, eto na yung start nung physical in*uries that

many people know. )n =$ which is SERIOS PHSICAL

INRIES) )baIibang klase ito, ibaIiba ang penalty sa kind o!

in*ury in!licted. What is common here in all these kinds o!

physical in*uries is the mann$r "0 in0li!in6 the physical in*uries.

)! you look at the !irst part, yan yung manner.

Article =$. "erious physical in*uriesI Any person who shall

w"n/% #$a!% "r a44al! another shall be guilty o! the crime o!

physical in*uries.

Now, !+$ ,$nal!- w"l/ /$,$n/ "n !+$ 5in/ "0 in=r- !+a!

w"l/ #$ in0li!$/ in wounding, beating or assaulting the victim.

)n number one, prision mayor ang penalty i! in conse:uence, the

in*ured person shall become in4an$% im#$il$% im,"!$n!% "r

#lin/. "o, itKs really serious because gikulata nimo and the result

is nabuang, naging imbecile, naging im,"!$n! or naging blind,

nabuta. Now, how do you distinguish the impotency re!erred to

here !rom the mutilation or castration re!erred to by the previous

article? %he !irst would be yung )N%EN% nga. Anyway, letKs look

at impotency, ano ba ang impotency, hindi ito yung vitamins ha.

5nsa man ning impotency, how do you distinguish that !rom

castration? )n castration, putulin talaga, essential organ

gideprive. Ang impotency does not necessarily re!er to cutting or

kaponLkapun6. Alam niyo yung kapon? Now, ano yan? )s that

castration? Ano ang essential organ diyan !or reproduction? %he

BA44" or the %)NI%)N? MstudentF the balls7J the balls? Now it

would be castration. Now, anyway, we go back to impotency.

)mpotency is N0% NE2E""A1)4 removing or depriving,

because as long as you lose your POWER TO PROCREATE

yan ang impotency. #asi pwede mang makacopulate ka pa pero

kung makacopulate ka pa, pwede ka ring impotent pa rin

because you can no longer procreate. Now, when you say

#lin/n$44 pala, it should be TOTAL) 9indi yang isang mata or

naging blurry ang vision mo, dapat total blindness itong sa < st

paragraph.

Now, itong pangalawa Mre!erring to ng paragraph o! Art.=$J,

shall have lost the use o! speech or the power to hear or to smell

or shall have l"4! an $-$, a hand, a !oot, an arm or a leg, or

shall have lost the use o! any such member, "r shall have

become incapacitated !or the work in which he was habitually

engaged. %hatKs why in the <st paragraph, both eyes talaga, total,

kasi dito sa nd isang eye lang. %he term member is used to

describe the principal parts or principal members o! the body.

%ake note o! the word or6 which is dis*unctive. Now, itong

ginasabing work6, this really means vocation. 9indi ibig sabihin

na trabaho talaga, kaya nga may phrase na habitually engaged.

)n number $ Mo! Article =$J, the person in*ured shall have

become de!ormed or shall have l"4! an- ,ar! "0 +i4 #"/-, or

shall have lost the use thereo!. When you say any part o! the

body, it is 0%9E1 %9AN %9E &1)N2)&A4 'E'BE1" 0/ %9EB08 mentioned by paragraph . Ano man ang kasali sa

paragraph , yung mga arms, legs, ganyan.Ayaw apila ang ulo

ha kay kung wala na ulo, dili na mabuhi. Ano yung any part o! his

body other than the principal members? &wede na yung !ingers.

8oes this include the use o! the THMB? /inger man kaha nah

siya. &ero there is a case, "panish *urisprudence that i! it is the

thumb, it would !all under paragraph . #asi hindi ka na

makahawak niyan eh. )t is a very important principal member.

9indi ka na makatext diba.

)n the case o! 1eullo, itKs an old case, $< &hil -;-. Because, ang

labas nito, he was permanently disabled !rom per!orming his

customary work. "abi ng court, this is covered by paragraph

N0% paragraph $. Eto dito, yang 1eullo na yan, permanently

disabled siya so hindi na siya makaI!arm. "o pinasok siya sa

par. and the basis was "panish *urisprudence, a "panish case

o! a clerk su!!ering in*uries to his right hand which impaired the

!lexibility o! his !inger preventing him !rom per!orming his sworn

duties. Anyway, *ust take note o! that because usually pag

sinabing !ingers, they usually !all under paragraph $, but then itKs

not according to the case.

Now, merong gisample or gi:uestion si 8ean )nigo yung sa

under Art.-+. 8iba yung sa -+, nasurprise in the act o! sexual

intercourse. 5nya karon, instead o! killing or in!licting serious

physical in*uries, ang ginawa ng husband, anah siya dali diri,

putlon nato nah imong esssential organ !or reproduction. #aron

giI!ilan siya ug mutilation, sabi ng husbandI)Km claiming the

bene!it o! -+ because ) caught them in the act o! sexual

intercourse and ) in!licted physical in*uries. 5nya tanIawa ang

Art.-+, nakabutang diha, the o!!ender shall kill or in!lict serious

physical in*uries, walang sinabing '5%)4A%)0N. Anyway, yan

ang sinabi ni 8ean )nigo, he cannot avail o! the bene!its o! -+

because this is mutilation and not serious physical in*uries.

Actually ambot lang kung meron talagang case because you

could consider that na serious physical in*uries kay part man siya

dito na 2hapter. ust take note o! that.

Next is Mstill paragraph $J shall have been ill OR ina,ai!a!$/

!or the per!ormance o! the work in which he was habitually

engaged !or a period o! more than ( days6. Now, take note that

the word is or6, itKs dis*unctive. Either you are )44 "r

)N2A&A2)%A%E8, pwede yan mag!all under this paragraph. #asi

when you say ill, you need not be incapacitated to be ill. #asi

pwede ka maIill but you can still go to work. Basta )44 ka lang

because you are wounded, assaulted or beaten, meron kang

in*uries. %hat is illness but not necessarily incapacity. And ang



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 <

incapacity, unlike sa previous paragraph Mpar.J na permanent,

dito Mpar.$J !or a period o! more than ( days6. "o kung ang

incapacity mo is more than ( days 01 ang illness mo is more

than ( days, pasok ka dito sa paragraph $. "o eitherLor.

)n paragraph -, merong illness 01 incapacity !or labor, but this

time the period is more than $ days. "o more than $ up to (.

Eto namang next paragraph Mstill Art.=$J, eto yung tinatawag

na ALIFIED PHSICAL INRIES. )! the o!!ense shall have

been committed against any o! the persons enumerated in

Art.-= Myung would amount to parricide i! killedI !ather, mother,

child whether legitimate or illegitimate, or any o! his ascendants,

or descendants, or his spouseJ.

And take note o! that last paragraphF %he provisions o! the

preceding paragraph shall not be applicable to a parent who

shall in!lict in*uries upon his child by excessive chastisement6.

ou have to relate that to 1A +=<, naa didto ang mga acts

which are punished.

Also, ) !orgot to mentionF >oing back to the manner, diba

wounding, assaulting or beating. Now, although itKs not !ound

here in the article itsel!, please take note that < element !or

physical in*uries to be present is that ONE ELEMENT SHOLD

BE LACKING. &arang ganun, baliktad, because you have to

distinguish this !rom attempted homicide or !rustrated homicide.

What would be the distinction? #asi sometimes the in*ury would

be graver or more serious and it would !all under serious

physical in*uries. And sometimes the in*ury is not that serious

and it would !all under attempted homicide, na halos walang

in*ury but the crime is graver. What would be the determining

!actor? %he determining !actor would beI INTENT TO KILL !+i4

$l$m$n! 4+"l/ #$ la5in6 0"r ,+-4ial in=ri$4 !" #$

,r$4$n!) )! there is intent to kill, kahit na isang !inger lang diyan

ang natanggal, pero dahil there is intent to kill, that would be

attempted homicide, a graver o!!ense. %hen here comes, serious

physical in*uries, example natanggal ang kamay but there is N0

)N%EN% %0 #)44, that will not !all under attempted homicide, dito

ka lang sa serious physical in*uries. >ituyo tangItang ang tiil,

gituyo tangItang ang tintin, diri nah siya mahulog, dili sa

attempted homicide. 0! course, you have other evidence !or that,

to prove intent to kill, circumstances like the weapon used, asa

ka giigo, or the number o! wounds received.

Now, letKs go back pala. D$0"rmi!- actually re!ers to

dis!igurement. When you say de!ormed, parang nahiwi6, pero

itKs not necessary na nahiwi, this really means na there is.. 8iri

na lang ta sa : r$;ir$m$n!4 para klaroF 1) PHSICAL

GLINESSI diba when you say ugly, thatKs sub*ective diba. ) will

not !ile a case !or de!ormity because it is tantamount to saying

)Km ugly, bahala na mangita na lang kog lain nga paragraph diri,

haha. As to what constitutes ugliness, bahala mo dira. 2) ITS

SOMETHING PERMANENTI meaning it cannot be restored or

healed by nature. #ung nasumbagan ka, natangtang imong mga

ngipon, that cannot be restored. :) VISIBILIT OR ITS

CONSPICOSI in other words, i! the in*ury that you claim,

resulted in de!orming you or dis!igurement, hindi yan pwede

mag!all under de!ormity because it cannot be seen *ust by

anybody. "o lacking < re:uirement, it will not be de!ormity.

Now under Article =-, nakalagay diyan without intent to kill6.

Article =-. Administering injurious substances or beverages.%he penalties established by the next preceding

article shall be applicable to any person who, without intent to

kill, shall in!lict upon another any serious physical in*ury, by

knowingly administering to him any in*urious substances or

beverages or by taking advantage o! his weakness o! mind or

credulity.

Now, under Article =HI 4E"" "E1)05" &9")2A4 )N51)E".

%his seems to be a continuation o! serious physical in*uries. 8iba

ang serious kay $ to ( days. 8ito, the o!!ended party is

incapacitated !or labor !or 1& /a-4 "r m"r$. Now, take note o!

this, in serious physical in*uriesI )44NE"" 01 )N2A&A2)%. 8ito

M4ess seriousJ, may incapacity parin pero ang kapartner is OR

shall re:uire 'E8)2A4 A%%EN8AN2E !or the same period6.

When you say medical attendance, dapat nito A2%5A4, you are

receiving medical attendance !or that period.

%hen, meron ka na namang @5A4)/)E8I Mnd paragraphJ

whenever less serious physical in*uries shall have been in!licted

with the mani!est intent to insult or o!!end the in*ured person, or

under circumstances adding ignominy to the o!!ense..6 and also

this M$rd paragraphJ in!licted upon the o!!enderKs parents,

ascendants, guardians, curators, teachers, or persons o! rank, or

persons in authority6. 0! course, the article itsel! says, that the

re:uirement is that the assault upon these people should not

constitute direct assault. #asi i! the attack or wounding,etc.

would be such as to !all under direct assault, then doon ka sa

direct assault.

Article ==, "4)>9% &9")2A4 )N51)E". We see incapacity6

again !or < to ( days 01 shall re:uire medical attendance !or the

same period. Now, suppose you are not incapacitated and you

do not also re:uire medical attendance? "omebody beat you,

gikulata ka, but you are not incapacitated pero naay mga lakra

sa imong lawas because o! the in*ury, hindi ka rin nagpaImedical

attendance within < to ( days. Ngayon, more than $ days have

passed and thatKs the time you decided to !ile the case. %ake

note ha, you were not incapacitated and you did not re:uire

medical attendance, but the wounds were there all along and

now itKs the $<st day. #asi, more than $ days na, and hindi ka

man incapacitated B5% 05 WE1E )44 because o! the wounds.

an ang ibig sabihin nun. )44NE"" is N0% being e:uated to you

re:uiring medical attendance. "o in that case, although walang

"lightL4ess serious physical in*uries na maI!ile because nga you

were not incapacitated, you did not go to the doctor, on the $<st

day pwede ka nang mag!ile ng "E1)05" &9")2A4 )N51)E"

kasi doon ka na papasok sa illness because you were ill !or that




number o! days, atleast $< days. %hat is because medical

attendance is N0% 1E@5)1E8 is serious physical in*uries.

Now, ano tong illItreat another by deed without causing any

in*ury6 MArt.== $J. &wede ba yun? giIill treat mo na pero

walang in*ury. Ang example dito usually is sagpa6, diba walang

in*ury. 5nsa man ang in*ury anah? Ang imong pride, maulawan

ka lang.

)n relation to this, yung AN%)I9AO)N> 4AW, 1A ;-(. &areho

yan sa physical in*uries. Ang di!!erence actually is that the

penalties are increased substantially. "o i! you are given a

chance to !ile a case and it will !all under haCing, mas mataas

talaga sa haCing.

CRIMINAL LAW REVIEWOCTOBER 3% 2&1'TRANSCRIBED B9 ELA VELARDE

RAPE

REPBLIC ACT NO) 3:(:

AN A2% E&AN8)N> %9E 8E/)N)%)0N 0/ %9E 21)'E 0/1A&E, 1E24A"")/)N> %9E "A'E A" A 21)'E A>A)N"%&E1"0N", A'EN8)N> /01 %9E &51&0"E A2% N0.$;<H, A" A'EN8E8, 0%9E1W)"E #N0WN A" %9E1E3)"E8 &ENA4 208E, AN8 /01 0%9E1 &51&0"E".

Be it enacted by the "enate and 9ouse o! 1epresentatives o! the &hilippines in 2ongress assembledF

"ection <. "hort %itle. I %his Act shall be known as D%he AntiI1ape 4aw o! <((+.D

"ec. . 1ape as a 2rime Against &ersons. I %he crime o! rapeshall herea!ter be classi!ied as a 2rime Against &ersonsunder %itle Eight o! Act No. $;<H, as amended, otherwiseknown as the 1evised &enal 2ode. Accordingly, there shall beincorporated into %itle Eight o! the same 2ode a new chapter to be known as 2hapter %hree on 1ape, to read as !ollowsF

D2hapter %hree

D1ape

DArticle ==IA. 1apeF When And 9ow 2ommitted. I 1apeis committedF

D<J By a man who shall have carnal knowledge o! a womanunder any o! the !ollowing circumstancesF

DaJ %hrough !orce, threat, or intimidationG

DbJ When the o!!ended party is deprived o! reason or otherwise unconsciousG

DcJ By means o! !raudulent machination or grave abuse o! authorityG and

DdJ When the o!!ended party is under twelve M<J years o! age or is demented, even though none o! the circumstancesmentioned above be present.

DJ By any person who, under any o! the circumstancesmentioned in paragraph < hereo!, shall commit an act o! sexual assault by inserting his penis into another personsmouth or anal ori!ice, or any instrument or ob*ect, into the

genital or anal ori!ice o! another person.

DArticle ==IB. &enalty. I 1ape under paragraph < o! the nextpreceding article shall be punished by reclusion perpetua.

DWhenever the rape is committed with the use o! a deadlyweapon or by two or more persons, the penalty shall bereclusion perpetua to death.

DWhen by reason or on the occasion o! the rape, the victimhas become insane, the penalty shall become reclusionperpetua to death.

DWhen the rape is attempted and a homicide is committed byreason or on the occasion thereo!, the penalty shall bereclusion perpetua to death.

DWhen by reason or on the occasion o!the rape, homicide iscommitted, the penalty shall be death.

D%he death penalty shall also be imposed i! the crime o! rapeis committed with any o! the !ollowing aggravatingL:uali!ying

circumstancesF

DlJ When the victim is under eighteen M<;J years o! age andthe o!!ender is a parent, ascendant, stepIparent, guardian,relative by consanguinity or a!!inity within the third civildegree, or the commonIlaw spouse o! the parent o! the victimG

DJ When the victim is under the custody o! the police or military authorities or any law en!orcement or penal institutionG

D$J When the rape is committed in !ull view o! the spouse,parent, any o! the children or other relatives within the thirdcivil degree o! consanguinityG

D-J When the victim is a religious engaged in legitimatereligious vocation or calling and is personally known to besuch by the o!!ender be!ore or at the time o! the commissiono! the crimeG

DHJ When the victim is a child below seven M+J years oldG

D=J When the o!!ender knows that he is a!!licted with the9uman )mmunoI8e!iciency 3irus M9)3JLAc:uired )mmune8e!iciency "yndrome MA)8"J or any other sexuallytransmissible disease and the virus or disease is transmittedto the victimG

D+J When committed by any member o! the Armed /orces o! the &hilippines or paraImilitary units thereo! or the &hilippineNational &olice or any law en!orcement agency or penalinstitution, when the o!!ender took advantage o! his position to!acilitate the commission o! the crimeG

D;J When by reason or on the occasion o! the rape, the victimhas su!!ered permanent physical mutilation or disabilityG

D(J When the o!!ender knew o! the pregnancy o! the o!!endedparty at the time o! the commission o! the crimeG and

D<J When the o!!ender knew o! the mental disability,emotional disorder andLor physical handicap o! the o!!endedparty at the time o! the commission o! the crime.

D1ape under paragraph o! the next preceding article shallbe punished by prision mayor.

DWhenever the rape is committed with the use o! a deadlyweapon or by two or more persons, the penalty shall beprision mayor to reclusion temporal.

DWhen by reason or on the occasion o! the rape, the victim



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 >

has become insane, the penalty shall be reclusion temporal.

DWhen the rape is attempted and a homicide is committed byreason or on the occasion thereo!, the penalty shall bereclusion temporal to reclusion perpetua.

DWhen by reason or on the occasion o!the rape, homicide iscommitted, the penalty shall be recluion perpetua.

D1eclusion temporal shall be imposed i! the rape is committedwith any o! the ten aggravatingL :uali!ying circumstancesmentioned in this article.

DArticle ==I2. E!!ect o! &ardon. I %he subse:uent validmarriage between the o!!ended party shall extinguish thecriminal action or the penalty imposed.

D)n case it is the legal husband who is the o!!ender, thesubse:uent !orgiveness by the wi!e as the o!!ended partyshall extinguish the criminal action or the penaltyF &rovided,%hat the crime shall not be extinguished or the penalty shallnot be abated i! the marriage is void ab initio.

DArticle ==I8. &resumptions. I Any physical overt actmani!esting resistance against the act o! rape in any degree!rom the o!!ended party, or where the o!!ended party is sosituated as to render herLhim incapable o! giving validconsent, may be accepted as evidence in the prosecution o! the acts punished under Article ==IA.D

"ec. $. "eparability 2lause. I )! any part, "ec., or provision o! this Act is declared invalid or unconstitutional, the other partsthereo! not a!!ected thereby shall remain valid.

"ec. -. 1epealing 2lause. I Article $$= o! Act No. $;<H, asamended, and all laws, acts, presidential decrees, executive

orders, administrative orders, rules and regulationsinconsistent with or contrary to the provisions o! this Act aredeemed amended, modi!ied or repealed accordingly.

"ec. H. E!!ectivity. I %his Act shall take e!!ect !i!teen M<HJ daysa!ter completion o! its publication in two MJ newspapers o! general circulation.

What is rape? )t used to be a crime against chastity. %hen camethe law on rape where it made it a crime against persons. Article==IA. e!!ectively, it was taken out as a crime against chastity toa crime against persons. )t is taken out o! those crimes whichcannot be prosecuted de oficio. Anglabasnyan is it can be

prosecuted de oficio, meaning it does not need the complaint o! the private o!!ended party. #asidiba i! you remember that privatecrimes can only be prosecuted upon the instance o! the o!!endedparty. But now, since it is already a crime against persons,apparently the complaint can be instituted even i! it is not at theinstance o! the private o!!ended party.

1ape is basically sexual intercourse without consent. %hat is theessence o! rape because there is no problem with sexualintercourse itsel!. 4ami man nasya. then, why is it crime?Because the sexual intercourse itsel! is not a crime, it becomes acrime i! you !orce itG i! there is no consent. "o dapatyes67 ouwant to establish clearly that there was no consent.

8ati, in the concept o! rape, the o!!ender could only be a maleand the victim can only be a !emale. But then this new law onrape M1A ;$H$J, there are kinds o! rape now.

<. 1ape by sexual intercourse

• “By a man who shall have carnal knowledge of

a woman under any of the following circumstances: x xx”

. 1ape by sexual assault

• “By any person who, under any of the

circumstances mentioned in paragraph hereof, shall commit an act of sexual assault x

xx”

And i! you notice that the second kind o! rape M1ape by sexualassaultJ the o!!ender is any person. Ang !irst kind Mrape by sexualintercourseJ yanyungdatiF by a man who shall have carnalknowledge with a woman.6 %hat is basically the old concept o! rape.

Now, the 2)125'"%AN2E" are what make it rape.

“a) Through force, threat, or intimidation;

When you !orce a woman or you threaten a woman, or intimidate a woman. )t is also basi and laid down in *urisprudencethat the !orce, threat or intimidation depends on the case. %hereis no hard an!d !ast rule there na kung anongklaseng !orce,threat or intimidation bayan. )t depends i! there is a relationshipbetween the parties. 5sually, i! there is a relationship betweenthe parties, lesser ang violence, threat opr intimidation isre:uired to make it rape kasimeron man ascendancy, etc yangmgaganyan. Especially i! anakyan, then, the !orce re:uired islesser.

&eople vs. PPPPF %he woman need not bite, kick, slap or scratchthe o!!ender with her nails to success!ully claim that she hadbeen raped. )t is enough that intercourse was undertakenagainst her will. )t is su!!icient that there was carnal knowledge

a!ter the woman gave in because o! the real !ear o! immediatedeath or any other bodily harm.

%here is this concept naibaIibaang reaction ng rape victim. %hereare some that sill really !ight while there are some that willbecome immobiliCed. %here are some victims who can no longer move because o! the !ear, etc. "o dependesyasaklase ngresistance, !orce or intimidation.

With respect to the STAGES. %he issue raised here is when canit be an attempt or when can it be considered as consummated.We all know that there is no !rustrated rape.

When is it consummated? )! there is penetration, then that isalready consummated already. &enetration is not measured by

inches or !ull penetration, hal!, Q or <LH lang. the slightestpenetration is su!!icient to consummate the rape. )t is notnecessary that there be !ull penetration. Bombardment o! thedraw bridge is evasion enough even i! the troops do not succeedin entering the castle.

'ere entry o! the lips or labia o! the !emale organ. Even withoutrupture o! the hymen. %hat is enough to convict the o!!ender !or consummate rape.

Another case naman. %he male member was very big. )t couldnot enter. >anunsyakalakiperohnditalagasyamakapasok. )s thatattempted or consummated?1emember that the slightest penetration is su!!icient. )n thatcase, syarowalaKynasulodbsaggamay?7 #alakiI

lakinyataposgi!orcemonaipasokkahitnahndinapasok. %herewould have been slight penetration kahitna dun sa outer lips langand that is su!!icient to consummate the case.

Another case, the de la &eRa case. "igesyaughirit,sigesyahiritperoangproblema is he could not get it up.>ikapoynlangsigurosya, iyanlanggi!ingeruggitilaItilaan.Nakontentonasyaato. &rosecutred and convicted sya !or statutory rape. &agIabotsa "2, the "2 said its true that theslightest penetration is enough to consummate the rape. But thatprinciple is premised upon the existence o! an erect penis. )nother words, there has to be an erection in order !or there to be apenetration. 0nce there is penetration, there is consummation.Erection S penetration T consummation. )! there is no erection,there can be no penetration. %here!ore, no penetrationInoconsummation.

P$",l$ .4) D$ la P$Ja

"ettled is the rule that !ull penetration o! the vaginal ori!ice isnot an essential ingredient in the commission o! the crime o! rape. %he mere touching o! the external genitalia by a peniscapable o! consummating the sexual act constitutes carnalknowledge. When accomplished together with the other elements de!ined in the 1evised &enal 2ode, the o!!enseconstitutes rape.9owever, our decisions !inding a case !or



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 1&

rape even i! the attackers penis merely touched the externalportions o! the !emale genitalia were made in the context o! the presence o! the existence o! an erectile penis capable o! !ull penetration. %he physiologic impossibility o! penetrationabsent an erectionIcomplete or otherwiseIcannot be gainsaid

%his is now a crime against person. Ang scenario ditos isphysiological impossibility. 2an we now connect that to Article -,

meaning impossible crime. 9indi yansyanaging impossible crimein the past. Why? Because crime against personUi! youremember ang impossible crime it could have been a crimeagainst persons or property were not !or the inherentimpossibility o! its accomplishment, etc. And now, rape is now acrime against person. )! you are saying that there is no erection,it would bheimpssible to penetrate. &wedenasyamagingimpossible crime. )t could have been a crime against person i! itwere not !or the inherent impossibility o! its accomplishment. Butanyway, *ust consider that when you study rape.

4etKs go back to the circumstances.

“!) "hen the offended party is depri#ed of reason or other$ise unconscious;

When you say deprived o! reason, unsa man na? buang?)nsane. %ake note o! the prevailing *urisprudence on this. Whenthe victim is insane or deprived o! reason, it is not an elementthat the o!!ender has knowledge o! the insanity or deprivation o! reason o! the o!!ended party. )! it turns outnanaaKybuangngananitsit psssttUsir, come here. er*ertayo sir,no strings attached.6 5gbuangnasya eh rape na7 rape is sexualassault without consent. 8ito eh sya pa ngaang nagIinvite eh.&aano man mangyariyanna rape na that was sexual intercourseupon invitation. 2an you raise that as a de!ense? No. 9indikailangannaalamnyana insane or depreived o! reason yunsya."impley because knowledge is not an element.

Etong otherwise unconscious,6 anoyansya? %ulog. )ts rapebecause the victim was asleep when sexual intercourse tookplace. M"ir talks about a movie he saw where the wi!e was rapedwhen she was asleep or hal! asleep. "he thought that the onehaving sex with her was her husband because the o!!ender didall the things that her husband used to do be!ore and during saidhusband would have sex with her. 9e !ollowed all the actionsand activities that led the wi!e to think that it was his husbandhaving sex with her while she was laying down in the bed andhal! asleep.J

2an the woman be unconscious while having sexualintercourse.&wdeba? )Km asking you. "igurokungpinaIinomka ngpampatulog. &erokungyung normal langnatulog ehdibamagisingka man tlgakapagmerongsumundotsaiyosalikod.

M9ahaJ

)! the victim is asleep or otherwise unconscious then it would berape. )to yungmga cases napinaIinom ng something or yungmgabeer pram aging drowsy. #asimerong case nasabi ng o!!ender na the victim was aware o! what was happening. es, she wasaware. But i! you take away their ability to resist, then, that is stillrape. )t is not really that the victim is unconscious. )t could bethat the ability to resist is taken away.

'erong case that was decided against the victim kasiangallegation dun is maypinaIinomdawsakanya so nagingunconscious or hal! conscioussya. But during the time shetesti!ied, she could clearly remember the chronology o! eventthat transpired when she was supposedly raped. &aano man yun

eh unconscious ka man kaya so paanomomaremember accurately lahat ng nagyari?7 "o it could be that you knew whatwas happening and you gave your consent.

“c) %y means of fraudulent machination or gra#e a!use of authority; and

#asikung grave abuse o! authority, dapatwalang consent parin.0therwise, that can be seduction, sexual intercoursenameronkang abuse o! authority.

“d) "hen the offended party is under t$el#e &'() years of age or is demented, e#en though none of the circumstancesmentioned a!o#e !e present.

%his is what you know as statutory rape. "ame ito dun sadeprivation o! reason because it does not matter i! there isconsent. Because the law presumes that the minor or girl under < is incapable o! giving consent. %hat is a given already.4egally, she could not give consent. 9ence, any act o! sexualintercourse with a minor under < is automatically rape becauseshe is legally incapable o! giving consent.

8emented. &arangbuang. &ero, based on *urisprudence, it ismore on !eebleImindedness.

“() %y any person $ho, under any of the circumstancesmentioned in paragraph ' hereof, shall commit an act of sexual assault !y inserting his penis into another personsmouth or anal orifice, or any instrument or o!ject, into thegenital or anal orifice of another person.

8ati, sexual ingtercourselangtalaga. Ngayon, blow*obapilnanisya. >ilubotapilna.or any instrument6 so kung penis angvagina eh < ka7 #ung penis and or anal ori!ice eh ka. %akenote na kung penis eh sa mouth, genital or anal ori!ice. But kung

instrument or ob*ect eh sa genital or anal lang.

Ano kaya itong any instrument or ob*ect6? well, anything7 'ayibanganasaging eh. &erodapatwala pa rin consent. But the:uestion really is what happens i! what is inserted is the !inger?2an it be considered an instrument? #asi when you talk aboutinstrument or ob*ect, it is inanimate. )s a !inger included, can it!all under instrument or ob*ect? urisprudence says E", it is anob*ect. %here!ore, i! you insert your !inger without the consent, itis rape. %hat leads us back to de la &eRa. Bakit attemptedyunnapinasoknya man yung !inger nya? Because the law onrape came a!ter kaya attempted sya. #asikungbe!oreyun ng dela &eRa eh pasoksya, it could be consummated and not merelyattempted.

&rinciples as to proo!F

<. %he testimony o! the victim, i! credible, is enough tosupport a conviction.

• #asi usually dibaang evidence sa rape is the

word o! the o!!ended party only. %his is a crimethat is not done publicly. )n most cases, theonly testimony you will have is the testimony o! the victim hersel!.

. %hat no decent /ilipino woman would publicly admithaving been a victim o! rape unless the charges weretrue.

• 'aramingnagaIob*ection dito. %his could have

been true a long time ago because, in thepast, angbabaengpilipina would not accuseanyone o! raping her kasinakakahiya man yanon her part. But then, this is *ust a principle. )tcan be overcome by evidence.

$. %he resulting !orceM?J need not be great but simplyirresistible under the circumstances.

• )t would depend on the parties, whether or not

there is a relationship !or example.

&rinciples in reviewing evidenceF

<. An accusation !or rape can be easily madeM?J.

• 'eaning it is very easy to accuse somebody o!

rape.

. )t is di!!icult to prove but it is more di!!icult to disprove.

• )t is more di!!icult !or the accused, although

innocent, to disprove it.

• )n view o! the intrinsic nature o! the crime o!

rape where there are only persons involved,the testimony o! the complainant must bescrutiniCed with extreme caution. %hatKs thereason.




$. %he evidence !or the prosecuition must stand or !all onits own merits. )t cannot be allowed to draw strength!rom the weakness o! the evidence o! the de!ense.

)s there such a thing as 'A1)%A4 1A&E? )! you look at Art. ==I2, it says that )n case it is the legal husband who is the o!!ender x xx.6 obviously, the husband can be the o!!ender. #asi in thepast, sinasabina there can be no marital rape. Why? Becausethe concept was..kasidiba we say that rape is basically sexualintercourse without consentUin the case o! spouses, theconsent was given when they said ) do6 to each other whichincluded the act o! sexual intercourse at any time. Walangrapex7 but now, pwedena under sa 26 where it says that )ncase it is the legal husband who is the o!!ender.6 %his means thatthere can be now a case !or marital rape.

Article ==I2. E!!ect o! &ardon. I %he subse:uent validmarriage between the o!!ended party shall extinguish thecriminal action or the penalty imposed.

DIn a4$ i! i4 !+$ l$6al +4#an/ w+" i4 !+$ "00$n/$r , thesubse:uent !orgiveness by the wi!e as the o!!ended partyshall extinguish the criminal action or the penaltyF &rovided,%hat the crime shall not be extinguished or the penalty shallnot be abated i! the marriage is void ab initio. x xx

%his article talks about pardon. the subse:uent !orgiveness bythe wi!e as the o!!ended party shall extinguish the criminal actionor the penalty.6 When you say pardon, it extinguishes criminalaction. &ardon will take care o! the remission as well as theextinction o! the criminal action.

%he subse:uent valid marriage between the o!!ended party shallextinguish the criminal action or the penalty imposed.6 %his is thesame rule as dun sa private crimes dba7

But what you should remember here is that this is one o! the

modes o! extinction o! criminal liability. But this does not apply incase o! multiple o!!enders. ou are an o!!ender because o! therape you committed. &erokungmarami kayo, you are also aprincipal !or the rapes committed by the others.

%here is this case nung mayor ng &alawan. "ancheC vs.8emetrio. Boy!riend girl!riend ito. >irapenyayung girl!riend.&agkataposnyanggirape,angkanyangmga buddy ehnangrapepudsagirl!iend. + silakabuok. A!ter nilamahuman kaygipataynila. %hey were charged with rape with homicide. /or mayor "ancheC kay + counts kasi you are also a principal !or theother rapes. 9iritsi mayor napaanodawnangyarina + counts o! rape with homicide na granting that she was raped + times butpinataysya + times? un anghiritnya.

"abi ng "2F Anyway, the homicide is considered as a constituentelement o! the crime o! rape with homicide. %he victim does notneed to die several times because itKs *ust a constituent o! thecrime o! rape with homicide. %he homicide committed on theoccasion or by reason o! each

San+$7 .4) D$m$!ri" N".$m#$r >% 1>>:

%he petitioner submits that the seven in!ormations chargingseven separate homicides are absurd because the twovictims in these cases could not have died seven times.

%his argument was correctly re!uted by the "olicitor >eneralin this wiseF

%hus, where there are two or more o!!enders who commitrape, the homicide committed on the occasion or by reason o! each rape, must be deemed as a constituent o! the specialcomplex crime o! rape with homicide. %here!ore, there will beas many crimes o! rape with homicide as there are rapescommitted.

)n e!!ect, the presence o! homicide :uali!ies the crime o! rape,thereby raising its penalty to the highest degree. %hus,homicide committed on the occasion or by reason o! rape,

loses its character as an independent o!!ense, but assumes anew character, and !unctions like a :uali!ying circumstance.9owever,by !iction o! law, it merged with rape to constitute anconstituent element o! a special complex crime o! rape withhomicide with a speci!ic penalty which is in the highestdegree, i.e. death Mreduced to reclusion perpetua with thesuspension o! the application o! the death penalty by the2onstitutionJ.

)t is clearly provided in 1ule << o! the 1ules o! 2ourt thatF

"ec. <$. 8uplicity o! o!!ense. A complaint or in!ormation mustcharge but one o!!ense, except only in those cases in whichexisting laws prescribe a simple punishment !or variouso!!enses.

1ape with homicide comes within the exception under 1.A.=$ and 1.A. -<<<, amending the 1evised &enal 2ode.

%he petitioner and his six coIaccused are not charged withonly one rape committed by him in conspiracy with the other six. Each one o! the seven accused is charged with havinghimsel! raped "armenta instead o! simply helping "ancheC incommitting only one rape. )n other words, the allegation o! theprosecution is that the girl was raped seven times, with eacho! the seven accused taking turns in abusing her with theassistance o! the other six. A!terwards, their lust satis!ied, allseven o! them decided to kill and thus silence "armenta.

Every one o! the seven accused is being charged separately!or actually raping "armenta and later killing her instead o! merely assisting the petitioner in raping and then slaying her.%he separate in!ormations !iled against each o! them allegethat each o! the seven successive rapes is complexed by thesubse:uent slaying o! "armenta and aggravated by the killingo! Allan >omeC by her seven attackers. %he separate rapeswere committed in succession by the seven accused,

culminating in the slaying o! "armenta.

)t is o! course absurd to suggest that 'ary Eileen "armentaand Allan >omeC were killed seven times, but thein!ormations do not make such a suggestion. )t is thepetitioner who does so and is thus hoist by his own petard.

4et us now go to &ENA4%. Article ==IB.

“"hene#er the rape is committed $ith the use of a deadly $eapon or !y t$o or more persons, the penalty shall !ereclusion perpetua to death.

"hen !y reason or on the occasion of the rape, the #ictimhas !ecome insane, the penalty shall !ecome reclusion

perpetua to death.

"hen the rape is attempted and a homicide is committed !y reason or on the occasion thereof, the penalty shall !ereclusion perpetua to death. M"o walanang !rustratedJ

*"hen !y reason or on the occasion ofthe rape, homicide iscommitted, the penalty shall !e death.

)t does not matter how the homicide occurs or how the homicideresults. )! the homicide result because o! the rape or on theoccasion o! the rape, it does not matter. )t is a special complexcrime under ==IB.

“The death penalty shall also !e imposed if the crime of rape is committed $ith any of the follo$ing aggra#ating+ualifying circumstances-

l) "hen the #ictim is under eighteen &') years of age and the offender is a parent, ascendant, step/parent, guardian,relati#e !y consanguinity or affinity $ithin the third ci#il degree, or the common/la$ spouse of the parent of the#ictim;

ust be !amiliar with these relatives who are the o!!enders. %hen,the penalty is mandatory death.




)n the case o! &eople vs. Atop, the victim is the granddaughter o! the accusedKs commonIlaw spouse. )s their relationship:uali!ying?

P$",l$ .4) A!", 23 SCRA 1(<

Neither can we appreciate relationship as an aggravatingcircumstance. %he scope o! relationship as de!ined by law

encompasses M<J the spouse, MJ an ascendant, M$J adescendant, M-J a legitimate, natural or adopted brother or sister, or MHJ a relative by a!!inity in the same degree.1elationship by a!!inity re!ers to a relation by virtue o! a legalbond such as marriage. 1elatives by a!!inity there!ore arethose commonly re!erred to as inIlaws,6 or step!ather,stepmother, stepchild and the likeG in contrast to relatives byconsanguinity or blood relatives encompassed under thesecond, third and !ourth enumeration above. %he law cannotbe stretched to include persons attached by commonIlawrelations. 9ere, there is no blood relationship or legal bondthat links the appellant to his victim. %hus, the modi!yingcircumstance o! relationship cannot be considered againsthim.

'erongcommonIlaw relation peroyung spouse. 8itto sa case kaygranddaughter man ng accusedKs commonIlaw spouse.

Another case. )n &eople vs. 8eleverio, the accused is the stepIgrandparent o! the victim. >anun din. AngsabisihindikasamaangstepIgrandparent.

P$",l$ .4) D$l$.$ri" 23> SCRA ('<

%he mandatory death penalty is imposed under the !irst case,immediately above, when the victim is under eighteen years

o! age and the o!!ender is Da parent, ascendant, step parent,guardian, relative by consanguinity or a!!inity within the thirdcivil degree, or the commonIlaw spouse o! the parent o! thevictim.D %he trial court has thus held incorrectly in consideringappellant, who is legally married to 1oxanKs naturalgrandmother, as among those named in the enumeration.

Appellant is merely a stepIgrandparent who obviously isneither an DascendantD nor a DstepIparentD o! the victim. )nthe recent case o! &eople vs. Atop, the 2ourt re*ected theapplication o! the mandatory death penalty to the rape o! a<Iyear old victim by the commonIlaw husband o! the girlsgrandmother. %he 2ourt saidF

D)t is a basic rule o! statutory construction that penal statutesare to be liberally construed in !avor o! the accused. 2ourtsmust not bring cases within the provision o! a law which arenot clearly embraced by it. No act can be pronouncedcriminal which is not clearly made so by statuteG so, too, noperson who is not clearly within the terms o! a statute can bebrought within them. Any reasonable doubt must be resolvedin !avor o! the accused.D

() "hen the #ictim is under the custody of the police or military authorities or any la$ enforcement or penal institution;

0) "hen the rape is committed in full #ie$ of the spouse,

parent, any of the children or other relati#es $ithin the third ci#il degree of consanguinity;

1) "hen the #ictim is a religious engaged in legitimatereligious #ocation or calling and is personally 2no$n to !esuch !y the offender !efore or at the time of thecommission of the crime;

%his time, the o!!ender has to have knowledge that the victim is areligious.

3) "hen the #ictim is a child !elo$ se#en &4) years old;

)bayung below < kasi statutory rape yun.)tong below +, itoyung:uali!ied.

5) "hen the offender 2no$s that he is afflicted $ith the6uman Immuno/Deficiency 7irus &6I7)+8cuired ImmuneDeficiency 9yndrome &8ID9) or any other sexually transmissi!le disease and the #irus or disease istransmitted to the #ictim;

"o kasaliyungmga ordinary "%8s.

4) "hen committed !y any mem!er of the 8rmed :orces of the Philippines or para/military units thereof or thePhilippine ational Police or any la$ enforcement agency or

penal institution, $hen the offender too2 ad#antage of his position to facilitate the commission of the crime;

) "hen !y reason or on the occasion of the rape, the #ictimhas suffered permanent physical mutilation or disa!ility;

<) "hen the offender 2ne$ of the pregnancy of the offended party at the time of the commission of the crime; and

#nowledge here is important with respect to the victim beingpregnant.

'=) "hen the offender 2ne$ of the mental disa!ility,emotional disorder and+or physical handicap of theoffended party at the time of the commission of the crime.

#nowledge here also.

Now, Article ==I8.

“8rticle (55/D. Presumptions. / 8ny physical o#ert act manifesting resistance against the act of rape in any degreefrom the offended party, or $here the offended party is sosituated as to render her+him incapa!le of gi#ing #alid consent, may !e accepted as e#idence in the prosecution of the acts punished under 8rticle (55/8.*

"o it is really a case to case basis.

OCTOBER > Crim

"erious )llegal detention

Article =+, it says there kidnapping6 , but this article hasnothing to do with kids. #aya sa =+ gilagay*anna and seriousillegal detention6. "o when you say =+, that re!ers to seriousillegal detention. "o kung may serious meron ding hindi serious

V slight Mbut there is nothing slight about slight illegal detentionbecause the penalty is a grave penalty neverthelessJ.

%itle ( is crimes against liberty, which is divided into . 2rimesagainst personal liberty and crimes against personal security.

When you say illegal detention it *ust means that you detainanother or you restrain the !reedom o! another. As to when theyare serious and when they are slight, you have to look at thecircumstances under =+. )! they are present, then it is serious.5i/na, "r /$!ain an"!+$r% "r in an- "!+$r mann$r /$,ri.$+im "0 +i4 li#$r!- V so it is not necessary that you chainsomebody or handcu!!s. %hat includes the restriction o! !reedom.%here are cases where the victims was allowed to roam thehouse or even patisa yard. %he "2 said that still consists o! deprivation o! liberty. )! all the other elements are present itwould still constitute serious illegal detention. %here was a casewhere the child was allowed to do *ust that, perokasi he didnKt

know how to go home. "o the "2 ruled that that is serious illegaldetention.

)t will be serious i!U 1) I0 !+$ 5i/na,,in6 "r /$!$n!i"n 4+all+a.$ la4!$/ m"r$ !+an : /a-4)2) I0 i! 4+all +a.$ #$$n"mmi!!$/ 4imla!in6 ,#li a!+"ri!-) 'eaning you pretendto be a police o!!icer, you usurp the position o! a public o!!icer.%his would :uali!y to make the crime serious. ust take note o! these circumstancesF:) I0 an- 4$ri"4 ,+-4ial in=ri$4 4+all+a.$ #$$n in0li!$/ ,"n !+$ ,$r4"n 5i/na,,$/ "r /$!ain$/@"r i0 !+r$a!4 !" 5ill +im 4+all +a.$ #$$n ma/$)') I0 !+$ ,$r4"n5i/na,,$/ "r /$!ain$/ 4+all #$ a min"r% $8$,! w+$n !+$



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 1:

a4$/ i4 an- "0 !+$ ,ar$n!4% 0$mal$ "r a ,#li "00i$r)"o i! you kidnap a public o!!icer, it becomes serious illegal detention.

What you have to remember here this next paragraphF T+$,$nal!- 4+all #$ /$a!+ w+$r$ !+$ 5i/na,,in6 "r /$!$n!i"nwa4 "mmi!!$/ 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 $8!"r!in6 ran4"m 0r"m !+$.i!im "r an- "!+$r ,$r4"n% $.$n i0 n"n$ "0 !+$irm4!an$4 a#".$*m$n!i"n$/ w$r$ ,r$4$n! in !+$"mmi44i"n "0 !+$ "00$n4$) "o the penalty there is mandatory,death, i! it is !or the purpose o! extorting or obtaining ransom. "otake note ha na0"r !+$ ,r,"4$, meaning even i! you were notsuccess!ul in getting ransom. )! the purpose is !or ransom,mandatory death nayan. %he ransom is not re:uired to bedemanded !rom the victim only, you can demand it !rom anyother person also. %his is true $.$n i0 n"n$ "0 !+$irm4!an$4 a#".$*m$n!i"n$/ w$r$ ,r$4$n!) "okahitnawalayung $ days, yung simulating public authority etc. themoment you detain a person illegally !or the purpose o! obtainingransomU

ung mas anoditoyungU composite crime, special complexcrime, w+$r$ !+$ .i!im i4 5ill$/ "r /i$4 a4 a "n4$;$n$ "0 !+$ /$!$n!i"n "r i4 ra,$/, so you have there "erious illegal8etention with 9omicideL'urder6 or "erious )llegal 8etentionwith 1ape6 "r i4 4#=$!$/ !" !"r!r$ "r /$+mani7in6 a!4%

!+$ ma8imm ,$nal!- 4+all #$ im,"4$/) "o in the past thereused to be a controversy here, because be!ore 1A +=H(, whenthe victim is killed or dies while in detention minsanang ruling isseparate crime xa I #idnappingLserious illegal detention or murder thru serious illegal detention or serious illegal detentionwith murder I parangganyan, ginawang complex ba. "ometimesits complex sometimes its separate. Now, because o! this, theychanged it to w+$r$ !+$ .i!im i4 5ill$/ "r /i$4so you need nothave an intent to kill. #ung pinataykasinabadripkasiwalangransom, yan special complex crime.&erokungnamataylangxadun, walanamanxagiano, ginapakain, peronikiriglangxagkalit,unyakaygidetainnimo, maolanggihapon, special complex crime V"r /i$4 a4 a "n4$;$n$.1emember also that the detention must be the primary ob*ective.Because in certain crimes, detention is necessary although it is

temporary, like i! you want to kill somebody, you take him !romhis house MthatKs detentionJ, and you take him somewhere elseand you kill him. /or example robbery where the robber saystaasangkamaytaposbirahonkadidto, that is detaining somebody,that is restraining, yet that does not constitute a separate o!!ense

V the temporary detention.

9ow do you distinguish this !rom A1B)%1A1? Ang arbitrary Vcrime against the !undamental laws o! the state, the o!!ender there is a public o!!icer. 8ito the o!!ender is a private individual,or pwede din a public o!!icer when it is not part o! his duty toarrest or detain people because that would !all under the crimeagainst personal liberty.

>oing back to ransom, what is a ransom? )t is the money, price,

or consideration paid or demanded !or the redemption o! thecaptured personLs. %he payment that releases !rom captivity. Ademand or receipt o! money as a prere:uisite !or releasing aperson !rom captivity whatever motive they intended to do so, itis still ransom.

• && vs#apiranM?J V where the purpose o! the detention

was to compel the payment o! the hospitaliCation

expenses o! the brother o! one o! the accused. %hat is

still ransom.

• 1ayon M?J <+ scra $$- V a woman was detained !or

days to compel her to sign a promissory note. ou

should be care!ul about this class ha, i! you say

compel6 you should also relate that to coercion

because coercion is also compelling somebody. )! you

compel somebody to stay, diba that is illegal detention?

"o asa man ka? sa coercion or sa illegal detention? )t is

con!using sometimes. %ake note naang detention is

basicallyU detention, illegal ngalang, you donKt have

the authority to detain. ang ransom etc, purpose nay

an, that will a!!ect the penalty. As to the crime itsel!,

yunlangyun, you detain without the authority to detain.

2oercion naman, youre!orcing somebody to do

something or not to do something. We will go to that

later. When you say illegal detention, yunlang, you

detain somebody or in any manner deprive him o! his

liberty or his !reedom.

Also be care!ul about yung - $8$,! w+$n !+$ a4$/ i4 an-"0 !+$ ,ar$n!4, kasi i! the accused is any o! the parents, it willnot !all here. "o etotalagayung kidnapping because it involves aminor. &erokunganak, hindidito. 5sually that happens kung mayaway nasa custody, meronnang 9abeas 2orpus. ou cannottreat that as serious illegal detention under this article Mits in asubse:uent article we will discuss laterJ

"light illegal detention

4ets go to slight. "o as ) said ang slight, is not really slightbecause ang penalty is grave or a!!lictive penalty V reclusiontemporal. T+$ ,$nal!- "0 r$l4i"n !$m,"ral 4+all #$im,"4$/ ,"n an- ,ri.a!$ in/i.i/al w+" 4+all "mmi! !+$rim$4 /$4ri#$/ in !+$ n$8! ,r$$/in6 ar!il$ wi!+"! !+$a!!$n/an$ "0 an- "0 irm4!an$4 $nm$ra!$/ !+$r$in) "omeaning the detention did not last !or more than $ days, thedetention was made without simulating public authority etc. thenit will be slight illegal detention. But again be care!ul here kasi !or example you detain somebody !or the purpose o! extortingransom, now a!ter days napulIannasiguroang kidnapper saimuha, sigiulinalangka7 maramina man akongpera76 paaak7

9ahaha7 &inauwikangayon."erious illegal detention parinyan,because the purpose was to extort ransom which means it istaken away !rom the coverage o! slight. "o pag !or ransom, kahita!ter < day pinauwikana, art =+ parinyan.T+$ 4am$ ,$nal!- 4+all #$ inrr$/ #- an-"n$ w+" 4+all0rni4+ !+$ ,la$ 0"r !+$ ,$r,$!ra!i"n "0 !+$ rim$) "o samepenalty, ang example dito usually is where the act o! the principalas well as the accomplice are penaliCed in the same degree."ame penalty, meaning, the penalty !or the principal is the samepenalty !or an-"n$ w+" 4+all 0rni4+ !+$ ,la$ 0"r !+$,$r,$!ra!i"n "0 !+$ rim$ usually the person who does that,when you cooperate in the commission o! the o!!ense by asimultaneous or previous act, is an accomplice. But here the lawitsel! says that the penalty !or you, although the act is that o! anaccomplice, is the same with the penalty o! a principal !or slightillegal detention.

I0 !+$ "00$n/$r 4+all ."ln!aril- r$l$a4$ !+$ ,$r4"n 4"5i/na,,$/ "r /$!ain$/ wi!+in !+r$$ /a-4 0r"m !+$"mm$n$m$n! "0 !+$ /$!$n!i"n% wi!+"! +a.in6 a!!ain$/!+$ ,r,"4$ in!$n/$/% an/ #$0"r$ !+$ in4!i!!i"n "0 riminal,r"$$/in64 Mmeaning there is already a case against youJa6ain4! +im% !+$ ,$nal!- 4+all #$ ,ri4i"n ma-"r in i!4minimm an/ m$/im ,$ri"/4 an/ a 0in$ n"! $8$$/in64$.$n +n/r$/ ,$4"4) Anglabasnito, in e!!ect its like aprivileged mitigating there!ore the penalty goes down to prisionmayor. )! there is already a case against you, sorry nalang, youllhave be considered as privileged mitigating circumstance. %akenote also that this does not apply even i! wi!+"! +a.in6

a!!ain$/ !+$ ,r,"4$ in!$n/$/% an/ #$0"r$ !+$ in4!i!!i"n "0 riminal ,r"$$/in64i! you detain somebody !or the purpose o! extorting ransom.

5nlaw!ul arrest

an- ,$r4"n w+"% in an- a4$ "!+$r !+an !+"4$ a!+"ri7$/ #-law% "r wi!+"! r$a4"na#l$ 6r"n/ !+$r$0"r% 4+all arr$4! "r /$!ain an"!+$r 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 /$li.$rin6 +im !" !+$,r",$r a!+"ri!i$4)

Etoyungkay Bong Navarro. >i arrest nila to deliver to the proper authorities kungbagacitiCens arrest. )t will be unlaw!ul i! it will not!all under citiCens arrest, in other words, you are not authoriCedto arrest the victim under the law. "imilarly, this may apply to

public o!!icers in as !ar as those who are not authoriCed to arrest.

#idnapping and !ailure to return a minor

Etonangayonang kidnapping because it involves kids. What youwant to remember here is that the crime is not the detention. %hecrime is the !ailure to return. an- ,$r4"n w+"% #$in6 $n!r4!$/wi!+ !+$ 4!"/-"0 a min"r ,$r4"n% 4+all /$li#$ra!$l- 0ail !"r$4!"r$ !+$ la!!$r !" +i4 ,ar$n!4 "r 6ar/ian4)kasinasakanyaang minor, it becomes a crimebecause he deliberately !ailed to deliver the minor to his parentsor guardians. "o dapatnasakanya, hindilangnya gusto ibalik.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 1'

"o those are the elements F <J that the person is entrusted withthe custody o! a minor person J and he deliberately !ails torestore the latter to his parents or guardians.

When you say deliberate V well advised, care!ully considered,not sudden or rushed. Bastakaydeliberate,gituyo. %he re!usalmust be deliberate and persistent to oblige the parent or theguardians to seek the aid o! the courts to obtain the custody o! the minor.

&pvs %y V the word deliberate as used in the article

must imply something more than mere negligenceG it

must be premeditated, obstinate, headstrong, !oolishly

daring or intentionally and maliciously wrong.

)nducing a minor to abandon his home

"a title pa langalammonaang crime. ,"n an-"n$ w+" 4+allin/$ a min"r !" a#an/"n !+$ +"m$ "0 +i4 ,ar$n! "r 6ar/ian4 "r !+$ ,$r4"n4 $n!r4!$/ wi!+ +i4 4!"/-)"aatopa imonggigalgalngalayas. %ake note that the motive here is notmaterial. Walangsinabi about sa motive, bastakaygi induce. 0! course, because this is a !elony, it must be intentional, committedwith doloLmalice.

%he penalty is lower i!U I0 !+$ ,$r4"n "mmi!!in6 an- "0 !+$rim$4 ".$r$/ #- !+$ !w" ,r$$/in6 ar!il$4 4+all #$ !+$0a!+$r "r !+$ m"!+$r Mhindi B0%9 haJ "0 !+$ min"r% !+$ ,$nal!-4+all #$ arr$4!" ma-"r "r a 0in$ n"! $8$$/in6 !+r$$+n/r$/ ,$4"4% "r #"!+)

"4A3E1

,"n an-"n$ w+" 4+all ,r+a4$% 4$ll% 5i/na, "r /$!ain Msoparang illegal detentionJ a +man #$in6 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 $n4la.in6 +imMbut this time the purpose is to enslaveJ.I0 !+$ rim$ #$ "mmi!!$/ 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 a44i6nin6 !+$"00$n/$/ ,ar!- !" 4"m$ imm"ral !ra00i% !+$ ,$nal!- 4+all #$im,"4$/ in i!4 ma8imm ,$ri"/)Now take note ito, this willalso !all under %ra!!icking Mwell talk about that laterJ. %ra!!icking is

under a special law, and technically there is no con!lict, theelements are di!!erent.

Exploitation and "ervices 1enedered

Art +$ and +-, anoang di!!erence nyangdalawa? %ake note sa+$ this talks about utang eh. n/$r !+$ ,r$!$8! "0 r$im#r4in6 +im4$l0 "0 a /$#! inrr$/ #- an a4$n/an!%6ar/ian "r ,$r4"n $n!r4!$/ wi!+ !+$ 4!"/- "0 a min"r%4+all% a6ain4! !+$ la!!$r4 will% r$!ain +im in +i4 4$r.i$)"o theperson who is being exploited is the child. Angutangdiliutangsachild, utangsaa4$n/an! 6ar/ian "r ,$r4"n $n!r4!$/ wi!+!+$ 4!"/- "0 a min"r) And the o!!ender will detain the minor inhis service against the will o! the minor."o etoyung de!ense dun

nisugot man76

"o etongsa +- were talking about here about the utangdiba.Etodito, the o!!ender is the creditor and the o!!ended party whoworks !or him is the one who has the debt. an- ,$r4"n w+"%4+all "m,$l !+$ /$#!"r !" w"r5 0"r +im% a6ain4! +i4 will% a4+"4$+"l/ 4$r.an! "r 0arm la#"r$r) And the purpose isFin"r/$r !" r$;ir$ "r $n0"r$ !+$ ,a-m$n! "0 a /$#! . )n other words, i! walay relationship o! debtor creditor, dilinaxapwdediri.

21)'E" A>A)N"% "E251)%

Abandonment o! person in danger and abandonment o! onesown victim

8itoang cases na 9it and 1un I abandonment o! ones ownvictim.

1) An- "n$ w+" 4+all 0ail !" r$n/$r a44i4!an$ !" an-

,$r4"n w+"m +$ 4+all 0in/ in an nin+a#i!$/ ,la$

w"n/$/ "r in /an6$r "0 /-in6% w+$n +$ an r$n/$r

4+ a44i4!an$ Myou have to help7 0! course i! UJ

wi!+"! /$!rim$n! !" +im4$l0% nl$44 4+ "mi44i"n

4+all "n4!i!!$ a m"r$ 4$ri"4 "00$n4$)2) An-"n$ w+" 4+all 0ail !" +$l, "r r$n/$r a44i4!an$

!" an"!+$r w+"m +$ +a4 ai/$n!all- w"n/$/ "r

in=r$/)Etoyung hit and run.

:) An-"n$ w+"% +a.in6 0"n/ an a#an/"n$/ +il/

n/$r 4$.$n -$ar4 "0 a6$% 4+all 0ail !" /$li.$r 4ai/

+il/ !" !+$ a!+"ri!i$4 "r !" +i4 0amil-% "r 4+all 0ail

!" !a5$ +im !" a 4a0$ ,la$)

ust take note that prosecution under this article is not a bar !or the prosecution o! the :uasiIo!!ense. 1eckless imprudence etc.

Abandoning a minor

#ung sabihinmong minor,hanapanmonalangkungsaanxamahulogdito7Actuallykadamingkailanganiconsider, child abuse etc, child and youthwel!are code. "o sometimes magulonga7 #ung saantalaga mag!all ba. %here!ore hindikonamaxado tong iano Miano sir?79aha.#apoyna.J ust know that kung minors pwededito,pwede din sa +=< or the child and youth wel!are code.'abuangmosa speci!ics.

What am ) saying? All these laws, you *ust have to read them

Abandonment o! minor by person entrusted with his custodyGindi!!erence o! parents

++ ,"n !+$ ,ar$n!4 w+" 4+all n$6l$! !+$ir +il/r$n #- n"!

6i.in6 !+$m !+$ $/a!i"n w+i+ !+$ir 4!a!i"n in li0$ r$;ir$an/ 0inanial "n/i!i"n4 ,$rmi!)Naapudnisa special law. )! bataka and you are not given an education, that is a crime.

Exploitation o! minors

Etobasahinnyonalangkasimga circus circuseto e.

1) An- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all a4$ an- #"- "r 6irl n/$r 4i8!$$n-$ar4 "0 a6$ !" ,$r0"rm an- /an6$r"4 0$a! "0 #alanin6%,+-4ial 4!r$n6!+% "r "n!"r!i"n)"o bakitmeron paringmgaganon?'eronyang permit and age re:uirement.

2) An- ,$r4"n w+"% #$in6 an ar"#a!% 6-mna4!% r",$*wal5$r%

/i.$r% wil/*animal !am$r "r ir4 mana6$r "r $n6a6$/ in a4imilar allin6% 4+all $m,l"- in $8+i#i!i"n4 "0 !+$4$ 5in/4+il/r$n n/$r 4i8!$$n -$ar4 "0 a6$ w+" ar$ n"! +i4 +il/r$n"r /$4$n/an!4)

:) An- ,$r4"n $n6a6$/ in an- "0 !+$ allin64 $nm$ra!$/ in!+$ n$8! ,ara6ra,+ ,r$$/in6 w+" 4+all $m,l"- an-/$4$n/an! "0 +i4 n/$r !w$l.$ -$ar4 "0 a6$ in 4+/an6$r"4 $8+i#i!i"n4)

ung mga child actorsLactresses, etc. bawal din kasiyan.hingisilang permit sa 804E pati working hours regulated yan. )tsnot only stated here, it is also in 1A +=<. Even in commercialdilisilapwede in advertisements !or alcohol, nicotine etc. kayapuro toothbrush toothpaste, dirapwedenasila, ketchup.

S$!i"n Tw") ? Tr$4,a44 !" /w$llin6

"o again, seemingly Mor paranglangJ may counterpart eto dun sacrimes against the !undamental law V yungviolation to domicile,pagangpublic o!!icer enters the dwelling against the will. Nowkung private person anggumawanyan, almost the same thing, itwill !all under trespass.

%respass I An- ,ri.a!$ ,$r4"n w+" 4+all $n!$r !+$ /w$llin6"0 an"!+$r a6ain4! !+$ la!!$r4 will) un langyun, against thewill o! the owner.

2ompare that to violation o! domicile, diba $ ways ang violation

o! domicile? 1an- ,#li "00i$r "r $m,l"-$$ w+"% n"! #$in6a!+"ri7$/ #- =/iial "r/$r% 4+all $n!$r an- /w$llin6 a6ain4!!+$ will "0 !+$ "wn$r !+$r$"0@ 2 4$ar+ ,a,$r4 "r "!+$r $00$!4 0"n/ !+$r$in wi!+"! !+$ ,r$.i"4 "n4$n! "0 4+"wn$r% "r : +a.in6 4rr$,!i!i"4l- $n!$r$/ 4ai/ /w$llin6%an/ #$in6 r$;ir$/ !" l$a.$ !+$ ,r$mi4$4% 4+all r$04$ !" /"4")8ito, against the will langanggibutang. "aato pa, kungabrinaimongpultahannyanaaytaomusulod, against the will na?althoughU here, pwede implied prohibition to enter. But i! itsopen, thatKs an invitation to enter, so it cannot be trespass.

Angmagigingproblemalangdito is when the entrance is implied.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 1(

• )n a case, may room sa boarding house

anggilagaykaytalilang, the de!ense raised was hindi

man yan prohibition to enter, open man yan. "2 said

that is implied prohibition, gitaliangani meaning do not

enter.

"o against the will, yanang trespass. %his is :uali!ied by thesecond part I I0 !+$ "00$n4$ #$ "mmi!!$/ #- m$an4 "0 .i"l$n$ "r in!imi/a!i"n) What ) want you to remember isF i! committed with violence or intimidation, hindinakailanganyung

prohibition.&inugsanaynagani.

'erong exempting dito, ang $rd part. )t is exempting even i! youentered against the will o! another i!10"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 ,r$.$n!in6 4"m$ 4$ri"4 +arm !"+im4$l0% you are being chased by a person with a bolounyanisulodkasabalasa lain, ayayawgsulod7668ilimusulod*udkobahalaka76 hahaha. "o unsa manna? against the will pero exempted.

2!+$ ",an!4 "0 !+$ /w$llin6 "r a !+ir/ ,$r4"n%

: n"r 4+all i! #$ a,,lia#l$ !" an- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all $n!$r a/w$llin6 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 r$n/$rin6 4"m$ 4$r.i$ !"+mani!- "r =4!i$% good "amaritan ka.you see somebodynagikulatasasulod, imonggitabangan.

' n"r !" an-"n$ w+" 4+all $n!$r a0$4% !a.$rn4% inn an/"!+$r ,#li +"4$4% w+il$ !+$ 4am$ ar$ ",$n)Etomaka smileako always. A4AN>AN7 0pen gani7 &ublic place man na,dilikabawal7

0! course, you know the principles here ha. %he aggravatingcircumstances o! dwelling, or unlaw!ul entry, they are inherent inthis crime.

What about the violence or intimidation? When should theviolence or intimidation be present in order to :uali!y the crime?5sually, right be!ore or simultaneously. #asi thatKs how you enter,

with violence or intimidation.&eromeron din kasing right a!ter angviolence or intimidation.

When you say violence V according to the "2 need not beagainst persons. &wedengpersonspwedeng violence against thedoorLgateLwindow.

• ou allowed him to enter the terrace or veranda or

something, according to a case )nvitation to enter the

courtM?J is not invitation to enter the house. #ung

nisulodkasabalay against the will, that is still trespass.

Also please take note o! the principle that anyone in thehousehold is presumed to have authority to invite people in.

thatKs a legal presumption. >enerally all members o! thehousehold are presumed to have the authority to extend aninvitation to enter. "o the authority to invite people is not limitedto the owner, any member o! the household can do so.

0ther !orms o! trespass

ou distinguish that !rom ;. 9ere youre talking about closedpremises. an- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all $n!$r !+$ l"4$/ ,r$mi4$4Mexample warehouseJ"r !+$ 0$n$/ $4!a!$ "0 an"!+$r% w+il$$i!+$r "r !+$m ar$ nin+a#i!$/% i0 !+$ ,r"+i#i!i"n !" $n!$r #$mani0$4!Mthat is the key phrase thereJan/ !+$ !r$4,a44$r +a4n"! 4$r$/ !+$ ,$rmi44i"n "0 !+$ "wn$r "r !+$ ar$!a5$r !+$r$"0)

,r"+i#i!i"n !" $n!$r #$ mani0$4!% how is that shown? %his isusually shown by posting a no trespassing sign. #ungwalangganyan and there is no mani!est prohibition, then thecrime is not committed.

Another distinction, dito uninhabited, sa trespass naman shouldbe inhabited. And there is no such thing as an im,li$/,r"+i#i!i"n ha, ditokasidapat mani!est. %he prohibition mustalways be express or mani!est.

O!"#$r 1&% 2&1:2rim

S$!i"n T+r$$) ? T+r$a!4 an/ "$ri"n

Art. ;. !rave threats" Any person who shall threaten another withproperty o! the latter or o! his !amily o! any wrong amounting to a crime, sh

1) T+$ ,$nal!- n$8! l"w$r in /$6r$$ !+an !+a! ,r$4ri#$/ #- law 0"r!+$ "00$n/$r 4+all +a.$ ma/$ !+$ !+r$a! /$man/in6 m"n$- "r im,"4n"! nlaw0l% an/ 4ai/ "00$n/$r 4+all +a.$ a!!ain$/ +i4 ,r,"4$) I0 !+,r,"4$% !+$ ,$nal!- l"w$r #- !w" /$6r$$4 4+all #$ im,"4$/)

I0 !+$ !+r$a! #$ ma/$ in wri!in6 "r !+r"6+ a mi//l$man% !+$ ,$na,$ri"/)

2) T+$ ,$nal!- "0 arr$4!" ma-"r an/ a 0in$ n"! $8$$/in6 (&& ,$4"4%4#=$! !" a "n/i!i"n

%here are many kinds o! threats. basically Any person who shall

threaten another with the in!liction upon the person, honor or

property o! the latter or o! his !amily o! any wrong amounting to a

crime. Any wrong amounting to a crime. Now when we sayin!liction upon the person, honor or property, do not e:uate that

sa titles ng revised penal code. dibakasimerong crimes against

persons, crimes against property, crimes against honor. this has

nothing to do with that . )ts a generic kind o! thing. say murder, )

will threaten you with death, i! you do not giver me money ) will

kill you. thats crimes against persons, mag tama din yanxadito.

0r i will burn down you house i! you do not see to my demands.

yan, thats a crime against property. panokasi i! yung, i! you do

not see to my demands ) will detain you. serious illegal

detention, which is what? a crime against personal

liberty.&anoyan di napapasoktayodito? that is why actually this is

not limited to crimes against persons, crimes against property, or

crime against honor. )t is really a crime against the person, honor

o! the person and the property o! the person. "o thats the !irst

thing. "econd, take note that the penalty is di!!erent, it depends

on whether the purpose o! the demand is attained. "o i! the

crime that you threatened to commit is homicide, the penalty

there would be your penalty i! you made the threat demanding

money. "o medyomalaki din yun ha, reclusion temporal on

homicide, prison mayor on grave threats. i! you do not attain

your purpose, !+$ ,$nal!- l"w$r #- !w" /$6r$$4 4+all #$

im,"4$/) 4",aran6 a!!$m,!$/) I0 !+$ !+r$a! #$ ma/$ in

wri!in6 "r !+r"6+ a mi//l$ man% ma8imm) 4" !+i4 ",$ra!$4

li5$ an a66ra.a!in6 irm4!an$)

S" 6ra.$ !+r$a!4% !+$r$ ar$ !w" 5in/4) On$ w+$r$ -"

im,"4$ a "n/i!i"n an/ !+"4$ w+$r$ -" /" n"! im,"4$ a

"n/i!i"n "r -" /" n"! /$man/ m"n$-) #! i! i4 4!ill !+r$a!4%

w+- i4 !+a! #$a4$ -" ar$ !+r$a!$nin6 !" in0li! a wr"n6

am"n!in6 !" a rim$ a6ain4! an"!+$r) S" i! r$all- /"$4n!

ma!!$r i0 !+$r$ i4 a "n/i!i"n "r n"!% al!+"6+ 5n6 ma-

"n/i!i"n ma4 ma!aa4an6 ,$nal!- m") w$ll a /$man/ "0

m"n$- i4 5lar") i0 -" /" n"! 6i.$ m$ m"n$- i will 5ill -")

5lar"-an% i!4 a !+r$a! !" in0li! a wr"n6 am"n!in6 !" a

rim$) An/ w+a! i4 a "n/i!i"n an/ !a5$ n"!$ !+a! !+$

"n/i!i"n ma- n"! #$ nlaw0l) S" w+- i4 i! a rim$ !+$n

W+- i4 !+$r$ a rim$ "0 6ra.$ !+r$a! w+$n !+$ "n/i!i"n !+a!

-" 4ai/ i4 n"! nlaw0l) S" $8am,l$ 4all-

/-an-n6i!ananan6ana5m"% na6ali!-n6!a!a-%




5n6/ilinim"min-ana5"n6ana5,a!-"n !a5a w+a! i4 wr"n6

wi!+ /ilimin-an% !+a! i4 n"! an nlaw0l /$man/% nlaw0l

"n/i!i"n #! w+a! ma5$4 a rim$ i4 n"! !+$ /$man/ ,$r 4$%

w+a! ma5$4 i! a rim$ i4 !+a! -" 4ai/% I will 5ill -")i0 -" /"

n"! marr- m- /a6+!$r) 5a-a8a rim$)

walan6la#"!/""n-n6 ,+ra4$ na $.$n !"6+ nlaw0l

#$a4$ !+a! r$0$r4 !" !+$ "n/i!i"n) Al4"% "n$ !+in6 wi!+

6ra.$ !+r$a! i4 !+a!% !+$ !+r$a! 4+"l/ #$ in !+$ 0!r$ ,a)

+in/i-an8a !+r$a! n6a-"n) I will 5ill -") Im n"! 4a-in6 Im

6"in6 !" 5ill -" n"w) I -" /"n! /" !+i4% "r i0 -" /"n! 6i.$

m$ m"n$-% I will 5ill -" la!$r) 5a4i 5n6 n"w -an% /i#a

Pa!-"n !a5a ,a!-"n/a-"n nim") +mannama!a-) walana%

!+$ !+r$a! i4 n"! 4$,ara!$) i! i4 n"! a 4$,ara!$ rim$)

5la!a+"n !a5a n-a4i6$nanim"65la!a) !+$r$ i4 4$ri"4

,+-4ial in=ri$4 !a,"44a#i+inm" ,an6 m$r"n ,an6 6ra.$

!+r$a! -" ar$ alr$a/- /"in6 i!% !+$ !+r$a! will alr$a/- #$

a#4"r#$/ n"w #- !+$ rim$ "0 ,+-4ial in=ri$4% !+$r$ i4 n"

l"n6 a 4$,ara!$ rim$ "0 6ra.$ !+r$a!4 #$a4$ !+$ !+r$a!4+$r$ 4+"l/ #$ in !+$ 0!r$)

T+$ !+r$a! i!4$l0) L$!4 !r- !" /$0in$ !+a!) I! i4 !+$ /$lara!i"n

"0 !+$ in!$n!i"n "r /$!$rmina!i"n !" in=r$ an"!+$r ,$r4"n%

+i4 +"n"r "r ,r",$r!- "0 4"m$ wr"n6 am"n!in6 !" a rim$)

i! i4 "0!$n !+a! !+r$a! may !e deluded ,r,"4$ r$a!in6 in !+$

min/ "0 !+$ ,$r4"n !+r$a!$n$/ !+a! !+$ !+r$a! will #$ arri$/

"n) I! i4 4"m$!+in6 !+a! !+$ !+r$a!$n$/ ,ar!- r$all- #$li$.$

na6a6awin% i! /"$4 n"! "m$ ar"44 a4 a ="5$) i! i4

4"m$!+in6 !" #$ 0$ar$/ 5a4i!"!""% !"!"+aninn-a)

l$!4 6" #a5 !" !+$ $8am,l$% i0 -" /" n"! marr- m-

/a6+!$r% i will 5ill -") I! i4 4!ill a 5in/ "0 6ra.$ !+r$a!

#$a4$ "0 !+$ ,+ra4$ !+a! -" 4ai/ !+a! i will 5ill -"% 4" i0

-" 4a- !" !+$ 6-% i0 -" /" n"! marr- m- /a6+!$r I will

4$ -" "0 4$/!i"n) !+a! i4 n" l"n6$r a !+r$a! #$a4$

-"r !+r$a! i4 !" 0il$ a a4$ w+i+ -" an .$r- w$ll /") -n6

,r$.i"4 !+r$a! m" i4 a rim$ #$a4$ -" 4ai/ I will 5ill

-")

N"w% w+a! a#"! in!$n! !" 6ain) I4 in!$n! !" 6ain an $l$m$n!

+$r$ w$ll% w+$n -" ar$ +ar6$/ n/$r 6ra.$ !+r$a!4

!a,"4/i!"5a4a ma- /$man/ "0 m"n$- "0 "r4$ !+a!

/$man/ 4+"l/ #$ an $l$m$n!)

N"w an !+i4 #$ a "n!inin6 "00$n4$ ,w$/$) li5$ in !+$

a4$ "0 4"m$#"/- w+" wr"!$ a l$!!$rna "n6"in6 8a#a% n-a

in4!allm$n!) " 6i.$ m$ "n$ milli"n "!+$rwi4w$ I will 5ill

-" -"r 0amil-% -"r r$la!i.$4 #4in5"4ilan6la+a!)

#ini6-an8a (&&5 mna) 5lna6 ,a 6 #alan$)

i4an6an"lan6-n% +in/i-n 4$,ara!$) I!4 li5$ a "n!inin6

"00$n4$ -an)

Art. ;$. #ight threats" Any threat to commit a wrong not constituting a crime, made in the manner expressed in

subdivision < o! the next preceding article, shall be punished by arresto mayor.

N"w n$8! ar!il$) li6+! !+r$a!4) an/ li6+! naman% !+$ ,$nal!-i4 arr$4!" ma-"r w+i+ i4 n"! r$all- li6+!) $8,r$44$/ in

4#/i.i4i"n 1% m$anin6 !+$r$ i4 a /$man/ 0"r m"n$- "r a"n/i!i"n !+a! i4 im,"4$/) "5% -anan6 li6+! !+r$a!) #!!+$n!+a! 4"m$!+in6 !+a! -" !+r$a!$n /"$4 n"! am"n! !"an- rim$) #a5i!man na6in6 rim$ -an8ana !+r$a! !+i4 !im$#$a4$ "0 !+$ ina/i#l$ "0 !+$ /$man/) -n 6ra.$ !+r$a!45a4i% w+a! -"r !+r$a!$n$/ !" /" am"n!4 !" a rim$) H$r$an6 li6+! !+r$a!4% +in/i% w$ll an6 #$4! $8am,l$ /i!" 4all- i4-n6 #la5 mail) 5a-aan6!awa6/-an li6+! !+r$a!4% #la5mail a!all- an6 $8am,l$ n-an) An"#a -an6 #la5 mail 0"r $8am,l$% -" 5n"w a 4$r$!% 4"m$!im$4 -" !+r$a!$n !"/i.l6$ !+$ 4$r$!) I ,"4! na5"4a in!$rn$!im"n64$r$!"6/ili5"nim"!a6aan65war!a "r 5n6/ili5"nim"i)5i44 w$$$$$ l"l "n/i!i"n-n% im,"4$/) 5i44m$ "!+$rwi4$ I will ,"4! -"r 4$r$! all ".$r !+$ in!$rn$!)n4a ma- 5anana i4 !+a! a rim$ !+$ 4$r$! /"$4 n"!am"n! !" a rim$)

Ar!) 23') %ond for good !eha#ior

) ? In all a4$4 0allin6 wi!+in !+$ !ma5in6 !+$ !+r$a!4 ma- al4" #$ r$;ir$/ !" 6i.$ #ail n"! !" m"l$4! !+!" 6i.$ 4+ #ail% +$ 4+all #$ 4$n!$n$/ !" /$4!i$rr")

Ar!) 23() >ther light threats. ? T+$ ,$nal!- "0 arr$4!"m$n"r in i!4 mi2&& ,$4"4 4+all #$ im,"4$/ ,"n9

1) An- ,$r4"n w+"% wi!+"! #$in6 inl/$/ in !+$ ,r".i4i"n4 "0 !+$an"!+$r wi!+ a w$a,"n "r /raw 4+ w$a,"n in a ;arr$l% nl$44 i! #

2) An- ,$r4"n w+"% in !+$ +$a! "0 an6$r% 4+all "rall- !+r$a!$n an"!+rim$% an/ w+" #- 4#4$;$n! a!4 4+"w !+a! +$ /i/ n"! ,$r4i4,r".i/$/ !+a! !+$ irm4!an$4 "0 !+$ "00$n4$ 4+all n"! #rin6 i! wi!+C"/$)

:) An- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all "rall- !+r$a!$n !" /" an"!+$r an- +arm n"!

an6 ,r"#l$ma/i!"m$r"nnan6an6 li6+! !+r$a!4 m$r"n ,an6"!+$r li6+! !+r$a!4) an" !"n6 "!+$r li6+! !+r$a!4 r$a/"/ala#".$

an6 ,r"#l$ma/i!"m$r"nnan6an6 li6+! !+r$a!4 m$r"n ,an6

"!+$r li6+! !+r$a!4) an" !"n6 "!+$r li6+! !+r$a!4

,ar) 1)

-an !r$a!4 -an% -" !+r$a!$n an"!+$r ma- m6a#aril% 5!4il-"%

!+a! i4 a !+r$a!% -" /" n"! $.$n 4a- an-!+in6)

!inannim"65!4il-"% !+a! i4 "!+$r li6+! !+r$a!4)

5a4iwala5anan6i#an66inawala) 5a4i 5n6 !ira+inm"4-a%

/$,$n/$-a) !+$r$ i4 !+in lin$ #$!w$$n an a!!$m,! wi!+ !+i4)

#$a4$ -" ar$ +"l/in6 a w$a,"n 6ama-lan6naana%

ma+im"nanan6 a!!$m,!) nl$44% -" /raw -"r w$a,"n in

4$l0 /$0$n4$)

,ar)2)

Pl$a4$ r$m".$ !+a! w"r/ n"! !+$r$ "!+$rwi4$ !+$r$ will n"

/i00$r$n$ #$!w$$n !w" an/ !+r$$) 4" in ,ara6ra,+ 2% i!

4+"l/ #$ 4"m$ +arm "n4!i!!in6 a rim$) !a5$ n"!$ !+a!

!+i4 i4 4imilar !" 6ra.$ !+r$a!4 #$a4$ -" ar$ !+r$a!$nin6

an"!+$r wi!+ 4"m$ +arm !+a! am"n!4 !" a rim$) !+a!

"n4!i!!$4 a rim$) #! i! 0all4 n/$r li6+! !+r$a!4 #$a4$

-" /i/ i! "! "0 an6$r% in !+$ +$a!% "r in !+$ m"m$n! 4" !"

4,$a5) 4"na45"5a% !+$n 6a6"5an6#a!aa5a,a!-"n !a5a ana%

#! -"r 4#4$;$n! a! 4+"w !+a! -" /i/ n"! insist ) ,a6

""l m"na% na6 n6i4in6i4ina5a) i!4 !+$ 4am$ a!% -n64a



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 1<

6ra.$ !+r$a!4 a! /i!") !+$ /i00$r$n$ i4 !+i4 i4 4ai/ in an6$r)

,a66ali!!a-"/amina!in6na4a4a#i w+i+ w$ r$6r$! la!$r)

,l$a4$ !a5$ n"!$ "0 23') w+a! i4 !+a! !+a! i4 an a//i!i"nal

,$nal!- 0"r !+r$a!4% 6ra.$ !+r$a!4 an/ li6+! !+r$a!4) w$ll "0

"r4$ #$a4$ !+i4 i4 an a//i!i"nal ,$nal!- #a+alana4i

=/6$) 5n6 64!" ni-an6/n6a6an ,a 5a n6 #"n/ 0"r 6""/

#$+a.i"r) an/ i0 -" ann"! ,! , a #"n/% !+$n /$4!i$rr"5a)

-anan64ina4a#in6a 23'% -"r$ 4,,"4$/ !" ,! , a #"n/

,ara ma6#$+a.$5a% -" will n"! !+r$a!$n !+$ "00$n/$/ ,ar!-%

n"w i0 -" .ann"! ,! , a #"n/% ,aali4in5analan6n-a)

n"w al4" ,l$a4$ /i4!in6i4+ !+a! 0r"m% /i#a ma- i4a ,an6

#"n/ #"n/ !" 5$$, !+$ ,$a$) i#a-n% i!"5a4i w+$n - 4a-

#"n/ 0"r 6""/ #$+a.i"r i! a,,li$4 "nl- !" !+r$a!4) -n6

#"n/ !" 5$$, !+$ ,$a$ i! a,,li$4 in 6$n$ral !" 0$l"ni$4)

4aan#a-n6 #"n/ !" 5$$, !+$ ,$a$ /n4a :() an/ i0 -"

0ail !" ,"4! a #"n/ /n 4a :(% 4#4i/iar- im,ri4"nm$n! an/

la#a4/""n)

,ar):)

an/-n6 nm#$r !+r$$% /-anma6,a4"5-n6 n"!)

Ar!) 23) ?ra#e coercions. ? T+$ ,$nal!- "0 arr$4!" ma-"r an/ a 0in$ n"! $8$$/in6 (&& ,$4"4 4+all #$im,"4$/ ,"n an- ,$r4"n w+"% wi!+"! a!+"ri!- "0 law% 4+all% #- m$an4 "0 .i"l$n$% ,r$.$n! an"!+$r 0r"m/"in6 4"m$!+in6 n"! ,r"+i#i!$/ #- law% "r "m,$l +im !" /" 4"m$!+in6 a6ain4! +i4 will% w+$!+$r i! #$ ri6+!"r wr"n6)

I0 !+$ "$ri"n #$ "mmi!!$/ 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 "m,$llin6 an"!+$r !" ,$r0"rm an- r$li6i"4 a! "r !"

,r$.$n! +im 0r"m 4" /"in6% !+$ ,$nal!- n$8! +i6+$r in /$6r$$ 4+all #$ im,"4$/)

L$!4 6" !" "$ri"n)

6ra.$ "$ri"n) -" ,r$.$n! 4"m$#"/- in /"in6 4"m$!+in6

n"! ,r"+i#i!$/ #- law) 64!"ni-am!a#"565al4a/a% /ili5a

64!"% a-aw!a#"5 5a- mali64an5a an" man -an ,ra!iall-

"m,$llin6 +im n"! !" r"44 4!r$$!) !+a! i4 a rim$)

5a-a/ili5a/a,a!ma6#""!) !+a! i4 !+$ ,"in! "0 "$ri"n) -"

4+"l/ n"! !a5$ !+$ law in!" -"r "wn +an/4) 5n6 64!"

ni-am5an!a% 64!" ni-am4a-aw) ,a#a-ai

,6"n6,6"n6,a5a/+a% a-awna -anan64ina4a#i n6

"$ri"n !+a! -" 4+"l/ n"! !a5$ !+$ law in!" -"r "wn

+an/4 "r "m,$l +im !" /" 4"m$!+in6 a6ain4! +i4 will)

5an!a 5ar"nna 5i!a5aani% 5i!a5aanin65m"na5"

/ili5am5an!a5a!ilaw5aani) !+a!4 "m,l4i"n% "m,$llin6

4"m$#"/-% w+i+ i4 "$ri"n) n"w% !a5$ n"!$ /i!"%

5a4ian64a#in6a "$ri"n w+$!+$r i! #$ ri6+! "r wr"n6) n"w

!+$ !+in6 i4 4"m$!im$4% an6 "$ri"n 5a4i% -" 4+"l/

"n4i/$r "$ri"n a4 a la4! r$4"r!) -" !r- !" 0in/ "! 0ir4!

w+$!+$r !+$ a! will 0all n/$r "!+$r a!4% "!+$r rim$4)

li5$/i#a w$ alr$a/- !al5$/ a#"! in!$rr,!i"n "0 l$6i4la!i.$

m$$!in64) 4" -" ,r$.$n! !+$ l$6i4la!"r 0r"m a!!$n/in6 !+$

m$$!in6% !+$r$ i4 a 4,$i0i ar!il$ w+i+ /$al4 wi!+ !+a!%

,r$.$n!in6 !+$m 0r"m a!!$n/in6 /n 5ama6+ar6$% wa6 /i!")

"r in!$rr,!i"n "0 r$li6i"4 w"r4+i,)

im"n66iman/anan6,arin6aa-aw,a6mi4a !+a! i4

in!$rr,!i"n r$li6i"4 w"r4+i,) -" "n4i/$r !+i4 i0 !+$r$ i4

n" "!+$r ar!il$ in !+$ r$.i4$/ ,$nal "/$) an/ li5$ i 4ai/

la4! !im$ % -" 6" !" a ,$r4"n% 4a#im"% 6i.$ m$ all -"r

m"n$-% n"w na6)n4a man 5a% -" ar$ "m,$llin6 +im !"

/" 4"m$!+in6 a6ain4! +i4 will% will !+a! am"n! !" "$ri"n

$/i#a +"l/*, -an !+a!4 r"##$r-) 4aa!" ,a% 4an 5an6a-"n

/n5a4a r"##$r- w$ll% 0"r "n$ !+in6 m$r"n /n6 in!$n! !"

6ain /i#a #! 4$$min6l- ,ar$+"4ila)

5a-ana+imm"mna-n6 5n6 4aan8a ,r",$rl- ma6 0all na

ar!il$)

N"w% !+$ nature will /$,$n/ "n !+$ ,ar!i$4) 5a- 5n6 an6

,ar!- #$in6 "m,$ll$/ "r 0"r$/ i4 4"m$#"/- li5$ !-4"n)

54"654"6na .i"l$n$ an/ in!imi/a!i"n an65ailan6anana)

"r 5n6 #a!aan6an"% 6ama-5aa%

#a45in,a6anaana"nlan6nim"% ,w$/$nama).i"l$n$)

4"/$,$n/$-an) !+$ na!r$ "0 !+$ .i"l$n$ will /$,$n/ "n !+$

,$r4"n) #$a4$ a!all- !+i4 i4 n"! r$all- limi!$/ !" ,+-4ial

.i"l$n$) ,w$/$ man m"ral ,r$44r$ "r in!imi/a!i"n) #! i!

i4 400ii$n! i0 !+$ "!+$r "0 !+$ "00$n/$r i4 n"!"ri"4l-

m$nain6 a4 !" am"n! !" a 6ra.$ in!imi/a!i"n "r w"l/r$a!$ a 4i!a!i"n !+a! w"l/ n$$44aril- in!imi/a!$ !+$

.i!im) #$a4$ !+$ ,r$.$n!in6 "0 !+$ "m,l4i"n% !+i4 i4

/$,i!$/ #- .i"l$n$ $i!+$r #- ma!$rial 0"r$ w+$r$ 4+

/i4,la- "0 0"r$ a4 w"l/ ,r"/$ in!imi/a!i"n an/ "n!r"l

!+$ will "0 !+$ "00$n/$r) S" 0"r $8am,l$ i0 ,$",l$ w+" +a.$ a

,i$$ "0 lan/ !a,"4m$r"n6 4;a!!$r4 /""nn6a-"n 64!"

m"4ilan6,aali4in 4" #- .i"l$n$% !+r$a! "r in!imi/a!i"n -"

$=$! !+$m% i4 !+a! a rim$% i4 !+a! "$ri"n !+a! i4 m-

,r",$r!- !+$- ar$ !+$r$ nlaw0ll-% 4" I $=$!$/ !+$m

,+-4iall- r$m".$ !+$m) n6a-"ni5awan6 6i)0il$)an n6am6a

4;a!!$r4 n6 "$ri"n) Will i! ,r",4$r A6ain% !+$ $44$n$

"0 "$ri"n i4 !a5in6 !+$ law in!" -"r "wn +an/4) 4" #-

r$m".in6 !+$m ,+-4iall- wi!+ 0"r$ .i"l$n$ an/

in!imi/a!i"n -" ar$ "mmi!!in6 !+$ rim$ "0 6ra.$ "$ri"n)

E.$n i0 !+a! i4 -"r ,r",$r!-) " +a.$ n" ri6+! !" /" !+a!%

-" 6" !" "r!) A45 !+$ "r! 0"r nlaw0l /$!ain$r "r

w+a!$.$r)

I!4 a /i00$r$n! 4!"r- i0 !+$ 4;a!!$r4 ar$ !r-in6 !" 4$! , !+$ir

w+a!$.$r in !+a! ar$a% #$a4$ -" 6" !" !+$ i.il "/$%

-n6 '2>% -n6 /"!rin$ "0 4$l0 +$l,) I an 4$ r$a4"na#l$

0"r$ !" ,r"!$! m- ,r",$r!-))-n6 4$l0 /$0$n4$ "0 ,r",$r!-

r$m$m#$r I0 !+$- ar$ 4!ill $n!$rin6% -" an ,r$.$n! !+$m

5a+i! ,a -" 4$ ,+-4ial 0"r$) #! i0 !+$- ar$ alr$a/- !+$r$

-" ann"! /" !+a! -" +a.$ !" 6" n"w !" "r!)

S,,"4$ 4"m$#"/- wan!4 !" 5ill +im4$l0) ,6n6annim" #-

.i"l$n$ ,a=/) 5la!a+"n !a5a i0 i,a/a-"nnim"na i4 !+a! a

rim$ -" ar$ ,r$.$n!in6 4"m$#"/- 0r"m /"in6 4"m$!+in6

!+a! +$ wan!4 !" /") L$!4 6" #a5 !" !+$ #a4i4 in riminal

law% !+$ a! i4 n"! riminal w+$n !+$ min/ i4 n"! riminal)

H$ m4! +a.$ riminal in!$n!) W+$n -" ,r$.$n! +im 0r"m

5illin6 +im4l$0 a!all-% -"r in!$n!i"n i4 n"! !" "mmi! a

rim$)

Ar!) 23<) @ight coercions) ? An- ,$r4"n w+"% #- m$an4 "0 .i"l$n$%

/$#!"r 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 a,,l-in6 !+$ 4am$ !" !+$ ,a-m$n! "0 !+$ /

ma-"r in i!4 minimm ,$ri"/ an/ a 0in$ $;i.al$n! !" !+$ .al$ "0 !




,$4"4)

An- "!+$r "$ri"n4 "r n=4! .$8a!i"n4 4+all #$ ,ni4+$/ #- arr$4!"m$n"r "r a 0in$ ran6in6 0r"m ( ,$4"4

!" 2&& ,$4"4% "r #"!+)

S" !+$r$ i4 0ir4!l- a r$la!i"n4+i, "0 r$/i!"r an/ /$#!"r an/!+$ ,$r4"n +$r$ 4$i7$4 ,r",$r!- #$l"n6in6 !" /$#!"r 0"r !+$

,r,"4$ "0 a,,l-in6 !+$ 4am$ !" !+$ ,a-m$n! "0 !+$ /$#!)

Dili man 5am#a-a/% am#inalan6na% naa man 5a- ,la4ma

n6a!.l/% a5"anani% ma"nanin6#a-a/) !+a! i4 li6+! "$ri"n)

"0 "r4$ /ilini-a 64!") /ili8am#a-a/% /ili ,"/ 8a 64!"

n6a5+a"nni-aim"n66ami!) #! 4!ill%

i5aw-n6na6,a)!an6m$r"n5a!ala6an6 ri6+!) w$ll n"! ri6+!

!" 6$! !+$ !+in6) -" +a.$ !+$ ri6+! !" /$man/ ,a-m$n!)

$+a-awn6ama6#a-a/) 4" w+a! -" /" i4% wi!+ .i"l$n$

5in+am"-n66ami!n-a) a!all- !+a!4 /ai"n$n,a6" #!

wi!+ .i"l$n$)

O0 "r4$ !+i4 w"l/ n"! #$ li6+! i0 -" +"l/ a 6n !" +i4

+$a/% -" /" n"! ,a- n"w Ill 5ill -" I! ann"! #$ r"##$r-

#$a4$ !+$r$ i4 n"! in!$n! !" 6ain #! !+a! will #$ "$ri"n)

6ra.$na)#$a4$ -" ar$ !+r$a!$nin6 !" in0li! a wr"n6 !+a!

am"n!4 !" a rim$) I will 5ill -" i0 -" /" n"! ,a-) !+a!

ann"! #$ li6+!)

An/ 4$"n/ +al0 n-an% i!"n6 23<% !a5$ n"!$% !+a! i4 !+$ rim$

0"r n=4! .$8a!i"n w+i+ i4 n"! /$0in$/ #- !+$ r$.i4$/ ,$nal

"/$) an64ina#ilan6/-an% an- "!+$r "$ri"n "r n=4!

.$8a!i"n 4+all #$ ,ni4+$/ #- 6an-an6an-an) !a,"4an6

!$ ,a !ala6a/i!"% w+$n -" r$a/ !+$ 6an-an6an-an%

an"/aw an/ .$8a!i"n) +"w /" -" /$0in$ !+a!% 4" i!"-n6

/$0ini!i"n n-a))) !" .$8% !" irri!a!$% !" ann"-% $!) ,a4!ilan

l"l 4" an6nan6-ari% !+i4 a,,$ar4 !" #$ a a!+ all ,r".i4i"n)

5n6+in/i-anma+l"64ai#an6 ar!il$% #$a4$ i! ann"-4

m$% " 4i6$ 0i6+!4 na 0il$ !a6 n=4! .$8a!i"n) 5a4i na6 a4$

5a na6 irri!a!i"n) !+a!4 a .$r- #r"a/ an") "0"r4$ w$ 6"

#a5 !" !+$ #a4i ,rini,l$ !+a! !+$r$ 4+"l/ #$ /"l")

An-!+in6 !+a! will irri!a!$ -"% "r will .$8 -" "r ann"- -"

#a4!a 5a- ma- /"l"-n)

!+$r$ i4 n" 4$ri"4 ma!$rial +arm +$r$ 5a-a n6a an- "!+$r

"$ri"n #! !+$ a! i4 in!$n/$/ !" .$8 ann"- irri!a!$ $!)

$8am,l$% r$m$m#$r !+a! a4$ n6anaa-,a#a4a4a +a,$l

+man naa- na6 4i6$6 "n4!r! 6 0$n$) +in/i man i!"

in!$rr,!i"n "0 r$li6i"4 w"r4+i,% n=4! .$8a!i"n lan6/aw)

i!"ma6an/an6 $8am,l$% 5i44in6 an $8 6irl 0ri$n/%

,aan"na6in6 n=4! .$8a!i"n -an 5a-6i*5i44 m" #$a4$

-" wan!$/ !" .$8% ann"- "r irri!a!$ +$r) 5a- 5n6 5i44

-anna ma- l$w/ in!$n! 5a% $/i a!4 "0 la4i.i"4n$44 ,$r" i0

na6la6"!5a% 4aim",a=/5ala6"!6i!ila,annim") $w$w-an

wala/a,a! l$w/ in!$n!% "!+$rwi4$ walana) an/ !+$ $44$n$

i4 !+$ 4am$ -" ann"! !a5$ !+$ law in!" -"r "wn +an/4)

w$ ar$ a 6".$rnm$n! "0 law4 n"! "0 m$n)

Ar!) 233) >ther similar coercions; &Aompulsory purchase of merchan

of to2ens.) B T+$ ,$nal!- "0 arr$4!" ma-"r "r a 0in$ ran6in6 0r"m

im,"4$/ ,"n an- ,$r4"n% a6$n! "r "00i$r% "0 an- a44"ia!i"n "r

/ir$!l- "r in/ir$!l-% "r 4+all 5n"win6l- ,$rmi! an- la#"r$r "r $m,l"

"r "r,"ra!i"n !" #$ 0"r$/ "r "m,$ll$/% !" ,r+a4$ m$r+an/i4$ "

T+$ 4am$ ,$nal!i$4 4+all #$ im,"4$/ ,"n an- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all ,a-$m,l"-$/ #- +im% #- m$an4 "0 !"5$n4 "r "#=$!4 "!+$r !+an !+$ l$

$m,l"-$$)

Ba4a+analan6nin-"na)

Ar!) 23>) :ormation, maintenance and prohi!ition of com!ination othreats. ? T+$ ,$nal!- "0 arr$4!" ma-"r an/ a 0in$ n"! $8$$/in6 :,$r4"n w+"% 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 "r6ani7in6% main!ainin6 "r ,r$.$n!in"0 la#"r$r4 "r l"5*"! "0 $m,l"-$$4% 4+all $m,l"- .i"l$n$ "r !+r$0"r$ !+$ la#"r$r4 "r $m,l"-$r4 in !+$ 0r$$ an/ l$6al $8$ri4$ "0 !+$i

"n4!i!!$ a m"r$ 4$ri"4 "00$n4$ in a"r/an$ wi!+ !+$ ,r".i4i"n4

C+a,!$r T+r$$

DISCOVER AND REVELATIONAr!) 2>&) Disco#ering secrets through seiCure of correspondence. ?i!4 minimm an/ m$/im ,$ri"/4 an/ a 0in$ n"! $8$$/in6 (&& ,$4in/i.i/al w+" in "r/$r !" /i4".$r !+$ 4$r$!4 "0 an"!+$r% 4+all 4$i7"n!$n!4 !+$r$"0)

I0 !+$ "00$n/$r 4+all n"! r$.$al 4+ 4$r$!4% !+$ ,$nal!- 4+all #$ ar

(&& ,$4"4)

T+$ ,r".i4i"n 4+all n"! #$ a,,lia#l$ !" ,ar$n!4% 6ar/ian4% "r ,$min"r4 wi!+ r$4,$! !" !+$ ,a,$r4 "r l$!!$r4 "0 !+$ +il/r$n "r min"r4!" 4,"4$4 wi!+ r$4,$! !" !+$ ,a,$r4 "r l$!!$r4 "0 $i!+$r "0 !+$m)

!+"6+ 4+all n"! "mmi! +i4mi4) !a5$ n"!$ !+a! $8$m,!$//i!"-n6 ,ar$n!4% 6ar/ian4 an/ ,$r4"n4 $n!r4!$/ wi!+ !+$4!"/- "0 min"r4) 5a-a-anan6m6a m"!+$r44i6$6,an6+ila#"!4am6a6ami!4aana5) 4i6$6,an6#a4a% m6aa"n! 4a0a$#""5 ,an6 +ila#!an) I,a/a#ri+an) n4a manni4i m"!+$r wi) $8$m,!$//ilina rim$) al4" !a5$ n"!$8$m,!$/ 6i+a,"nan6 4,"4$) 5n6ma6min-"m"% ",$n

=/nan6m6a ,a,$r4 nim"4aim"n6a4awa) 4"rr-5analan65n6 naa-m6a4l"/nan6a5an) 4"-an% !a5$ n"!$ "0 !+$$8$,!i"n4)

Ar!) 2>1) e#ealing secrets $ith a!use of office ) ? T+$ ,$nal!- "0 ar (&& ,$4"4 4+all #$ im,"4$/ ,"n an- mana6$r% $m,l"-$$% "r 4$r.!+$ 4$r$!4 "0 +i4 ,rini,al "r ma4!$r an/ 4+all r$.$al 4+ 4$r$!4)

Ar!) 2>2) e#elation of industrial secrets. ? T+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4im$/im ,$ri"/4 an/ a 0in$ n"! $8$$/in6 (&& ,$4"4 4+all #$ i$m,l"-$$ "r w"r5man "0 an- man0a!rin6 "r in/4!rial $4!a#li4+m!+$r$"0% 4+all r$.$al !+$ 4$r$!4 "0 !+$ in/4!r- "0 !+$ la!!$r)

!ra/$ 4$r$!4% 5n6 ma6#+a!5a6 #r"wni$% +al"anni66la-

,ara ma4ara,) !in6ala5a4a ,ar!-% li,a- man !anan% $n="-

la+a!#a) -an !ra/$ 4$r$!4% i4a#im"-an /i.l6$ !+a!)))-an)

!+a!4 a ,ra!i$ n"w% ,a6nan/a-n5a4a in/4!r-% #$0"r$ -"

ar$ all"w$/ !" 6" "n 4$,ara!i"n% -" ar$ r$;ir$/ !" 4i6n a



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 1>

"n!ra! n"n*/i4l"4r$) #! $.$n i0 -" /"n! +a.$ !+a!%

,w$/$5a ma)0il$)an /i!")

2riminal 4aw 1eview O!"#$r 1:% 2&1' 0ll +"r en anto

) would like to emphasiCe some important points in 2rim < and2rim . 8istinctions between crimes mala in se and malaprohibita.We say that in mala in se intent is necessary while in

mala prohibita, it is not. 1emember the case o! &eople vs."unico M2.A., H o.g. H;;J about schoolteachers as to thedeprivation o! their right to su!!rage, according to the 2Adecision, itKs the kind that is inherently bad or wrong andthere!ore should be pleaded as such. #ailangan may intent eveni! the charge was under a special law.

P$",l$ .4) Sni"

%he omission or !ailure to include a voterKsname in the registry list o! voters is not only wrong because it is prohibitedGit is wrong per se because it disen!ranchises a voter and violates one o! his !undamental rights. 9ence, !or such actto be punishable, it must be shown that it has been committed with malice. %here is no clear showing in the instantcase that the accused intentionally, will!ully and maliciously omitted or !ailed to include in the registry list o! voters the

names o! those voters. %hey cannot be punished criminally.

&lunder M1A +;J ) told you the predicate crimes o! &lunder cannot be committed by a single act, it should be a series o! acts. %hese are separately !iled by themselves but when they areused to charge under &lunder, they become component crimeso! &lunder which are like common crimes absorbed in 1ebellion.2ommon crimes are mostly !elonies, like malversation, robbery.

Accordingly, it is said that the component crimes o! plunder areinherently immoral Mmala in seJ, even i! punished by a speciallaw and accordingly, criminal intent must be established. %akenote, because the component crimes establish the intent o! thecrime under 1A +;.

With respect to 9abitual 8elin:uents, !irst is retroactivity. We saythat laws are retroactive i! !avorable to the accused but it doesnot apply to habitual delin:uents. Now, also, the period o! preventive suspension shall not be credited in the service o! thesentence when the convict is a 98 under Article $(. Also under the )"4, he is not entitled to it and neither is he eligible !or parole.Being a 98 applies whether the stage is consummated,!rustrated or attempted and does not apply only toconsummated. )t applies in the same manner, even i! your participation is only that o! an accomplice or accessory.

4iability o! conspirators in relation to Art..

P$",l$ .4) F"n!anil, Mnot sure about the case title, not clear, but ruling is the same !or many conspiracy casesJ

each conspirator is responsible !or everything done by his con!ederates which are complementary in the executiono! the common design so as its probable and natural conse:uences, even i! it is not intended as part o! the originaldesign,6 so hindisiyakasamasa original agreement. %he responsibility o! a conspirator is not con!ined to theaccomplishment o! a particular purpose o! conspiracy but extends to matter or acts incident to and growing out o! thepurpose intended. 2onspirators are there to have intended the conse:uences o! their act and by purposely engagingconspiracy which necessarily produces the prohibited result. %hey are in contemplation o! law chargeable withintending that result. 2onspirators are necessarily liable !or the acts o! another conspirator unless such act di!!ersradically and substantially !rom that which they intended to make.6

Application o! Aggravating 2ircumstances."peci!ic privilege,

slight illegal detention, xx MinaudibleJ. "pecial mitigating, thoseare the two mitigating circumstances, no aggravating MArt =-, par HJ. %he principle is that the aggravating circumstances under the1&2 do not apply to special laws but take note o! 1A ;(-, onthe unlicensed !irearms, it is ordinary aggravating, there!ore,sub*ect to the o!!set rule.

Also, special aggravating under 1A (=, the acts committedagainst a woman who is pregnant or committed in the presenceo! a child, elevates it to maximum. "pecial aggravating,there!ore, o!!set is not applicable.

'itigating or aggravating not considered in the imposition o! apenalty whenF <. &enalty is single and indivisible. . Negligence

$. &enalty to be imposed on Msorry, inaudibleJ -. &rescribed in!ine imposed in an ordinance.

9omicide committed by a band, robbery with homicide. %hereKsrobbery, thereKs also a special complex crime, robbery withhomicide or robbery with rape. &aanoipagsabayyan? "incethereKs a special complex crime provided by the 1&2 !or 1obbery with 9omicide, what happens i! there is multiplehomicides? 9ow do you plead the other homicides? )! there aretwo or three people killed. 0r 1obbery with 1ape, then the victimwas also killed. &eople vs. P MinaudibleJ. %he court erred in!inding the appellants guilty with 1obbery with 9omicidecommitted by a band. %his is an erroneous denomination o! thecrime committed. %here is no crime o! 1obbery with 9omicidecommitted by a band. )! 1obbery with 9omicide is committed bya band, it is indictable o!!ense denominated as 1obbery with9omicide, the element o! band will be ordinary aggravating.6

P$",l$ .4) Sl!an

With respect to rapes, the court has declared in some cases that thoccasion o! robbery do not increase the penalty. %here were also caseadditional rapes committed were considered as an aggravating circum1egala, the court held that the additional rapes committed "90548 N0%2)125'"%AN2E despite a resultant anomalous situation wherein 1obbe1obbery with 'ultiple 1ape in terms o! gravity. %he court realiCed that th

rapes or homicides !or that matter to be considered as aggravatingenumeration o! aggravating circumstances under Article <- is exclusivecircumstances analogous to.6 9ence, the remedy lies with the legislatur passed providing !or the additional rapes and homicides as aggravating!avor o! the o!!ender as no person may be brought within its terms, i! he is

8octrine o! 2ommon Element. An element used to complete onecrime cannot be legally reused to complete the re:uisites o! another crime. Example, Esta!a through !alsi!ication o! privatedocument.

1obbery with 9omicide

P$",l$ .4) Bar"n 2&1&

A 2onviction o! homicide needs certainty that the 1obbery is the centralmade incidental to the robbery. &recisely there is 1obbery as the maintaking o! human li!e, but the killing may occur be!ore, during or a!ter thplace by reason o! or on the occasion o! robbery, all those who took parto! 1obbery with 9omicide, whether they actually took part in the killing ukilling.

1A ($--.A child in con!lict with the law commits a crime, he is <Hyears old or under, the e!!ect is exempting. %here is anintervention program in ($--. <H years and < day above, withoutdiscernment, again it is exempting. %here is still interventionprogram. <H years and < dayabove and below <;, withdiscernment, that becomes a privilege mitigating. 5nder ($--,the intervention now becomes a diversion program. When is aminor not :uali!ied !or diversion?

a. when the penalty imposable exceeds = years imprisonment.M1A ($-- states that diversion measures may be resorted to onlyby the court i! penalty exceeds six years imprisonment, whileother diversion programs do not re:uire court proceedings. "ee"ec. $ o! 1A ($--J

b. i! the child, his parents or guardians, do not consent withdiversion. %he records o! the case o! the child shall be !orwardedto the law en!orcement o!!icer, prosecutor or the appropriatecourt, as the case may be.

Also, "ection H;, persons below eighteen M<;J years o! age shallbe exempt !rom prosecution !or the crime o! vagrancy andprostitution under "ection o! the 1evised &enal 2ode. Nowremember nawalana yang 3agrancy under Act <;-. Also, o! mendicancy under &residential 8ecree No. <H=$, and sni!!ing o! rugby under &residential 8ecree No. <=<(, such prosecutionbeing inconsistent with the 5nited Nations 2onvention on the1ights o! the 2hildF &rovided, %hat said persons shall undergoappropriate counseling and treatment program.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 2&

What are status o!!enses under that? D"tatus 0!!ensesD re!ers too!!enses which discriminate only against a child, while an adultdoes not su!!er any penalty !or committing similar acts. ExampleFcur!ew violations.

8istinctions between &8 =$ and 1A ($--."uspension o! sentence is automatic in ($--, while you have to apply in =$.

D$lara/"r .4) G#a!"n

%hus, it is clear that a person who is convicted o! an o!!ense punishable by death, li!e imprisonment, or reclusionperpetua is dis:uali!ied !rom availing the bene!its o! a suspended sentence. D&unishableD is de!ined as Ddeserving o!,or capable, or liable to punishmentG liable to be punishedG may be punishedG liable to punishment.D <H %he wordDpunishableD does not mean Dmust be punished,D but Dliable to be punishedD as speci!ied. <= )n 5.". v. 3illalon, the2ourt de!ined punishable as Ddeserving o!, or liable !or, punishment.D %hus, the term re!ers to the possible, not to theactual sentence. )t is concerned with the penalty which may be, and not which is imposed.

%he law merely amended Article <( o! &.8. No. =$, as amended by A.'. No. I<I<;I"2, in that the suspension o! sentence shall be en*oyed by the *uvenile even i! he is already <; years o! age or more at the time o! thepronouncement o! hisLher guilt. %he other dis:uali!ications in Article <( o! &.8. No. =$, as amended, and "ection $o! A.'. No. I<I<;I"2 have not been deleted !rom "ection $; o! 1ep. Act No. ($--. Evidently, the intention o! 2ongress was to maintain the other dis:uali!ications as provided in Article <( o! &.8. No. =$, as amended, and

"ection $ o! A.'. No. I<I<;I"2. 9ence, *uveniles who have been convicted o! a crime the imposable penalty !or which is reclusion perpetua, li!e imprisonment or reclusion perpetua to death or death, are dis:uali!ied !rom havingtheir sentences suspended.6

But consider S$) '2 "0 RA >:'' which is probation as an alternative to imprisonment.

"E2. -. &robation as an Alternative to )mprisonment. I %he court may, a!ter it shall have convicted and sentenced achild in con!lict with the law, and upon application at any time, place the child on probation in lieu o! service o! hisLher sentence taking into account the best interest o! the child. /or this purpose, "ection - o! &residential 8ecree No. (=;,otherwise known as the D&robation 4aw o! <(+=D, is hereby amended accordingly.

%he !iling o! the application in "ection - shall be deemed a waiver o! the right to appeal, or the automatic withdrawalo! a pending appeal. )n other words, a child in con!lict with the law can apply !or probation anytime pursuant to Article- o! 1A ($--. 0n the other hand, "ec. ( o! &8 (=; states that probation shall not to those sentenced to serve a

maximum term o! imprisonment o! more than six years imprisonment.

"ec. H par MmJ o! 1A ($-- on the rights o! the child in con!lict with the law states the right to probation as analternative to imprisonment, i! :uali!ied under the &robation 4awG

%hus, pursuant to 8eclarador, 9ence, *uveniles who have been convicted o! a crime the imposable penalty !or whichis reclusion perpetua, li!e imprisonment or reclusion perpetua to death or death, are dis:uali!ied !rom having their sentences suspended. Neither can they apply !or probation since "ec. ( o! the &robation 4aw was not amended.

&arricide

Pim$n!$l .4) Pim$n!$l% S$,!) 1:% 2&1&

%he annulment is not a pre*udicial :uestion in a criminal case !or &arricide. %he relationship between the o!!ender andthe victim is the key element o! the crime o! parricide. %he relationship between the o!!ender and the victim xxxhowever the issue xxx !urther, the relationship bet the victim and the o!!ender is not victim is a key element inparricide.

#idnapping

P$",l$ .4) A#a/) n$ 1(% 2&1&

)n this case, the prosecution was able to prove all the elements o! kidnappingF

M<J %he o!!ender is a private individualG not either o! the parents o! the victim or a public o!!icer who has a dutyunder the law to detain a personG

MJ 9e kidnaps or detains another, or in any manner deprives the latter o! his libertyG

M$J %he act o! detention or kidnapping must be illegalG and

M-J )n the commission o! the o!!ense, any o! the !ollowing circumstances is presentF

MaJ the kidnapping or detention lasts !or more than three daysG

MbJ it is committed by simulating public authorityG

McJ any serious physical in*uries are in!licted upon the person kidnamade or

MdJ the person kidnapped or detained is a minor, !emale or a public o!!i

%he essence o! the crime o! kidnapping is the actual deprivation o! the vio! the intent o! the accused to e!!ect the same. 'oreover, i! the victim iillegally detained !or the purpose o! extorting ransom, the duration o1ansom here means money, price or consideration paid or demanded !owill release him !rom captivity.

As the 2A correctly stated, although the accused testi!ied that he waNovember <, <, he had no duty under the law to detain 'a. Angelundertaken !or the purpose o! extorting ransom !rom her !amily.

P, .4) Mar;$7 A,ril 1:% 2&11

Ar!) 2<&) Ki/na,,in6 an/ 0ailr$ !" r$!rn a m perpetua shall be imposed upon any person who, being entruperson, shall deliberately !ail to restore the latter to his parents or

%his crime has two essential elementsF

<. %he o!!ender is entrusted with the custody o! a minor person

. %he o!!ender deliberately !ails to restore the said minor to hi

%his 2ourt, in elucidating on the elements o! Article +, stated

this crime is that the o!!ender was entrusted with the custody o! the minor

kidnapping but the deliberate !ailure o! that person to restore the minor to

such an o!!ense is so severe, the 2ourt !urther explained what deliberate6

)ndeed, the word deliberate as used in Article + o! the 1evise

than mere negligence I it must be premeditated, headstrong, !oolishly dari

1ape.

P$",l$ .4) Da+ili6 n$ 1:% 2&11

5nder "ection HMbJ, Article ))) o! 1A +=< in relation to 1A ;$H$, i! the vage, the o!!ender should not be prosecuted !or sexual abuse but !or stat1evised &enal 2ode and penaliCed with reclusion perpetua" 0n the other

o!!ender should be charged with either sexual abuse under "ection HMbMexcept paragraph <XdYJ o! the 1evised &enal 2ode. 9owever, the o!!endesame act because his right against double *eopardy will be pre*udiced. A pliability !or a single criminal act. 4ikewise, rape cannot be complexed wi5nder "ection -; o! the 1evised &enal 2ode Mon complex crimesJ, a !elorapeJ cannot be complexed with an o!!ense penaliCed by a special law.6

"ometimes, some people might be con!used. 0ne o! the generalprinciples is that there is no problem with respect to chargesarising !rom the same act where in !act one charge is under ageneral law and the other is a special law. %hey have di!!erent

elements, but here, when we talk about rape, it is not allowed.




Anyway, it cannot be because this will be tantamount to double *eopardy.

%he sweetheart o!!ense

P$",l$ .4) Ol4$" A,ril 11% 2&11

%he Zsweetheart theoryK or Zsweetheart de!enseK is an o!tIabused *usti!ication that rashly derides the intelligence o! this 2ourt and sorely tests our patience. /or the 2ourt to even consider giving credence to such de!ense, it must be

proven by compelling evidence. %he de!ense cannot *ust present testimonial evidence in support o! the theory, as inthe instant case. )ndependent proo! is re:uired II such as tokens, mementos, and photographs. %here is nonepresented here by the de!ense.6

8elay in making accusations.

P$",l$ .4) Sal/"A,ril % 2&11

We have declared in a number o! cases that delay or vacillation in making a criminal accusation does not necessarilyimpair the credibility o! witnesses i! such delay is satis!actorily explained. /ear o! reprisal, social humiliation, !amilialconsiderations, and economic reasons have been considered as su!!icient explanations.

8angerous drugs

P$",l$ .4) Manlan6i!n$ 12% 2&1&

"ettled is the rule that the absence o! a prior surveillance or test buy does not a!!ect the legality o! the buyIbustoperation. %here is no textbook method o! conducting buyIbust operations. %he 2ourt has le!t to the discretion o! police authorities the selection o! e!!ective means to apprehend drug dealers. A prior surveillance, much less alengthy one, is not necessary, especially where the police operatives are accompanied by their in!ormant during theentrapment. /lexibility is a trait o! good police work. We have held that when time is o! the essence, the police maydispense with the need !or prior surveillance. )n the instant case, having been accompanied by the in!ormant to theperson who was peddling the dangerous drugs, the policemen need not have conducted any prior surveillance be!orethey undertook the buyIbust operation.

2hain o! custody

P,) .4) L"r$na anar- 1&% 2&11

While a per!ect chain o! custody is almost always impossible to achieve, an unbroken chain becomes indispensableand essential in the prosecution o! drug cases owing to its susceptibility to alteration, tampering, contamination andeven substitution and exchange. 9ence, every link must be accounted !or.

4ike ) said in chain o! custody, your evidence is only as strong or as weak as it can be. &agmeronyan unaccounted na link,walakangkaso, because o! its susceptibility to alteration and

substitution.

P$",l$ .4) Ram"l$!$ Mcase not !ound but ruling is same as in other drugs casesJ

&rovided, !urther, that nonIcompliance with these re:uirements under *usti!iable grounds, as long as the integrity andevidentiary value o! the seiCed items are properly preserved by the apprehending o!!icerLteam, shall not render voidand invalid such seiCures o! and custody over said items.

What is o! utmost importance is the preservation o! the integrityo! the items seiCed. ou have to go back to the chain o! custody,it is basic. )! it is intact, the evidence still retains its integrity.

&resumption o! 1egularity

P$",l$ .4) Ca,n" anar- 1>% 2&11

%his presumption, it must be stressed, is not conclusive. )t cannot, by itsel!, overcome the constitutional presumptiono! innocence. Any taint o! irregularity a!!ects the whole per!ormance and should make the presumption unavailable.%he presumption, in other words, obtains only when nothing in the records suggests that the law en!orcers involveddeviated !rom the standard conduct o! o!!icial duty as provided !or in the law. But where the o!!icial act in :uestion isirregular on its !ace, as in this case, an adverse presumption arises as a matter o! course.

%ransport6 in 8rugs 2ases.

San an .4) P$",l$ Ma- :&% 2&11

%ransport6 as used under the 8angerous 8rugs Act is de!ined to meaanother.6 %he essential element o! the charge is the movement o! the danthe present case, although petitioner and his coIaccused were arrested ithey were accosted. /rom the !acts !ound by the 1%2, that car was parkeshow that any distance was travelled by petitioner with the drugs in his

transported the drugs merely because he was in a motor vehicle when heand is mere speculation. %he rule is clear that the guilt o! the accuseddoubts should be resolved in !avor o! the accused. )t is the responsibilitytransport o! dangerous drugs, namely, that transportation had taken place

some distance.

AntiIgra!t 4aw.

P$",l$ .4) San!illan"Mar+ :% 2&1&

"ection $ MeJ. While "ection $MeJ does not contain re!erence to private insame law, nonetheless may be prosecuted under "ec $MeJ thereo! i! ho!!icial to commit any o!!enses de!ined under "ec $ MeJ. 2learly, the law pprohibited acts enumerated under "ec $. %his is by "ec ( which include$,-,H and =.

8escription o! 1A $<(

PRESIDENTIAL AD HOC FACT*FINDING COMMITTEE ON BEHEST L1'% 2&&1

5nder 1epublic Act No. =++, the 0mbudsman has the power to investigpublic o!!icer or employee when such act or omission appears to be illega0mbudsman has the power to dismiss a complaint without going throug

Administrative 0rder No, + o! the 0!!ice o! the 0mbudsman, otherwise0!!ice o! the 0mbudsman.D

%he rationale underlying the 2ourts ruling has been explained in numerorespect !or the investigatory and prosecutory powers granted by the 2onsupon practicality as well.

"ec. <H Art <<, o! the <(;+ 2onstitution, provided that the0mbudsmanKs power to investigate shall not be barred byprescription, laches or estoppels. )t applies only to civil action !or recovery o! illIgotten wealth and not criminal action includingthose involving o!!enses under 1A $<(.

"o yungsinabikona petition !or !or!eiture, the <(;+ constitutione!!ectively repealed that. But this re!ers only to civil !or!eiture. Although angsabi, there is a case under <$+(, they are akin or the nature is that o! criminal, against property, it is only thenature. 5nder <$+(, it does not prescribe. &ero i! itKs criminal!or!eiture, there is a distinction. What is an example? We go backto &lunder. ou remember, there is a speci!ic penalty but that isonly !or !or!eiture. %hat is criminal procedure in nature.

Acts o! lasciviousness.

P$",l$ .4) B"naa6a n$ % 2&11J

"ection H MbJ, Article ))) o! 1.A. No. +=<, de!ines and penaliCes acts o! l!ollowsF

"ection H. 2hild &rostitution and 0ther "exual Abuse. II 2hildren, whetheany other consideration or due to the coercion or in!luence o! any adintercourse or lascivious conduct, are deemed to be children exploited in p

x xxx

MbJ %hose who commit the act o! sexual intercourse or lascivious condsub*ect to other sexual abuseG &rovided, %hat when the victims is undershall be prosecuted under Article $$H, paragraph $, !or rape and Articl1evised &enal 2ode, !or rape or lascivious conduct, as the case may b




conduct when the victim is under twelve M<J years o! age shall be reclusion temporal in its medium period.

&aragraph MbJ punishes sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct not only with a child exploited in prostitution, butalso with a child sub*ected to other sexual abuses. )t covers not only a situation where a child is abused !or pro!it, butalso where one through coercion, intimidation or in!luence, engages in sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct witha child.

)llegal possession o! !irearms.

Fa=ar/" .4) P$",l$ anar- 1&% 2&11

2ertainly, illegal possession o! !irearms, or, in this case, part o! a !irearm, is committed when the holder thereo!F

M<J possesses a !irearm or a part thereo!

MJ lacks the authority or license to possess the !irearm.

%he rule is that ownership is not an essential element o! illegal possession o! !irearms and ammunition. What the lawre:uires is merely possession which includes not only actual physical possession but also constructive possession or

the sub*ection o! the thing to oneKs control and management. %his has to be so i! the mani!est intent o! the law is to bee!!ective. %he same evils, the same perils to public security, which the law penaliCes exist whether the unlicensedholder o! a prohibited weapon be its owner or a borrower. %o accomplish the ob*ect o! this law, the proprietary concepto! the possession can have no bearing whatsoever.

2ybercrime 4aw. M1A <<+HJ2ited libel as one o! the contentIrelated o!!enses under 2hapter )) in &unishable Acts.

#ibel" $ %he unlawful or prohibited acts of libel as defined in Article &'' of the (evised )enal *ode, as amended, committed through a computer system or any other similar means whichmay be devised in the future"

O!"#$r 1'% 2&1'

%he special law covering %ra!!icking in &ersons is 1.A. (;XAntiItra!!icking in &ersons Act o! $Y, but there is anamendatory law 1.A. <$=- XExpanded AntiItra!!icking in&ersons Act o! <Y.

1.A. (; "ection $.8e!inition o! %erms

1.A. <$=- "ection $.8e!inition o! %erms

MaJ %rafficking in )ersons Ire!ers to the E8ct ofF 9

<. recruitment,

. transportation,

$. trans!er or

-. harboring, or

H. receipt o! persons with or without the victimsconsent or knowledge,within or across nationalborders

MaJ %rafficking in)ersons + re!ers to the E8ct ofF 9

<. recruitment,

2) "#!ainin6%

:) +irin6%

') ,r".i/in6%

H. "00$rin6%

=. transportation,

+. trans!er,

;. main!ainin6,

(. harboring, or

<. receipt o! persons with or without the victimKsconsent or knowledge,within or across nationalborders

#- m$an4 "09<. threat or. use o! !orce, or

#- m$an4 "09

$. other !orms o! coercion,-. abduction,H. !raud,=. deception,+. abuse o! power or o!

position,;. taking advantage o! the

vulnerability o! theperson, or,

(. the giving or receiving o! payments or bene!its toachieve the consent o! aperson having controlover another person

<. threat, or

. use o! !orce, or

$. other !orms o! coercion,

-. abduction,

H. !raud,

=. deception,

+. abuse o! power or o! position,

;. taking advantage o! thevulnerability o! theperson, or,

(. the giving or receiving o! payments or bene!its to

achieve the consent o! aperson having controlover another person

0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 $8,l"i!a!i"n which includesat a minimumF<. the exploitation or. the prostitution o! others

or$. other !orms o! sexual

exploitation,-. !orced labor or services,H. slavery,=. servitude or+. the removal or sale o!

organs.

0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 $8,l"i!a!i"n which includesat a minimumF

<. the exploitation or

. the prostitution o! othersor

$. other !orms o! sexualexploitation,

-. !orced labor or services,

H. slavery,

=. servitude or

+. the removal or sale o! organs.

%he recruitment,

transportation, trans!er,harboring or receipt o! a child!or the purpose o! exploitationshall also be considered asDtra!!icking in personsD even i! it does not involve any o! themeans set !orth in thepreceding paragraph.

%he recruitment,

transportation, trans!er,harboring, a/",!i"n or receipt o! a child !or thepurpose o! exploitation "r w+$n !+$ a/",!i"n i4in/$/ #- an- 0"rm "0 "n4i/$ra!i"n 0"r $8,l"i!a!i.$ ,r,"4$4 shallalso be considered asZtra!!icking in personsK even i! it does not involve any o! themeans set !orth in thepreceding paragraph.

%he de!inition provided under "ection $MaJ o! 1.A. (; and 1.A.<$=- respectively provides !or the elements o! %ra!!icking inpersons. As mentioned above, there are many acts e.g.recruitment, transportation etc. "o you have ACTS then youhave MEANS e.g. threat, use o! !orce etc. Now what makes %)&Mtra!!icking in personsJ di!!erent is its PRPOSE. %he purpose in%)& is exploitative e.g. exploitation, prostitution or other !orms o! sexual exploitation, servitude and even the removal o! organs.an ang dapat ninyong tandaan sa %)&.

A2%"S'EAN"SE&40)%A%)3E &51&0"ET%)&7



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 2:

Another type o! %)& is that which involves a child. %herecruitment, transportation, trans!er, harboring, a/",!i"n or receipt o! a child !or the purpose o! exploitation "r w+$n !+$a/",!i"n i4 in/$/ #- an- 0"rm "0 "n4i/$ra!i"n 0"r $8,l"i!a!i.$ ,r,"4$4 shall also be considered as Ztra!!icking inpersons.KNow what distinguishes the manner o! the o!!ense when it comesto a child is that the presence o! the means as provided under "ection $MaJ is not re:uired. %he law provides, when a child isinvolved it shall also be considered as Ztra!!icking in persons.Keven i! it does not involve any o! the means set !orth in thepreceding paragraph.6 ou only have to consider the A2% andthe exploitative purpose even i! there is no 'EAN" asenumerated are present, it will still be %)&7 )t is no longer necessary to prove the means. A2%" and E&40)%A%)3E&51&0"E yan lang ang elements ng %)& basta child ang pinagIuusapan.%hese are the exploitative purposes in %)&F

McJ )rostitution

MdJ orced #abor

MeJ -lavery .

M!J .nvoluntary -ervitude

MgJ -ex %ourism

MhJ -exual /xploitation

MiJ 0ebt Bondage

M*J )ornography X1.A. <$=-Y

"o these are the exploitative purposes. Again, %)& cannot existwithout its $ elements V A2%", 'EAN" and E&40)%A%)3E&51&0"E". But i! the %)& involves a child then you can do

away with the means. 5nder the law X1.A. <$=-Y, a child isde!ined asFMbJ *hild V re!ers to a person #$l"w $i6+!$$n 13 -$ar4 "0 a6$"r "n$ w+" i4 ".$r $i6+!$$n 13 #! i4 na#l$ !" 0ll- !a5$ar$ "0 "r ,r"!$! +im4$l0+$r4$l0 !rom abuse, neglect, cruelty,exploitation, or discrimination because o! a physical or mentaldisability or condition."o 2hild is not necessarily under <;, but one who is over <; butis unable to !ully take care o! or protect himsel!Lhersel!. 5nder the %)&, considered ka pa rin as a child.Now the exploitative purposes under the %)& are de!ined as!ollowsFMcJ )rostitution V re!ers to any act, transaction, scheme or designinvolving the use o! a person by another, !or sexual intercourseor lascivious conduct in exchange !or money, pro!it or any other

consideration.

MdJ orced #abor V re!ers to the extraction o! work or services!rom any person by means o! enticement, violence, intimidationor threat, use o!, !orce or coercion, including deprivation o! !reedom, abuse o! authority or moral ascendancy, debtIbondageor deception including any work or service extracted !rom anyperson under the menace o! penalty.

MeJ -lavery V re!ers to the status or condition o! a person over whom any or all o! the powers attaching to the right o! ownershipare exercised.

M!J .nvoluntary -ervitude V re!ers to a condition o! en!orced and

compulsory service induced by means o! any scheme, plan or pattern, intended to cause a person to believe that i! he or shedid not enter into or continue in such condition, he or she or another person would su!!er serious harm or other !orms o! abuse or physical restraint, or threat o! abuse or harm, or coercion including depriving access to travel documents andwithholding salaries, or the abuse or threatened abuse o! thelegal process.MgJ -ex %ourism V re!ers to a program organiCed by travel andtourismIrelated establishments and individuals which consists o! tourism packages or activities, utiliCing and o!!ering escort andsexual services as enticement !or tourists. %his includes sexual

services and practices o!!ered during rest and recreation periods!or members o! the military.

MhJ -exual /xploitation V re!ers to participation by a person inprostitution, pornography or the production o! pornography, inexchange !or money, pro!it or any other consideration or wherethe participation is caused or !acilitated by any means o! intimidation or threat, use o! !orce, or other !orms o! coercion,abduction, !raud, deception, debt bondage, abuse o! power or o! position or o! legal process, taking advantage o! the vulnerability

o! the person, or giving or receiving o! payments or bene!its toachieve the consent o! a person having control over another personG or in sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct caused or !acilitated by any means as provided in this Act.

MiJ 0ebt Bondage V re!ers to the pledging by the debtor o! hisLher personal services or labor or those o! a person under hisLher control as security or payment !or a debt, when the length andnature o! services is not clearly de!ined or when the value o! theservices as reasonably assessed is not applied toward theli:uidation o! the debt.

M*J )ornography V re!ers to any representation, throughpublication, exhibition, cinematography, indecent shows,

in!ormation technology, or by whatever means, o! a personengaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities or anyrepresentation o! the sexual parts o! a person !or primarilysexual purposes. X1.A. <$=-Y

"E2. -. Acts of %rafficking in )ersons" V )t shall be unlaw!ul !or any person, natural or *uridical, to commit any o! the !ollowingactsF

MaJ %o recruit, obtain, hire, provide, o!!er, transport, trans!er,maintain, harbor, or receive a person by any means, includingthose done under the pretext o! domestic or overseasemployment or training or apprenticeship, !or the purpose o! prostitution, pornography, or sexual exploitationG

)s there any distinction between prostitution in %)& with thatde!ined under the 1&2? es7 5nder the %)&, hindi kailangang9AB)%5A44 )N854>E87 )n the 1&2, dapat may pattern ka,you should have habitually indulged in it. Now under %)&, even i! it only involves a single transaction involving sexual intercourseor lascivious conduct, pasok ka na sa %)& without the need o! establishing habituality.

MbJ %o introduce or match !or money, pro!it, or material, economicor other consideration, any person or, as provided !or under 1epublic Act No. =(HH, any /ilipino woman to a !oreign national,!or marriage !or the purpose o! ac:uiring, buying, o!!ering, sellingor trading himLher to engage in prostitution, pornography, sexual

exploitation, !orced labor, slavery, involuntary servitude or debtbondageG

8ebt bondage, you work !or somebody in payment o! a debt.Now i! these are the exploitative purposes, then it would !allunder %)&. ou are !orced to serve but that does not includewhen you are in penal institution. "lavery, you have no rights o! ownership dahil ikaw mismo you are owned.

McJ %o o!!er or contract marriage, real or simulated, !or thepurpose o! ac:uiring, buying, o!!ering, selling, or trading them toengage in prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, !orcedlabor or slavery, involuntary servitude or debt bondageG

%his involves mail order bride scheme. But we have toremember that there is a separate law covering 'ail order brides. "o what is the di!!erence? Basta sa %)& remember thatthere is an exploitative purpose while sa 'ail order bride law,hindi kailangan na may exploitative purpose7 Basta remember, to!all under %)& dapat may exploitative purpose siya either toengage in prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, !orcedlabor or slavery, involuntary servitude or debt bondage.

MdJ %o undertake or organiCe tours and travel plans consisting o! tourism packages or activities !or the purpose o! utiliCing ando!!ering persons !or prostitution, pornography or sexualexploitationG



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 2'

MeJ %o maintain or hire a person to engage in prostitution or pornographyG

M!J %o adopt persons by any !orm o! consideration !or exploitativepurposes or to !acilitate the same !or purposes o! prostitution,pornography, sexual exploitation, !orced labor, slavery,involuntary servitude or debt bondageG

MgJ %o adopt or !acilitate the adoption o! persons !or the purposeo! prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, !orced labor,

slavery, involuntary servitude or debt bondageG

MhJ %o recruit, hire, adopt, transport, trans!er, obtain, harbor,maintain, provide, o!!er, receive or abduct a person, by means o! threat or use o! !orce, !raud, deceit, violence, coercion, or intimidation !or the purpose o! removal or sale o! organs o! saidpersonG

MiJ %o recruit, transport, obtain, trans!er, harbor, maintain, o!!er,hire, provide, receive or adopt a child to engage in armedactivities in the &hilippines or abroadG

Be!ore they are called 2)"A2 or 2hildren in situations o! Armed2on!lict.

M*J %o recruit, transport, trans!er, harbor, obtain, maintain, o!!er,hire, provide or receive a person by means de!ined in "ection $o! this Act !or purposes o! !orced labor, slavery, debt bondageand involuntary servitude, including a scheme, plan, or patternintended to cause the person eitherF

M<J %o believe that i! the person did not per!orm suchlabor or services, he or she or another person wouldsu!!er serious harm or physical restraintG or

MJ %o abuse or threaten the use o! law or the legalprocessesG and

MkJ %o recruit, transport, harbor, obtain, trans!er, maintain, hire,o!!er, provide, adopt or receive a child !or purposes o! exploitation or trading them, including but not limited to, the acto! baring andLor selling a child !or any consideration or !or barter !or purposes o! exploitation. %ra!!icking !or purposes o! exploitation o! children shall includeF

M<J All !orms o! slavery or practices similar to slavery,involuntary servitude, debt bondage and !orced labor,including recruitment o! children !or use in armedcon!lictG

MJ %he use, procuring or o!!ering o! a child !or

prostitution, !or the production o! pornography, or !or pornographic per!ormancesG

M$J %he use, procuring or o!!ering o! a child !or the,r"/!i"n an/ !ra00i5in6 "0 /r64@ and

M-J %he use, procuring or o!!ering o! a child !or illegalactivities or work which, by its nature or thecircumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harmtheir health, sa!ety or moralsG and

MlJ %o organiCe or direct other persons to commit the o!!ensesde!ined as acts o! tra!!icking under this Act.6 X1.A. <$=-Y

ust remember the $ basic elements I A2%", 'EAN" [E&40)%A%)3E &51&0"E".In!r"/$/ in !+$ am$n/a!"r- law ar$ ,r".i4i"n4 ,$nali7in6A!!$m,!$/ Tra00i5in6 an/ ,r".i/in6 lia#ili!- 0"r a"m,li$an/ a$44"ri$4 in TIP) B$a4$ a4 -" r$m$m#$r% 4all-n/$r S,$ial Law4% !+$r$ i4 n" a!!$m,!$/ 4!a6$% nl$44 "0 "r4$ a4 in !+i4 a4$% i! i4 $8,r$44l- ,r".i/$/ 0"r in !+$4,$ial law) S" n/$r R)A)1&:' $.$n !+$ a!!$m,!$/ 4!a6$ "0 TIP i4 ,ni4+$/) S$) '*A ,r".i/$49

"E2. -IA. Attempted %rafficking in )ersons" + Where there are acts to init iate thecommission o! a tra!!icking o!!ense but theo!!ender 0ail$/ !" "r /i/ n"! $8$!$ all !+$

$l$m$n!4 "0 !+$ rim$% #- ai/$n! "r #-r$a4"n "0 4"m$ a4$ "!+$r !+an ."ln!ar-/$4i4!an$% 4+ ".$r! a!4 4+all #$/$$m$/ a4 an a!!$m,! !" "mmi! an a! "0 !ra00i5in6 in ,$r4"n4) As such, an attempt tocommit any o! the o!!enses enumerated in"ection - o! this Act shall constitute attemptedtra!!icking in persons.

)n cases where the victim is a child, any o! the

!ollowing acts shall also be deemed asattempted tra!!icking in personsF

MaJ /acilitating the travel o! a child who travelsalone to a !oreign country or territory withoutvalid reason there!or and without the re:uiredclearance or permit !rom the 8epartment o! "ocial Wel!are and 8evelopment, or a writtenpermit or *usti!ication !rom the childKs parent or legal guardianG

MbJ Executing, !or a consideration, an a!!idavito! consent or a written consent !or adoptionG

McJ 1ecruiting a woman to bear a child !or thepurpose o! selling the childG

MdJ "imulating a birth !or the purpose o! sellingthe childG and

MeJ "oliciting a child and ac:uiring the custodythereo! through any means !rom amonghospitals, clinics, nurseries, daycare centers,re!ugee or evacuation centers, and lowIincome!amilies, !or the purpose o! selling the child.

"E2. -IB. Accomplice #iability" V Whoever knowingly aids, abets, cooperates in theexecution o! the o!!ense by previous or simultaneous acts de!ined in this Act shall bepunished in accordance with the provisions o! "ection <McJ o! this Act.

"E2. -I2. Accessories" V Whoever has theknowledge o! the commission o! the crime, andwithout having participated therein, either asprincipal or as accomplices, take part in itscommission in any o! the !ollowing mannersF

MaJ By pro!iting themselves or assisting theo!!ender to pro!it by the e!!ects o! the crimeG

MbJ By concealing or destroying the body o! thecrime or e!!ects or instruments thereo!, in order to prevent its discoveryG

McJ By harboring, concealing or assisting in theescape o! the principal o! the crime, providedthe accessory acts with abuse o! his or her public !unctions or is known to be habituallyguilty o! some other crime.

Acts de!ined in this provision shall be punishedin accordance with the provision o! "ection<MdJ as stated thereto.

N"w w+$n i4 TIP ali0i$/ R)A) >2&3 a4 am$n/$/ #- R)A)1&:' ,r".i/$49

"E2. =. 1ualified %rafficking in )ersons" + 3iolations o! "ection - o! this Act shall beconsidered as :uali!ied tra!!ickingF

MaJ When the tra!!icked person is a childG

MbJ When the adoption is e!!ected through1epublic Act No. ;-$, otherwise known asthe D)nterI2ountry Adoption Act o! <((HD andsaid adoption is !or the purpose o! prostitution,



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 2(

pornography, sexual exploitation, !orced labor,slavery, involuntary servitude or debt bondageG

McJ When the crime is committed by asyndicate, or in large scale. %ra!!icking isdeemed committed by a syndicate i! carriedout by a group o! three M$J or more personsconspiring or con!ederating with one another. )tis deemed committed in large scale i! committed against three M$J or more persons,

individually or as a groupG

MdJ When the o!!ender is a spouse, anascendant, parent, sibling, guardian or aperson who exercises authority over thetra!!icked person or when the o!!ense iscommitted by a public o!!icer or employeeG

MeJ When the tra!!icked person is recruited toengage in prostitution with any member o! themilitary or law en!orcement agenciesG

M!J When the o!!ender is a member o! themilitary or law en!orcement agenciesG

MgJ When by reason or on occasion o! the acto! tra!!icking in persons, the o!!ended partydies, becomes insane, su!!ers mutilation or isa!!licted with 9uman )mmunode!iciency 3irusM9)3J or the Ac:uired )mmune 8e!iciency"yndrome MA)8"JG

MhJ When the o!!ender commits one or moreviolations o! "ection - over a period o! sixtyM=J or more days, whether those days arecontinuous or notG and

MiJ When the o!!ender directs or throughanother manages the tra!!icking victim incarrying out the exploitative purpose o! tra!!icking.

n/$r !+$ 4,$ial law "n TIP a4 am$n/$/% $.$n ,r"m"!in6TIP i4 ,ni4+a#l$) W+a! a!4 ar$ "n4i/$r$/ a4 ,r"m"!in6TIP

"E2. H. Acts that )romote %rafficking in)ersons" V %he !ollowing acts which promoteor !acilitate tra!!icking in persons, shall beunlaw!ulF

MaJ %o knowingly lease or sublease, use or allow to be used any house, building or

establishment !or the purpose o! promotingtra!!icking in personsG

MbJ %o produce, print and issue or distributeunissued, tampered or !ake counselingcerti!icates, registration stickers, overseasemployment certi!icates or other certi!icates o! any government agency which issues thesecerti!icates, decals and such other markers asproo! o! compliance with governmentregulatory and preIdeparture re:uirements !or the purpose o! promoting tra!!icking inpersonsG

McJ %o advertise, publish, print, broadcast or distribute, or cause the advertisement,publication, printing, broadcasting or distribution by any means, including the use o! in!ormation technology and the internet, o! anybrochure, !lyer, or any propaganda materialthat promotes tra!!icking in personsG

MdJ %o assist in the conduct o! misrepresentation or !raud !or purposes o! !acilitating the ac:uisition o! clearances andnecessary exit documents !rom governmentagencies that are mandated to provide preI

departure registration and services !or departing persons !or the purpose o! promoting tra!!icking in personsG

MeJ %o !acilitate, assist or help in the exit andentry o! persons !romLto the country atinternational and local airports, territorialboundaries and seaports who are inpossession o! unissued, tampered or !raudulent travel documents !or the purpose o!

promoting tra!!icking in personsG

M!J %o con!iscate, conceal, or destroy thepassport, travel documents, or personaldocuments or belongings o! tra!!icked personsin !urtherance o! tra!!icking or to prevent them!rom leaving the country or seeking redress!rom the government or appropriate agenciesGand

%his includes victims abroad whosedocuments are con!iscated by their employers.#asali ito dito7

MgJ %o knowingly bene!it !rom, !inancial or otherwise, or make use o!, the labor or services o! a person held to a condition o! involuntary servitude, !orced labor, or slavery.

MhJ %o tamper with, destroy, or cause thedestruction o! evidence, or to in!luence or attempt to in!luence witnesses, in aninvestigation or prosecution o! a case under this ActG

MiJ %o destroy, conceal, remove, con!iscate or possess, or attempt to destroy, conceal,remove, con!iscate or possess, any actual or

purported passport or other travel, immigrationor working permit or document, or any other actual or purported government identi!ication,o! any person in order to prevent or restrict, or attempt to prevent or restrict, without law!ulauthority, the personKs liberty to move or travelin order to maintain the labor or services o! that personG or

M*J %o utiliCe his or her o!!ice to impede theinvestigation, prosecution or execution o! law!ul orders in a case under this Act.6

C"n0i/$n!iali!-) Cl"4$/*/""r in.$4!i6a!i"n% ,r"4$!i"n "r

!rial) T+$ nam$ an/ ,$r4"nal irm4!an$4 "0 !+$ !ra00i5$/,$r4"n "r an- "!+$r in0"rma!i"n !$n/in6 !" $4!a#li4+ !+$i/$n!i!- "0 !+$ !ra00i5$/ ,$r4"n an/ +i4 "r +$r 0amil- 4+alln"! #$ /i4l"4$/ !" !+$ ,#li) I! 4+all #$ nlaw0l !" a4$,#lii!- "0 !+$ nam$% ,$r4"nal irm4!an$4% "r an-in0"rma!i"n !$n/in6 !" $4!a#li4+ !+$ i/$n!i!- "0 !+$ !ra00i5$/,$r4"n)

"E2. +. 2onfidentiality" + At any stage o! theinvestigation, rescue, prosecution and trial o! an o!!ense under this Act, law en!orcemento!!icers, prosecutors, *udges, court personnel,social workers and medical practitioners, aswell as parties to the case, shall protect theright to privacy o! the tra!!icked person.%owards this end, law en!orcement o!!icers,prosecutors and *udges to whom the complainthas been re!erred may, whenever necessaryto ensure a !air and impartial proceeding, anda!ter considering all circumstances !or the bestinterest o! the parties, order a closedIdoor investigation, prosecution or trial. %he nameand personal circumstances o! the tra!!ickedperson or any other in!ormation tending toestablish the identity o! the tra!!icked personand his or her !amily shall not be disclosed tothe public.




)t shall be unlaw!ul !or any editor, publisher,and reporter or columnist in case o! printedmaterials, announcer or producer in case o! television and radio, producer and director o! a!ilm in case o! the movie industry, or anyperson utiliCing triImedia !acilities or electronicin!ormation technology to cause publicity o! thename, personal circumstances, or anyin!ormation tending to establish the identity o! the tra!!icked person except when thetra!!icked person in a written statement dulynotariCed knowingly, voluntarily and willinglywaives said con!identiality.

4aw en!orcement o!!icers, prosecutors, *udges,court personnel, social workers and medicalpractitioners shall be trained on the importanceo! maintaining con!identiality as a means toprotect the right to privacy o! victims and toencourage victims to !ile complaints.

"E2. ; .nitiation and )rosecution of *ases" +

MaJ .nitiation of .nvestigation" V 4aw

en!orcement agencies are mandated toimmediately initiate investigation and counterItra!!ickingIintelligence gathering upon receipto! statements or a!!idavit !rom victims o! tra!!icking, migrant workers, or their !amilieswho are in possession o! knowledge or in!ormation about tra!!icking in persons cases.

MbJ )rosecution of *ases" + Any person whohas personal knowledge o! the commission o! any o!!ense under this Act, such as thetra!!icked person, the parents, spouse,siblings, children or legal guardian may !ile acomplaint !or tra!!icking.

McJ Affidavit of 0esistance" + 2ases involvingtra!!icking in persons should not be dismissedbased on the a!!idavit o! desistance executedby the victims or their parents or legalguardians. &ublic and private prosecutors aredirected to oppose and mani!est ob*ections tomotions !or dismissal.

Any act involving the means provided in this Act or any attempt thereo! !or the purpose o! securing an A!!idavit o! 8esistance !rom thecomplainant shall be punishable under this

Act.6

W+$r$ /" -" 0il$ a "m,lain! 0"r TIPWhere the crime is committed or any o! its essential elementsoccured because it is considered as a continuing crime or wherethe victim actually resides at the time o! the commission o! theo!!ense.N"!$ !+a! 4$ i4 al4" ,ni4+a#l$ n/$r TIP

"E2. <<. 2se of %rafficked )ersons" + Anyperson who buys or engages the services o! atra!!icked person !or prostitution shall bepenaliCed with the !ollowingF )rovided, %hatthe &robation 4aw M&residential 8ecree No.(=;J shall not applyF

MaJ )rision *orreccional in its maximum period

to prision mayor or six M=J years to twelve M<Jyears imprisonment and a !ine o! not less than/i!ty thousand pesos M&H,.J but notmore than 0ne hundred thousand pesosM&<,.JF )rovided, however, %hat the!ollowing acts shall be exempted theretoF

M<J )! an o!!ense under paragraph MaJ involvessexual intercourse or lascivious conduct with achild, the penalty shall be reclusion temporal inits medium period to reclusion perpetua or seventeen M<+J years to !orty M-J yearsimprisonment and a !ine o! not less than /ive

hundred thousand pesos M&H,.J butnot more than 0ne million pesosM&<,,.JG

MJ )! an o!!ense under paragraph MaJ involvescarnal knowledge o!, or sexual intercoursewith, a male or !emale tra!!icking victim andalso involves the use o! !orce or intimidation, toa victim deprived o! reason or to anunconscious victim, or a victim under twelve

M<J years o! age, instead o! the penaltyprescribed in the subparagraph above thepenalty shall be a !ine o! not less than 0nemillion pesos M&<,,.J but not morethan /ive million pesos M&H,,.J andimprisonment o! reclusion perpetua or !ortyM-J years imprisonment with no possibility o! paroleG except that i! a person violatingparagraph MaJ o! this section knows the personthat provided prostitution services is in !act avictim o! tra!!icking, the o!!ender shall not belikewise penaliCed under this section but under "ection < as a person violating "ection -Gand i! in committing such an o!!ense, theo!!ender also knows a :uali!ying circumstance

!or tra!!icking, the o!!ender shall be penaliCedunder "ection < !or :uali!ied tra!!icking. )! inviolating this section the o!!ender also violates"ection -, the o!!ender shall be penaliCedunder "ection < and, i! applicable, !or :uali!ied tra!!icking instead o! under thissectionG

MbJ 0eportation" V )! a !oreigner commits anyo!!ense described by paragraph M<J or MJ o! this section or violates any pertinent provisiono! this Act as an accomplice or accessory to,or by attempting any such o!!ense, he or sheshall be immediately deported a!ter serving his

or her sentence and be barred permanently!rom entering the countryG and

McJ )ublic 3fficial" + )! the o!!ender is a publico!!icial, he or she shall be dismissed !romservice and shall su!!er perpetual absolutedis:uali!ication to hold public, o!!ice, in additionto any imprisonment or !ine received pursuantto any other provision o! this Act.

N"w Pr$4ri,!i"n) TIP 4+all ,r$4ri#$ in 1& -$ar4% i0 "mmi!!$/ #- a 4-n/ia!$ "r in lar6$ 4al$ "r a6ain4! a+il/% ,r$4ri#$4 in 2& -$ar4)

"E2. <. )rescriptive )eriod" V %ra!!ickingcases under this Act shall prescribe in ten M<JyearsF )rovided, however, %hat tra!!ickingcases committed by a syndicate or in a largescale as de!ined under "ection =, or against achild, shall prescribe in twenty MJ years.

%he prescriptive period shall commence to run!rom the day on which the tra!!icked person is/$li.$r$/ "r r$l$a4$/ 0r"m !+$ "n/i!i"n4"0 #"n/a6$, or in the case o! a child victim,0r"m !+$ /a- !+$ +il/ r$a+$4 !+$ a6$ "0 ma="ri!-, and shall be interrupted by the !ilingo! the complaint or in!ormation and shallcommence to run again when the proceedingsterminate without the accused being convicted

or ac:uitted or are un*usti!iably stopped !or anyreason not imputable to the accused.

N"!$ al4" !+a! !+$ "n4$n! "0 !+$ !ra00i5$/ ,$r4"n4 i4irr$l$.an! n/$r !+$ law) T+i4 i4 4all- /$0$n4$) B! in TIP%"n$ !+$ : $l$m$n!4 ar$ $4!a#li4+$/ i! /"$4n! ma!!$r i0 i! i4wi!+ "r wi!+"! "n4$n! "0 !+$ Tra00i5$/ ,$r4"n)

"E2. <+IB. .rrelevance of )ast -exual Behavior, 3pinion %hereof or (eputation of 4ictims and of *onsent of 4ictims in *ases of 0eception, *oercion and 3ther )rohibited



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 2<

5eans" + %he past sexual behavior or thesexual predisposition o! a tra!!icked personshall be considered inadmissible in evidence!or the purpose o! proving consent o! the victimto engage in sexual behavior, or to prove thepredisposition, sexual or otherwise, o! atra!!icked person. /urthermore, the consent o! a victim o! tra!!icking to the intendedexploitation shall be irrelevant where any o! the means set !orth in "ection $MaJ o! this Acthas been used.

Al4" n"!$ !+a! !ra00i5$/ ,$r4"n4 a4 w$ll a4 !" law $n0"r$r an/ 4"ial w"r5$r4 an/ "!+$r ,$r4"n4 a!in6 #- .ir!$ "0 a.ali/ "r/$r ar$ all 6i.$n l$6al ,r"!$!i"n n/$r !+$ law)

"E2. <+. #egal )rotection to %rafficked )ersons" + %ra!!icked persons shall berecogniCed as victims o! the act or acts o! tra!!icking and as such, shall not be penaliCed!or unlaw!ul acts committed as a direct resulto!, or as an incident or in relation to, beingtra!!icked based on the acts o! tra!!ickingenumerated in this Act or in obedience to theorder made by the tra!!icker in relation thereto.)n this regard, the consent o! a tra!!ickedperson to the intended exploitation set !orth inthis Act shall be irrelevant.

3ictims o! tra!!icking !or purposes o! prostitution as de!ined under "ection - o! this

Act are not covered by Article o! the1evised &enal 2ode and as such, shall not beprosecuted, !ined, or otherwise penaliCedunder the said law.

"E2. <+IA. %emporary *ustody of %rafficked 4ictims" V %he rescue o! victims should bedone as much as possible with the assistance

o! the 8"W8 or an accredited N>0 thatservices tra!!icked victims. A law en!orcemento!!icer, on a reasonable suspicion that aperson is a victim o! any o!!ense de!ined under this Act including attempted tra!!icking, shallimmediately place that person in thetemporary custody o! the local social wel!areand development o!!ice, or any accredited or licensed shelter institution devoted toprotecting tra!!icked persons a!ter the rescue.

"E2. <+I2. .mmunity from -uit, )rohibited Acts and .njunctive (emedies" V No action or suit shall be brought, instituted or maintained

in any court or tribunal or be!ore any other authority against anyF MaJ law en!orcemento!!icerG MbJ social workerG or McJ person actingin compliance with a law!ul order !rom any o! the above, !or law!ul acts done or statementsmade during an authoriCed rescue operation,recovery or rehabilitationLintervention, or aninvestigation or prosecution o! an antiItra!!icking caseF )rovided, %hat such acts shallhave been made in good !aith.

%he prosecution o! retaliatory suits againstvictims o! tra!!icking shall be held in abeyancepending !inal resolution and decision o! criminal complaint !or tra!!icking.

I! 4+all #$ ,r"+i#i!$/ 0"r !+$ DFA% !+$DOLE% an/ !+$ POEA "00iial4% law$n0"r$m$n! "00i$r4% ,r"4$!"r4 an/

=/6$4 !" r6$ "m,lainan!4 !" a#an/"n!+$ir riminal% i.il an/ a/mini4!ra!i.$"m,lain!4 0"r !ra00i5in6)

%he remedies o! in*unction and attachment o! properties o! the tra!!ickers, illegal recruitersand persons involved in tra!!icking may beissued motu proprio by *udges.6

N$8! i4 a .$r- im,"r!an! ,r".i4i"n "n $8!ra*!$rri!"rial =ri4/i!i"n9

"E2. =IA. /xtra6%erritorial 7urisdiction" + %he"tate shall exercise *urisdiction over any actde!ined and penaliCed under this Act, even i! committed outside the &hilippines and whether or not such act or acts constitute an o!!ense atthe place o! commission, the crime being acontinuing o!!ense, having been commenced

in the &hilippines and other elements havingbeen committed in another country, i! thesuspect or accusedF

MaJ )s a /ilipino citiCenG or

MbJ )s a permanent resident o! the &hilippinesGor

McJ 9as committed the act against a citiCen o! the &hilippines.

No prosecution may be commenced against aperson under this section i! a !oreigngovernment, in accordance with *urisdictionrecogniCed by the &hilippines, has prosecutedor is prosecuting such person !or the conductconstituting such o!!ense, except upon theapproval o! the "ecretary o! ustice.

%he government may surrender or extraditepersons accused o! tra!!icking in the&hilippines to the appropriate internationalcourt i! any, or to another "tate pursuant to theapplicable extradition laws and treaties.

L$! 4 n"w 6" !" !+$ r$la!$/ law4) M$r"n 4imilar ,r"+i#i!i"n4 n/$r !+$ C+il/ A#4$ Law) T+$ /i00$r$n$ i4!+a! !+$ M$an4 an/ E8,l"i!a!i.$ Pr,"4$4 ar$ n"! n$$44ar-in !+$ An!i*C+il/ A#4$ Law QR)A) <1&) Ma- +il/!ra00i5in6 /in n/$r R)A) <1&) S$!i"n < "0 R)A) <1&,r".i/$4@

S$!i"n <) Ahild Traffic2ing ) V Any personwho shall engage in trading and dealing withchildren including, but not limited to, the act o! buying and selling o! a child !or money, or !or any other consideration, or barter, shall su!!er the penalty o! reclusion temporal to reclusionperpetua. %he penalty shall be imposed in itsmaximum period when the victim is under twelve M<J years o! age.

S" 4imilar /i#a) P$r" 0"r $8am,l$ wala 5an6$.i/$n$ "n $8,l"i!a!i.$ ,r,"4$ an/ "r !+$ m$an4%4" ,n!a 5a nalan6 n/$r R)A) <1&)

N"w !+$r$ i4 al4" SE OF CHILDREN) n/$r !+$RPC i! i4 "nl- a66ra.a!in6) H"w$.$r% n/$r R)A)<1& i! i4 "n4i/$r$/ a4 an "00$n4$) N"!$ +"w$.$r !+a! n/$r R)A) <1& $8,l"i!a!i.$ ,r,"4$ i4 n"!n$$/$/)

"ection <. 3ther Acts of 8eglect, Abuse,*ruelty or /xploitation and 3ther *onditions)rejudicial to the *hild9s 0evelopment . V

MeJ Any person who shall use,coerce, !orce or intimidate a streetchild or any other child toG

M<J Beg or use begging as ameans o! livingG

MJ Act as conduit or middlemen in drug tra!!ickingor pushingG or




M$J 2onduct any il legalactivities, shall su!!er thepenalty o! prisioncorreccional in its mediumperiod to reclusion perpetua.

"ection (. 3bscene )ublications and .ndecent -hows. V Any person who shall hire, employ,use, persuade, induce or coerce a child toper!orm in obscene exhibitions and indecent

shows, whether live or in video, or model inobscene publications or pornographicmaterials or to sell or distribute the saidmaterials shall su!!er the penalty o! prisionmayor in its medium period.

)! the child used as a per!ormer, sub*ect or sellerLdistributor is below twelve M<J years o! age, the penalty shall be imposed in itsmaximum period.

Any ascendant, guardian, or person entrustedin any capacity with the care o! a child whoshall cause andLor allow such child to be

employed or to participate in an obscene play,scene, act, movie or show or in any other actscovered by this section shall su!!er the penaltyo! prision mayor in its medium period.

Em,l"-m$n! "0 C+il/r$n9

"ection <. /mployment of *hildren. V2hildren below !i!teen M<HJ years o! age maybe employed exceptF

M<J When a child works directly under the sole responsibility o! his parentsor legal guardian and where only

members o! the employers !amily areemployedF &rovided, however, %hathis employment neither endangershis li!e, sa!ety and health and morals,nor impairs his normal developmentF&rovided, !urther, %hat the parent or legal guardian shall provide the saidminor child with the prescribedprimary andLor secondary educationGor

MJ When a childs employment or participation in public [ entertainmentor in!ormation through cinema,

theater, radio or television isessentialF &rovided, %he employmentcontract concluded by the childsparent or guardian, with the expressagreement o! the child concerned, i! possible, and the approval o! the8epartment o! 4abor andEmploymentF &rovided, %hat the!ollowing re:uirements in allinstances are strictly complied withF

MaJ %he employer shall ensure theprotection, health, sa!ety and moralso! the childG

MbJ the employer shall institutemeasures to prevent the childsexploitation or discrimination takinginto account the system and level o! remuneration, and the duration andarrangement o! working timeG andG

McJ %he employer shall !ormulate andimplement, sub*ect to the approvaland supervision o! competentauthorities, a continuing program !or training and skill ac:uisition o! thechild.

)n the above exceptional cases where anysuch child may be employed, the employer shall !irst secure, be!ore engaging such child,

a work permit !rom the 8epartment o! 4abor and Employment which shall ensureobservance o! the above re:uirement.

%he 8epartment o! 4abor Employment shallpromulgate rules and regulations necessary!or the e!!ective implementation o! this "ection.

OCTOBER 1% 2&1'

PD 1'&( – SECREC OF BANK DEPOSITS ACT

ou cannot in:uire into the bank deposits o! anybody as a rule.

"ection V All deposits o! whatever nature with banks or banking institutions in the &hilippines including investments or bonds issued by the >overnment o! the &hilippines and politicalsubdivisions, instrumentalities are hereby considered as o! absolutely con!idential nature and may not be examined,in:uired or looked into by any person, government o!!icial or o!!ice E2E&%F

<. 5pon written permission o! the depositor . )n cases o! impeachment

2orona )mpeachment V 9e did not want to disclose hisdollar accounts. Why? he was standing on strong legalgrounds.

RA '2 – F"r$i6n Crr$n- D$,"4i!4 A!

"ection ; V all !oreign currency deposits authoriCed under this act as well as other !oreign currency deposits arehereby declared, considered an absolutely con!identialnature and E2E&% upon written permission o! thedepositor, in no instance shall his deposit be examined,reviewed, in:uired or looked into by any person, o!!icial,bureau or o!!ice whether *udicial, administrative or legislativeor any other entity whether private or public. &rovidedhowever, this !oreign currency shall be exempt !romattachment, garnishment or any other law!ul order or process o! the court, or any government agency.

9ere, written consent is the 0N4 exception.

$. )n case o! order o! the court in cases o! bribery,

dereliction o! duty o! public o!!icials

But this is allegedly useless because you are supposed tobe looking !or illIgotten wealth, you can only in:uire whenthe case is already !iled in court, precisely. 9ow can youknow na marami yung laman, ang alam mo lang maramisiyang pera. )n the !irst place, we should be looking,investigating.

-. )n cases where the money deposited or invested is thesub*ect matter o! the litigation

But it presupposes na alam mo magkano ang laman. ouknow very well it is there. But you cannot in:uire7

"ection $ V )t shall be unlaw!ul !or any o!!icial or employee or banking institution to disclose to any person any in!ormationconcerning deposits.

%his is my introduction to ANTI MONE LANDERING ACT)%his relaxes the aboveImentioned laws.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 2>

)t is a crime whereby the proceeds o! unlaw!ul activity aretransacted thereby making them appear to have been li:uidated!rom legitimate sources. /rom criminal activities introduced intothe !inancial system and then pag labas nyan !rom varioustransactions, !rom that account trans!erred to another accountpasok mo sa corporation until later the money launderer will getthat money clean na siya making them appear to originate !romlegitimate sources.

"alient /eaturesF

<. 2riminaliCes money laundering.Be!ore this Act, there was no law punishing moneylaundering.

. )denti!ies predicate o!!enses.

All these money comes !rom somewhere. We are a!ter those money kaya tinatawag silang dirty money, becausethese are !rom criminal o!!enses, called predicate o!!enses.

2ompliance 1e:uirementsF

<. )denti!y PPPPP.

8i na pwede yung ginawa ni Erap dati na 3elarde Account.'ust be identi!ied already.

. )nstitutionaliCe the reporting o! suspicious transcations.$. /reeCing accounts L !or!eiture o! money !or ill gotten

money transactions.

ElementsF

<. 5nlaw!ul activity L predicate crimes. 'onetary instrument or property$. Attempt to transact-. #nowledge that monetary instrument or property

proceeds !rom the unlaw!ul activity

5N4AW/54 A2%)3)% L&1E8)2A%E 21)'E"

Any act or omission, series or combination o! unlaw!ul acts.5nlike &lunder na serious or combination, dito pwede single actlang talaga. But it can also be combination o! acts. Basta it hassomething to do withF

<. #idnapping with ransom. 8rug tra!!icking 1A $<($. &lunder-. 1obbery extortionH. @uali!ied the!t=. "windling+. "muggling;. Arson(. 'urder <. "E2<<. /elonies and o!!enses o! a similar nature MtransInational

o!!enseJ where money will be introduced here and goesout somewhere in the Bahamas,etc.

<. %errorism !inancing<$. Mmarami pa, not mentioned by sir until $-J

'0NE%A1 )N"%15'EN% 01 &10&E1%

#ahit ano nalang dito. 2ash, checks, notes,negotiableinstruments, bonds, acontracts o! insurance, suretyship, or other similar instruments with the title assets.

What are reportable transactions?

%here are transactions in cash or other e:uivalent monetaryinstrument involving a total money in excess o! H# within <day. )t covers suspicious transactions and covered transactionso! covered institutions.

What are covered institutions?

%hese are the banks or entities re:uired under the law to reportcovered and suspicious transactions. %his includes banks, allother entities, subsidiaries a!!iliated, regulated by the B"&.)nsurance companies, preIneed companies, all other institutionsregulated by the )nsurance 2ommission. "ecurities dealers andall other entities regulated by the "E2. #asama ang *ewelrydealers i! the transaction involves <million or above. )ncludingalso the 41A !or real estate purchases o! H# and above. Butthe casinos are not included kay di musugot ang 2ongress.

2overed %ransactions

2overed transactions in excess o! H# in < day, the bank issupposed to report to the A'4A. %he !ollowing day naa pudwithdrawal or deposit in excess o! H#, report ka nanaman.

"uspicious %ransactions

9owever even i! it does not exceed H#, you are still mandatedto report i! it is a suspicious transaction. )t includes the !ollowingFwhen there is no underlying trade, economic *usti!ication, moneydoes not commensurate to the business o! the client, there isstructuring like depositing only -# a day, there is a pattern, or

deviating !rom the pattern o! his !inancial transactions.Whether it be covered transactions exceeding H# or suspicious transactions not exceeding -#, the coveredinstitutions are sanctioned to report to A'4A.

Who are the o!!enders?

<. %he person who transacts or attempts to transact themoney launderer himsel! or hersel!.

. %he !acilitator who assists the money launderer $. 2overed institutions that do not report to the A'4A the

suspicious and the covered transactions

9ow do you launder money?

<. ou introduce it ! irst to the !inancial system by

depositing.. 4ayering, you distance yoursel! !rom that moneythrough various transactions.

$. )ntegration where it is made available to you again butitKs clean already.

)! you have money !rom illegal sources, what can you do withmoney?

<. ou spend the money, makikita yan. %he point is, it willsomehow be noticed.

. ou deposit it into the system.$. ou keep it para hindi makita ng government.

/reeCe order

)t only takes a resolution !rom A'4A !iling ex parte petition to the

2A who will issue the !reeCe order a!ter !inding probable cause.)t is e!!ective !or days unless extended by 2A upon motion by

A'4A not exceeding = months. 8uring the e!!ectivity, A'4A canavail itsel! o! other remedies, in:uiries, !or!eiture,!iling o! A'4A case. 2overed institutions shall not li!t the !reeCeorder without securing the o!!icial con!irmation o! the A'4A.

No court may issue %10 or Writ o! preliminary in*unction exceptthe "2. %his is to protect the politicians wala silang !unds pangelection. No asset o! an electoral candidate shall be !roCenduring an election period.

2ivil /or!eiture

1ecovery o! ill gotten wealth is imprescriptible, that is civil!or!eiture. %here is no need o! prior conviction. A'4A, under this

law, only grants civil !or!eiture. )t is only a petition directed to theproperty. urisdiction over the person is not necessary.

Attachment bond

When the "tate litigates, it is not re:uired to put up a bond !or damages or even an appeal bond. %his is not re:uired.

2riminal /or!eiture

%here is a need o! prior conviction because he amassed illIgotten wealth. urisdiction over the person is necessary.

O!"#$r 1<% 2&1'

Ar!il$ 2>:) ho are guilty of robbery" I Any person who, wi

property belonging to another, by means o! violence or intimi

anything shall be guilty o! robbery.

%his !elony you have to give attention to because this is similar to other !elonies.

El$m$n!4 "0 R"##$r-<. %here sub*ect matter is personal property&ersonal property V that is why, the o!t repeated :uote ) wasrobbed o! my land that land is mine.6 %hat is not robberybecause in robbery, it involves personal property.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 :&

. %he property belongs to another %ake note, it doenst say about ownership, the personal propertythat you got !rom another, even i! he is not the owner, that is stillrobbery. "uppose A, the personal property o! A was stolen by B,and you also stole that property. 1eklamo ka nga di manarobbery kay gikawat man gihapon na niya. Wala mang sinabiditto na ikaw ang owner. &ersonal property belonging toanother6 it doesnKt re:uire that you have to be the owner.

"uppose at gun point, you got the sachet o! shabu belong to A, itis illegal, is that robbery? Wala ding sinabi na legal ang dapatmong iIrob. /or academic purposes, that is, even i! it is illegal,still robbery because personal property belonging to another.

$. %here must be unlaw!ul taking o! the personal propertyMA"&01%A%)0NJ%his is what you call asportation. ou donKt have to, as longas the property is under your control, that is robbery already,even i! your possession is momentary. %hat is alreadyrobbery. )! he got the property sandal tapos pagtakbo maypulis pala, even i! momentary that is robbery, alreadyconsummated.

-. %here must be intent to gain on the part o! the o!!ender H. %he o!!ender takes the property byF

a. means o! violence or intimidation against persons, orb. using !orce upon things

1obbery is with intent to gain. All the elements are thereI apublic o!!icer or a private individual may be an o!!ender in arobbery. 5sually robbery, hold up with violence against persons>ive me money or ) will kill you6 that could also be a threat, )will kill you6. %apos made a condition. But the di!!erence is, thethreat is carried out in the !uture, not now. #ung ganyan, youdemand !rom me !or money tapos merong threat and the threatis in the !uture, doon ka sa threat. "o similarly, hold up, i! youdonKt give me money now, ) will kill you, the threat is absorbed byrobbery. %he threat is now, not in the !uture. )! there is no intentto gain, suppose someone owes you money, patyon tika ronkung di ko nimo bayran6 so you compel somebody to do

something against his will but there is no intent to gain there, thatwill be coercion. %here must be element o! intent to gain.

Eto pa, 1obbery there must be H. %he o!!ender takes theproperty by means o! violence or intimidation against persons, or using !orce upon things. "o yan.

going back to taking o! property belonging to another, examplenawala mo yung laptop mo, then you !orce someone to give uphis laptop to you and it turns out na iyo yun, since it doesnKtbelong to him, because it belongs to you then that is not robbery.%hat is an impossible crime.

What is asked by dean )nigo is this, what i! you rob not !or your sel! but !or others?

ou rob rich people to give to poor people, there is still intent togain because there is some satis!action !rom doing an act. %hatis still intent to gain.

%here is also a similar crime, Bribery. "imilar."uppose somebody is red handed in possessing illegalsubstance, pero ikaw police, binigyan ka nya ng pera. "o thatyou will not arrest the o!!ender. #unyari sabihin mo i! you donKtgive us money, we will !abricate a case against you, nasa kotsemo yan6 ano man yan? that is bribery. )t can be :uali!ied bribery,depending on the penalty, depending on the crime committed. )tcan be privaricacion. "o becare!ul with the elements. %wist the!acts then meron nang ibang crime.

Di4!in!i"n49

ROBBER GRAVE THREATS<. %he threatened harm ispresent and actual

%he threat is conditional or !uture

. %he gain is immediate, heis getting the money or thingnow

%he gain is conditional or in!uture

$. %he person threatened isthe victim o! the robbery

%he threat might be on your person or that o! your !amily

-. %he intimidation ispersonal

)t might be in writing or through a middleman

1obbery v. >rave 2oercion

Di4!in!i"n49

ROBBER GRAVE COERCION%here is intent to gain %here is N0 intent to gain

)n the next section, you will see various kinds o! committingrobbery. %hese are variations o! robbery.

Ar!il$ 2>') (obbery with violence against or intimidation of

robbery with the use o! violence against or intimidation o! any per <. %he penalty o! reclusion perpetua to death, when by reason

homicide shall have been committed.. %he penalty o! reclusion temporal in its medium period to reclu

been accompanied by rape or intentional mutilation, or i! by rea

the physical in*uries penaliCed in subdivision < o! Article =$ sh

that when the robbery accompanied with rape is committed with

persons, the penalty shall be reclusion perpetua to death MAs am$. %he penalty o! reclusion temporal, when by reason or on oc

in*uries penaliCed in subdivision o! the article mentioned in the

in!licted.-. %he penalty o! prision mayor in its maximum period to reclu

violence or intimidation employed in the commission o! the rob

clearly unnecessary !or the commission o! the crime, or when th

have in!licted upon any person not responsible !or its commissi

subIdivisions $ and - o! said Article $.H. %he penalty o! prision correccional in its maximum period to

cases. MAs amended by 1. A. <;J.

1obbery with violence against and intimidation against persons.

<. %he penalty o! reclusion perpetua to death, when byreason or on occasion o! the robbery, the crime o! homicide shall have been committed.

%his is a special complex crime.

What i! you rob your mother and !ather? %hen you kill them, is itrobbery with homicide? 8iba parricide mana kay gipatay mannimo sila? 0r suppose there was :uali!ying circumstance !or murder. "hould it be robbery with murder? When you say robber with homicide, it is generic. )t re!ers to any kind o! killing Vparricide, in!anticide, murder. )t does not solely re!er to homicideunder -;. )t is generic, any killing.

And the issue there, in the case o! &E0&4E vs'AN>54ABNAN, tung naa sa kisame, iyang mga anak, asawanaa sa baba, siya naa sa kisame, human isa ka robber to controlthe crowd, he !ired a shot in the air and un!ortunately, the guy hewas there. %he robbers didnKt know that he shot somebody. 'ao

gi!ilan silag robbery with homicide. "o tingan mo *an, robberywith homicide6 when homicide shall have been committed6, they:uestioned why they should be guilty, because committed6means intentional. %his is erroneous translation o! the "panishtext because the "panish text says 1esultare6 in other words,this should be the crime o! homicide shall have resulted6 itdoesnKt mean intentional. )t can be intentional or not. )t simplymeans that during the course o! the robbery, death shall haveresulted. )t doesnKt matter kung intentional or not. )t doesnKt evenmatter even i! the one who was killed was the robber, it is stillrobbery with homicide. 0kay? )t is not necessary that the onewho was killed be the victims or one o! the victims. Even i! one o! the robbers dies in the course o! robbery, it is still robbery withhomicide.

Now, is there such a thing, a robbery is committed by a band andthe person dies during the course o! robbery, is it proper tocharge them with robbery with homicide in a band? 8iba?&wede bay an? 1obbery with homicide in a band or robbery in aband with homicide?

&E0&4E vs "5>8ANM"5>ANJ 'arch $, <<F "2 said, i! robbery is committed by a band and a homicide results, it wouldstill be denominated as 1obbery with 9omicide. %he element o! band is considered as an aggravating circumstance. Not robberyby a band with homicide, there is no such thing.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 :1

Another issue, when should the death occur? #asi nga sinasabi *an, by reason o! or on the occasion o! robbery, will it be robberywith homicide )! death occurs be!ore? 8uring? A!ter? )tKs still thesame. &ero i! a!ter, not be < day a!ter, it must be a reasonabletime a!ter. %he killing still has a relation to the robbery. Anyway,the ruling, the death may occur during, be!ore or a!ter &E0&4Evs BA10N>LBA10N une ;, <. pointsF you are chargingsomebody with robbery with homicide. )s it robbery or is ithomicide? )pinagsama mo sila, robbery crimes against property,homicide is crimes against persons. %ake not when you commitrobbery with homicide, the main o!!ense is robbery. And in thiscase, the conviction, there must be certainty that robbery wasthe main intention o! the male!actor and that the killing is merelyincidental. %he intent to rob must precede the taking o! humanli!e. But the killing may occur be!ore, during or a!ter the robbery.%he premise is that, there is intent to rob. When a homicidetakes place, all those who took part shall be guilty o! robberywith homicide, WLN they actually participated in the killing.5nless there is proo!, there was an endeavor to stop the killing.%here must be an attempt to stop the assault, otherwise, apil ka.

Now, the same thing is true with respect to, when there is arobbery, not only < person was killed, there are many. Would thatbe, robbery with multiple homicide? %here is no such thing. %hecrime is really, robbery with homicide only even i! several

persons were killed.

)! robbery shall be committed with rape, arson. "upposingdaghan ang girape, still the same. 1obbery with rape.

%he issue actually here is, how are you going to treat the other killings or other rape. "till robbery with homicide or rape, other killings or other rape shall be treated as aggravatingcircumstance. 'ay mga cases na ganyan.

)n the case o! 1egala and &eople vs "ultan, April +, +, the"2 said, on several cases, the additional rapes in the sameoccasion committed in a robbery shall not be treated as separateo!!ense or serve to aggravate the o!!ense but there are alsocertain cases wherein this court said that multiplicity o! rapes

committed shall be appreciated as an aggravating circumstance.

/inally, in the case o! 1egala, additional rapes, "2 said it shallnot be appreciated as an aggravating circumstance despite theanomalous situation wherein robbery with rape shall be treatedas robbery with multiple rape despite the multiplicity. %he courtrealiCed that there was no law which provides that it must beappreciated as aggravating circumstance. Article <- is exclusiveunlike article <$, which provides !or analogous circumstances.%he remedy is with the legislature.

)! committed by a band, aggravating pero i! multiple rapes or homicide, hindi aggravating kasi there is no law. Although o! course, walang law, yung band, article <- because it is anaggravating circumstance.

Again, the "2 admits that it is an anomalous situation because itis e:ual !ooting, robbery with rapeLhomicide and robbery withmultiple rape and homicide. )t is un!air.

4et us go back to the time when the death occurs.

Example o! that is this<. "uppose, ) take your wallet, my intention is to take your

wallet, but in order to do that without resistance, ) willkill you !irst. %here must be intent to rob, so the killing isbe!ore the robbery. %hat is still robbery with homicide

. 8uring the taking, sige kag struggle samuka nimo uy.$. A!ter, pagkakuha mo ng property, pinatay mo siya.

Be!ore during a!ter is homicide.

)t would be di!!erent story i! we talk about physical in*uries.

"o the purpose, i! the purpose is the other way around, meaning,your purpose is to kill, tapos a!ter you kill, maganda yung reloniya ah or necklace, so you start getting all these ano, it cannotbe robbery with homicide. )t should be murder or homicide.&aano yan maging robbery na patay na man yang kinuhaanmo?? %hat will be the!t. No more intimidation, no violenceagainst !or the reason na patay na. there will be separatecrimes.

%his one, with respect to robbery with rape. 1emember the caseo! Angeles? #adtong gi rob ang babae tapos a!ter robbing,gidala siya ng robbers, ang ibang robbers nag uwian tapos yungisa, nang rape. %hey were all charged with 1obbery with rape."2 said, that cannot be because yung a!ter niya6 matagal natalaga, is separated by time and distance it cannot beconsidered as in the course o! or a!ter robbery. "2 said, there isrobbery. What about the rape? 1emember, kinuha mo munasiya, ibang intent yun. %apos ni rape. )ba yung robbery, that is aseparate o!!ense and another o!!ense, a complex crime o! !orcible abduction with rape under Article -;, not special complexbut complex under -;.

1obbery with serious physical in*uries. Again, the determining!actor, by reason or on occasion o! robbery there was seriousphysical in*uries which results and it re!ers to, anyway. 1elated tosub divisions in =$. "o this will cover also, not only seriousphysical in*uries but also, less serious. Because i! you will notice,basahin nyo *an. as long as there is violence or initimidation, soyung less serious &), dun siya papasok sa violence, there wasviolence committed in the course o! robbery. ung sa slight, dunsiya sa other cases.

Now, what you have to be care!ul is this. %here is a di!!erentstory i! physical in*uries ang kasama ng robbery. Because it says

here in paragraph -, when the course o! its execution, theo!!ender shall have in!licted upon any person not responsible !or its commission any o! the physical in*uries covered by subIdivisions $ and - o! said Article $. Nawala na yung by reasono!6 that is !ound in the law, is in the course o! execution6. %hesein*uries must be committed in the course o! execution and not byreason o!.

"a paragraphs <, ,$, the death, serious &), may be committedbe!ore during a!ter.

0ne who is divested o! his wallet, by a pickpocket, dinukutansiya. Anyway. #asi diba, i! there is no, the personal property istaken, now, tapos nagsisigaw ngayon, a!ter na. binalikan mongayon, imong kinulata. )s that robbery? Wala man yung

violence with initimidation, pero i! serious &), or gipatay gyudnimo, that would !all under robbery with homicide. 3iolenceagainst, ang importante, which paragraph, <,,$,, angimportante, on the occasion o!, or by reason o! robbery. Becauseeven i! the violence is committed a!ter, it is still robbery. &eroyung itong last sub division, ang naka lagay nalang is in thecourse o!6. #ung a!ter, like slight &), dinukutan, tapos nagsisikaw,gibalikanm gisagpa paghilom6 what is that? 1obbery withserious physical in*uries? 8i na pwedeng mangyari yun, theviolence should be in the course o! robbery, kani di man siyamag !all under paragraph <,,$ and it was not committed in thecourse o!. 5nsa mana? )ntimidation lang. ang labas non, merongthe!t. &ero kunyari sinabihan mo ng paghilom ha kundi patyontika6 that is also intimidation, pero din a yan yung robbery with!orce or intimidation6 because wala naman ikaw ginawa, no

violence there. >i threaten mo a!ter, then there will be separatecrimes. %he!t and threats.

Be care!ul about that. )t makes a lot o! di!!erence by reason o!6as to what crime was committed, depending when the violenceor intimidation was committed and kung ano ang nangyari.

0kay.

Ar!il$ 2>() R"##$r- wi!+ ,+-4ial in=ri$4% "mmi!!$/ in an nin+a#i

"0 0ir$arm "n a 4!r$$!% r"a/ "r all$-) * I0 !+$ "00$n4$4 m$n!i"n$/ in

n$8! ,r$$/in6 ar!il$ 4+all +a.$ #$$n "mmi!!$/ in an nin+a#i!$

m".in6 !rain% 4!r$$! ar% m"!"r .$+il$ "r air4+i,% "r #- $n!$rin6 !+$

in an- mann$r% !a5in6 !+$ ,a44$n6$r4 !+$r$"0 #- 4r,ri4$ in !+$ r$4,

+i6+wa-% "r all$-% an/ !+$ in!imi/a!i"n i4 ma/$ wi!+ !+$ 4$ "0 a 0ir !+$ ma8imm ,$ri"/ "0 !+$ ,r",$r ,$nal!i$4)

In !+$ 4am$ a4$4% !+$ ,$nal!- n$8! +i6+$r in /$6r$$ 4+all #$ im,"4$

2ommitted in an uninhabited place or by a band.

With physical in*uries ni siya, or with use o! !ire arms. "o speci!icang grounds niya. %ake note o! use o! !ire arm, i! violence isused, then maximum penalty.

Now, letKs go back sandali sa (-.




&aragraph - o! (-F in the course o! its execution. ) told youearlier, that the victim o! the violence may be one o! the robbersMrobbery with homicide even i! one o! the robbers was killedJ. )nparagraph -, it must not be one o! the robbers, not responsible6,yung kanina, i! responsible kasama sya dun, in paragraph -,should not be one o! the robbers. 0kay ha. "o.

8e!inition o! band, more than $ armed men or women. Armed,alam niyo nay an.

/irearm is unlicensed, maximum.

Ar!il$ 2>) 0efinition of a band and penalty incurred by the members thereof"

male!actors take part in the commission o! a robbery, it shall be deemed to have been committed by a band. When

any o! the arms used in the commission o! the o!!ense be an unlicensed !irearm, the penalty to be imposed upon all

the male!actors shall be the maximum o! the corresponding penalty provided by law, without pre*udice o! the criminal

liability !or illegal possession o! such unlicensed !irearms.

Any member o! a band who is present at the commission o! a robbery by the band, shall be punished as principal o!

any o! the assaults committed by the band, unless it be shown that he attempted to prevent the same.

"o (+, special.

Ar!il$ 2><) Attempted and frustrated robbery committed under certain circumstances"

occasion o! an attempted or !rustrated robbery a homicide is committed, the person guilty o! such o!!enses shall bepunished by reclusion temporal in its maximum period to reclusion perpetua, unless the homicide committed shall

deserve a higher penalty under the provisions o! this 2ode.

%his is special complex but, it only applies by reason o! or onoccasion o! attempted or !rustrated robbery. And then deathoccurs.

2an this apply the other way around? "uppose it is thehomicide, !rustrated or attempted, and the robbery was baliktadba. No, that cannot apply because the law speci!ically providesna, !rustrated robbery or attempted robbery, human, mayhomicide. un lang yun siya. "o that i! there is consummatedrobbery and attempted homicide, iba yun. We cannot use -; !or

that. )t can be separate. )t will !all under -; i! one crime iscommitted to perpetrate the other, then apply -;, or i! oneo!!ense results to or more grave or less grave, then doon ka sa-;. )! not, then separate.

Ar!il$ 2>3) /xecution of deeds by means of violence or intimidation"

another, by means o! violence or intimidation, shall compel him to sign, execute or deliver any public instrument or

documents, shall be held guilty o! robbery and punished by the penalties respectively prescribed in this 2hapter.

ust take note, there is attempt to de!raud, by means o! violence.)t has speci!ic applicability only to the execution or delivery o! public instrument.

)t is very similar to grave coercion. But here there is intent togain. ou compel somebody, with !orce and intimidation withintent to gain, then (; siya. "o speci!ic siya ang application.

Article (=, ang sabi, merong circumstances, merong band,merong !ire arm unlicensed. Both are supposed to aggravate thecrime. )akyat mo. 'aximum na kasi band, paano na yungunlicensed !irearm? Basta mga ganyan, you always go back tocrim <, when you say divisible penalties, it will always be divisibleby $. )t can only be divided by $ even i! only a period, kasidivisible man parin ang period, you can divide that using the!ormula, apply mo yun.

"o here, robbery with a band, maximum period ka na. ngayon,may unlicensed !ire arm. 8oon ka sa maximum, divide mo yung

period, get the maximum period o! the maximum period. "o yan.

9anggang *an lang muna tayo. Any :uestions?O!"#$r 2&% 2&1'% Criminal Law 2

R"##$r- #- !+$ 4$ "0 0"r$ ,"n !+in64

%wo Articles are involved here, one is in an inhabited house, theother is in an uninhabited house.

4et us !irst look at the de!inition o! an inhabited house, publicbuilding or building dedicated to religious worship and their dependencies.

Ar!) :&1) "hat is an inha!ited house, pu!lic !uilding or !uilding dedicated to religious $orship and their dependencies. ? In+a#i!$/ +"4$ m$an4 an- 4+$l!$r% 4+i,"r .$44$l "n4!i!!in6 !+$ /w$llin6 "0 "n$ "r m"r$ ,$r4"n4%$.$n !+"6+ !+$ in+a#i!an!4 !+$r$"0 4+all !$m,"raril- #$a#4$n! !+$r$0r"m w+$n !+$ r"##$r- i4 "mmi!!$/)

All in!$ri"r "r!4% "rral4% wa!$r+"4$4% 6ranari$4% #arn4%

"a+*+"4$4% 4!a#l$4 "r "!+$r /$,ar!m$n!4 "r inl"4$/

,la$4 "n!i6"4 !" !+$ #il/in6 "r $/i0i$% +a.in6 an

in!$ri"r $n!ran$ "nn$!$/ !+$r$wi!+% an/ w+i+ 0"rm ,ar!

"0 !+$ w+"l$% 4+all #$ /$$m$/ /$,$n/$ni$4 "0 an in+a#i!$/

+"4$% ,#li #il/in6 "r #il/in6 /$/ia!$/ !" r$li6i"4

w"r4+i,)

Or+ar/4 an/ "!+$r lan/4 4$/ 0"r l!i.a!i"n "r ,r"/!i"n

ar$ n"! inl/$/ in !+$ !$rm4 "0 !+$ n$8! ,r$$/in6

,ara6ra,+% $.$n i0 l"4$/% "n!i6"4 !" !+$ #il/in6 an/

+a.in6 /ir$! "nn$!i"n !+$r$wi!+)

T+$ !$rm <public building< inl/$4 $.$r- #il/in6 "wn$/ #-

!+$ G".$rnm$n! "r #$l"n6in6 !" a ,ri.a!$ ,$r4"n n"!

inl/$/ 4$/ "r r$n!$/ #- !+$ G".$rnm$n!% al!+"6+

!$m,"raril- n",i$/ #- !+$ 4am$)+anr"#l$4 .ir!al law

li#rar-

5nder this de!inition, a ship or a vessel can be an inhabitedhouse as long as it constitutes the dwelling o! a person, even i! you are temporarily absent therein at the time the robbery iscommitted.

%he second paragraph o! the provision talks aboutdependencies. %o be considered a dependency, the !ollowingre:uisites must be presentF

<. )t should be contiguous to the house M5agkatabi J

. )t should !orm part o! the whole

$. %here should be a direct connection therewith.

%here!ore, !or a garage to be considered a dependency, it shouldbe contiguous and must have a direct connection to the house.

%he last paragraph gives you the de!inition o! a public building."o even i! it is rented, as long as it is being used by thegovernment, it will be considered a public building.

Ar!) 2>>) R"##$r- in an in+a#i!$/ +"4$ "r ,#li #il/in6 "r

$/i0i$ /$."!$/ !" w"r4+i,) ? An- arm$/ ,$r4"n w+" 4+all

"mmi! r"##$r- in an in+a#i!$/ +"4$ "r ,#li #il/in6 "r

$/i0i$ /$."!$/ !" r$li6i"4 w"r4+i,% 4+all #$ ,ni4+$/ #-r$l4i"n !$m,"ral% i0 !+$ .al$ "0 !+$ ,r",$r!- !a5$n 4+all

$8$$/ 2(& ,$4"4% an/ i09

a T+$ mal$0a!"r4 4+all $n!$r !+$ +"4$ "r #il/in6 in

w+i+ !+$ r"##$r- wa4 "mmi!!$/% #- an- "0 !+$ 0"ll"win6

m$an49

1) T+r"6+ a ",$nin6 n"! in!$n/$/ 0"r $n!ran$ "r $6r$44)

2) B- #r$a5in6 an- wall% r""0% "r 0l""r "r #r$a5in6 an- /""r

"r win/"w)



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 ::

:) B- 4in6 0al4$ 5$-4% ,i5l"54 "r 4imilar !""l4)

') B- 4in6 an- 0i!i!i"4 nam$ "r ,r$!$n/in6 !+$ $8$ri4$ "0

,#li a!+"ri!-)

Or i0 ?

# T+$ r"##$r- #$ "mmi!!$/ n/$r an- "0 !+$ 0"ll"win6

irm4!an$49

1) B- !+$ #r$a5in6 "0 /""r4% war/r"#$4% +$4!4% "r an- "!+$r

5in/ "0 l"5$/ "r 4$al$/ 0rni!r$ "r r$$,!al$@

2) B- !a5in6 4+ 0rni!r$ "r "#=$!4 !" #$ #r"5$n "r 0"r$/

",$n "!4i/$ !+$ ,la$ "0 !+$ r"##$r-)

W+$n !+$ "00$n/$r4 /" n"! arr- arm4% an/ !+$ .al$ "0 !+$

,r",$r!- !a5$n $8$$/4 2(& ,$4"4% !+$ ,$nal!- n$8! l"w$r in

/$6r$$ 4+all #$ im,"4$/)

T+$ 4am$ rl$ 4+all #$ a,,li$/ w+$n !+$ "00$n/$r4 ar$

arm$/% #! !+$ .al$ "0 !+$ ,r",$r!- !a5$n /"$4 n"! $8$$/

2(& ,$4"4)

W+$n 4ai/ "00$n/$r4 /" n"! arr- arm4 an/ !+$ .al$ "0 !+$

,r",$r!- !a5$n /"$4 n"! $8$$/ 2(& ,$4"4% !+$- 4+all 400$r

!+$ ,$nal!- ,r$4ri#$/ in !+$ !w" n$8! ,r$$/in6

,ara6ra,+4% in i!4 minimm ,$ri"/)

I0 !+$ r"##$r- #$ "mmi!!$/ in "n$ "0 !+$ /$,$n/$ni$4 "0

an in+a#i!$/ +"4$% ,#li #il/in6% "r #il/in6 /$/ia!$/ !"

r$li6i"4 w"r4+i,% !+$ ,$nal!i$4 n$8! l"w$r in /$6r$$ !+an

!+"4$ ,r$4ri#$/ in !+i4 ar!il$ 4+all #$ im,"4$/)

@F 9ow robbery is committed under this article?

AF %he !orce need not always be physical !orce. )t may beconstructive like when you enter a house or building thru anopening not intended !or entrance or egress.

@F What about !ire exits?

AF %hat is not a usual entrance into the house.

%he !irst set o! enumeration M&aragraph AJ in the article is howyou gain entrance into the house. )! you entered the housethrough any o! those ways, you may be liable under this article.

ou can also commit robbery through any o! the ways in thesecond set o! enumeration M&aragraph BJ, but this is regardlesso! the manner through which you entered the house.

0utside o! the enumerations aboveIexplained, even i! there be!orce upon things, that will not be robbery. )t can be the!t, but notrobbery.

4et me *ust emphasiCe that this article !ocuses on the manner o! entering. )t cares not on how you exit. "o i! you enter through theopen door, you stole a laptop and *umped out o! the window, thatwill not be robbery because the *umping o!! o! the window isimmaterial. What this article cares about is the manner o! entrance, which must be one o! those enumerated in the article.)! you broke the door open in order to enter, then that will berobbery, or you used !alse keys.

)! they are not !alse keys, but i! they were stolen !rom theowners, that will still be considered !alse keys.

@F "uppose you pass by the house and the window is open, andyou saw something inisde that you want to steal so you used along stick to ZtuhogItuhogK Msorry wala ko natranslate, hindi koalam paanoJ that thing, could that be considered robbery with!orce upon things?

AF %he law says Zentering6. %hat means that your body mustenter the house.

@F What i! you used your hand. ou reached inside to get it?

AF "ame answer. our whole body must enter the house. %hat isnot robbery. %hat is only the!t.

@F "uppose you enter the house through the open door, but you

did not !ind anything interesting in the living room. "o you !orcedopen the door to the masterKs bedroom, and there you saw a loto! precious ob*ects. ou took as much as you can and le!t. )s thatrobbery?

AF %hat is robbery but not under paragraph a but under paragraph b V breaking doors, wardrobes, chests, or any other kind o! locked or sealed !urniture or receptacle.

"o, i! what you !orced open is the main door, that would beunder paragraph a. But i! you are already inside the house, andyou break the doors to the rooms, that would be under paragraph b.

)n boarding houses, the door to every room is considered themain door o! each room.

@F What i! what you stole is a locked chest, and as you wereexiting the house, you were apprehended, is that robbery under this article? %ake note that the chest was still locked. )t was not!orced open yet. )s that a consummated act o! robbery already?

AF es. What is important there is the intent. )t is immaterialwhether the chest stolen was opened or not.

)n determining the penalty under this article, there are twoconsiderationsF the amount o! the things stolen and whether or not the o!!enders are armed or not.

@F "uppose the robber, armed with a handgun, enters the houseand used the gun against one o! the occupants? What is that?

AF %hatKs robbery with violence against persons. %hat is notunder this article.

)n this article, the circumstance o! carrying arms will only lead toa higher penalty because that law presumes that when you carrya gun, you are willing to use it, meaning you are more depravedthan the one who robs without a gun.

%he controversies under this article mostly centers on the door.

/or example, the door is a sliding door, and in order to enter thehouse, the o!!ender cra!tily unbolted the panels o! the door. "oliterally, he did not break anything. 9e did not destroy the door.

And he even installed it back when he le!t. "o that cannot beunder this article.

Another issue is the padlock. &adlocks are not part o! the door. )! you destroy the padlock, is that destroying the door, such thatputting it under the operation o! this article? 0ne case says it ispart o! the door. Another case says it is not. %he most recent is a2A decision saying that without the padlock, the door will beuseless. "o i! you break the padlock, that also tantamount tobreaking the door.

)! you entered the house by using a !ictitious name or pretendingthe exercise o! public authority, that means that you enteredthrough deceit. 4ike you will tell the kasambahay that you weretold by the amo to take something !rom the house, that isconstructive !orce. %hat is robbery by deceit.

@F "uppose that the robbery is characteriCed by both violence or intimidation against persons and !orce upon things, which willprevail? Article (- or ((? %ake note that Article (- is themore serious crime.

AF 0ld decisions will tell us that it must be the penalty o! themore serious crime that must be imposed. "o Article (-.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 :'

9owever, in the recent Napolis case, the "upreme 2ourt ruledthat it may happen that even i! circumstances in both articles arepresent, it may be that Article (( will prevail.

@F 9ow does this happen?

AF When there is !orced entry but there was no in*ury upon theoccupants but there was only intimidation. "ince onlyintimidation upon the occupants was present, the penalty in

Article (- is prision correctional in its maximum. )! Article ((

will be used, the penalty is reclusion temporal. %he wholepurpose will be de!eated because the graver o!!ense caries thelower penalty. %o cure that anomalous situation, when thepenalty under (( will be higher, this would be treated as acomplex crime. %here!ore the higher penalty will be imposed. "oi! Article (( carries the higher penalty, article (( will prevail.

Ar!) :&&) o!!ery in an uninha!ited place and !y a !and. ?T+$ r"##$r- m$n!i"n$/ in !+$ n$8! ,r$$/in6 ar!il$% i0 "mmi!!$/ in an nin+a#i!$/ ,la$ an/ #- a #an/% 4+all #$,ni4+$/ #- !+$ ma8imm ,$ri"/ "0 !+$ ,$nal!- ,r".i/$/!+$r$0"r)

1emember that the Zuninhabited placeK and Zby a bandK are twin

re:uisites. %hey must both be present to distinguish it !rom theother kinds o! robbery that we have taken up be!ore.

Ar!) :&2) o!!ery is an uninha!ited place or in a pri#ate

!uilding. ? An- r"##$r- "mmi!!$/ in an nin+a#i!$/ ,la$

"r in a #il/in6 "!+$r !+an !+"4$ m$n!i"n$/ in !+$ 0ir4!

,ara6ra,+ "0 Ar!il$ 2>>% i0 !+$ .al$ "0 !+$ ,r",$r!- !a5$n

$8$$/4 2(& ,$4"4% 4+all #$ ,ni4+$/ #- ,ri4i"n

"rr$i"nal i0 an- "0 !+$ 0"ll"win6 irm4!an$4 i4

,r$4$n!9

1) I0 !+$ $n!ran$ +a4 #$$n $00$!$/ !+r"6+ an- ",$nin6 n"!

in!$n/$/ 0"r $n!ran$ "r $6r$44)

2) I0 an- wall% r""0% 0l"r "r "!4i/$ /""r "r win/"w +a4 #$$n

#r"5$n)

:) I0 !+$ $n!ran$ +a4 #$$n $00$!$/ !+r"6+ !+$ 4$ "0 0al4$

5$-4% ,i5l"54 "r "!+$r 4imilar !""l4)

') I0 an- /"rm% war/r"#$% +$4! "r #- 4$al$/ "r l"4$/

0rni!r$ "r r$$,!al$ +a4 #$$n #r"5$n)

() I0 an- l"4$/ "r 4$al$/ r$$,!al$% a4 m$n!i"n$/ in !+$

,r$$/in6 ,ara6ra,+% +a4 #$$n r$m".$/ $.$n i0 !+$ 4am$ !"

#r"5$n ",$n $l4$w+$r$)

W+$n !+$ .al$ "0 !+$ ,r",$r!- !a5$4 /"$4 n"! $8$$/ 2(&,$4"4% !+$ ,$nal!- n$8! l"w$r in /$6r$$ 4+all #$ im,"4$/)

In !+$ a4$4 4,$i0i$/ in Ar!il$4 2>'% 2>(% 2><% 2>>% :&&% an/

:&2 "0 !+i4 C"/$% w+$n !+$ ,r",$r!- !a5$n i4 mail ma!!$r "r

lar6$ a!!l$% !+$ "00$n/$r 4+all 400$r !+$ ,$nal!i$4 n$8!

+i6+$r in /$6r$$ !+an !+"4$ ,r".i/$/ in 4ai/ ar!il$4)

%his has almost the same circumstances as those enumeratedin Article ((. "o let us look into the di!!erences.

%his article does not mention the ground pertaining to using o! !ictitious names and pretending to be a person in authority,precisely because this article talks about an uninhabited place.

"o you really cannot have a robbery through deceit since thereis nobody to deceive in this case.

9ere, the penalty depends on the amount o! the property taken.)n Article ((, the other consideration is whether the o!!ender iscarrying arms. )n this article, W0N you are carrying arms, it doesnot matter.

Another important thing to remember is the last paragraph o! thisarticle which says that i! what is stolen is mail matter, the crimewill be :uali!ied. )t will be :uali!ied robbery.

8isregard large cattle because that is already covered by aspecial law, &8 H$$, Anti 2attle 1ustling Act o! <(+-. 4arge cattleinclude cows, carabaos, horses, mules, asses, etc. NBF 1ead thelaw.

)! the taking o! these cattle is by intimidation or !orce, the penaltyis higher but that is not a re:uirement or a re:uisite o! the crime.

Ar!) :&:) o!!ery of cereals, fruits, or fire$ood in anuninha!ited place or pri#ate !uilding. ? In !+$ a4$4$nm$ra!$/ in Ar!il$4 2>> an/ :&2% w+$n !+$ r"##$r-"n4i4!4 in !+$ !a5in6 "0 $r$al4% 0ri!4% "r 0ir$w""/% !+$l,ri! 4+all 400$r !+$ ,$nal!- n$8! l"w$r in /$6r$$ !+an !+a!,r$4ri#$/ in 4ai/ ar!il$4)+anr"#l$4 .ir!al law li#rar-

@F What do we mean by cereals?

AF )n "panish, cereals mean ZsemilyaK or seedlings. "o in onecase, when what was stolen was a sack o! rice, that did not !allunder this article because rice is not a cereal MseedlingJ.

Ar!) :&') Possession of pic2loc2s or similar tools) ? An-

,$r4"n w+" 4+all wi!+"! law0l a4$ +a.$ in +i4

,"44$44i"n ,i5l"54 "r 4imilar !""l4 $4,$iall- a/",!$/ !"

!+$ "mmi44i"n "0 !+$ rim$ "0 r"##$r-% 4+all #$ ,ni4+$/#- arr$4!" ma-"r in i!4 ma8imm ,$ri"/ !" ,ri4i"n

"rr$i"nal in i!4 minimm ,$ri"/)

T+$ 4am$ ,$nal!- 4+all #$ im,"4$/ ,"n an- ,$r4"n w+"

4+all ma5$ 4+ !""l4) I0 !+$ "00$n/$r #$ a l"54mi!+% +$

4+all 400$r !+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n "rr$i"nal in i!4 m$/im

an/ ma8imm ,$ri"/4)

%his is one o!!ense where possession is already considered a

crime. "o even i! this is a preparatory act, this is alreadypunishable.

Ar!) :&() :alse 2eys. ? T+$ !$rm *false 2eys* 4+all #$

/$$m$/ !" inl/$9

1) T+$ !""l4 m$n!i"n$/ in !+$ n$8! ,r$$/in6

ar!il$4)+anr"#l$4 .ir!al law li#rar-

2) G$nin$ 5$-4 4!"l$n 0r"m !+$ "wn$r)+anr"#l$4 .ir!al

law li#rar-

:) An- 5$-4 "!+$r !+an !+"4$ in!$n/$/ #- !+$ "wn$r 0"r 4$

in !+$ l"5 0"ri#l- ",$n$/ #- !+$ "00$n/$r)

%his includes the real keys stolen !rom the owner.

Bri6an/a6$

Ar!) :&) "ho are !rigands; Penalty. ? W+$n m"r$ !+an

!+r$$ arm$/ ,$r4"n4 0"rm a #an/ "0 r"##$r4 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$

"0 "mmi!!in6 r"##$r- in !+$ +i6+wa-% "r 5i/na,,in6

,$r4"n4 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 $8!"r!i"n "r !" "#!ain ran4"m "r

0"r an- "!+$r ,r,"4$ !" #$ a!!ain$/ #- m$an4 "0 0"r$ an/

.i"l$n$% !+$- 4+all #$ /$$m$/ +i6+wa- r"##$r4 "r

#ri6an/4)

P$r4"n4 0"n/ 6il!- "0 !+i4 "00$n4$ 4+all #$ ,ni4+$/ #-,ri4i"n ma-"r in i!4 m$/im ,$ri"/ !" r$l4i"n !$m,"ral in

i!4 minimm ,$ri"/ i0 !+$ a! "r a!4 "mmi!!$/ #- !+$m ar$n"! ,ni4+a#l$ #- +i6+$r ,$nal!i$4% in w+i+ a4$% !+$- 4+all

400$r 4+ +i6+ ,$nal!i$4)

I0 an- "0 !+$ arm4 arri$/ #- an- "0 4ai/ ,$r4"n4 #$ an

nli$n4$/ 0ir$arm4% i! 4+all #$ ,r$4m$/ !+a! 4ai/ ,$r4"n4

ar$ +i6+wa- r"##$r4 "r #ri6an/4% an/ in a4$ "0 "n.i!i"n4!+$ ,$nal!- 4+all #$ im,"4$/ in !+$ ma8imm ,$ri"/)

Ar!) :&<) 8iding and a!etting a !and of !rigands. ? An-

,$r4"n 5n"win6l- an/ in an- mann$r ai/in6% a#$!!in6 "r

,r"!$!in6 a #an/ "0 #ri6an/4 a4 /$4ri#$/ in !+$ n$8!



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 :(

,r$$/in6 ar!il$% "r 6i.in6 !+$m in0"rma!i"n "0 !+$m".$m$n!4 "0 !+$ ,"li$ "r "!+$r ,$a$ "00i$r4 "0 !+$

G".$rnm$n! "r "0 !+$ 0"r$4 "0 !+$ ni!$/ S!a!$4 Arm-%

w+$n !+$ la!!$r ar$ a!in6 in ai/ "0 !+$ G".$rnm$n!% "r

a;irin6 "r r$$i.in6 !+$ ,r",$r!- !a5$n #- 4+ #ri6an/4

4+all #$ ,ni4+$/ #- ,ri4i"n "rr$i"nal in i!4 m$/im

,$ri"/ !" ,ri4i"n ma-"r in i!4 minimm ,$ri"/)

I! 4+all #$ ,r$4m$/ !+a! !+$ ,$r4"n ,$r0"rmin6 an- "0 !+$

a!4 ,r".i/$/ in !+i4 ar!il$ +a4 ,$r0"rm$/ !+$m 5n"win6l-%

nl$44 !+$ "n!rar- i4 ,r".$n)

%he mere !ormation is what is punishable. %he purposes o! !orming the band are speci!ied in the article.

Now what is always controversial here is the word ZhighwayK.What i! the crime was committed not in a highway but in a smallcity road, but it was committed by a band !or the purpose o! robbery, will that still !all under this article?

1emember that the word ZhighwayK here is generic. )t includescity streets.

"o again, the mere !ormation is the crime.

1elate this to &8 H$, anti piracy and highway robbery law.&iracy is no longer included here because it is covered by adi!!erent law. WhatKs le!t is highway robbery. "o what is the e!!ecto! this special law to Articles $= and $+?

)n a case, the "upreme 2ourt ruled that &8 H$ modi!ied Article$= and $+, but the essence is the same. %he essence isindiscriminate highway robbery. )ndiscriminate. "o meaning youdo not target a speci!ic victim. %hat is the essence. )! the purposeis a speci!ic robbery, that is only robbery. )! it is indiscriminate,then that is brigandage or &8 H$.

&8 H$ provides !or higher penalties. )n &8 H$, there is also no

re:uirement that it must be done by !our or more persons and nopresumption as to the use unlicensed !irearms, unlike in Article$= that there is that presumption that i! what is used areunlicensed !irearms, the o!!enders are presumed to be brigands.

21)' 4AW 1E3)EW OCT 21% 2&1'

Ar!) :&3) "ho are lia!le for theft " %he!t is committed by any

person who, with intent to gain but without violence against or

intimidation o! persons nor !orce upon things, shall take personal

property o! another without the latters consent.

T+$0! i4 li5$wi4$ "mmi!!$/ #-9

1) An- ,$r4"n w+"% +a.in6 0"n/ l"4! ,r",$r!-% 4+all 0ail !"

/$li.$r !+$ 4am$ !" !+$ l"al a!+"ri!i$4 "r !" i!4 "wn$r@

2) An- ,$r4"n w+"% a0!$r +a.in6 malii"4l- /ama6$/ !+$

,r",$r!- "0 an"!+$r% 4+all r$m".$ "r ma5$ 4$ "0 !+$ 0ri!4

"r "#=$! "0 !+$ /ama6$ a4$/ #- +im@ an/

:) An- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all $n!$r an inl"4$/ $4!a!$ "r a 0i$l/

w+$r$ !r$4,a44 i4 0"r#i//$n "r w+i+ #$l"n64 !" an"!+$r

an/ wi!+"! !+$ "n4$n! "0 i!4 "wn$r% 4+all +n! "r 0i4+ ,"n

!+$ 4am$ "r 4+all 6a!+$r $r$al4% "r "!+$r 0"r$4! "r 0arm

,r"/!4)

%9E/% is robbery without violence against or intimidation o! persons or without use o! !orce upon things. 3iolence is replacedby lack o! consent. %he other elements are the same. %here isintent to gain, taking o! personal property and without theelements which will make it robbery. %his still covers personalproperty.

)! you will look at the !ull article, you will know that there aredi!!erent kinds o! the!t. %he!t is likewise committed by An-,$r4"n w+"% +a.in6 0"n/ l"4! ,r",$r!-% 4+all 0ail !" /$li.$r !+$ 4am$ !" !+$ l"al a!+"ri!i$4 "r !" i!4 "wn$r) )n other words, there is no such thing as !inderKs keeper. ou aresupposed to return that thing to the owner or to the authorities.5nder civil law pwdmagingsayoyan, but you have to !ollowcertain procedure. 9ere i! you !ound something, you may beconsidered a thie! i! you keep it !or yoursel!.

'ay nakitaka, lost and !ound. )n this case somebody !ound a lostproperty and went to the police. ou gave it to the police !or himto !ind the owner. Ang police, walaniyagipangita, iyahana daw to.)s he liable? "abiniya, sabisa code, any person who !ound lostproperty. ) did not !ind this, so ) cannot !all under this de!inition. )she correct? "2 said, hindi. es it is true, you did not !ound it, notthe actual !ounder. %he person who actually !ound the item is a!inderIinI!act. )kaw, nanisingitsa !inderIinI!act is a !inderIinIlaw.

"o !inder by !iction o! law. )bigsabihin, he is still liable !or the!t.An- ,$r4"n w+"% a0!$r +a.in6 malii"4l- /ama6$/ !+$,r",$r!- "0 an"!+$r% 4+all r$m".$ "r ma5$ 4$ "0 !+$ 0ri!4"r "#=$! "0 !+$ /ama6$ a4$/ #- +im@

%here was a :uestion in the bar, actually mc:. %his person killedthe goat o! his neigborunyagipulutan. 5nsaang crime? A0!$r +a.in6 malii"4l- /ama6$/ !+$ ,r",$r!- "0 an"!+$r% 4+allr$m".$ "r ma5$ 4$ "0 !+$ 0ri!4 "r "#=$! "0 !+$ /ama6$a4$/ #- +im) T+$0! #ung gipatayranimo, thatKs maliciousmischie!. But here, you made use o! the ob*ect you maliciouslydamaged.

An- ,$r4"n w+" 4+all $n!$r an inl"4$/ $4!a!$ "r a 0i$l/w+$r$ !r$4,a44 i4 0"r#i//$n "r w+i+ #$l"n64 !" an"!+$r

an/ wi!+"! !+$ "n4$n! "0 i!4 "wn$r% 4+all +n! "r 0i4+ ,"n!+$ 4am$ "r 4+all 6a!+$r $r$al4% "r "!+$r 0"r$4! "r 0arm,r"/!4)

9ow is this di!!erent to other !orms o! trespass? 'ay prohibition,pumasokkatalaga. Ngayonpag may kinuhaka pa doon, that isthe!t.

4etKs go back to the elements o! the!t.

<. "hall take personal property V parehosa robbery, the elementsare common. %he principles with respect thereto are the same.

%aking, does it have to be with a character o! permanence?

Villa"r!a.4In4ran$ C"mmi44i"n) 0ne o! the issues here,was there the!t? "abinila, it is not really taking because there isan intention to return. "abing court, the!t pa rinyan, even i! thereis a *oyride only because you derived satis!action already !romthe moment you took the car. %hat is the gain that you receivedby the taking. /rom the moment you took the car and en*oyed ituse, the crime is already consummated.

'ay pumuntang mall, may nagustuhansyang purse. #inuhaniya,peroiniwanniyaang purse niya. )s that the!t? Walaka mandamage. ou go back to the basics. %aking o! personal property,with intent to gain.

Another case is the !iled insurance , a davao case, ganon dinginamit, gibaangsakyanan. "aboing court it is the!t. )! the takingis with a color o! title or a claim o! ownership, that would be ade!ense. %he premise here is a taking o! personal propertybelonging to another. )! in your mind, you believe that it is yours,you have a color o! a title, nawalanayong taking o! a personalproperty o! another. ou are not liable.

"abing law is without the consent o! the owner. 0ne example is,naasasimbahannagluhod. 5nyanaa nag pick pocket salikod,because there was a mass going on, the owner did not doanything to not disturb the proceeding. "abing accuse, withoutthe consent, alam man nya7 Anosabing court? %he words o! thelaw is without the consent o! the owner, di sabing law na withoutthe knowledge. 9e knew, pro walasya nag consent.




Also, reminder sa robbery with violence or intimidation at thetime o! the taking, then he !lew, but you shouted so he cameback and threaten you, shut up ha, sagpaonteka.Anoyan? di!!erent crimes. 8ependesa intimidation or violence. &eropagmag serious physical in*ury, lahinayanxa. %hat is no longer byreason o! or on relation o!U the violence can come be!ore,during or a!ter. "a the!t wala man violence yan. 9e le!t,tapossumigawka, binaril. %hat is robbery na, may violence.1obbery with homicide, even i! violence came a!ter the taking.9omicide resulted by reason or in relation o!.

Ar!) :&>) Penalties) ? An- ,$r4"n 6il!- "0 !+$0! 4+all #$

,ni4+$/ #-9

1) T+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n ma-"r in i!4 minimm an/ m$/im

,$ri"/4% i0 !+$ .al$ "0 !+$ !+in6 4!"l$n i4 m"r$ !+an 12%&&&

,$4"4 #! /"$4 n"! $8$$/ 22%&&& ,$4"4% #! i0 !+$ .al$ "0

!+$ !+in6 4!"l$n $8$$/4 !+$ la!!$r am"n! !+$ ,$nal!- 4+all

#$ !+$ ma8imm ,$ri"/ "0 !+$ "n$ ,r$4ri#$/ in !+i4

,ara6ra,+% an/ "n$ -$ar 0"r $a+ a//i!i"nal !$n !+"4an/

,$4"4% #! !+$ !"!al "0 !+$ ,$nal!- w+i+ ma- #$ im,"4$/

4+all n"! $8$$/ !w$n!- -$ar4) In 4+ a4$4% an/ in

"nn$!i"n wi!+ !+$ a$44"r- ,$nal!i$4 w+i+ ma- #$

im,"4$/ an/ 0"r !+$ ,r,"4$ "0 !+$ "!+$r ,r".i4i"n4 "0 !+i4

C"/$% !+$ ,$nal!- 4+all #$ !$rm$/ ,ri4i"n ma-"r "r

r$l4i"n !$m,"ral% a4 !+$ a4$ ma- #$)

2) T+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n"rr$i"nal in i!4 m$/im an/

ma8imm ,$ri"/4% i0 !+$ .al$ "0 !+$ !+in6 4!"l$n i4 m"r$

!+an %&&& ,$4"4 #! /"$4 n"! $8$$/ 12%&&& ,$4"4)

:) T+$ ,$nal!- "0 ,ri4i"n"rr$i"nal in i!4 minimm an/

m$/im ,$ri"/4% i0 !+$ .al$ "0 !+$ ,r",$r!- 4!"l$n i4 m"r$

!+an 2&& ,$4"4 #! /"$4 n"! $8$$/ %&&& ,$4"4)

') Arr$4!" ma-"r in i!4 m$/im ,$ri"/ !" ,ri4i"n"rr$i"nal

in i!4 minimm ,$ri"/% i0 !+$ .al$ "0 !+$ ,r",$r!- 4!"l$n i4

".$r (& ,$4"4 #! /"$4 n"! $8$$/ 2&& ,$4"4)

() Arr$4!" ma-"r !" i!4 0ll $8!$n!% i0 4+ .al$ i4 ".$r (

,$4"4 #! /"$4 n"! $8$$/ (& ,$4"4)

) Arr$4!" ma-"r in i!4 minimm an/ m$/im ,$ri"/4% i0

4+ .al$ /"$4 n"! $8$$/ ( ,$4"4)

<) Arr$4!"m$n"r "r a 0in$ n"! $8$$/in6 2&& ,$4"4% i0 !+$

!+$0! i4 "mmi!!$/ n/$r !+$ irm4!an$4 $nm$ra!$/ in

,ara6ra,+ : "0 !+$ n$8! ,r$$/in6 ar!il$ an/ !+$ .al$ "0

!+$ !+in6 4!"l$n /"$4 n"! $8$$/ ( ,$4"4) I0 4+ .al$

$8$$/4 4ai/ am"n!% !+$ ,r".i4i"n "0 an- "0 !+$ 0i.$

,r$$/in6 4#/i.i4i"n4 4+all #$ ma/$ a,,lia#l$)

3) Arr$4!"m$n"r in i!4 minimm ,$ri"/ "r a 0in$ n"!

$8$$/in6 (& ,$4"4% w+$n !+$ .al$ "0 !+$ !+in6 4!"l$n i4

n"! ".$r ( ,$4"4% an/ !+$ "00$n/$r 4+all +a.$ a!$/ n/$r

!+$ im,l4$ "0 +n6$r% ,".$r!-% "r !+$ /i00il!- "0 $arnin6 a

li.$li+""/ 0"r !+$ 4,,"r! "0 +im4$l0 "r +i4 0amil-)

8itokailanganmo iIallege ang value, kasi the penalty depends onthe value o! the personal property taken, at kung saanmo iI!ile V'%2 or 1%2.

%ake note o! ;, penalty is arrestomenor i! the value "0 !+$ !+in6

4!"l$n i4 n"! ".$r ( ,$4"4% an/ !+$ "00$n/$r 4+all +a.$ a!$/

n/$r !+$ im,l4$ "0 +n6$r% ,".$r!-% "r !+$ /i00il!- "0

$arnin6 a li.$li+""/ 0"r !+$ 4,,"r! "0 +im4$l0 "r +i4 0amil-)

"o gigutomlangxa, arrestomenor or !ine not exceeding H

pesos.&ero kung pan ugsigarilyoanggikawat, kayusihonna pod

kouggigutomna pod ko. Anyway, walaylabotna.

%ake note o! +, Arr$4!"m$n"r "r a 0in$ n"! $8$$/in6 2&&

,$4"4% i0 !+$ !+$0! i4 "mmi!!$/ n/$r !+$ irm4!an$4

$nm$ra!$/ in ,ara6ra,+ : "0 !+$ n$8! ,r$$/in6 ar!il$ an/

!+$ .al$ "0 !+$ !+in6 4!"l$n /"$4 n"! $8$$/ ( ,$4"4) I0

4+ .al$ $8$$/4 4ai/ am"n!% !+$ ,r".i4i"n "0 an- "0 !+$

0i.$ ,r$$/in6 4#/i.i4i"n4 4+all #$ ma/$ a,,lia#l$)

Art. $<. 1ualified theft" %he crime o! the!t shall be punished

by the penalties next higher by two degrees than those

respectively speci!ied in the next preceding article, i! committedby a domestic servant, or with grave abuse o! con!idence, or i!

the property stolen is motor vehicle, mail matter or large cattle or

consists o! coconuts taken !rom the premises o! the plantation or

!ish taken !rom a !ishpond or !ishery, or i! property is taken on the

occasion o! !ire, earth:uake, typhoon, volcanic erruption, or any

other calamity, vehicular accident or civil disturbance. MAs

amended by 1.A. < and B.&. Blg. +<. 'ay <, <(;J.

ou are still talking about the!t, so the elements are the same. )t

is :uali!ied because o! the circumstances mentioned and

present. )! they are present, it is no longer simple the!t, it

becomes :uali!ied. And what is the e!!ect? %he penalty is

degrees higher. And ) told you there is a counterpart in robbery,

but in robbery, the penalty is only < degree higher.

When the penalty prescribed by law !or a given o!!ense is

degrees higher !rom a given penalty, when such penalty is the!t,

the same penalty !or the accessory penalties shall be imposed.

/or example, nagkawatkang diamonds, the penalty will depend

on the value o! the diamonds. "upposed that the penalty !or the

value o! the diamonds taken is reclusion temporal. And

supposed that the diamonds were placed inside a mailing

envelope, a mail matter. 0ne o! the :uali!ying circumstances o!

the!t is mail matter. When mail matter is stolen, it becomes

:uali!ied, and there!ore, the penalty should be degrees higher.

"ince the penalty is !or reclusion temporal, since this is :uali!ied,

you should increase the penalty !or degrees, reclusion

temporal to death. When that happens, you do not impose

death, you impose the same penalty which is reclusion temporal

but the accessory penalty will be that o! death when not

executed by reason o! commutation or pardon, because, death

can only be executed i! that is the penalty proscribed by law. )!

you arrive at death, there can be no more degrees higher.

Another circumstance here is if committed by a domestic

servant . %ake note that with respect to domestic servant,

walangnilagaydyanna whether or not there is abuse o!

con!idence. %his states that the crime is :uali!ied i! committed by

a domestic servant. )n other words, inherent na. Even i! you



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 :<

donKt trust your kasambahay, gina lock moang room mo, the

!ollowing day, you discovered gikawatanka. "abiniya, wala man

xa trust saakoa, bakit man :uali!ied? )! you are a domestic

helper, yon na yon. 0! course, dapatdidtokanangawat kung

asaka domestic helper, hindisaibangbahaykanangawat.

Another one is with grave abuse of confidence, there must be

con!idence reposed on you. )n another words, you should betrusted. %he best example there is your personal assistant.

#abalosyasaimo &)N, taposgisugonimosya mag withdraw,

perogikawatnyatananimosulodsabanko. %hat is :uali!ied.

"upposed sa o!!ice, ang *anitor sigelimpyo, sige pod try sa

combination sa volt. )s that grave abuse o! con!idence? Wala,

only simple the!t.

)! the property stolen is a motor vehicle, when you say motor

vehicle, o! course kanang nay motor. #anagtrisikad,

imokawaton, dilinasyamao. #anangtrisiboat, nay motor nadiba?

#awatonnimona :uali!ied7 Basta nay motor.

#ananggihinayhinayannimogkawatang parts sa motor, giI

unanimoang bolt. )s that :uali!ied? es7 What you are getting

comes !rom a motor vehicleG it does not matter i! the engine is

not running. 5nya kung kakitakaugsakyanan, gisulodnimonaa pa

*udangsusi. &eroangganahannimo, ang tires lang*udniyaU

ibalhinmolang, taposbyaIan molangang motor vehicle. )s that

:uali!ied the!t? 1emember that you drove the motor vehicle to

some place, taking is complete7 )t doesnKt matter i! what you get

later is katolang tires. Bastapadulongdidto,

angtibuokimonggidala. )t would be a di!!erent story i! you get the

tires right there and then where you !ound the car, that would be

the!t o! the tire, not o! the motor vehicle.

%his is :uali!ied diba, you steal a car. "upposing in taking the

car, you used violence against the driver. 8iba robbery with

violence yan or with intimidation o! persons, that cannot be the!t

kasi may violence nayan. 'ay nangyarikasiditona the

carnappers realiCe that the penalty !or robbery with intimidation

was lesser than you steal a car, thatKs why carnapping law came

to be. )! the taking o!! the car is by means o! violence or

intimidation, mas mataastalagaang penalty.

REPBLIC ACT NO) (:>AN ACT PREVENTING ANDPENALIING CARNAPPING

S$!i"n 1) %his Act shall be known and may be cited as the<Anti6*arnapping Act of =>?"<

S$) 2)0efinition of terms" %he terms DcarnappingD, Dmotor vehicleD, Dde!acing or tampering withD, DrepaintingD, DbodyIbuildingD, DremodelingD, DdismantlingD, and DoverhaulingD, as usedin this Act, shall be understood, respectively, to mean

D2arnappingD is the taking, with intent to gain, o! a motor vehiclebelonging to another without the latters consent, or by means o! violence against or intimidation o! persons, or by using !orceupon things.

D'otor vehicleD is any vehicle propelled by any power other thanmuscular power using the public highways, but excepting roadrollers, trolley cars, streetIsweepers, sprinklers, lawn mowers,bulldoCers, graders, !orkIli!ts, amphibian trucks, and cranes i! notused on public highways, vehicles, which run only on rails or tracks, and tractors, trailers and traction engines o! all kinds

used exclusively !or agricultural purposes. %railers having anynumber o! wheels, when propelled or intended to be propelled byattachment to a motor vehicle, shall be classi!ied as separatemotor vehicle with no power rating.

D8e!acing or tampering withD a serial number is the erasing,scratching, altering or changing o! the original !actoryIinscribedserial number on the motor vehicle engine, engine block or chassis o! any motor vehicle. Whenever any motor vehicle is!ound to have a serial number on its motor engine, engine block

or chassis which is di!!erent !rom that which is listed in therecords o! the Bureau o! 2ustoms !or motor vehicles importedinto the &hilippines, that motor vehicle shall be considered tohave a de!aced or tampered with serial number.

D1epaintingD is changing the color o! a motor vehicle by meanso! painting. %here is repainting whenever the new color o! amotor vehicle is di!!erent !rom its color as registered in the 4and%ransportation 2ommission.

DBodyIbuildingD is a *ob undertaken on a motor vehicle in order toreplace its entire body with a new body.

D1emodelingD is the introduction o! some changes in the shapeor !orm o! the body o! the motor vehicle.

D8ismantlingD is the tearing apart, piece by piece or part by part,o! a motor vehicle.

D0verhaulingD is the cleaning or repairing o! the whole engine o! a motor vehicle by separating the motor engine and its parts!rom the body o! the motor vehicle.chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary

S$) :)(egistration of motor vehicle engine, engine block and chassis" Within one year a!ter the approval o! this Act, everyowner or possessor o! unregistered motor vehicle or partsthereo! in knock down condition shall register with the 4and%ransportation 2ommission the motor vehicle engine, engineblock and chassis in his name or in the name o! the real owner who shall be readily available to answer any claim over theregistered motor vehicle engine, engine block or chassis.%herea!ter, all motor vehicle engines, engine blocks and chassisnot registered with the 4and %ransportation 2ommission shall beconsidered as untaxed importation or coming !rom an illegalsource or carnapped, and shall be con!iscated in !avor o! the>overnment.

All owners o! motor vehicles in all cities and municipalities arere:uired to register their cars with the local police without payingany charges.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) '))ermanent registry of motor vehicle engines, engineblocks and chassis" %he 4and %ransportation 2ommission shallkeep a permanent registry o! motor vehicle engines, engineblocks and chassis o! all motor vehicles, speci!ying therein their type, make and serial numbers and stating therein the namesand addresses o! their present and previous owners. 2opies o! the registry and o! all entries made thereon shall be !urnishedthe &hilippine 2onstabulary and all 4and %ransportation2ommission regional, provincial and city branch o!!icesF)rovided, %hat all 4and %ransportation 2ommission regional,provincial and city branch o!!ices are likewise obliged to !urnishcopies o! all registration o! motor vehicles to the main o!!ice andto the &hilippine 2onstabulary.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) () 1egistration o! sale, trans!er, conveyance, substitution or replacement o! a motor vehicle engine, engine block or chassis.Every sale, trans!er, conveyance, substitution or replacement o! a motor vehicle engine, engine block or chassis o! a motor vehicle shall be registered with the 4and %ransportation2ommission. 'otor vehicles assembled and rebuilt or repairedby replacement with motor vehicle engines, engine blocks andchassis not registered with the 4and %ransportation 2ommissionshall not be issued certi!icates o! registration and shall beconsidered as untaxed imported motor vehicles or motor vehicles carnapped or proceeding !rom illegalsources.chanroblesvirtualaw library




S$) )3riginal (egistration of motor vehicles" Any personseeking the original registration o! a motor vehicle, whether thatmotor vehicle is newly assembled or rebuilt or ac:uired !rom aregistered owner, shall within one week a!ter the completion o! the assembly or rebuilding *ob or the ac:uisition thereo! !rom theregistered owner, apply to the &hilippine 2onstabulary !or clearance o! the motor vehicle !or registration with the 4and%ransportation 2ommission. %he &hilippine 2onstabulary shall,upon receipt o! the application, veri!y i! the motor vehicle or itsnumbered parts are in the list o! carnapped motor vehicles or

stolen motor vehicle parts. )! the motor vehicle or any o! itsnumbered parts is not in that list, the &hilippine 2onstabularyshall !orthwith issue a certi!icate o! clearance. 5pon presentationo! the certi!icate o! clearance !rom the &hilippine 2onstabularyand a!ter veri!ication o! the registration o! the motor vehicleengine, engine block and chassis in the permanent registry o! motor vehicle engines, engine blocks and chassis, the 4and%ransportation 2ommission shall register the motor vehicle inaccordance with existing laws, rules andregulations.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) <)0uty of *ollector of *ustoms to report arrival of imported motor vehicle, etc" %he 2ollector o! 2ustoms o! a principal port o! entry where an imported motor vehicle, motor vehicle engine,engine block chassis or body is unloaded, shall, within sevendays a!ter the arrival o! the imported motor vehicle or any o! itsparts enumerated herein, make a report o! the shipment to the4and %ransportation 2ommission, speci!ying the make, type andserial numbers, i! any, o! the motor vehicle engine, engine blockand chassis or body, and stating the names and addresses o! the owner or consignee thereo!. )! the motor vehicle engine,engine block, chassis or body does not bear any serial number,the 2ollector o! 2ustoms concerned shall hold the motor vehicleengine, engine block, chassis or body until it is numbered by the4and %ransportation 2ommission.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) 3)0uty of importers, distributors and sellers of motor vehicles to keep record of stocks" Any person engaged in theimportation, distribution, and buying and selling o! motor

vehicles, motor vehicle engines, engine blocks, chassis or body,shall keep a permanent record o! his stocks, stating therein their type, make and serial numbers, and the names and addresseso! the persons !rom whom they were ac:uired and the namesand addresses o! the persons to whom they were sold, and shallrender an accurate monthly report o! his transactions in motor vehicles to the 4and %ransportation2ommission.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) >) 8uty o! manu!acturers o! engine blocks, chassis or bodyto cause numbering o! engine blocks, chassis or bodymanu!actured. Any person engaged in the manu!acture o! engine blocks, chassis or body shall cause the numbering o! every engine block, chassis or body manu!actured in a

convenient and conspicuous part thereo! which the 4and%ransportation 2ommission may direct !or the purpose o! uni!ormity and identi!ication o! the !actory and shall submit to the4and %ransportation 2ommission a monthly report o! themanu!acture and sale o! engine blocks, chassis or body.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) 1&)*learance and permit re@uired for assembly or rebuilding of motor vehicles" Any person who shall undertake toassemble or rebuild or cause the assembly or rebuilding o! amotor vehicle shall !irst secure a certi!icate o! clearance !rom the&hilippine 2onstabularyF )rovided, %hat no such permit shall beissued unless the applicant shall present a statement under oathcontaining the type, make and serial numbers o! the engine,

chassis and body, i! any, and the complete list o! the spare partso! the motor vehicle to be assembled or rebuilt together with thenames and addresses o! the sources thereo!.

)n the case o! motor vehicle engines to be mounted on motor boats, motor bancas and other light water vessels, the applicantshall secure a permit !rom the &hilippine 2oast >uard, whicho!!ice shall in turn !urnish the 4and %ransportation 2ommissionthe pertinent data concerning the motor vehicle enginesincluding their type, make and serialnumbers.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) 11) 2learance re:uired !or shipment o! motor vehicles,motor vehicle engines, engine blocks, chassis or body. Anyperson who owns or operates interIisland shipping or any water transportation with launches, boats, vessels or ships shall withinseven days submit a report to the &hilippine 2onstabulary on allmotor vehicle, motor vehicle engines, engine blocks, chassis or bodies transported by it !or the motor vehicle, motor vehicleengine, engine block, chassis or body to be loaded on board thelaunch, boat vessel or ship.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) 12)0efacing or tampering with serial numbers of motor vehicle engines, engine blocks and chassis" )t shall be unlaw!ul!or any person to de!ace or otherwise tamper with the original or registered serial number o! motor vehicle engines, engine blocksand chassis.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) 1:))enal )rovisions" Any person who violates anyprovisions o! this Act shall be punished with imprisonment !or notless than two years nor more than six years and a !ine e:ual inamount to the ac:uisition cost o! the motor vehicle, motor vehicleengine or any other part involved in the violationF )rovided, %hati! the person violating any provision o! this Act is a *uridicalperson, the penalty herein provided shall be imposed on itspresident or secretary andLor members o! the board o! directors

or any o! its o!!icers and employees who may have directlyparticipated in the violation.

Any government o!!icial or employee who directly commits theunlaw!ul acts de!ined in this Act or is guilty o! gross negligence o! duty or connives with or permits the commission o! any o! thesaid unlaw!ul act shall, in addition to the penalty prescribed inthe preceding paragraph, be dismissed !rom the service withpre*udice to his reinstatement and with dis:uali!ication !romvoting or being voted !or in any election and !rom appointment toany public o!!ice.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) 1'))enalty for *arnapping" Any person who is !ound guiltyo! carnapping, as this term is de!ined in "ec. two o! this Act,

shall, irrespective o! the value o! motor vehicle taken, bepunished by imprisonment !or not less than !ourteen years andeight months and not more than seventeen years and !our months, when the carnapping is committed without violence or intimidation o! persons, or !orce upon thingsG and byimprisonment !or not less than seventeen years and !our monthsand not more than thirty years, when the carnapping iscommitted by means o! violence against or intimidation o! anyperson, or !orce upon thingsG and the penalty o! li!eimprisonment to death shall be imposed when the owner, driver or occupant o! the carnapped motor vehicle is killed in thecommission o! the carnapping.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) 1() Aliens" Aliens convicted under the provisions o! this Act

shall be deported immediately a!ter service o! sentence without!urther proceedings by the 8eportationBoard.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) 1)(eward" Any person who voluntarily gives in!ormationleading to the recovery o! carnapped vehicles and !or theconviction o! the persons charged with carnapping shall be givenas reward so much reward money as the &hilippine2onstabulary may !ix. %he &hilippine 2onstabulary is authoriCedto include in its annual budget the amount necessary to carry outthe purposes o! this section. Any in!ormation given by in!ormersshall be treated as con!idential matter.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) 1<)-eparability clause" )! any provisions o! this Act is

declared invalid, the provisions thereo! not a!!ected by suchdeclaration shall remain in !orce and e!!ect.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary

S$) 13)(epealing clause" All laws, executive orders, rules andregulations, or parts thereo!, inconsistent with the provisions o! this Act are hereby repealed or amendedaccordingly.chanroblesvirtualaw library

S$) 1>)/ffectivity" %his Act shall take e!!ect upon its approval.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 :>

8ppro#ed- 8ugust (5, '<4(

Or/inar- arna,,in6, imprisonment o! <- yrs and ; months not

more than <+yrs and - months. I0 !+$r$ i4

.i"l$n$%imprisonment !or not less than seventeen years and

!our months and not more than thirty years. &enalty o! li!e

imprisonment to death shall be imposed when the "wn$r% /ri.$r

"r ",an! "0 !+$ arna,,$/ m"!"r .$+il$ i4 5ill$/ in thecommission o! the carnapping.

"a lar6$ a!!l$% ang magIapply nadito, antiIcattle rustling law.

%ake note ha, large cattle.Angiro, iring, dilinasya large cattle.

4arge cattle as herein used shall include the cow, carabao,

horse, mule, ass, or other domesticated member o! the bovine

!amily.

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE N") (:: A64! 3% 1><'THE ANTI*

CATTLE RSTLING LAW OF 1><'

W9E1EA", large cattle are indispensable to the livelihood andeconomic growth o! our people, particularly the agriculturalworkers, because such large cattle are the work animals o! our !armers and the source o! !resh meat and dairy products !or our people, and provide raw material !or our tanning and canningindustriesG

W9E1EA", reports !rom the lawIen!orcement agencies revealthat there is a resurgence o! thievery o! large cattle, commonlyknown as Dcattle rustlingD, especially in the rural areas, therebydirectly pre*udicing the livelihood o! the agricultural workers andadversely a!!ecting our !ood production program !or sel!I

su!!iciency in rice, corn and other staple crops, as well as in !reshmeatG

W9E1EA", there is an urgent need to protect large cattle raisingindustry and small time large cattle owners and raisers !rom thene!arious activities o! lawless elements in order to encourage our hardworking cattle raisers and !armers to raise more cattle andconcentrate in their agricultural works, thus increasing our source o! meat and dairy products as well as agriculturalproduction and allied industries which depend on the cattleraising industryG

N0W, %9E1E/01E, ), /E18)NAN8 E. 'A120", &resident o! the 1epublic o! the &hilippines, by virtue o! the powers vested inme by the 2onstitution and pursuant to &roclamations No. <;<,dated "eptember <, <(+ and No. <<-, dated anuary <+,<(+$ and >eneral 0rder No. < dated "eptember , <(+, dohereby order and decree as part o! the law o! the land, the!ollowingF

S$!i"n 1)%itle" %his 8ecree shall be known as the DAntiI2attle1ustling 4aw o! <(+-.D

S$) 2)0efinition of terms" %he !ollowing terms shall mean andbe understood to be as herein de!inedF

a. 4arge cattle as herein used shall include the cow, carabao,

horse, mule, ass, or other domesticated member o! the bovine!amily.

b. 0wnerLraiser shall include the herdsman, caretaker, employeeor tenant o! any !irm or entity engaged in the raising o! largecattle or other persons in law!ul possession o! such large cattle.

c. 2attle rustling is the taking away by any means, method or scheme, without the consent o! the ownerLraiser, o! any o! theaboveImentioned animals whether or not !or pro!it or gain, or whether committed with or without violence against or intimidation o! any person or !orce upon things. )t includes the

killing o! large cattle, or taking its meat or hide without theconsent o! the ownerLraiser.

S$) :)0uty of ownerraiser to register" %he ownerLraiser shall,be!ore the large cattle belonging to him shall attain the age o! sixmonths, register the same with the o!!ice o! the cityLmunicipaltreasurer where such large cattle are raised. %hecityLmunicipality concerned may impose and collect the !eesauthoriCed by existing laws !or such registration and theissuance o! a certi!icate o! ownership to the ownerLraiser.

S$) ')0uty of citymunicipal treasurers and other concerned public officers and employees" All public o!!icials and employeesconcerned with the registration o! large cattle are re:uired toobserve strict adherence with pertinent provisions o! 2hapter ,"ec. H<< to H$-, o! the 1evised Administrative 2ode, exceptinso!ar as they may be inconsistent with the provisions o! this8ecree.

S$) ())ermit to buy and sell large cattle" No person,partnership, association, corporation or entity shall engage in thebusiness o! buy and sell o! large cattle without !irst securing apermit !or the said purpose !rom the &rovincial 2ommander o! the province where it shall conduct such business and thecityLmunicipal treasurer o! the place o! residence o! such person,partnership, association, corporation or entity. %he permit shallonly be valid in such province.

S$) )*learance for shipment of large cattle" Any person,partnership, association, corporation or entity desiring to ship or transport large cattle, its hides, or meat, !rom one province toanother shall secure a permit !or such purpose !rom the&rovincial 2ommander o! the province where the large cattle isregistered. Be!ore issuance o! the permit herein prescribed, the&rovincial 2ommander shall re:uire the submission o! thecerti!icate o! ownership as prescribed in "ec. $ hereo!, acerti!ication !rom the &rovincial 3eterinarian to the e!!ect thatsuch large cattle, hides or meat are !ree !rom any diseaseG and

such other documents or records as may be necessary."hipment o! large cattle, its hides or meat !rom onecityLmunicipality to another within the same province may bedone upon securing permit !rom the cityLmunicipal treasurer o! the place o! origin.

S$) <))resumption of cattle rustling" Every person having in hispossession, control or custody o! large cattle shall, upon demandby competent authorities, exhibit the documents prescribed inthe preceding sections. /ailure to exhibit the re:uired documentsshall be prima !acie evidence that the large cattle in hispossession, control or custody are the !ruits o! the crime o! cattlerustling.

S$) 3))enal provisions" Any person convicted o! cattle rustlingas herein de!ined shall, irrespective o! the value o! the largecattle involved, be punished by prision mayor in its maximumperiod to reclusion temporal in its medium period i! the o!!ense iscommitted without violence against or intimidation o! persons or !orce upon things. )! the o!!ense is committed with violenceagainst or intimidation o! persons or !orce upon things, thepenalty o! reclusion temporal in its maximum period to reclusionperpetua shall be imposed. )! a person is seriously in*ured or killed as a result or on the occasion o! the commission o! cattlerustling, the penalty o! reclusion perpetua to death shall beimposed.

When the o!!ender is a government o!!icial or employee, he shall,

in addition to the !oregoing penalty, be dis:uali!ied !rom voting or being voted upon in any electionLre!erendum and !rom holdingany public o!!ice or employment.

When the o!!ender is an alien, he shall be deported immediatelyupon the completion o! the service o! his sentence without!urther proceedings.

S$) >)(ules and (egulations to be promulgated by the *hief of *onstabulary" %he chie! o! 2onstabulary shall promulgate therules and regulations !or the e!!ective implementation o! this8ecree.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 '&

S$!i"n 1&)(epealing clause" %he provisions o! Articles $( and$< o! Act No. $;<H, otherwise known as the 1evised &enal2ode, as amended, all laws, decrees, orders, instructions, rulesand regulations which are inconsistent with this 8ecree arehereby repealed or modi!ied accordingly.

S$!i"n 11)/ffectivity" %his 8ecree shall take e!!ect uponapproval.

8one in the 2ity o! 'anila, this ;th day o! August, in the year o! 0ur 4ord, nineteen hundred and seventyI!our.

C""n!4 !a5$n 0r"m !+$ ,r$mi4$4 "0 !+$ ,lan!a!i"n "r 0i4+

!a5$n 0r"m a 0i4+,"n/ "r 0i4+$r-) #ung ang coconut

naarasakilidsainyongbalay, gitapokdidto,

didtokamangawatdilinasyaapil. 0r katongnamaligyaug ice buko,

that is not :uali!ied. Why does the law protect the coconut

industry? 'ahirap daw bantayananglubi, naasataas. Ang !ish, to

be :uali!ied, didtokasa ! ishpond nangawat. #ung

nanguhakaugbangusdidtosapunong, :uali!ied the!t. 5nya kung

gikuhanimolukon, shrimp, crabs? Apilna7 this is generic. When

you say !ish, bastanaasa !ishpond.

I0 ,r",$r!- i4 !a5$n "n !+$ "a4i"n "0 0ir$% $ar!+;a5$%

!-,+""n% ."lani $rr,!i"n% "r an- "!+$r alami!-% .$+ilar

ai/$n! "r i.il /i4!r#an$) A!ter the olanda typhoon,

daghankawatan nag loot. %hat is :uali!ied the!t7

S,$ial Law4 "n T+$0!

<. %imber "muggling V &8 +H

. Electricity

$. "tealing gold Vhighgrading

Ar!) :11) Theft of the property of the ational @i!rary and

ational Museum. ? I0 !+$ ,r",$r!- 4!"l$n #$ an- ,r",$r!-

"0 !+$ Na!i"nal Li#rar- "r !+$ Na!i"nal M4$m% !+$ ,$nal!-

4+all #$ arr$4!" ma-"r "r a 0in$ ran6in6 0r"m 2&& !" (&&

,$4"4% "r #"!+% nl$44 a +i6+$r ,$nal!- 4+"l/ #$ ,r".i/$/

n/$r "!+$r ,r".i4i"n4 "0 !+i4 C"/$% in w+i+ a4$% !+$

"00$n/$r 4+all #$ ,ni4+$/ #- 4+ +i6+$r ,$nal!-)

%his should be amended. )magine arresto mayor, tapos painting

ng national museum. #ahoy pa langmahalnamahalnayan. "abi

dun, unless a higher penalty should be provided under the

provisions of this code. 8idtonalangkasa the!t *udkay mas taas

pa ang penalty.

Ar!il$ :12) 3ccupation of real property or usurpation of real

rights in property" I Any person who, by means o! violenceagainst or intimidation o! persons, shall take possession o! anyreal property or shall usurp any real rights in property belongingto another, in addition to the penalty incurred !or the acts o! violence executed by him, shall be punished by a !ine !rom H to< per centum o! the gain which he shall have obtained, but notless than +H pesos.

)! the value o! the gain cannot be ascertained, a !ine o! !rom to H pesos shall be imposed.

%his is called robbery o! real estate. %here is no such thing as

robbery o! land. ou could only be sub*ect o! robbery with

respect o! your personal property. )! there is robbery o! land then

this would be this. )t is the occupation over the land or the

usurpation o! the real rights in your property. %hese words by

means of violence against or intimidation of person, this reminds

us o! robbery because there is a means o! violence or

intimidation o! persons kaya lang instead o! personal property,

real property. What does it say? )t shall take possession o! any

real property or shall usurp any real rights in property belonging

to another. )n other words naakayyutanaay several persons

came to you and said pahawadinhi kung dilipatyonkanamo.6

Nihawapudka, alanganpatyongudka. 5nsaangkaso? %hat is

occupation o! real property or usurpation o! real rights in

property. By the use o! violence against or intimidation o! person

they managed to take possession o! your property belonging to

another.

%here was this case &p vs. &echeM?J << "21A =;+, there is a

tenant who was threatened napahawadiri kung

dilipatyonkanamo. Nihawapudang tenant. %agIiya !ile ugkaso.

%ama baang charge? "abing "2F 'ali

yankasisinobayungnasub*ect to violation or intimidation, yung

mayIariba? 9indi man. %he complainant was the owner but the

one who was sub*ected to the intimidation and intimidation is the

tenant. "o mali, the in!ormation does not state a cause o!

action. #insay private o!!ended party dinhi, ikawbaang

complainant? 8ili. )t is a crime against the tenant.

Ang issue dito is yungpenalty provided. "abiditoin addition to the

penalty incurred for the acts of violence executed by him, shall

be punished by a fine from ' to per centum of the gain

which he shall have obtained, but not less than >'

pesos" Anyway in this !elony, it has a twoIlevel penalty or twoItier

penalty. "abing "2 it is a single penalty although twoItier or two

level. #asiparasiyangspecial complex crimeIcomposite crime,

there is a single act although there are two crimes isang penalty

lang.#asi in this crime there are threats and there are also

usurpation or occupation. )t is still an issue, should this not be a

complex crime? But 2omplex crime is under Article -; applied

in crimes in general.

Ar!il$ '3) )enalty for complex crimes" I When a single act

constitutes two or more grave or less grave !elonies, or when an

o!!ense is a necessary means !or committing the other, the

penalty !or the most serious crime shall be imposed, the same to

be applied in its maximum period.

)n this one the law itsel! provides !or the penalty when there is

occupation, threat or intimidation taposmerong usurpation. %he

"2 said this is a special complex with a twoItiered penalty. %he

penalty is !or the penalty o! the violence, threats and intimidation

plus !ine. Now remember hindibayancomplexed?

"hould it not be also that the penalty is absorbed or is there an

absorption badito.)! absorption will apply here it will result to

absurdity. %he crime here is really usurpation, yung threats kung



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 '1

baga unless the higher penalty o! threats but the real crime here

is really usurpation and occupation. %his is to !ine H to <\

ibigsabihin i! you consider the doctrine o! absorption it would

result to absurdity where the crime o! lesser penalty absorbs the

crime o! a higher penalty.

)t is not a complex crime it de!ines the penaliCes a single and

special indivisible crime although the penalty is twoItiers.

)! you notice that this is committed by means o! violence or

intimidation o! persons supposed that the possession or taking o!

possession, occupation.

"2 when tenantII that could be called usurpation because the

tenant has real right over the property he has the right to

possession because he is the tenant. 9indi kailanganang owner

ang mag !ile.

"uppose the occupation, possession is by means o! stealth. )t

may not be under Art. $< because this re:uires violence against

persons or intimidation against persons. #ung meron stealth

diyan which usually happens samga s:uatters. 0ne day

gumisingka, may nag occupy ng land mo but it is not usurpation

kasi there is no intimidation or violence. %he s:uatters

committed through stealth or strategy. ou cannot *ust drag

them out, ikawangma!ilanng coercion. Although that is your

property, you cannot put the law in your own hands. ou need to

!ile a case against them unlaw!ul detainer. /orcible entry or

trespassing. %hat is why in the past there is an antiIs:uatting

law 1A ++. But girepealng 1A ;$=;antiIs:uatting law repeal

act. What about the pro!essional s:uatters?

r#an D$.! A! "0 1>>2. Also called the 4ina 4aw. 5nder this

law is no longer a crime but it can be i! there is s:uatters in the

traditional sense you can !ile trespassing or !orcible entry or

unlaw!ul detainer. But this law allows a summary eviction or

demolition o! pro!essional s:uatters and imposes criminal

penalties against them. )! they can be covered under the term

pro!essional s:uatters there is provision which allows summary

eviction and demolition o! pro!essional s:uatters.

Now who are pro!essional s:uatters?

<J they re!er to individuals or groups who occupy land without

the express consent o! the land owners and who have su!!icient

income !or legitmitate housing. 'eronnamansilang su!!icient

means o! legitimate housing but what they do is occupy another

land without the consent o! the owner .

.)t also covers those who are previously being awarded housing

bene!its or they were awarded home lots by the government but

who sold, lease, trans!er the same to settle illegally to the same

place or to another urban area.

$. And those nonIbona !ide occupant and intruders o! land

reserved !or socialiCed housing.

Ar!il$ :1:) Altering boundaries or landmarks" I Any person whoshall alter the boundary marks or monuments o! towns,provinces, or estates, or any other marks intended to designatethe boundaries o! the same, shall be punishedby arrestomenor or a !ine not exceeding < pesos, or both.

Ar!il$ :1') raudulent insolvency" I Any person who shallabscond with his property to the pre*udice o! his creditors, shallsu!!er the penalty o! prision mayor, i! he be a merchant and thepenalty o! prisioncorreccional in its maximum period to prision

mayor in its medium period, i! he be not a merchant.&enalty is di!!erent !or merchants. %he o!!ender is a debtor whoshall abscond with his property to the pre*udice o! his creditors.)t does not mean that you really need to leave or part away !romthe place. )! you sell property in !raud o! creditor or you trans!er property. Ang important dito is yung pre*udice ng creditor. %heessence hereis any property o! the debtor is made to disappear !or the purpose o! evading the !ul!ilment o! the obligations andliabilities contracted with one or more creditors. %he !raudulentinsolvency must result to the pre*udice o! the creditors. %he!raudulent concealment is not present i! there are other properties which he can make to satis!y the obligation. 5nlessthe pre*udice is shown there can be no conviction. "upposed the!raudulent concealment o! property is committed a!ter theinstitution o! insolvency proceedings meron special laws

re:uirements under the insolvency law.IEN8I

O!"#$r 22% 2&1' – 0ll +"r

Be!ore we start E"%A/A, ) *ust remembered in 2A1NA&&)N>, i! a car is stolen, under what charge are you going to !ile? 5nder

Article $<, @5A4)/)E8 %9E/% 01 2A1NA&&)N>? #asi sabing the!t itKs :uali!ied i! the thing stolen is a motor vehicle and wego back to the!t, what are the elements, intent to gain, taking o! personal property belonging to another without consent. %hat isthe same thing with respect to AN%)I2A1NA&&)N>, the sameelements are there, o! course kasama na doon ang violenceagainst or intimidation against persons but i! the taking o! a

motor vehicle is without violence or intimidation against persons,under what law are you going to !ile?

P$",l$ .4) B4!in$ra% n$ 3% 2&&' . )n that case, the law itsel!, AN%)I2A1NA&&)N>, it was mentioned that it exempts certainmotor vehicles !rom its coverage, pison, mga roadIrollers, mgatractor, walaKy labot. "o according to the court, i! these are thevehicles stolen, you /)4E 5N8E1 @5A4)/)E8 %9E/% becauseit is not covered by the antiIcarnapping law. Now all others, theyare covered. Now one thing that should interest you is, in thissame case, the charge was @5A4)/)E8 %9E/% and he wasconvicted o! AN%)I2A1NA&&)N>, "2 said, no problem, becausethe elements are the same. )! you are able to prove theelements, all o! them, then even i! the charge is :uali!ied the!t,pwede ka macharge sa antiIcarnapping law, because the

elements are the same, take note o! that.

Now, "W)N8)4)N>. )n E"%A/A, it has been said that man isessentially good and essentially evil. 4ike in E"%A/A, ang haba.

Ar!il$ :1() -windling CestafaD" I Any person who shall de!raud another bshall be punished byF

14!) %he penalty o! prision correccional in its maximum period to prision mthe !raud is over <, pesos but does not exceed , pesos, and ipenalty provided in this paragraph shall be imposed in its maximum p<, pesosG but the total penalty which may be imposed shall not exconnection with the accessory penalties which may be imposed under thbe termed prision mayor or reclusion temporal, as the case may be.

2n/) %he penalty o! prision correccional in its minimum and medium periopesos but does not exceed <, pesosG

:r/) %he penalty o! arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correcis over pesos but does not exceed =, pesosG and

'!+) By arresto mayor in its maximum period, i! such amount does not ecases mentioned, the !raud be committed by any o! the !ollowing meansF

<. With un!aith!ulness or abuse o! con!idence, namelyF




MaJ By altering the substance, :uantity, or :uality or anything o! value which the o!!ender shalldeliver by virtue o! an obligation to do so, even though such obligation be based on an immoral or illegal consideration.

MbJ By misappropriating or converting, to the pre*udice o! another, money, goods, or any other personal property received by the o!!ender in trust or on commission, or !or administration, or under any other obligation involving the duty to make delivery o! or to return the same, even though suchobligation be totally or partially guaranteed by a bondG or by denying having received such money,goods, or other property.

McJ By taking undue advantage o! the signature o! the o!!ended party in blank, and by writing anydocument above such signature in blank, to the pre*udice o! the o!!ended party or o! any thirdperson.

. By means o! any o! the !ollowing !alse pretenses or !raudulent acts executed prior to or simultaneouslywith the commission o! the !raudF

MaJ By using !ictitious name, or !alsely pretending to possess power, in!luence, :uali!ications,property, credit, agency, business or imaginary transactions, or by means o! other similar deceits.

MbJ By altering the :uality, !ineness or weight o! anything pertaining to his art or business.

McJ By pretending to have bribed any >overnment employee, without pre*udice to the action !or

calumny which the o!!ended party may deem proper to bring against the o!!ender. )n this case, theo!!ender shall be punished by the maximum period o! the penalty.

MdJ By postIdating a check, or issuing a check in payment o! an obligation when the o!!ender therein were not su!!icient to cover the amount o! the check. %he !ailure o! the drawer o! the checkto deposit the amount necessary to cover his check within three M$J days !rom receipt o! notice !romthe bank andLor the payee or holder that said check has been dishonored !or lack o! insu!!iciency o! !unds shall be prima !acie evidence o! deceit constituting !alse pretense or !raudulent act. MAsamended by 1.A. -;;H, approved une <+, <(=+.J

MeJ By obtaining any !ood, re!reshment or accommodation at a hotel, inn, restaurant, boardinghouse, lodging house, or apartment house and the like without paying there!or, with intent tode!raud the proprietor or manager thereo!, or by obtaining credit at hotel, inn, restaurant, boardinghouse, lodging house, or apartment house by the use o! any !alse pretense, or by abandoning or

surreptitiously removing any part o! his baggage !rom a hotel, inn, restaurant, boarding house,lodging house or apartment house a!ter obtaining credit, !ood, re!reshment or accommodationtherein without paying !or his !ood, re!reshment or accommodation.

$. %hrough any o! the !ollowing !raudulent meansF

MaJ By inducing another, by means o! deceit, to sign any document.

MbJ By resorting to some !raudulent practice to insure success in a gambling game.

McJ By removing, concealing or destroying, in whole or in part, any court record, o!!ice !iles,document or any other papers.

ou can subdivide this. Well sa haba nito but the elements canbe brought down to two. What are these? Either you haveF

<J Abuse o! 2on!idence plus damage orJ 8eceit plus damage.

#asi kung lahat, kahaba nito, these are !orms and variations o! Esta!a but basically, yun lang ang kailangan mo, whatever variation it is, you must prove E)%9E1, abuse o! con!idence 01deceit and the damage, pecuniary damage.

We can classi!y this or divide thisIIIwhat are the meansG no. < iswith un!aith!ulness and abuse o! con!idence, , by means o! !alse pretenses. #anina AB5"E 0/ 20N/)8EN2E yung number

one diba, number two, 8E2E)%. Ang number $, /1A5854EN%'EAN" &A 1)N "0 1E/E11)N> %0 8E2E)% still. )tong !irst,second and third, *ust take note o! that because these are thepenalties kung magkano.

%he penalties will depend on the amount involved in thede!raudation. "o depende ang penalty kung magkano andperhaps this should also be amended. Anyway, with un!ail!unessand or abuse o! con!idence.

Article $<H<. With un!aith!ulness or abuse o! con!idence, namelyF

MaJ By altering the substance, :uantity, or :uality or anything ovirtue o! an obligation to do so, even though such obligation be b

MbJ By misappropriating or converting, to the pre*udice o! anotproperty received by the o!!ender in trust or on commission,obligation involving the duty to make delivery o! or to return the sor partially guaranteed by a bondG or by denying having received

McJ By taking undue advantage o! the signature o! the o!!ended pabove such signature in blank, to the pre*udice o! the o!!ended pa

)n other words, you are obliged to deliver something but you alter the :uality, :uantity. %ake note that this will apply even i! theitems are immoral or even i! the obligation is based on animmoral consideration. "o mag order ka ng shabu. "abi mo (H\purity, unsa man ni =+ ra man ni. %hat is altering the :uality o! the substance, something like that. Ang problema dito itong letter b, you have ')"A&&10&1)A%)N>, 01 20N3E1%)N> 018EN)N>. "o misappropriating the goods, money or other personal property received by the de!ender in trust.'isappropriation, you should be !amiliar with misappropriation,with respect to crimes committed by public o!!icers,misappropriation o! public !unds or appropriation is

malversation. Now, that term, is here again.

"o +"w /" -" /i4!in6i4+ mi4a,,r",ria!i"n n/$r mal.$r4a!i"n 0r"m mi4a,,r",ria!i"n m$n!i"n$/ +$r$ in$4!a0a?

We know that malversation involves public o!!icers, the o!!endersthere are public o!!icers who are not *ust public o!!icers but alsoaccountable !or that property or that !unds which they havecustody o!. 9ere, the o!!ender in esta!a with respect tomisappropriation is a private individual, private person. 0r evena public o!!icer but he must not have taken advantage or he mustnot in custody or he must not be the accountable public o!!icer.

Almost the same ang elements nya, malversation bymisappropriationm, that is also the case in esta!a. Although

esta!a says, misappropriation, although there is conversion or denial. And o! course, private and public !unds.

W+a! i4 "n.$r!in6

When you convert or even misappropriate, you treat thatsomething as yours, you consider that something to be your property, something like that. Ang problema is, sometimes, thereis a problem, how to distinguish that !rom a civil obligation. 9owdo you distinguish conversion, maremember nyo yung distinctionng commodatum and mutuum? When you borrow my book, youare supposed to return the very same book to me. )! you buy!rom 1ex Bookstore, hindi yan the same, you are supposed toreturn the one that ) gave you, that is commodatum. 'utuum,you borrow money !rom me, php<, hindi mo kailangan ibalik

the very same bill ) gave you. "o that is not esta!a, there istrans!er o! ownership. But then you have to pay me but notnecessarily the same money. ung sa commodatum, i! you donKtreturn the very same book, esta!a yan. an ang isa sa mgadistinctions that you have to take note.

Now, the provision also mentions, 8EN)N>. ou borrow a book!rom me and then you deny that you borrowed a book !rom me,so pasok yan esta!a yan. ou have the duty to make delivery o! or to return the same.

W+a! /"$4 in !r4!% "r "n "mmi44i"n "r 0"r a/mini4!ra!i"n m$an

'eaning, the personal property is received in %15"% or !or 20'')"")0N or /01 A8')N)"%1A%)0N. )n %15"%, meaning,there is N0 %1AN"/E1 0/ 0WNE1"9)& because you aremerely holding this item in trust, you are supposed to return it or to deliver it later. "o i! you ')"A&&10&1)A%E, 20N3E1% or 8EN having received it, in trust, that is E"%A/A, under par. <MbJor on commission. 2ommission here, does not re!er tosomething where in you sell something and you get theproceeds. 2ommission here is parang order ba, you are beingcommissioned to do something. %hat is the meaning o! thecommission here.

Based on some cases, you are supposed to pay something,license, or tax or whatever, cedula or whatever. 'amalihog ka sa



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 ':

bgy. 2aptain to pay your cedula and another also asked the bgy.0!!icial to pay the cedula, but he has no cash so, kani nalang isd,and he did not get the ctc o! these people, ano ngayon angliability nya? Esta!a? 0r simple loan !or collection o! money? %heanswer to that was iba. %he !irst one, he was commissioned togo to the baranggay and pay the money there and bring back the2%2 because he misappropriated the money, that becomesesta!a. &ero yung isa hindi yun esta!a, so you have to distinguishyang mga ganyan.

Also, agency, agent and principal. Agent, he is not holding theproperty in the concept o! an owner. ou are supposed to holdon to it and sell it and then remit the proceeds back to theprincipal. )! you misappropriate the proceeds, that is esta!a. 0r depositary ka, you are supposed to hold on to that and then i! you misappropriate the items deposited, liable ka !or esta!a. 0neother example here is katong nagbaligya ug typewriter, pero trialmuna, bigay ko sayo, H days, kasi ang distinction dyan iswhether there is trans!er o! ownership. Now a!ter H days, hindibinalik, hindi rin binayaran, so ano yan. Ang sabi dito, i! the itemis not returned within that period, there is automatic sale,because sale is e!!ective upon delivery, dili kailangan bayaran,so wala na giuli, imo na na, bayari ko, so there is N0 E"%A/A.

As a general rule, E"%A/A, N0 %1AN"/E1 0/ 0WNE1"9)&,example, the money and the book. )! you do not return the book,

esta!a, the money, may trans!er o! ownership kaya di yan esta!a.

0ne thing that you have to remember here is the 8E/EN"E o! N03A%)0N.

Naalala nyo anong novation? A change in the terms o! paymento! the contract. "o suppose in the case o! an agent andprincipal. %he agent is unable to return the proceeds and he isalso unable to return the goods. "o sabi nya sa principal, )promise to pay, ) will execute a promissory note, ) will pay !or thevalue o! the things in a monthKs time. A!ter one month walakabayad, so ano ngayon esta!a? 0r an action !or a sum o! money. )n the !irst place, meron silang contract o! agency. )! atthat point, the principal chose to !ile a case, esta!a talaga yun.But what happened here, the contract was novated into one o! a

simple loan, kay nag execute ng promissory note, in other words, kanya nay un and i! he does not pay, that is a simplecollection o! money. %here!ore, it is N0% E"%A/A. %hat isN03A%)0N.

%here is another similar crime or !elony. #anina we distinguishesta!a !rom malversation. Another is %9E/% AN8 E"%A/A.

%he usual distinction there is, kining esta!a, i! you look at the law,the things are received in trust or on commission. )n other words,the o!!ender received, gidawat niya unya wala niya giuli. Angthe!t i! you remember, is taking o! personal propery with intent togain. Esta!a, gidawat. %he!t, gikuha. But sometimes that is not agood indicator because, !or example in the case o! a househelp.

Ang househelp gihatagan nimo ug kwarta, palit sa palengke

unya wala na nibalik. >ihatag man nimo ang kwarta, the moneyis received, so is that esta!a? 9ousehelp nga eh so :uali!iedthe!t yan.

0r another example. ung sasakyan. ou have to distinguishbetween &9")2A4 &0""E"")0N AN8 51)8)2A4&0""E"")0N. When you say 51)8)2A4 &0""E"")0N, thatis &0""E"")0N that you can exercise even against the owner,you are not the owner but you can exercise that even against theowner. An example there is yung apartment, sabihin ng mayIari,alis ka na dyan. 'erong contract o! lease so hindi ka pwedebasta nalang mapaalis. our possession o! your apartment unitis 51)8)2A4.

"o when somebody rents a car, may rent a car company ka, givehim the possession o! the car, you give him the keys, kung dili naiuli, unsa man na ron? %hat is 51)8)2A4 &0""E"")0N so thatamounts to E"%A/A. #ung trans!er na &9")2A4, %9E/% yansya. &9")2A4 &0""E"")0N 0N4.

But also, remember yung sa taxi, there is this ruling o! the "2.#ung taxi, diba boundary man na, basta kay tagaI) koKg isa kalibo, imoha na ang sobra. 5nya karon wala giIuli ang taxi, waladaw niya giuli kay wala sya kaabot boundary. "o is that the!t or esta!a? "2 said, the relationship o! the owner and the driver isthat o! EEIE1 and there!ore the crime is %9E/%. Althoughbecause itKs motor vehicle, :uali!ied.

Another illustration is, ipatuloy ko yung with respect to51)8)2A4 AN8 &9")2A4 &0""E"")0N only. #asi yung sarental, that is *uridical, you can insist your possession evenagainst the owner. But suppose you have a car and a personaldriver, gisugo nimo, i! you change your mind, can the driver insist? "o that is possession that is not *uridical, that is merelyphysical possession.

Now, conversion also, in relation to this particular paragraph,par.<MbJ, relate this to &.8. <<H, the %15"% 1E2E)&%. %rustreceipt transaction. Anyway, trust receipt transaction, &.8. <<H

What constitutes "ec. - o! trust receipts? What constitutes atrust receipt transaction? 5nder "ec. - o! a trust receipt.

P)D) 11(S$!i"n ') hat constitutes a trust receipt transaction" A trust receipt tranis any transaction by and between a person re!erred to in this 8ecree as tin this 8ecree as entrustee, whereby the entruster, who owns or holds abspeci!ied goods, documents or instruments, releases the same to the poexecution and delivery to the entruster o! a signed document called ahimsel! to hold the designated goods, documents or instruments in trusdispose o! the goods, documents or instruments with the obligation to tur to the extent o! the amount owing to the entruster or as appears in theinstruments themselves i! they are unsold or not otherwise disposed o!, i

speci!ied in the trust receipt, or !or other purposes substantially e:uivalent

<. )n the case o! goods or documents, MaJ to sell the goods orprocess the goods with the purpose o! ultimate saleF &rovided,trust receipt !or the purpose o! manu!acturing or processing be!orits title over the goods whether in its original or processed !orm uobligation under the trust receiptG or McJ to load, unload, ship or manner preliminary or necessary to their saleG or

. )n the case o! instruments,

aJ to sell or procure their sale or exchangeG or

bJ to deliver them to a principalG or

cJ to e!!ect the consummation o! some transactions invo

dJ to e!!ect their presentation, collection or renewal

%he sale o! goods, documents or instruments by a person in thinstruments !or pro!it who, at the outset o! the transaction, has, ain such goods, documents or instruments, or who sells the saother interest as security !or the payment o! the purchasetransaction and is outside the purview and coverage o! this 8ecr

"o merong entruster, merong entrusteee. %he entruster is

usually a bank, and ang nangutang entrustee. Whereby theentruster holds absolute title or security interest over certainspeci!ied rules, documents and instruments, releases the sameto the possession o! the entrustee, releases items to theentrustee, upon the latterKs MentrusteeJ execution or delivery tothe entruster o! a signed document or a trust receipt. "o ito angnag execute, ang entrustee, dili man ni magpautang pud angbanko MentrusterJ so what happens is that, kasi ito, this wasmeant to help merchants and importers. #ung mag import ka,kelangan mo ng pera, you need !inancing, you go to a bank unyakay maro man ning bangko, dili man pud na muhatag nalang. %oensure that they get back what they let you borrow, execute kang trust receipt. But the merchandise that he will buy will be inthe name o! the bank. %he title is in the name o! the bank, itKs nothis. )t is in the name o! the bank but the possession o! these

items is given to him by the bank, sub*ect o! course to, kungmabaligya niya, magbayad sya sa bangko, that in a nutshell is a%15"% 1E2E)&% %1AN"A2%)0N, whereby the entrustee bindshimsel! to hold the designated goods, documents or instrumentsin trust !or the entruster and to sell or otherwise dispose o! thegoods, documents or instruments with the obligation to turnover to the entruster the proceeds thereo! to the extent o! the amountowing to the entruster or as appears in the trust receipt o! thegoods themselves i! they are not sold or not otherwise disposedo!. "o parang esta!a talaga sya.

"imply stated, trust receipt transaction, is one where theentrustee has the obligation to deliver to the entruster the price



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 ''

o! the sale or i! the merchandise is not sold, to return themerchandise to the entruster. %he proceeds or the merchandisethemselves. &roceeds syempre kay kung gibaligya na nimo,mag kita sya doon, magpatong na sya, basta meron lang syaobligations !rom the proceeds.

%here are there!ore obligations in a trust receipt transactionF

<. 'oney 1eceived under the obligation or the duty to turn

it over to the owner o! the merchandise sold, to the

entruster

. 'erchandise 1eceived under the obligation or the duty

to return the proceeds or the merchandise and this is

one o! the important phrases.

A violation o! any o! these undertakings, constitute E"%A/Ade!ined under Article $<H M<JMbJ o! the 1&2 and this is providedin the law itsel!, the trust receipts law, "ection <$, which is thepenalty clause.

S$!i"n 1:) )enalty clause" %he !ailure o! an entrustee to turn over the proceeds o! the sale o! the goods, documentsor instruments covered by a trust receipt to the extent o! the amount owing to the entruster or as appears in the trustreceipt or to return said goods, documents or instruments i! they were not sold or disposed o! in accordance with theterms o! the trust receipt shall constitute the crime o! esta!a, punishable under the provisions o! Article %hree hundredand !i!teen, paragraph one MbJ o! Act Numbered %hree thousand eight hundred and !i!teen, as amended, otherwiseknown as the 1evised &enal 2ode. )! the violation or o!!ense is committed by a corporation, partnership, associationor other *uridical entities, the penalty provided !or in this 8ecree shall be imposed upon the directors, o!!icers,employees or other o!!icials or persons therein responsible !or the o!!ense, without pre*udice to the civil liabilitiesarising !rom the criminal o!!ense.

"o in a nutshell, that sums it up. 3iolation ng trust receipt, !ile kang E"%A/A.Now, this was challenged. %he constitutionality was challenged.Because ang esta!a, naa man nay imprisonment. )snKt thisunconstitutional, you will be imprisoned !or contracting a debt. 8iba sabi ng constitution, dili *ud ka mapreso kung utang lang angistoryahan and we know that this re!ers to contractual

obligations. )snKt this a contractual obligation.

"abin g "2 in one case, itong trust receipt, dalawa ang !eaturenito. 0ne !eature is the 40AN /EA%51E, utang, bayaran mo, sokung ganyan, you do not go to *ail !or the utang, that is in theconstitution. But the other !eature o! the trust receipt is the"E251)% /EA%51E, that is why you are being charged. ouare not being charged !or the simple loan. ou are beingimprisoned because you violated the "E251)% /EA%51E, thetrust receipt itsel!, kasi yan, yan ang security !or the bank.

A trust receipt does not involve a simple loan transaction,between a debtor and a creditor"

But in this case o!, Hr Tin an6 .4) P$",l$ A64! 1'% 2&1:,andito na lahat all about trust receipts in relation to esta!a. )n thiscase, "2 said, nonetheless, when both parties enter into anagreement, 5n"win6 0ll- w$ll !+a! !+$ r$!rn "0 !+$ 6""/4%4#=$! "0 !+$ !r4! r$$i,! i4 n"! ,"44i#l$ , even without any!ault on the part o! the trustee, it is N0% A %15"% 1E2E)&%%1AN"A2%)0N penaliCed under &.8. <<H in relation to $<H andthe only obligation agreed upon by the parties would be a returno! the proceeds o! the same transaction. %his transactionbecomes a mere loan, where the borrower is obligated to paythe bank the amount spent !or the purchase o! the goods.Because according to the court, parang contract o! adhesion,nisugot nalang ka.

%he true nature o! a trust receipt transaction, can be !ound in the

W9E1EA" 24A5"E6 o! &.8. <<H

W9E1EA", the utiliCation o! trust receipts, as a convenient business devitheir !inancing problems, had gained popular acceptance in internaparticularly in commercial banking transactionsG

W9E1EA", there is no speci!ic law in the &hilippines that governs trust reobligations o! the parties involved therein and the en!orcement o! the saiterms o! the trust receipt agreementG

W9E1EA", the recommendations contained in the report on the !inancicertain modi!ications by the monetary authorities included, among others,

receipt transactionsG

%here were a lot o! cases be!ore, na ang sabi ng court be!ore,mag apply to sa importing lang, importation. But in one o! thecases, sabi ng "2, wala man nakalagay sa &.8. <<H na !or purposes o! importation lang ito. "o this will also apply even i! the merchant does not import. Basta nag execute ng trust receipttapos dito binili, domestic, mag apply gihapon na sya. "o ditoklaro, to assist merchants and importers solve their financing

problems" "o obviously the state, in enacting the law, sought to!ind a way to assisting importers and merchants in their !inancingin order to encourage commerce in the &hilippines.

%he %rust (eceipts #aw was created to <to aid in financing importers anfunds or resources to finance the importation or purchase of merchandise,except through utiliEation, as collateral, of the merchandise imported or pu(egardless of whether the transaction is foreign or domestic, it is importarelation to trust receipts mainly involved sales"

*onsidering that the goods in this case were never intended for sacommunication towers, the trial court erred in ruling that the agreement is

-ince Asiatrust knew that petitioner was neither an importer nor retailagreement could not possibly apply to petitioner"

hen both parties enter into an agreement knowing that the return of t possible even without any fault on the part of the trustee, it is not a trust re

e pointed out that the borrowers were not importers ac@uiring goodsoften within the custody or control of the trustee until they are purchamanufacture of finished products, these finished products + if not the raremain in the possession of the trustee until they are sold" But the goconstruction project are often placed under the control and custody of thonly be compelled to return the materials if they fail to pay the contrac

proceedings"

%he practice of banks of making borrowers sign trust receipts to facilitat the threats of criminal prosecution should they be unable to pay it may be-uch agreements are contracts of adhesion which borrowers havedisapproved" %he resort to this scheme leaves poor and hapless borrow misinterpretation"2nfortunately, what happened in *olinares is exactly the situation in t

practice described in *olinares should be stopped and discouraged" o provision of non6imprisonment for nonpayment of debts,?? it is imperative/stafa under Art" &', par" CbD ofthe ()*, in relation to )0 '" CF2( %.

8ote: these are exerpts of the case that sir read to the class"

Because it has really been a practice, simple loan lang, nagpapaexecute ng trust receipt, kahit hindi kailangan even when youKrenot going to buy merchandise !or sale, execute ka pa rin ng %rust1eceipt. %hat is according to the "2 is reprehensible.

Ang sunod nito is, by taking undue advantage of the signature of the offended party, you have a paper and you write a documentabove the signature. 0bviously may mga taong ganon noh,magiwan lang din ng signature, to the pre*udice o! the o!!endedparty. %hat is esta!a.

CRIM 2 OCT2:% 2&1' FIRST HOR

2) B- m$an4 "0 an- "0 !+$ 0"ll"win6 0al4$ ,r$!$n4$4 "r 0ra/l$n! a!4 $8$!$/ ,ri"r !" "r 4iml!an$"4l- wi!+ !+$"mmi44i"n "0 !+$ 0ra/9

a B- 4in6 0i!i!i"4 nam$% "r 0al4$l- ,r$!$n/in6 !","44$44 ,"w$r% in0l$n$% ;ali0ia!i"n4% ,r",$r!-% r$/i!%

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2013/aug2013/gr_195117_2013.html#fnt22





CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 '(

a6$n-% #4in$44 "r ima6inar- !ran4a!i"n4% "r #- m$an4 "0 "!+$r 4imilar /$$i!4)

When you use a fictitious name, one example given there is youredeemed a ticket sa pawnshop and you used a !ictitious nameand pretend to be somebody, that would under this kind o! esta!a.

or falsely pretending to possess power, influence, @ualifications, property, credit, agency, business or imaginary transactions, or

by means of other similar deceits"Bastakay nay deceit.

/or those o! you who have read xxx M canKt clearly hear sirKsvoice..butang thought saiyagiingon, clerk o! court makes adecision instead o! the *udge, is that pretending to possesspower, in!luence? 9indi. J

)n one case Ila6an.4 CA 2:> S (<(, he was an agent and hewas strictly prohibited by his principal !rom collecting money.9owever, he !alsely pretended to the clients that he wasauthoriCed to collect money. %here are actually kinds o! esta!athereF <. Esta!a with abuse o! con!idence with respect to theprincipal and . Esta!a by means o! deceit with respect to the +individuals !rom whom he collected money. And !or each one o! them, thereKs a di!!erent count o! esta!a.

ust remember when you speak o! esta!a, the element o! damage, actual damage is not really necessary as long as it iscapable o! pecuniary estimation. Example, when you aredeprived o! property rights, there is damage.

# B- al!$rin6 !+$ ;ali!-% 0in$n$44 "r w$i6+! "0 an-!+in6,$r!ainin6 !" +i4 ar! "r #4in$44)

B- ,r$!$n/in6 !" +a.$ #ri#$/ an- G".$rnm$n! $m,l"-$$%wi!+"! ,r$=/i$ !" !+$ a!i"n 0"r almn- w+i+ !+$"00$n/$/ ,ar!- ma- /$$m ,r",$r !" #rin6 a6ain4! !+$"00$n/$r) In !+i4 a4$% !+$ "00$n/$r 4+all #$ ,ni4+$/ #- !+$ma8imm ,$ri"/ "0 !+$ ,$nal!-)

&retending nabigyannangperaang *udge.

/ QB- ,"4!*/a!in6 a +$5% "r i44in6 a +$5 in ,a-m$n!"0 an "#li6a!i"n w+$n !+$ "00$n/$r !+$r$in w$r$ n"!400ii$n! !" ".$r !+$ am"n! "0 !+$ +$5) T+$ 0ailr$ "0 !+$ /raw$r "0 !+$ +$5 !" /$,"4i! !+$ am"n! n$$44ar- !"".$r +i4 +$5 wi!+in !+r$$ : /a-4 0r"m r$$i,! "0 n"!i$0r"m !+$ #an5 an/"r !+$ ,a-$$ "r +"l/$r !+a! 4ai/ +$5+a4 #$$n /i4+"n"r$/ 0"r la5 "0 in400ii$n- "0 0n/4 4+all#$ ,rima 0ai$ $.i/$n$ "0 /$$i! "n4!i!!in6 0al4$ ,r$!$n4$"r 0ra/l$n! a!) A4 am$n/$/ #- R)A) '33(% a,,r".$/ n$1<% 1><)

%his is the most important paragraph here. )n this paragpraph,there are actsF <. oupostIdate a check or . ou issue a checknawalaypondo, or insu!!icient !unds.

When you talk about checks, be sure you know that bouncingchecks is a di!!erent crime. When you talk about bouncingchecks, there is a bouncing check law V B&.

9ere, when you talk about about violation under Art $<H, you talkabout esta!a. )t is not about esta!a by bouncing checks. Butwhen you talk about bouncing checks, it is B&. 9ere, you talkabout esta!a, although parangganon din anglabas, the check willbounce. )n other words, it will not be honoured because o! theinsu!!iciency o! !unds or no !unds at all.

"o there are laws !or the bouncing checks. We have to knowthis because they can go together, meaning, the issuance o! abouncing check may be criminally chargeable under both B&as well as Art $<H MJ MdJ. "ometimes it will !all under B& only,or sometimes in art $<H MJ MdJ only. But there are instanceswhere you can be charged under both B& and Art $<H MJ MdJ.

)n esta!a, the "00$n/$r ,"4!*/a!$/ "r i44$/ a +$5 in,a-m$n! "0 an "#li6a!i"n "n!ra!$/ a! !+$ !im$ "0 !+$ ,"4!*/a!in6 "r "0 !+$ i44an$) )n other words, you are issuing thischeck as payment !or something at that time. At the time o! theissue, you got something in return. ou want to buy %3, you donKthave cash, you issued a check. %he %3 was given to you

because you issued a check. 0bligation contracted at the time o! the issuance o! the check. %hat is the order.

Another element is, a! !+$ !im$ "0 !+$ i44an$ !+$ "00$n/$r +a/ n" 0n/4 "r !+$ 0n/4 /$,"4i!$/ ar$ n"! 400ii$n! !"".$r !+$ .al$ "0 !+$ +$5)

%he last element there would be that !+$ ,a-$$ wa4 /$0ra/$/)

4ike ) said, the payment o! the check was a simultaneousobligation.

5nder the xxx doctrine, i! the check was issued to a payment o! a preIexisting obligation, there is no esta!a. What do you meanby a preIexisting obligation? Naankadaanobligation, and youissued a check in payment o! the obligation. )! the checkedbounces, that is not esta!a. Why? Because the payee was notde!rauded at that time. /or example, you borrowed money !rom. ou said, you will pay next week. Next week comes,singilnasiyasayo, walakapambayad. "o you issued a check. &agpresent sa bank, the check is dishonored. )s there esta!a? %hereis no esta!a. Why? Because your obligation is not a preIexistingone. )n other words, hindisya simultaneous, hindisiyakaliwaan.Nalibabasyapag issue nimogcheke? Wala man.Nalibasya, evenbe!ore kaynituosyanimo. )t is not esta!a under a case like that !or

a preIexisting obligation. )t will be a violation o! B&."uppose that the check is dishonoured because o! stoppayment. )s there a violation? #asidiba, isyuhannimougcheke,unyatawagannimoangbanko, you order stop payment. )s thatesta!a under art $<H?As long as the transaction covered issimultaneous, that is esta!a. We are talking here o! esta!a bymeans o! deceit. #ung nalibaka, na deceive ka, naIde!raudangtao because o! your deceit, it will !all under Art $<H. )t is alsotrue with respect to the endorsement. 8ibaangcheke is anegotiable instrument, so you can endorse it. )! you are theendorsee hindiikawang nag draw ng check.)kawlangangnagpasa, ang nag negotiate. Are you liable? 0! course, you are. Because again you are saying that the check isgood when in !act, it is not. %hat is still deceit.

P,.4L5#an6 1> S :'1))n this case, the check was not issued!or payment. )t was issued as a guaranty or something like that,a guaranty !or investment or a guaranty !or payment. )! the checkis presented to the bank and it was dishonoured, will it amount toesta!a? Also giI!ilanng !alsi!ication under untruth!ul statements ina narration o! !acts.#asisabimo may pondo, may amountnaganyan, when in !act that is a !alse statement in a narration o! !acts. Walakanamanperapala.Anongsabing "2? %hat is not!alsi!ication. Why? Because a check is not a document. %here isno narration there. )tKs not a narration o! !acts. A check is anorder by the drawer telling the bank to pay the holder o! thecheck. With respect to the check issued as a security !or theinvestment, the court said that there is no crime because thecheck was not issued in payment o! an obligation. )! you look at

Art$<H MJ M8J, it says there in payment o! an obligation. "o i! the

check was merely !or purposes o! guaranty or as an evidence o! indebtedness, not !or payment o! an obligation, then it cannot beesta!a.

%he same thing i! you look at crossIchecks. What is the nature o! a crossIcheck? A crossIcheck is not supposed to be encash. )t issupposed to be deposit. #ung ganyan, it is not a payment o! something, so itKs not to be esta!a.P$",l$ .4Di7"n)"inabihannyaangtaonaitokulangangpondo.Now, the tao tried to encash it. 2an there be esta!a? No, walangdeceit. ou go back to the basic principle V esta!a by means o! deceit. )! there is no deceit, you cannot !iler under thisparagraph.

ou have to take note o! that because the rule is di!!erent whenwe talk about B&. )n B&, the crime is really basically theissuance o! a check which is un!unded, a check which isinsu!!iciently !unded. %hat is the crime in B&. %his bouncingcheck law was passed to protect the integrity o! checks.

S$!i"n 1) *hecks without sufficient funds" I Any person whomakes or draws and issues any check to apply on account or !or value, knowing at the time o! issue that he does not havesu!!icient !unds in or credit with the drawee bank !or the paymento! such check in !ull upon its presentment, which check issubse:uently dishonored by the drawee bank !or insu!!iciency o! !unds or credit or would have been dishonored !or the samereason had not the drawer, without any valid reason, ordered the



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 '

bank to stop payment, shall be punished by imprisonment o! notless than thirty days but not more than one M<J year or by a !ineo! not less than but not more than double the amount o! thecheck which !ine shall in no case exceed %wo 9undred%housand &esos, or both such !ine and imprisonment at thediscretion o! the court.

%he same penalty shall be imposed upon any person who,having su!!icient !unds in or credit with the drawee bank when hemakes or draws and issues a check, shall !ail to keep su!!icient

!unds or to maintain a credit to cover the !ull amount o! the checki! presented within a period o! ninety M(J days !rom the dateappearing thereon, !or which reason it is dishonored by thedrawee bank.

Where the check is drawn by a corporation, company or entity,the person or persons who actually signed the check in behal! o! such drawer shall be liable under this Act.

%here are acts punish in B&.1) " ma5$% /raw% i44$ an- +$5 !" a,,l- "n

a"n! "r 0"r .al$)%he phrase on account or for value makes a lot o!

di!!erence. 4ike ) said, sometime you can invoke bothB& and Art $<H when the check is issued !or a

simultaneous obligation. %hat is what is meant by for

value. %he check is issued !or value, saato pa kaliwaan.

) give you this check, you give me the items.

)tongon account , what does that mean? %hat means apreIexisting obligation which is not punish i! you chargeunder Art $<H. But here, i! you make, draw, issue acheck intended !or payment to apply on account.)bigsabihin you are issuing a check !or a preIexistingobligation, and there!ore it constitutes a violation o! theB&.

"o that is one distinction between B& and Art $<H.

B& applies even i! there is a preIexisting obligation.)n Art $<H, it does not apply. )t can only be esta!a i! it ismade to pay !or a simultaneous obligation.

)s an endorser liable in B&? 8ibasabinatinsa Art $<H,you are liable. )! you look in the language o! B&, theact punish is the making, drawing, issuing the check.ong endorser, di syanaga draw, di syanaga issue,there!ore di syakasamasa B&.

Another is, memorandum checks V checks issued onlyas a guaranty or issued as evidence o! indebtedness,or crossIchecks. Are you liable under B&? %his timethe answer is yes. 2ompared to Art $<H, hindi. #asinga,

here sa B&, the essence is the issuance a o! badcheck. 'ere issuance. "o your guaranty should beother way, not by issuing a check.

)n B&, sec - saysU

S$!i"n ') *redit construed" I %he word DcreditD as used hereinshall be construed to mean an arrangement or understandingwith the bank !or the payment o! such check.

'ay lusotkasisa B&, when you present the check !or payment,tapos you have insu!!icient !unds pala. ou are given theopportunity to make good the check. "ometimes, maynagabigayng credit. 'eaning, even i! your check is insu!!iciently

!unded. %hey will take it. Bayarannila yon. "o you have a creditwith bank. "o i! you make arrangement with the bank, ok na yonkumbaga.

Also, when you present the check to the bank, sec says..

S$!i"n 2) /vidence of knowledge of insufficient funds" I %hemaking, drawing and issuance o! a check payment o! which isre!used by the drawee because o! insu!!icient !unds in or creditwith such bank, when presented within ninety M(J days !rom thedate o! the check, shall be prima !acie evidence o! knowledge o! such insu!!iciency o! !unds or credit unless such maker or drawer pays the holder thereo! the amount due thereon, or makes

arrangements !or payment in !ull by the drawee o! such checkwithin MHJ banking days a!ter receiving notice that such checkhas not been paid by the drawee.

9ere, even i! it is a crime o! malumprohibitum, you needevidence that the drawer knows nawalasyang !unds. #ailanganmay knowledge. )! within ( days, di giIhonorngbank, that is nowevidence that you ac:uired knowledge that your check isun!unded or there is insu!!icient !unds. %hat will be now evidenceas knowledge.

unless such maker or drawer pays the holder thereof the amount due thereon, or makes arrangements for payment in full by thedrawee of such check within C'D banking days after receiving notice that such check has not been paid by the drawee"

)n other words, you are given opportunity under B&, i! you donot pay or make arrangement with the bank, then liablekana.meronka pang leeway, within H banking days,ayusinmonayan, otherwise, igo n aka sa B&. %his ( days is!or purposes o! knowledge. &ag present sa banktaposdishonored, evidence na yon. "o you have H banking daysparabayaran yon or you make arrangement with the bank.

)! you present your check a!ter ( days, walana yangpresumption nayan. %he ( days is only !or purposes o!

presumption. Bakitkanamanpupuntasabanko a!ter ( days !romthe making or drawing? 'ao ngginatawagna stale check.Walang criminal liability.

Another thing is stop payment. )s the stop payment a violation o! B&? Again, basics. B& is making a bad check. Eh kung maypondoyanpero gusto molang iIstop payment, is that a badcheck? )tKs not a bad check7 )t is not a violation o! B&. )t wouldbe a violation o! Art $<H. Nangatikka, sabimobayad,taposimogitawaganangbankoparadiliibayad.

)! the check is dishonored, ilagayang reason !or the dishonor,insu!!icient o! !unds, stop payment or kung insu!!icient tapos stoppayment pa *ud, ibutangnadidto.

which check is subse:uently dishonored by the drawee bank !or insu!!iciency o! !unds or credit or would have been dishonored!or the same reason had not the drawer, without any validreason, ordered the bank to stop payment

kana, violation o! B& and Art $<H.

Lim .4 CA .4 2<' S (<2)9e was the authoriCed signatories o! check, gisignanniyaang check, as to payee and amount ibangdivision angnaga !ill up. Ang issue dito is knowledge. Accordingto the court, he cannot be held liable. )! such knowledge o! insu!!iciency o! !unds is proven to be actually absent or nonIexistent, accused should not be held liable. %he prosecutionmust prove and de!ense must be given a chance to rebut.

Although malumprohibitum, the prosecution is not excused !romthe responsibility o! proving beyond reasonable doubt all theelements o! the o!!ense and that includes knowledge.

%he notice o! dishonour was sent to the corporation, not to theperson who was authoriCed. %here was no notice. %hat is notknowledge. #asi corporation ang nag issue eh.

Llama/".4 CA 2<& S ':)%his time the signatory o! the checkdenies knowledge. %he check was signed in blank. But he washeld liable. #nowledge as a state o! mind is di!!icult to prove. %hestatute itsel! creates a prima !acie presumption that drawer hasknowledge. 9e !ailed to rebut the presumption by paying theamount o! the check within H days !rom notice o! dishonour.

When you sign a check in blank, you made yoursel! prone to thecharge o! violation o! B&. )t was incumbent upon him to provehis de!ense o! lack o! involvement in the negotiation or in thetransaction.%he directive ) told you earlier with respect to banks to indicatethe order o! stop payment is in section $U

S$!i"n :)0uty of drawee; rules of evidence" I )t shall be theduty o! the drawee o! any check, when re!using to pay the sameto the holder thereo! upon presentment, to cause to be written,printed, or stamped in plain language thereon, or attachedthereto, the reason !or draweesdishonor or re!usal to pay the



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 '<

sameF &rovided, %hat where there are no su!!icient !unds in or credit with such drawee bank, such !act shall always be explicitlystated in the notice o! dishonor or re!usal. )n all prosecutionsunder this Act, the introduction in evidence o! any unpaid anddishonored check, having the drawees re!usal to pay stampedor written thereon or attached thereto, with the reason there!or as a!oresaid, shall be prima !acie evidence o! the making or issuance o! said check, and the due presentment to the drawee!or payment and the dishonor thereo!, and that the same wasproperly dishonored !or the reason written, stamped or attached

by the drawee on such dishonored check.

Not with standing receipt o! an order to stop payment, thedrawee shall state in the notice that there were no su!!icient!unds in or credit with such bank !or the payment in !ull o! suchcheck, i! such be the !act.

Both must appear, the stop payment and drawn againstinsu!!icient !unds M8A)/J. )! they both exist, ilagaydoon. %akenote, the practice refer to drawer and other euphemisms is nolonger allowed. Nakalagaydapat stop payment or insu!!icient!unds.#larohana.

%he other act punish in B& isU

. %he !ailure to keep su!!icient !unds or to maintain a creditwithin a period o! ninety M(J days !rom the date appearingthereon.

#aya ngadibamerontayo within ( days you present, that is your obligation to maintain su!!icient !unds within ( days. #ayangakung a!ter ( days kana nag present, walang liability angnag issue under the B&.

"o how do you distinguish the !irst act !rom the second act.

<. ong sa !irst, the check is worthless at the time o! theissuance, whereas the nd type, itKs good when issued.

. %he <st type, the drawer has knowledge o! the insu!!iciency o! !unds or lack o! !unds, whereas in the nd type, knowledge is nota re:uisite.

$. %he <st type, the law compels the drawer to either deposit or arrange credit with the drawee upon H days !rom presentment,the nd type, the law expects or compels the drawer maintainsu!!icient !unds or enough credit within ( days !rom drawing or issuing.

L"7an" .4 Mar!in$7 1> S :':)Where the constitutionality o! the imprisonment was :uestioned. According to the court, this isnot a violation o! the right against imprisonment !or nonIpaymento! debt. %he purpose o! the law is to protect the integrity o! thecheck as a !orm o! payment in commercial transactions. %hepractice proscribed is the act o! making or issuing worthlesschecks which is considered as a public nuisance.

SEPT 2: 2n/ ,ar!

')44E1 3. 2AF dishonour due to closure o! account, this is thesame as !ailure to maintain necessary deposits. B& applieseven i! the check is issued only as a guarantee, nag issue ka ngcheck as accommodation party not meant as payment !or anobligation. But because you issued a bad check, apil yan sa B& although not punished by Art $<H, that is @5E 3. &E0&4Ewhat is prohibited is the mere issuance o! an un!unded check.0ther way o! putting it is evidence o! indebtedness, investment,

guarantee, accommodation party or security. )s this applicable i! check is drawn against a redundant account? )n the case o! 1E3)44A 3. 2A, "2 said E" i! it is drawn or issued in the&hilippines even i! the IIIis abroad. )n &E0&4E 3. N)%A/AN, thecourt elaborated on the memorandum check, '2 is not meant!or payment, it is only !or guarantee o! payment. )t is an evidenceo! debt, valid in the hands o! the holder, still covered by B& because a 29E2# )" A4WA" )N%EN8E8 /01 &A'EN%G05 2ANN0% 29AN>E )%" NA%51E. %he law does notdistinguish. %9E &1)3A%E A>1EE'EN% BE%WEEN %9E&A1%)E" 2ANN0% &1E3A)4 03E1 %9E 4AW. Why? Becausei! ganyan, you will have to look into the private agreement o! theparties, nawala na ang essence ng B& I ang issuance ng badcheck, that is why all these checks eh covered ng B& kahit

ano pa ang usapan niyo kahit pa it only serves as your securityblanket, gunitIgunitan lang nimo, pareho lang yan. Although inBA12A? v. 2A (;scra=H=, ito yung sinasabi nila na giIdecriminaliCe nila ang B& , %9A% )" N0% A2251A%Ebecause in this case the court only imposed a penalty o! !inekasi ang penalty under B& is imprisonment 01 a !ine. )n thiscase, "2 imposed !ine only kaya doon na nagstart ang tsismisna giIdecriminaliCe nila ang B& pero N0% A2251A%E kasinandon pa sa law yung imprisonment pero meron langinstruction ngayon or guide ang "2 na diri lang ka sa !inekumbaga may pre!erence sa imposition o! penalty. )mprisonmentnot less than $ days and not more than < year or a !ine or double the amount o! check but not more than V 01 kasi yan,the same philosophy underlying in )"4 gaya ng preventiveunnecessary deprivation o! liberty and economi use!ulness anddue reguard o! socil. "o pareho ang philosophy ng )"4 at B& ."o in this case, "2 deleted the imprisonment imposed by thelower court and instead imposed the !ine only. %hey consideredthe !act that the accused were !irst time o!!enders and they were/ilipinowho presumably contributes to the national economy.%hey made this statement that they brought this appeal believingin good !aith that they did not violate B& . )n a similar case,10"A 4)' 3. &E0&4E, same thing happened citing again yungpreventive unnecessary deprivation o! liberty, that this wouldbest serve the criminal *ustice. 4ike i said base ito don sa circular

kasi yun ang binigay nila sa mga *udges. B& A4"0 "%A%E"%9A% %9)" )" WL0 &1E58)2E %0 %9E 4)AB)4)% 5N8E1%9E 1&2. %hat is why i said earlier na &WE8E #A 'A/)4EIANN> "ABA 5N8E1 B& AN8 $<H. %here is N0 805B4EE0&A18 BE2A5"E %9E"E A1E %W0 0//EN"E" wLdi!!erent elements. N)E11A" 3. 8A2525, $<H and B& were distinguished. $<H deceit and damage, B& mereissuance and knowledge o! insu!!iciency is presumed. %hepenalty in $<H is contained in $;;<; you donKt !ollow that in $<H,the penalty is &' to 1% depending on the amount. %he violationo! $<H is mala in se, B& is mala prohibita.

"011 di ko talaga maintindihan Mbut this is under A1% $<=J0%9E1 /01'" 0/ "W)N84)N> mortagages...that is what ispunished here, the law does not prohibit to encumber properties

but i! you !alsely say that this property is not encumbered, that isdeceit and that is other !orm o! swindling. )n the case o! AN%AO03. &&, there was a mortgaged property and it was sold as cleankuno but the mortgage was registered in 108, that isconstructive notice diba, so dapat alam niya. )s this esta!a pa rinunder other !orms o! swindling? "2 "A)8, 20N"%152%)3EN0%)2E 80E" N0% A&&4, the essence o! this is the relianceon the sellerKs title, yesIIregistration is notice to the whole worldbut there is no law which re:uires that the buyer checks, thebuyer has the right to rely on the words o! the seller. Nangatikka, ingon nimo limpyo pero dili diay, naay deceit. %9A%1E>)"%1A%)0N )" N0%)2E %0 %9E W904E 80E" N0%

A&&4 BE2A5"E %9E1E )" "W)N84)N>.

• %he owner o! the property takes it !rom the law!ul

possessor, suppose you pledge your cel!on to

somebody unya imong gikawat.

• Any person who, to the pre*udice o! another, shall

execute any !ictitious contract. 5sually sa mga

creditors, you execute a !ictitious contract like sale and

you de!raud creditors. %hat is 0%9E1 /01'" 0/

"W)N84)N>. ung !raudulent insolvency, absconds

with his property !or the pre*udice o! his creditors, ano

ang di!!erence nito? )n $<- you really have de!rauded

your creditor, here atikIatik lang, really you still have

your properties. )n here you simulated contracts to

de!raud your creditors, may deceit. ung sa $<- you

abscond and yung property were really sold.• "windling o! minors is also punishable. Mstory about

sabatanapandesal vendor robbedJ

• 0%9E1 8E2E)%"

• Example o! this is yung bus conductor daw,

nangutanasiya as aka, gensantapostagaankaug ticket

buslutanperohanggangdigoslangpalaangnilagay so

iyanggiIpocket ang di!!erence, kung di

momabutangsaesta!a or swindling dirisa other deceits.

• 29A%%E4 '01%>A>EI 1E'03A4 01 "A4E 0/

&10&E1% '01%>A>E




• %his talks about personal property that you mortgage,

you are supposed to register it with the 108, usually

yungmgasakyanan, you execute chattel mortgage

kungdili cash. Among others, the usual conditions there

is you cannot remove that property !rom where you are,

kung ditto, dirilangka, di mopwedengdalhinsacebu o sa

manila. Bakitganon? #asikapagnatransport mon a yan,

the real owner will have di!!iculty o! getting it back, that

is the whole point o! chattel mortgage, so there is

prohibition to trans!er the chattel but you can still sellthat, pwede man yung property already mortgage as

long as you have the written consent o! the mortgagor.

%he counterpart o! Art. $<=MJ, this speaks o! real

property.

•

• &1E"EN%A%)0N 0/ &0WE1&0)N%F 1A +;++ AN%)I

"E5A4 9A1A""'EN% M#5NA1) NA>8)"25"" NA

8AW N> A2%" 0/ 4A"2)3)05"NE""J

• "eduction and acts o! lasciviousness, ganon din ang

element may lewd design. 8itosa"E5A4

9A1A""'EN%, kahityawyawlang you can be held

liable na !or harassing. %his is the meat o! "E5A4

9A1A""'EN%, %A#E N0%E 0/ %9E EN3)10N'EN%FW01#, E852A%)0N 01 %1A)N)N>05%")8E 0/

%9E"E EN3)10N'EN%", +;++ W)44 N0% A&&4.

9A1A""'EN% '5"% W)%9)N W01#)N>

EN3)10N'EN%, W)%9)N E852A%)0N

EN3)10N'EN%01 W)%9)N

%1A)N)N>EN3)10N'EN%. "peci!ied yan ng law,

outside o! these environment there can be N0

&10"E25%)0N 5N8E1 +;++ and it is committed by

E'&40E1, E'&40EE, "5&E13)"01, A>EN% 01

E%2. What does the o!!ender do? 8E'AN8" 01

1E@5E"%" 01 0%9E1W)"E 1E@5)1E" AN

"E5A4 /A301 /10' %9E &E1"0N, 1E>A14E""

0/ W9E%9E1 %9E 8E'AN8 01 1E@5E"% )" A22E&%E8 although i! accepted,

walanamansigurongkasokasinagkasinabotnamansila.

8i namansinabina sexual intercourse, basta sexual

!avor. Work related or employment where sexual !avor

is a condition in hiring or employment to be employed

or !or continued employment. 'aramingganitodiba,

even in government, angimongsweldokaltasan, gaya ng

mag >10 kamunabagokamaging teacher, that is a

condition !or hiring or continued in employment, gusto

modilinakitairenew, iIblow*ob momunaakokasi kung

hindi di kitairenew. Even in terms and conditions o!

promotions, privileges and usually travel abroad like

tatlolangtos contender kaangmanyaknaamohiritpudug

sexual !avor. 1e:uest lang man yan but that is

considered a sexual !avor. 0r the sexual !avor results in

limiting, segregating or classi!ying employee which

would discriminate, deprive or diminish or etc. what is

common is itong $ i! these acts will result into an

intimidating, hostile or o!!ensive environment

kasimaraming acts eh 8E'AN8)N> 01

1E@5E"%)N>. )/ AN 0/ %9E"E W)44 1E"54%

)N%0 an intimidating, hostile or o!!ensive environment

/01 %9E E'&40EE, &A"0# 8)%0. Any person

threats or induces another to commit any act o! sexual

harassment shall also be liable, similar to those

persons criminally liableI )nducement or indispensable

cooperation. But here, what we have is induces

another, so principal by inducement and principal by

indispensable cooperation.

• 85% 0/ %9E 9EA8 0/ %9E )N"%)%5%)0N should

prevent or deter the harassment. )t can issue,

promulgate..committee on decorum and investigation

which must be in placed in o!!ices. %he law mandates

the creation o! that committee.

• %he acts that will result into an intimidating, hostile or

o!!ensive environment !or an employee Mre!erring

sapptJ. Administrative sanctions shall not re:uire to

prosecution proper, it has something to do with admin

law. Example you are charged and !ound guilty !or

sexual harassment administratively, that will not bar

your prosecution under +;++. Ta5$ n"!$ "0 !+$

lia#ili!-F %9E E'&40E1 01 9EA8 0/ 0//)2E )"

"04)8A1)4 4)AB4E /01 8A'A>E" A1)")N> /10'

%9E A2%" 0/ "E5A4 9A1A""'EN% )/ 9E )")N/01'E8 0/ %9E A2% AN8 N0 )''E8)A%E

A2%)0N WA" %A#EN 5N AN> @5A4)/)E1 N)A.

• "ec = talks o! independent action. "o this is a penal

statute so may criminal at civil ka pa na independent

action !or damages and i! the o!!ender is a public o!!icer

yunyungsinasabikona %91EEI/048 154E 4)AB)4)%,

he will also be administratively liable.

• Any action arising !rom the violation o! this A2% "9A44

&1E"21)BE )N $ EA1". 05 "90548 B1)N> AN

A2%)0N WL)N $ EA1" /10' %9E %)'E 0/ %9E

20'')"")0N 0/ %9E A2% 20'&4A)NE8 0/.

• 8)"2)&4)NA1 154E" )" ")')4A1 %0 <H++? But this

is more detailed because it is not only sexual !avor, itcan be also verbal or physical behavior o! a sexual

nature. Work relatedterms and conditions o!

promotions, con!erences, symposiumsU M&4EA"E

1EA8 8)"2)&4)NA1 154E" 5N8E1 %9)"

A2%JbawalmagbutangugcalendaryonanaayhuboIhubo,

tanduay and the like kasi it is creating an o!!ensive,

hostile, intimidating environment and etc.

• 24A"")/)2A%)0NF may grave, less grave, unwanted

touching meaning walang consent, pinchingI that is less

grave o!!ense. %hen may light o!!ense yung

surreptitiously looking in personKs private parts or worn

undergarments aka upskirtingsigekagpanilip. Even

telling sexy *okes gaya ng ang cutex mo, *oke langman un hanggang maglala. 'araming grounds such us

unwanted phone calls and other analogous cases.

• urisprudence, the accused here was a high ranking

o!!icial, chairman o! the N412.gumaganda ka ata, sa ibang mga pagkakataon na

nahawan at sabay pisil habang ako ay nagtatype, sa

mga pagkakataong ito kinakabahan ako nab aka

mangyari sa akin ang napapabalitang insidente na

ngyari tungkol sa mga sekretarya niyang nagbitiw gawa

ng mga mapanghahalay na panghihipo6 so there is a

pattern already na ang chairman mahilig manghipo, the

other instances eh sige pangutana kung may boy!riend

ka nab a tapos binigyan pa siya ng pera pang enrol kasinag law skul daw, tinaggap niya kasi takot na sya pero

later sinoli din niya. may kaliveIin ka na ba? "ir,

'alabo. Bakit malaki ang balakang mo? "ir, kayo ha7

'asama sa amin ang may kaliveIin. Another instance,

during meeting ang kanyang mga titig ay umuusad

mula ulo hanggang dibdib. 'ay applicant, sabihin mo

magpapsmear muna siya. M%9)" )" BA"E8 "A

1E2018 N> 2A"EJ another instance, habang

naglalakad, nilagay ang kanang kamay sa aking balikat

at pinisilIpisil ito at pinagapang ito sa kanang bahagi ng

aking leeg, sa tenga at tsaka kiniliti. 9indi na

nakayanan ng employee, she !iled !or leave o! absence

and asked !or trans!er then !iled a complaint !or sexual

harassment. %A#E N0%EF this is admin, ang 8E/EN"EniyaF these acts alone wLo corresponding demand,

re:uest or re:Kt do not constitute sexual harassmentG

"ec -a o! +;++ did not delegate to the employer the

power to promulgate rules that would provide additional

!orms o! sexual harassment or to come up with its own

de!inition o! sexual harassment. "2 said, "ec $ o! +;++

de!ined the criminal aspect o! the unlaw!ul act, same

section authoriCes the institution o! independent civil

action !or damages, administrative sanction will not be

a bar. %he 2A correctly ruled that the liability is not to be

determined solely based on +;++ because admin ang



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 '>

charge not the criminal in!raction o! sexual harassment.

2A !ound su!!icient evidence on the admin charge but

even i! the acts are to be tested strictly by the standards

set in +;++, he will still be liable. )n other words, itKs true

that this provision calls !or a demand, re:uest or re:Kt

but it is not necessary that the demand, re:uest or re:Kt

be articulated in a categorical oral or written statement.

)t may be discerned with e:ual servitude o! the acts o!

the o!!ender, de!eaning clarity o! unspoken sexual...also

not re:uired that the demand, re:uest or re:Kt is made a

condition !or !uture employment, )% )" EN05>9 %9A%%9E A2% 0/ 1E&"0N8EN% 21EA%E" AN

)N%)')8A%)N>, 90"%)4E 01 0//EN")3E

EN3)10N'EN% /01 %9E E'&40EE. %9E

1E@5E"%, 8E'AN8 01 1E@K% NEE8 N0% BE

W1)%%EN 01 "&0#EN.

Criminal Law 2@ O!"#$r 2<% 2&1' C"m,l$!$ Tw" H"r4

C+a,!$r Ei6+!ARSON AND OTHER CRIMES INVOLVING DESTRCTIONS

Article $ 8estructive Arson. %he penalty o!

reclusion temporal in its maximum period to death

shall be imposed upon any person who shall burnF

<. 0ne M<J or more buildings or edi!ices,

conse:uent to one single act o! burning, or

as result o! simultaneous burnings, or

committed on several or di!!erent occasionsG

. Any building o! public or private

ownership, devoted to the use o! the public

in general, or where people usually gather or

congregated !or a de!inite purpose such as

but not limited to o!!icial governmental

!unction or business, private transaction,

commerce, trade, worship, meetings andcon!erences, or merely incidental to a

de!inite purpose such as but not limited to

hotels, motels, transient dwellings, public

conveyance or stops or terminals, regardless

o! whether the o!!ender had knowledge that

there are persons in said building or edi!ice

at the time it is set on !ire, and regardless

also o! whether the building is actually

inhabited or not.

$. Any train or locomotive, ship or vessel,

airship or airplane, devoted to transportation

or convenience, or public use, entertainmentor leisure.

-. Any building, !actory, warehouse

installation and any appurtenances thereto,

which are devoted to the service o! public

utilities.

H. Any building, the burning o! which is !or

the purpose o! concealing or destroying

evidence o! another violation o! law, or !or

the purpose o! concealing bankruptcy or

de!rauding creditors or to collect !rom

insurance.

)rrespective o! the application o! the above

enumerated :uali!ying circumstances, the penalty o!

death shall likewise be imposed when the arson is

perpetrated or committed by two MJ or more persons

or by a group o! persons, regardless o! whether their

purpose is merely to burn or destroy the building or

the edi!ice, or the burning merely constitutes an overt

act in the commission or another violation o! law.

%he penalty o! reclusion temporal in its maximum

period to death shall also be imposed upon any

person who shall burnF

MaJ Any arsenal, shipyard, storehouse or

military powder or !ireworks !actory,

ordinance storehouse, archives or general

museum o! the government.

MbJ )n an inhabited place, any storehouse or !actory o! in!lammable or explosive

materials.

)! as a conse:uence o! the commission o! any o! the

acts penaliCed under this Article, death or in*ury

results, or any valuable documents, e:uipment,

machineries, apparatus, or other valuable properties

were burned or destroyed, the mandatory penalty o!

death shall be imposed.D

%his is destruction o! property o! another by means o! !ire. %hereare two articles on Arson in the 1evised &enal 2ode which,however, have been repealed or amended by the Arson 4aw.&.8. <=<$ is now the main law on Arson. Actually, now, we havetwo laws on Arson. We have Article $ and yun nga, &.8. <=<$.

)n the case o! &eople v. 'urcia, M<J yan ang sinabi ng "2.%here are actually two categories o! ArsonI 8estructive Arsonunder Article $ o! the 1&2 and "imple Arson under &.8. <=<$.

%he said classi!ication is based on the kind, character andlocation o! the property burned, regardless o! the value o! thedamage caused. Article $ contemplates the malicious burning

o! structures, both public and private, hotels, buildings, edi!ices,trains, vessels, aircra!t, !actories, and other military, governmentor commercial establishments by any person or group o! persons. 0n the other hand, &residential 8ecree No. <$<=covers houses, dwellings, government buildings, !arms, mills,plantations, railways, bus stations, airports, wharves and other industrial establishments.

)n any case, the same pa rin siya. )t is still malicious destructiono! property o! another by means o! !ire.

>iven that de!inition, can we say that it is still Arson i! theproperty burned is your own property? )! you look at the law,under &.8. <=<$, it says there, any person who burns or sets !ireto the property o! another...the same penalty shall be imposedwhen a person sets !ire to his own property under circumstanceswhich expose danger to the li!e or property o! another.6 "o, itappears that the burning o! your property under certaincircumstances will !all under the crime o! Arson. #? "o, pleasetake note o! that. "o, when the de!inition says, the maliciousdestruction o! property o! another by means o! !ire6, it can alsobe Arson i! you set !ire to your own property and endangers theli!e or property o! others.

Now, we know that, by means o! !ire6 is an aggravating or a:uali!ying circumstance, so that i! by means o! !ire6 is includedin the de!inition or is an element o! the crime, then you no longer consider that, !or purposes o! increasing or :uali!ying a crime./or example, by means o! !ire6 is a :uali!ying circumstance in

killing o! a person, :uali!ying the killing to murder. "o wala naang aggravating circumstance doon. ou do not consider thatanymore because it is already included in the de!inition or already an element o! the crime.

S!a6$4

Also, they say that it is di!!icult to identi!y the stages o! Arson. /or example, i! you burn the 8 building kay lagot na kaayo ka salawschool unya ang nasunog kay ground !loor lang or ang librarylang sa !i!th !loor. Ang nasunog one !loor lang. )s that !rustratedkay naI!rustrate ka? 0r <L$ lang nasunog Mparang rape lang noh,yung matter o! inches langJ. Anyway, in the crime o! Arson, it



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 (&

does not matter how many percent was burned. urisprudencetells us that as long any part o! the building is burned, the crimeis already consummated. Even i! the whole building is notburned, that is already consummated Arson.

What then is !rustrated? "ome authors are saying na walang!rustrated. ) think Boado is saying that. And ) think 1eyes issaying na meron. Ang kanyang example is, someone set !irealready on rags but no part o! the building got burned. Ang iniisipko naman, ano yang rag, naga !loat yan siya diyan? /or me, i! itis there on the ground, it is part o! the building being burned.'ay apoy, andiyan sa !loor, that is part o! the building beingburned. Although yun ang sabi ni 1eyes.

Ang attempted level is clearer, diba? Nothing is burning yet andyou are still per!orming overt acts o! setting !ire. "o wala pa. "oyan ang stages.

D$a!+ a4 a "n4$;$n$ "0 Ar4"n

Also, take note that both &.8. <=<$ and Article $ mentiondeath, death results as a conse:uence. 5nder Article $, it ismandatory death MpenaltyJ i! as a conse:uence o! Arson, deathresults. Also in &8 <=<$, i! by reason o! or on occasion o! Arsondeath results, the penalty o! 1ecusion &erpetua to death shall be

imposed. "o, i! you set !ire to a building and death results, it isstill Arson. ou do not complex that. )t is simply Arson i! somebody dies as a result o! the commission o! Arson.

But, i! you kill somebody and you burn the house or building,then you are now killing somebody by means o! !ire and themeans o! !ire6 can now be used to :uali!y the killing to murder.

Another result with respect to killing would be, when you killsomebody and then you use !ire to burn the property, building or whatever, in order to conceal the !act o! the crime. #ungmasunog ang tanan, pati ang evidence mawala. &ati yungpinatay mo, sunog din yan. Now what is the crime?

Well actually, itKs not what is the crime6 but what the crimes are6

because the act o! killing is di!!erent with the Arson. ouremember our lesson in 2omplex 2rimes, diba? When an act iscommitted to conceal the commission o! another crime, thenthey are separate crimes. %ake note, ha? %here is no such thingas a complex crime o! Arson with 9omicide. "o it really dependson the circumstances.

Also, take note o!, meron nakalagay *an na, you burn theproperty in order !or you to collect the insurance. %hat is:uali!ied M???J...any building, the burning o! which is !or thepurpose o! concealing or destroying evidence o! another violation o! law, or !or the purpose o! concealing bankruptcy or de!rauding creditors or to collect !rom insurance V that has beenestablished !rom the past that people insure their property andthen arrange !or it to be burned on the ground, then a!terwards,

they collect the insurance proceeds. %hat is still Arson.

Pima 0ai$ $.i/$n$ "0 Ar4"n

And then this one, "ection =. %his constitutes prima !acieevidence o! Arson. )! the law gives the prosecutors presumptionsin their !avour, kasi nga, mahirap maIprove ang Arson. "o thesecircumstances constitute prima !acie evidence o! ArsonF" .f the fire started simultaneously in more than one part of the

building or establishment"

?" .f substantial amount of flammable substances or materials

are stored within the building note necessary in the business of

the offender nor for household us"

&" .f gasoline, kerosene, petroleum or other flammable or

combustible substances or materials soaked therewith or

containers thereof, or any mechanical, electrical, chemical, or

electronic contrivance designed to start a fire, or ashes or traces

of any of the foregoing are found in the ruins or premises of the

burned building or property"

H" .f the building or property is insured for substantially more

than its actual value at the time of the issuance of the policy"

H" .f during the lifetime of the corresponding fire insurance policy

more than two fires have occurred in the same or other premises

owned or under the control of the offender andor insured"

'" .f shortly before the fire, a substantial portion of the effects

insured and stored in a building or property had been withdrawn

from the premises except in the ordinary course of business"

I" .f a demand for money or other valuable consideration was

made before the fire in exchange for the desistance of theoffender or for the safety of the person or property of the victim"

Anyway, i! you read these, you can deduce that something is!ishy here. %his section gives us a disputable presumption. )! youhave these, you can now !ile !or Arson. Bago nasunog,gipangkuha lahat ng mga improtantent bagay doon. Ang natiranalang na nasunog ay yung building, which is insured. 0! course, as ) said, this is *ust a presumption. Anyway, *ust takenote o! these.

Another thing to remember here is that, this is an exemption tothe general rule on conspiracy being not punishable because in

Arson, conspiracy to commit Arson is punished by prision mayor .

C+a,!$r Nin$MALICIOS MISCHIEF

Ar!il$ :2<) ho are liable for malicious mischief" I

Any person who shall deliberately cause the property

o! another any damage not !alling within the terms o!

the next preceding chapter shall be guilty o! malicious

mischie!.

What is malicious mischie! under Article $+? 'alicious mischie!,

again, re!ers to destruction o! property but minus by means o! !ire6. )! the destruction is by means o! !ire, then go to Arson. )! thedestruction is by way o! other means, you go to 'alicious'ischie!.

Now, the concept o! malicious mischie! is destruction !or thesake o! destruction. ou must have the intent to cause damageto property o! another by means other than !ire. 0! course, i! youcause damage to anotherKs property, that would be in con!lictwith the concept o! malice in malicious6 mischie!. Ang recklessimprudence, lahi man na diba? 2ulpa. "o i! there is neglect andthere is damage to another, do not go to malicious mischie!.'alicious mischie! should be deliberate. )! the act is neglect!ulbut still voluntary, then, you go to :uasiIo!!enses, right? %hecrime is the imprudent act. %he damage to property, death or

in*ury are results and not the crime.

>oing back to malicious mischie!, ) also gave you an example o! killing a goat. #anang goat sigeKg kaon ug sagbot, mga kamatisand laing gulay, naglagot ka, eh di imong gipatay. %hat is what?%hat is malicious mischie!. Now as ) told you, yung lumabas sabar exam, a!ter killing the whatever animal, kinain nila ngayon.%hat is no longer mischie!7 %hat would be the!t. Actually, thephrase there is make use6.

Ar!il$ :23) -pecial cases of malicious mischief" I

Any person who shall cause damage to obstruct the

per!ormance o! public !unctions, or using any

poisonous or corrosive substanceG or spreading any

in!ection or contagion among cattleG or who causedamage to the property o! the National 'useum or

National 4ibrary, or to any archive or registry,

waterworks, road, promenade, or any other thing

used in common by the public, shall be punishedF

<. By prision correccional in its minimum and

medium periods, i! the value o! the damage

caused exceeds <, pesosG

. By arresto mayor , i! such value does not



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 (1

exceed the abovementioned amount but it is

over pesosG and

$. By arresto menor , in such value does not

exceed pesos.

Now, special cases o! malicious mischie!, you *ust read that. %hisis also one o! the articles that must be amended kay masyadong

mababa ang penalties.

Ar!il$ :2>) 3ther mischiefs" I %he mischie!s not

included in the next preceding article shall be

punishedF

<. By arresto mayor in its medium and

maximum periods, i! the value o! the damage

caused exceeds <, pesosG

. By arresto mayor in its minimum and

medium periods, i! such value is over

pesos but does not exceed <, pesosG and

$. By arresto menor or !ine o! not less than

the value o! the damage caused and not

more than pesos, i! the amount involved

does not exceed pesos or cannot be

estimated.

%hen we have other !orms o! mischie!. %he penalty woulddepend on the value o! the damage, and again, mababa nanaman masyado. %his should be amended na. And i! the value o! the damage cannot be estimated, one o! the more un!orgettablecases in criminal law is the case o! &eople v. 8umlao. Ano yun?

#umuha siya ng buokIbuok Msorry not clearJ, giIscatter niya doonsa bahay, sa doorknob, sa railing sa stairs, ganyan. >ikalat niyadoon. "o, unsa maKy value sa damage ana? "o this is anexample where the value o! the damage cannot be estimated.

Ar!il$ ::&) 0amage and obstruction to means of

communication" I %he penalty o! prision correccional

in its medium and maximum periods shall be imposed

upon any person who shall damage any railway,

telegraph or telephone lines.

)! the damage shall result in any derailment o! cars,

collision or other accident, the penalty o! prision

mayor shall be imposed, without pre*udice to the

criminal liability o! the o!!ender !or the other

conse:uences o! his criminal act.

/or the purpose o! the provisions o! the article, the

electric wires, traction cables, signal system and other

things pertaining to railways, shall be deemed to

constitute an integral part o! a railway system.

"o with respect to railroad, kung naay mga nangamatay dira,

walay labot ang nagIdrive. "o, without pre*udice to the the

criminal liability o! the o!!ender !or the other conse:uences o! his

criminal act because here, the criminal act is damaging another,speci!ic, by damaging railway, telegraph or telephone lines. "o

kung imong giIhiwi ang tracks didto, that is Article $$.

Now chapter < is the more important provision here.

C+a,!$r T$n

EEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL LIABILIT IN CRIMES

AGAINST PROPERT

Ar!il$ ::2) )ersons exempt from criminal liability" I

No criminal, but only civil liability, shall result !rom the

commission o! the crime o! the!t, swindling or

malicious mischie! committed or caused mutually by

the !ollowing personsF

<. "pouses, ascendants and descendants,

or relatives by a!!inity in the same line.

. %he widowed spouse with respect to the

property which belonged to the deceasedspouse be!ore the same shall have passed

into the possession o! anotherG and

$. Brothers and sisters and brothersIinIlaw

and sistersIinIlaw, i! living together.

%he exemption established by this article shall not be

applicable to strangers participating in the

commission o! the crime.

Now, we know that relationship can a!!ect the criminal liability o!

a person. 5sually, in crimes against property, relationship is amitigating circumstance. 9ere in Article $$, it is telling us that

relationship can be an exempting circumstance as !ar as

speci!ied crimes are concerned. What are these crimes? %hese

are the crimes o!F

<. "windling Mesta!aJ

. %he!t

$. 'alicious 'ischie!

"o, that is as long as they are committed by the personsindicated. "o, spouses cannot commit the!t against each other or

they cannot commit swindling against each other. 0r they

cannot, what, commit malicious mischie! against each other.

%hat is as !ar as criminal liability goes. %here is no criminal

liability but there is civil liability. %hat is the !irst phrase o! Article

$$, No criminal, but only civil liability, shall result !rom the

commission o! the crime o! the!t, swindling or malicious

mischie!...6 "o, as !ar as these persons are concerned, walang

criminal liability ito sila. "o, ang mga magtiayon, sigeg pangawat

ang asawa sa pitaka sa bana or vice versa, dili na pwede ma

!ileIan ug the!t. &ero, i! you rob your wi!e or your husband, or

your !ather or your lolo, there is criminal liability simply because

hindi yan siya kasama sa speci!ied crimes under Article $$. Also included are ascendants, descendants, mutually committed

by them. Now, take note that descendants6 here includes those

step relationships Mstep mother, step !ather, step sister, step

brotherJ. an. 0r, yung mga adopted. ung mga adopted child,

kasama yan diyan. Even commonIlaw spouses. 9ere, spouses

relate to commonIlaw. Why is that? Are we not sanctioning

common law relationships, because here, you are saying that

there is no criminal liability between them? Well, the reason !or

this is that under the 2ivil 2ode, what governs their property

relationship? What governs them is what, coIownership. %he

premise here is that there is coIownership between these

people. %hat is why, even i! you steal, you swindle, pareho lang

kayo eh, you are both coIowners. Walang criminal liabilityalthough there is civil liability. %ake note, iba yung rule natin sa

accessories.

Anyway, the last paragraph there says, %he exemption

established by this article shall not be applicable to strangers

participating in the commission o! the crime6 because the

strangers do not have relationship with these people, pretty

much the same as the rule in parricide. "o i! the killing is done

against the wi!e, eh di parricide yan. But i! the husband induces

another to kill his wi!e, then the is not guilty o! parricide kasi




walang relationship yan. "ame thing here. )! somebody is asked

to steal !rom the husband, meron silang conspiracy, they are

liable, yes, but the crime o! one is not the crime o! all. )n !act, the

other does not commit a crime. But, the person not included

because there is no relationship is liable !or the!t, swindling or

malicious mischie!. 0kay? an.

4etKs go to title eleven.

Ti!l$ El$.$n

CRIMES AGAINST CHASTIT

Adultery and 2oncubinage is 2hapter 0ne. %his is one aspect o!

the law that >abriela is up in arms. 4ugi daw. 5nsang klase na7

Ang Adultery, ani unya ang 2oncubinage lahi7 Nganong dili man

na mapareho? Bakit, ano pala ang Adultery?

Ar!il$ :::) ho are guilty of adultery" I Adultery is

committed by any married woman who shall have

sexual intercourse with a man not her husband and

by the man who has carnal knowledge o! her knowingher to be married, even i! the marriage be

subse:uently declared void.

Adultery shall be punished by prision correccional in

its medium and maximum periods.

)! the person guilty o! adultery committed this o!!ense

while being abandoned without *usti!ication by the

o!!ended spouse, the penalty next lower in degree

than that provided in the next preceding paragraph

shall be imposed.

Adultery is committed by any married woman who shall have

sexual intercourse with a man not her husband. "o that is

Adultery. "o when you are married woman, you are supposed to

have sex or make love only with one person that is your

husband. 0ther than that, de!initely, that is adultery.

"o i! you do not have a relationship, anong tawag diyan !uck

buddies6, no strings attached, magkita mo, magIana mo, kung

dili eh di wala, ana lang. 5nya, minyo na babae. 'uana siya na,

wala man miKy relationship7 )s that a crime? es, that is a crime

because kasi nga, you are supposed to have sexual relationship

only with your husband. 0ther than that, Adultery yan.

Ngayon, how many counts? #asi in a monthKs time, mga $ days

so $ din. Everyday kayo kasi bago pa kayo. "o, how many

counts o! Adultery do you have? ou will have $ counts,

because the crime here is the sexual act7 /or every sexual

intercourse, there is a crime o! Adultery because relationship is

not the crime. %he crime is the act o! sexual intercourse. Zan

ang matindi sa Adultery.

Now, one misconception o! laymen is that Adultery can only be

committed by a woman and that 2oncubinage can only be

committed by a man. %hat is not so because read read read, ano

man ang nakalagay diyan? and by the man who has carnal

knowledge o! her knowing her to be married, even i! the

marriage be subse:uently declared void.6 "o you see? Adultery

can also be committed by a man. %here!ore, in Adultery, you

should !ile against both. ou cannot !ile against one party only.

%here!ore, both parties can be held liable !or Adultery. "o, it is

wrong to say na babae lang ang may kasalanan niyan, sa2oncubinage lalaki lang. 8ili na mao. Although ang de!ense ng

lalaki diyan, ) do not know sheKs married76 "o that is his de!ense

to be exculpated !rom criminal liability. But *ust the same, both o!

them are supposed to be charged7 )t is now !or the court to

ac:uit the guy i! he does not know o! the marriage, ganoon yon.

As !ar as !iling is concerned, dalawa yan.

Also, the !act thatthe marriage be subse:uently declared void is

not a de!ense at all. )n annulment diba, we are saying that there

is no marriage at all that took place. Now, that cannot be a

de!ense in Adultery. ou should wait muna !or the marriage to be

annulled be!ore you engage in sexual intercourse. #ung walang

declaration, you will be criminally liable, even i! later on, your marriage will be subse:uently declared void or annulled.

Ang last paragraph diyan is sort o! a privileged mitigating

circumstance kasi the penalty is lower in degree. "o sa ato pa,

gimingaw siya. Wala siyang kasama. %hat is the reason why the

penalty is one degree lower.

Also, in Adultery, there are no accomplices kasi the law seems to

punish only the guilty parties. "o the accomplices, the B//s,

didto ka naga vent, sige kaKg yawyaw, unsa man ning akong

bana unya naa siyaKy gipaIilaIila sa imo, pogi kaayo, buotan pa

*ud. 5nya didto mo sa ilahang balay, didto mo. "o apparently, heis an accomplice because he concurred with the criminal o!!ense

by a previous or simultaneous act. But here, in Adultery, wala

yan. 9e will not be an accomplice.

Now, 2oncubinage. "ino ang may codal? >aling pa akong

airport.

Ar!il$ ::') *oncubinage" I Any husband who shall

keep a mistress in the con*ugal dwelling, or shall have

sexual intercourse, under scandalous circumstances,

with a woman who is not his wi!e, or shall cohabit with

her in any other place, shall be punished by prision

correccional in its minimum and medium periods.

%he concubine shall su!!er the penalty o! destierro.

%atlo kasi dito sa 2oncubinage. "o tanong ka, bakit nagaI

yawyaw ang >abriela dito na tatlo man pala ang ways na maI

commit and 2oncubinage tapos sa Adultery isa lang? &ero kung

imong basahon ang Article $$-, muragmagIyawyaw *ud ka kay

lisod kaayo iIprove nimo ni.

<. By keeping a mistress in the con*ugal dwelling

. By having sexual intercourse, under scandalouscircumstances, with a woman who is not his wi!e

$. By cohabiting with her in any other place

"ige daw be, hunaIhunaa daw na. #insa man ang tigas na tao

nga grabe ug talent na iyahang mistress, didto *ud puyo sa

ilahang balay? ) believe na talaga ako diyan, ) believe7 Anong

meron ka na nasugot silang tanan? 9appily ever a!ter tanan.

'eron ba kayong kilala? &inoy? 8ili sila 8olphy? #asi sila

daghan ug anak diba? &ero kani, lahi man ni. Ang imong other



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 (:

woman lives in your con*ugal dwelling. &resumably, andiyan ang

anak mo, andiyan ang asawa mo, maglipatIlipat ka nalang ng

kwarto niyan. Ang saya mo naman. Anyaway, meron ka bang ma

!ileIan na kaso na ganyan? &arang wala. 0r, the probability is

nil. Anyway,that is one mode o! committing Adultery. ou keep

you mistress in your con*ugal dwelling. "o na yan siya. 8i man

*ud na mahitabo, or very rare.

"o the second mode, is having sexual intercourse under

scandalous circumstances. 5nsa man pud ni nga. Bakit kanaman din na magIsexual intercourse under scandalous

circumstances? #ahit nga kayo na magIasawa kayo, iItago niyo

nga eh under normal circumstances. 8apat discrete. 5nya

karon, !or it to be 2oncubinage, dapat under scandalous

circumstances. "candalous nga. 8iba, ibig sabihin niyan, may

publicity, alam ng mga tao yan, #ahit hindi siguro public pero

abre ang bintana. 9ala sige. Again, the probability lagi o!

conviction or a charge under the second mode is close to nil.

&arang 'alabo yan.

Now, ano yung third? By cohabiting with her in any other place.

"o, parang swak na diba? 2ohabitation with her in any other

place. %his is popular among government o!!icials, their number

in another house, number $,-, H in a condo, etc. )s that

2oncubinage? 5nder the law and under our *urisprudence, that

is not 2oncubinage7 #asi when you say cohabit, you must live

together as husband and wi!e. ou must live in a character o! a

husband and wi!e 8idto ka nagaIuli. 0therwise, that will not !all

under 2oncubinage. 8apat magIliveIin kayo. 8iba?

Anyway, that is the ob*ect o! the protest o! >abriela. >ipasundan

mo ang husband mo, tapos giIpicturan na naga acrobatic sila.

NagIbaliIbali na sila ug tiil. 5nya, kinsa man ang na skandalo

ana? )kaw7 #ay ikaw man nagsugo na mag picturex. %hat is not

under scandalous circumstances. )kaw lang nahago ug sunodx.%hat is not 2oncubinage pa rin.

%hen, the concubine shall su!!er the penalty o! destierro.

2hapter two. Wala ng rape diyan kasi rape has been classi!ied

as a crime against persons. We go to acts o! lasciviousness.

Ar!il$ ::) Acts of lasciviousness" I Any person who

shall commit any act o! lasciviousness upon other

persons o! either sex, under any o! the circumstances

mentioned in the preceding article, shall be punished

by prision correccional.

)t is simply rape minus the sexual intercourse. 1ape less sexual

intercourse. an. All the other elements are the same except that

there is no sexual intercourse.

O!"#$r 2<% 2&1'nd hal!

Ar!il$ ::) Acts of lasciviousness" I Any person who shall commit any act o! lasciviousness upon other persons o! either sex, under any o! the circumstances mentioned in the preceding article, shall be punished by prisioncorreccional.

Well actually acts o! lasciviousness MA04J it is simply rape minusthe sexual intercourse or rape less sexual intercourse. All other elements are the same, parehas talaga sila ng rape minus thesexual intercourse lang, that is all that you have to remember.

0ne di!!iculty here is that when do you determine i! it isattempted rape or A04 because you see where you attempt torape somebody you are committing A04, like you will hold or grab the private parts, etc, what is that? %hat is also A04. Whatmakes it di!!erent !rom attempted rape? %he same act. %hedi!!erence here would be on the intent. )! there is intent to havesexual intercourse that would be attempted rape. )! you do not

have an intent to have sexual intercourse you cannot have anattempted rape, although what we are talking about is the sameact. #issing !or example or grabbing the the private parts, thesame, i! there is an intention to have sexual intercourseattempted rape yan, no intention A04. A04 is rape without thesexual intercourse.

0ne other thing, same also with rape, itong A04 i! you look at Art$$= “

any person who shall commit any act of lasciviousnessupon other persons of either sex” so ang A04 pwede lalaki ango!!ended party or babae.

Ano ang 4ascivious conducts? Ano yan yung bastos ba, kasi youhave to get the nature o! the crime, ito lewd intent but no intentto have sexual intercourse. Because i! you do not have lewdintent, the same act can !all in another crime, pwede yan un*ustvexation, i! the intent is *ust really to annoy you. 4ike naglagotsya sa imuha you hold her breast pero wla sya intent kay diliman sya ganahan nimo nglagot lang *ud sya nimo. %hat cannotbe considered as A04 kasi wala man syang lewd intent. Angiyahang purpose is really to embarrass or annoy you or vex soun*ust vexation only. "o you really have to look at the intentbecause it can !all under di!!erent crimes depending on theintent.

)n one case, naa sa church, so paano maging lewd conduct yan

na daghan tao, although o!course kung grabe *ud kamanyakis nina dli *ud makapugong sa iyang kaugalingon, well that is thematter o! intent. %he point is kung ang intent lascivious dito ka sa

A04, i! the intent is another pwede ka sa un*ust vexation.

Also relate this to 1A +=< child abuse.

C+a,!$r T+r$$SEDCTION% CORRPTION OF MINORS AND WHITE SLAVETRADE

Ar!il$ ::<) 1ualified seduction" I %he seduction o! a virginover twelve years and under eighteen years o! age,committed by any person in public authority, priest, homeI

servant, domestic, guardian, teacher, or any person who, inany capacity, shall be entrusted with the education or custody o! the woman seduced, shall be punished by prisioncorreccional in its minimum and medium periods.

%he penalty next higher in degree shall be imposed uponany person who shall seduce his sister or descendant,whether or not she be a virgin or over eighteen years o! age.

5nder the provisions o! this 2hapter, seduction is committedwhen the o!!ender has carnal knowledge o! any o! thepersons and under the circumstances described herein.

Ar!il$ ::3) -imple seduction" I %he seduction o! a womanwho is single or a widow o! good reputation, over twelve butunder eighteen years o! age, committed by means o! deceit,shall be punished by arresto mayor .

"eduction is sexual intercourse with consent. Why is it a crimena nisugot man? 2rime kay tanawa ang edad sa imu gisexualintercourse, ang edad is over < but under <;, sa ato pa minor.ung rape sexual intercourse without consent, yung rape sexualintercourse with consent.

)t is a crime because o! !our thingsF<. Abuse o! authority

. Abuse o! relationship$. Abuse o! con!idence-. 8eceit

'ao ni sila ang ngtake sa place ng without consent6. 'ayconsent nga eh but there is abuse o! authority, relationship,con!idence, that is seduction, :uali!ied actually.

What about the deceit? )t will !all under simple seduction.

)n :uali!ied seduction tatlo yan, abuse o! authority,relationship or con!idence, so :uali!ied yan. %he other isdeceit, sa simple seduction yan.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 ('

"o here sexual intercourse with consent, provided under Art $$+ang nkalagay is virgin, “the seduction of a virgin over twelveyears and under eighteen years of age” "o unsa man mgpacheck up pa ta ni sa doctor? JJ

When you say virgin, that is not in the physical sense. 3irgin issimply means a woman o! good reputation. And i! there us abuseo! authority like the mayor will commit it, kasi yung abuse o! authority ang mgItake ng place ng without consent. 9ere the

victim is a minor and incapable o! giving a per!ect consent, thelaw presumes that.

#umbaga this guy with abuse o! authority had sexual intercoursewith the victim, there is a presumption that there is abuse o! authority even i! there is consent, kaya nga crime sya becausethat abuse o! authority. &riest, house servant like having sexualintercourse with the anak sa amo that is abuse o! con!idence.

What is the di!!erence between a house servant and a domestic?#asi diba pareIpareho lang, ang alam natin domestic helper or house servant, dba pareho? Actually dito hindi yan pareho,domestic ang sinabi diyan. 8omestic is somebody who lives withyou in the house, it could be a border yung ganun. Well that guyhas sexual intercourse with the daughter then that is :uali!ied

seduction.

0!course, ang didto ha should always over < under <;, yanyung basic kasi. %he only time where age is not a re:uirementwhen the seduction is by means o! abuse o! relationship. &agmay abuse o! relationship “%he penalty next higher in degreeshall be imposed upon any person who shall seduce his sister or descendant, whether or not she be a virgin or over eighteenyears of age"”

"o in cases o! incest it does not matter, i! the sister or descendant is over <; years o! age, pwede na tigulang na bastakay sister or descendant it does not matter. 3irginity also doesnot matter. Because ayaw ng law ng incest kaya the penalty isone degree higher.

ung ibang o!!ender “guardian, teacher, or any person who, inany capacity, shall be entrusted with the education or custody of the woman seduced” you suppose to educate pero lahing klasena education imuha gibuhat, sexual education.

"o again, pagIabuse o! authority, relationship and con!idence,tatlo yan :uali!ied seduction. %he other means is deceit thatwould be simple seduction.

%he deceit usually is the breach o! a promise to marry. #asiusual ito nuon, that in order to have sexual intercourse with thegirl you make a promise na minyoan nimo in all the churches in'indanao or &hilippines, unya dili nimo tumanon deceit na.#umbaga pumayag ng sexual intercourse, there is consent,because you deceive the girl. Again over < under <; yan who issingle or a widow o! good reputation, widow o! good reputationscratch that because you cannot be a widow o! good reputationnow because kay kung magminyo ka karn <; man ka so wla naywidow na below <;.

"uppose that, the man promise to give ipad or cell phone inorder to have sexual intercourse with the woman, but a!ter thesexual intercourse, he will *ust say na *oke lang to uie, is thatseduction by means o! deceit? 0ur authors said that is not thedeceit that we are talking about, kasi pagIganyan prostitute anglabas nimo ana, ngpabayad ka unya wla ka gibayri reklamo.

Ar!il$ ::>) Acts of lasciviousness with the consent of theoffended party" I %he penalty o! arresto mayor shall beimposed to punish any other acts o! lasciviousnesscommitted by the same persons and the same circumstancesas those provided in Articles $$+ and $$;.

Now Art $$(, acts o! lasciviousness with the consent. ungkanina acts o! lasciviousness is the same as rape without thesexual intercourse, into namang acts o! lasciviousness with theconsent, ibig sabihin nito is acts lang sya kutob pero mayconsent. &arang seduction lang sya, ang seduction may consentbut with sexual intercourse, here walang sexual intercourse yan

pero with consent kutob lang sya sa acts. "o parang seductionpero walang sexual intercourse, kasi ang seduction may sexualintercourse with consent.

Ar!il$ :'&) *orruption of minors" I Any person who shallpromote or !acilitate the prostitution or corruption o! personsunderage to satis!y the lust o! another, shall be punished byprision mayor, and i! the culprit is a pubic o!!icer or employee,including those in governmentIowned or controlled

corporations, he shall also su!!er the penalty o! temporaryabsolute dis:uali!ication. MAs amended by Batas &ambansaBlg. (J.

Ar!il$ :'1) hite slave trade" I %he penalty o! prision mayor in its medium and maximum period shall be imposed uponany person who, in any manner, or under any pretext, shallengage in the business or shall pro!it by prostitution or shallenlist the services o! any other !or the purpose o! prostitutionMAs amended by Batas &ambansa Blg. <;=.J

Will skip that pag usapan natin sa tra!!icking, kung ang purposemo is exploitative didto ka sa tra!!icking o! persons, includig $-<,

white slave trades, although o! course pwede ka din dito peromas mataas ang penalty under the tra!!icking o! persons. )! thetra!!icking is !or the purpose white slaves trade doon ka.

C+a,!$r F"r ABDCTION

Ar!il$ :'2) orcible abduction" I %he abduction o! anywoman against her will and with lewd designs shall bepunished by reclusion temporal.

%he same penalty shall be imposed in every case, i! the!emale abducted be under twelve years o! age.

Ar!il$ :':) *onsented abduction" I %he abduction o! a virginover twelve years and under eighteen years o! age, carriedout with her consent and with lewd designs, shall be punishedby the penalty o! prision correccional in its minimum andmedium periods.

Abduction is *ust kidnapping, serious illegal detention. /orcibleabduction ang serious illegal detention are the same basicallyexcept that in !orcible abduction there is an additional elementand that is the element o! lewd intent. #umbaga you detainsomebody, you restrict her !reedom, the same but i! the intent islewd that will !all under !orcible abduction. an lang basic

di!!erence !rom serious illegal detention.

Now there are two kinds o! abductionF<. /orcible, and. 2onsented

What is lewd? 0bscene, lust!ul, indecent, lascivious. )t signi!iesthat kind or !orm o! immorality which has relation to moralimpurity, or that which is carried on in a wanton manner.

Now, usually kasi nga may lewd intent so there is other purpose,this crime can be complex with rape. )! you have abducted andbrought somewhere then rape her, that is a complex crime o! !orcible abduction with rape.

)n the case o! &eople vs. Angeles, here there is robbery, ngayonyung isang accused dinala ang isang babae sa hotel, so therewas separate crime o! !orcible abduction with rape complex yan,separate then yung robbery, with respect to that particular accused.

Now suppose that, giabduct na tapos giIrape, then the next daygiIrape na pud, kumbaga ginawang sex slave, pagka ugma rapenapud, is that maraming counts ng !orcible abduction with rape?%he ruling here isa lang yung !orcible abduction with rape, theother rapes are considered independent crimes yan, separatecrimes. %here is only one complex crime o! !orcible abduction



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 ((

with rape, yun lang pagkuha tapos giIrape, yung succeedingrapes independent crimes na yan.

What is consented? %ake note ha abduction may lewd intent,unya karn naay consent, kumbaga the one who is abductedkabalo sya na naay lewd intent unya nisugot sya. 5nsa man na?Well, in tha past maraming cases na ganito, the best example !or this is yung ng elope or ngItaban or ngItanan, nihawa sa balayniIuban sa uyab. Alam nya na mgkaroon sila ng sexualintercourse, nisugot sya , that is consented abduction.

2onsent Abduction I %he abduction of a virgin over twelve yearsand under eighteen years of age, carried out with her consent and with lewd designs

When you say abduction lewd design *ud yan, ngayon kungwithout the consent, dito ka sa !orcible, kya nga !orcible kasigipugos, pero naa sab abduction na gipugos, that is consentedabduction.

4ets go back to !orcible abduction the nd paragraph say,“thesame penalty shall be imposed in every case, if the femaleabducted be under twelve years of age” . Now take note o! thatkasi kung under < it does not matter kung may consent or wala,

parang rape lang yan, ang rape pag under < rape statutory yan.

"o parang abduction with lewd intent, kasi may consent perounder < ang dinala mo that cannot be a de!ense because!orcible abduction pa rin yan. "abihin mo na pumayag man angbata, under < pumayag? %he law presumed that under <cannot give consent there!ore the crime is not consentedabduction it should be !orcible abduction.

What crimes against where the age o! the victim is an element?)n the !ollowing, the age o! the girl is materialF

<. @uali!ied seduction with abuse authority, con!idenceand deceitG

. Acts o! lasciviousness with the consent o! the o!!endedparty under the same conditionG

$. 2onsented abduction.

What crimes where the age o! the victim is immaterial?

<. 1apeG

. Acts o! lasciviousnessG

$. @uali!ied seduction with abuse o! relationship Mdito yungincestJG

-. /orcible abduction Mso sabi nga ni 8ean )nigo na kahitlola nana + years old imu giabduct with lewd intent

!orcible abduction pa din yan, so age does not matterJ

C+a,!$r Fi.$PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE PRECEDING CHAPTERSOF TITLE ELEVEN

Ar!il$ :'') )rosecution of the crimes of adultery,

concubinage, seduction, abduction, rape and acts of lasciviousness" I %he crimes o! adultery and concubinageshall not be prosecuted except upon a complaint !iled by theo!!ended spouse.

%he o!!ended party cannot institute criminal prosecutionwithout including both the guilty parties, i! they are bothalive, nor, in any case, i! he shall have consented or pardoned the o!!enders.

%he o!!enses o! seduction, abduction, rape or acts o! lasciviousness, shall not be prosecuted except upon acomplaint !iled by the o!!ended party or her parents,grandparents, or guardian, nor, in any case, i! the o!!ender has been expressly pardoned by the above named persons,as the case may be.

)n cases o! seduction, abduction, acts o! lasciviousness andrape, the marriage o! the o!!ender with the o!!ended partyshall extinguish the criminal action or remit the penaltyalready imposed upon him. %he provisions o! this paragraphshall also be applicable to the coIprincipals, accomplicesand accessories a!ter the !act o! the aboveImentioned

crimes.

9ow do you prosecute these crimes? %hese are the crimes thatsometimes called private crimes, it is also crimes which cannotbe prosecuted de o!!icio. 'eaning, you cannot !ile a complaintwithout the a!!idavit o! the private o!!ended party. ou have tohave the complaint o! the private o!!ended party otherwise youcannot prosecute this.

%he rationale there is that the o!!ended party may choose tosu!!er in isolation and not go through the spectacle o! a publictrial, the law respect that. #asi nga yan ang mahirap sa rapecases kasi nga ang victim pagtrial maIcrossIexamine sya, andthe victim is made to undergo same ordeal again, kasi himayIhimayon man *ud ng testimony, so !rom the start so maalaIalamo lahat yung mga nangyari, so when the victim does not wantto!ile a case the law respects that and nobody can !ile a case !or her. #ung dili gani gusto d dili, so this cannot be prosecuted theo!!icio because it is a private crime it needs the complaint o! theo!!ended party.

%he <st and nd paragraphs “the crimes of adultery and concubinage shall not be prosecuted except upon a complaint filed by the offended spouse"” %he o!!ended party cannotinstitute criminal prosecution without including both the guiltyparties, i! they are both alive, nor, in any case, i! he shall haveconsented or pardoned the o!!enders.6 "o dalawa ang !ilelan mo,suppose nangabit ang bana pero love man *ud sya sa wi!e ang!ilelan lang sa wi!e ang kabit, dli namahimo.

ou cannot also chage i! there is consent or pardon. )! youremember Art ;(, pardon is not a mode o! extinction o! criminal

liability, so are we talking about? )t is merely a bar to prosecutiono! a criminal case, in other words kung mayroong pardon youare barred !rom !iling a case because it is a bar to a criminalaction. 4ike in adultery, pghuman sa yawx nghinilakay na sila,ngsorry na gi!orgive na, that is pardon hindi kana pwede mg!ileunless o! course may adultery na naman na ginawa. 4ike karnna !orgive na so that is a bar to criminal action unya pagkanextmonth ngcommit na sab, so lahi na sab to na adultery.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 (

Ano namn itong with consent? 4ike !or example muana angasawa hala sige pangita kaIsex didto, okey lang sa akin no hurt!eelings. Basically that is consent. 'arami dyan ngIhiwalaytapos ngayon they want to have there own partner, to have their own li!e, to move on, so ngsabot cla na they can have their ownpartner and move on with their lives. "o they dra!t an agreementthat we are !ree to go our own way, we are moving onseparately, consented that we can have own partners, soganyanx. Ngayon, in your civil law, is that a valid agreement?%hat is void !or being against public policy. But !or purposeso! de!ense in a criminal case o! adultery and concubinage that is anevidence o! consent, when there is consent there is a bar tocriminal case, you cannot prosecute i! you have consented to theact o! adultery.

0!course the consent should be given a!ter the criminal act. /or pardon to be e!!ective you must extend the pardon be!ore thecase is !iled in court. #umbaga, nasuko na asawa unya !ile daunsa korte unya ngIuli sila and now the complainant wishes towithdraw the complaint. 5nya kay naa namn sa korte? What wasbe!ore a private crime has now become a public crime becauseitKs under the control o! the prosecutor, who is acting !or and inthe interest o! the state, hindi na yan private wala na kay labotana except as witness. "o kung ayaw mo huwag kang mg!ilepero kung na !ile na yan wala ka ng magawa dyan because ngait has passed on to the public prosecutor, although o!courseinreality mahirapan na ang prosecutor na iprove yan wla na syangwitness but purposes o! our discussion wala na yan you cannot

*ust withdraw your complaint kasi this is kumbaga this thing isbigger than you, we are a!ter yung society, !amily is the basicsocial institution etc etc, this is beyond you. Be!ore the !iling sayoyun, i! you withdraw that is with you, but now that you have !ilethe case in court wala na, the control passes to the state.

Naalala nyo yung case na &ilapil vs. )bayI"omera? 8iba ang

husband !oreigner tapos gidivorce iya /ilipina wi!e sa abroadunya nibalik dri, ng!ile sya ug adultery case sa wi!e. "abi ng wi!ena dli na pwede dli na tika husband, sabi naman ng !oreigner nawhen you committed adultery ) am still your husband. %he "2said that the husband must be the husband at the time o! the!iling o! the complaint so walang adultery because the !oreigner husband gets a divorce the /ilipina spouse can remarry.

$rd paragraph “%he offenses of seduction, abduction, rape or acts of lasciviousness, "o it is not *ust adultery and concubinage,it include also seduction, abduction, rape or acts o! lasciviousness. “-hall not be prosecuted except upon a

complaint filed by the offended party or her parents,grandparents, or guardian, nor, in any case, if the offender hasbeen expressly pardoned by the above named persons, as thecase may be"” "o in that order ha. 4ike ) said pardon here is nota mode o! extinction it is only a bar to criminal action.

-th paragraph ”in cases of seduction, abduction, acts of lasciviousness and rape, the marriage of the offender with theoffended party shall extinguish the criminal action or remit the

penalty already imposed upon him” meaning the case is alreadyin court and the parties get married, ngminyo ang o!!ended ando!!ender, so wala na, so the criminal action will be extinguished.

Now suppose the o!!ender has already been convicted andalready serving his sentence in *ail, yan yung ibig sabihin dyanna the penalty can be remitted. "o it is a mode o! extinction o! criminal liability.

“%he provisions of this paragraph shall also be applicable to theco6principals, accomplices and accessories after the fact of theabove6mentioned crimes"” But with respect to rape diba whenthere is marriage between the o!!ender and the o!!endedextinction yan sa rape. Now, this rule could not be applicable incases o! multiple rape because with respect to the other o!!enders wala ka coIprincipal ka *pon.

)n one example, A, husband, B, the wi!e, B has an a!!air with 2,so mayroong adultery si B with 2. Now giI!ilelan ng kaso unyanamatay si A. 5nya ngminyo si B ug si 2. )s there criminalliability extinguish? 1emember that B and 2 they are noto!!ended and o!!ender parties, they are both o!!enders this willnot apply.

Ar!il$ :'() *ivil liability of persons guilty of crimes against

chastity" I &erson guilty o! rape, seduction or abduction, shallalso be sentencedF

<. %o indemni!y the o!!ended woman.

. %o acknowledge the o!!spring, unless the lawshould prevent him !rom so doing.

$. )n every case to support the o!!spring.

%he adulterer and the concubine in the case provided !or in Articles $$$ and $$- may also be sentenced, in the sameproceeding or in a separate civil proceeding, to indemni!y !or damages caused to the o!!ended spouse.

%o indemnify the offended woman"

%o acknowledge the offspring, unless the law should prevent himfrom so doing"

#unwari minyo na, the victim is married and has kids taposngayon nabuntis dahil sa crime na yan, or there are multipleo!!enders, sino ngayon ang ipaacknowledge mo diyan. %hosewere the instances where acknowledgement is not an option.)sipin mo manuktok did ang o!!ender or iyang representativemghatag ug support like tuition sa iyang anak, so yanmagkakaproblema.

Ar!il$ :') #iability of ascendants, guardians, teachers, or other persons entrusted with the custody of the offended

party" I %he ascendants, guardians, curators, teachers andany person who, by abuse o! authority or con!identialrelationships, shall cooperate as accomplices in theperpetration o! the crimes embraced in chapters, second,third and !ourth, o! this title, shall be punished as principals.

%eachers or other persons in any other capacity entrustedwith the education and guidance o! youth, shall also su!!er the penalty o! temporary special dis:uali!ication in itsmaximum period to perpetual special dis:uali!ication.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 (<

Any person !alling within the terms o! this article, and anyother person guilty o! corruption o! minors !or the bene!it o! another, shall be punished by special dis:uali!ication !rom!illing the o!!ice o! guardian.

%ake note they are considered as principals, although their actions are not really or they are only helping act, but in thesecases, seduction, abduction, ect, itong mga ascendant,guardians, teachers and any person who, by abuse o! authorityor con!idential relationships, shall cooperate as accomplices inthe perpetration o! the crimes, shall be punish as principals,although their participation is that o! accomplice according to thisarticle they will be punished as principals. &arang ano lang yanslight illegal detention na the one who !urnishes the place ispunish as a principal even i! really his action is only that o! anaccomplice, so similar sila.

Crim II TSN% O!"#$r 23% 2&1'% Par! 1 :' min!$4

We come to 20N"EN%E8 AB852%)0N. We have this case&eople v. PPPPPPP, this is an old case where the girl submittedbecause o! the promise o! marriage, sabi natin, ano thatKssupposed to be "imple because o! deceit. But here, the 2ourtsaid this is 2onsented Abduction. "imple Abduction is dissolvedbecause o! the consent. But i! the victim is raped, then thatKsanother story because it will be the complex crime o! 2onsented

Abduction with 1ape. %he abduction was used as a necessarymeans o! committing rape. Also ) !orgot to tell you, well, diba sabinila there is consent? "o ano ang crime when there is absoluteconsent? Well, the law seeks to protect not *ust the victim butalso the !amily o! the victim kasi, ang ating example diyan, istanan or taban. "o the essence o! the crime is not the wrongdone to the woman but the outrage committed against the !amily

and the alarm caused to them. Also, sa adultery, Zyung doctrineo! in pari delicto, i! youKre both in the wrong, wala, para lango!!setting. But in criminal law there is no such thing, i! your spouse commits adultery, it cannot be a de!ense that the other isalso doing it with somebody. %hat cannot be used, even i! true.%he husband who !iled was also cohabiting with another, but heis not precluded !rom !iling provided o! course there was noconsent or pardon.

0kay, letKs not go to ")'54A%)0N or 21)'E" A>A)N"% %9E2)3)4 "%A%5" 0/ &E1"0N". Again, ang consent ang tingnanniyo dito. %he crime is against the civil status o! persons. )! youread $-+, the simulation o! births, substitution o! a child !or another and concealment or abandonment, all o! these a!!ect thecivil status o! persons. ouKre !amiliar with this kay naaKy mga

telenovela nga ingon ani. 'ara 2lara. &arang nagswitch Zyun siladiba? "ubstitution o! a child !or another. )tKs a crime7 "imulationo! birth, hindi ka buntis unya nagbuntisIbuntisan ka lang peroa!ter ( mos, meron kang baby to show to the whole world. Whyis that a crime? What de!ense is given? 'aayo man ang bata, in!act, we are able to give a better li!e to the child kesa doon saoriginal na pamilya. But that is not a de!ense kasi nga, Zyun, thecivil status will be a!!ected. #anino ba Zyang anak? Nasisira moZyung !iliation. Zan actually ang crime diyan kaya even i! your intention is noble, that is, to give a much better li!e to the child,that is not a de!ense pa din. Because it creates a !alse status tothe detriment o! the !amily, Zdun sa mga legitimate talaga,kunwari, simulated or substituted, you are going to introduceanother person to the !amily na hindi naman siya related, to thepre*udice o! the others. But o! course we know that this is a

common practice especially in the provinces. Even until now. Naanak ng relative ihatag nalang didto sa iyang relative gihapon."o the child grows up with the auntie and the uncle but callsthem papa and mama. And then nobody knows it. 8iba Zyun angproblema? Anyway, the ob*ect here o! substitution, simulation or concealment is the creation o! !alse civil status, you are causingthe loss o! any trace as to the !iliation o! the child. Also, to beable to relate this to other crimes involving babies, when thewoman gives birth and abandons the baby, thatKs what we callabandonment, under Article +=. %he intention was made tocause the child to lose its civil status. 0r i! you leave the child ina !orest or in a dangerous situation, i! the child dies, that may be

parricide or homicide. Anyway, here, the concept ispinapakialaman mo ang status ng bata.

5"51&A%)0N 0/ 2)3)4 "%A%5", example here, you presentyoursel! to be another person and you assume the !iliation or parental rights o! such other person. ou are not *ust usurpingthe civil status o! that person, you are actually usurping thepublic status or pro!ession o! another. "o i! )Km actually the heir o! this rich guy, piRata mo pala. Also, we distinguish this !romEsta!a, kasi i! the impersonation or usurpation is to de!raud,papasok nanaman ang element o! deceit. )to dito, you assumethe !iliation o! another. "o there is also actually a di!!erentpenalty i! the purpose is to de!raud, itKs called @uali!ied.

Now, B)>A'. 'erong nagtanong, what is the opposite o! 'ini'e in 2riminal 4aw? %he answer is this one, Bigamy M9A9AJ.0kay, now, ano Ztong Bigamy, 2hapter . %ake note, when yousay Bigamy, kasi ang common concept diyan is dalawa.8alawang marriages.&aano man Zyan i! nakatatlo ka na onakaapat? %rigamy? /ourgamy? According to the 1&2, thesecond and subse:uent marriages are considered Bigamy padin. Ah. ZWag mo na gawing%rigamy. Basta Bigamy na tanan.Why is this a crime? Because you contracted a marriage evenbe!ore your previous marriage is being legally dissolved. %hatKs$-(. "o when can you get married again? /irst, kung namatay

imong bana or asawa. )kaduha, kung legally dissolved angmarriage. )katulo, i! the spouse has been declared presumptivelydead. 0utside o! these $ re:uirements, you will be sub*ect or vulnerable to Bigamy. Now, as !ar as the declaration o! nullity or the dissolution o! marriage is concerned, ayaw pagbuot. Waituntil it is legally declared void. ou cannot use as an excuse napwede na ka magminyo ug usab kay nag!ile na ka ug action tohave the !irst marriage declared void and then later on, it is reallygranted. )n the case o! Beltran v. &eople M$$- "21A <=J,according to the 2ourt, the parties are not permitted to *udge !or themselves the nullity o! the marriage, they should wait !or the2ourt to decide. "o long as there is no such declaration, thepresumption is that the marriage exists. %here!ore he whocontracts a second marriage be!ore the *udicial declaration o! nullity o! the !irst, assumes the risk o! being prosecuted !or

Bigamy. Now, also one important thing here is thisF the bigamousmarriage is !or all intents and purposes, valid, except only that itis a second marriage. )n other words, all re:uisites !or the validityo! a marriage is here, except lang na pangalawa siya and thereis still that subsisting, that existing marriage. Because i! thesecond marriage lacks any o! the essential re:uisites o! a validmarriage, example consent, then that cannot be bigamous. )tcan only be bigamous i! valid siya, i! nacomply lahat ng !ormaland essential re:uisites o! a valid marriage. Ang problema langtalaga is that meron paKng subsisting marriage. %hat is the only!law.

)! the marriage is contracted abroad, i! itKs not recogniCed here,wala na Zyan. "uppose A Mmarried to BJ contracted marriage with2 in %hailand, bumalik sila ditto sa &)lipinas and lived as

husband and wi!e. )s there Bigamy? Wala man7 >eneralcharacteristic o! 2riminal 4aw diba is territoriality? "aan ba Zyunkinasal, outside the country7 "o anong pakialam ng 2riminal 4awdiyan? Walang Bigamy. Although they lived together as husbandand wi!e here, that can be susceptible to the charge o! concubinage or adultery as the case may be. But as !ar asBigamy is concerned, there is the principle o! territoriality. %akenote too that Bigamy is not a private crime, there!ore it can beprosecuted by kahit sino not *ust the o!!ended party.

)! you contract a bigamous marriage, now, is your partner alsoliable !or bigamy? 1emember the elements o! the crime. &arangmalabo Zyan na ang partner maging liable din, but can he beconsidered an accomplice? Ang problem diyan is that the crimewould not have been accomplished without the cooperation o! the partner. Were it not !or the cooperation o! the partner, walangmarriage na mahitabo. "o the partner, by indispensablecooperation, is also a principal7 'ahitabo ba diay ng marriagekung muingon siya ug dili ko6. Although Zyung mga ninang,bridesmaid, o! course, go back again to intent and knowledge.

Alam mo na minyo na ni siya, nagninong pa ka diha, kanapwede ka mahimong accomplice. 0r bridesmaid ka, best man,alam mo na married na ang barkada mo. Accomplice ka7

Now, can a person be convicted o! Bigamy and also !or 2oncubinage? &wede ba? >o back to basics, pareho ba sila ngelements? 9indi man. "o i! swak siya doon, swak siya dito,




pwede man. %hey are distinct o!!enses having their ownelements.

'A11)A>E 20N%1A2%E8 A>A)N"% &103)")0N 0/ %9E4AW. /irst o! all, it should not !all under Bigamy. 2ontractingmarriage knowing that the re:uirements o! the law are notcomplied with or the marriage is in disregard o! a legalimpediment. Alam mo palang may problema Zyang marriage naZyan, humirit ka pa. #nowingly again ha, knowingly. But theimpediment diyan should not re!er to the existence o! a previousmarriage, otherwise, automatic Zyan na Bigamy. )tong&1E'A%51E 'A11)A>E, sa ato pa, hindi ka pa dapatnagmarry, una ka. Why is it a crime? Anyway, widow na ngasiya, kasuhan pa. Namatyan na ka, prisuhon pa ka because youare not supposed to get married agad. Well, this is to avoidcon!usion as to !iliation i! nanganak ka. ouKre not supposed tomarry within a certain number o! days. #ung you get marriedbe!ore <; days a!ter the subse:uent marriage the rule is thebaby is conceived in the !ormer marriage provided born within$ days a!ter the termination o! the !irst. %he concept is paralang to avoid con!usion.

$H. &E1/01'AN2E 0/ )44E>A4 'A11)A>E 2E1E'0N.%he o!!ender here are those authoriCed to solemniCe marriageand then they per!orm an illegal marriage. 2rimes against 9onor,

!irst is $H$. 8e!inition o! de!amation Zyan kasi it includes bothlibel and slander. What is de!amation, Zyan. 'alicious imputationo! a vice or de!ect, real or imaginary.

Crim 2 TSN% O!"#$r 23% 2&1'% Par! 2% 14! :& min!$4)

4etKs go to some special laws. 1.A. (+-H. this is the AntiI%orture Act o! (. %ake note o! the de!inition o! tortureF

D%ortureD re!ers to an act by which severe pain or su!!ering,w+$!+$r ,+-4ial "r m$n!al, is intentionally in!licted on aperson !or such purposes as obtaining !rom himLher or a thirdperson in!ormation or a con!essionG punishing himLher !or an actheLshe or a third person has committed or is suspected o! havingcommittedG or intimidating or coercing himLher or a third personGor !or any reason based on discrimination o! any kind, whensuch pain or su!!ering is in!licted by or at the instigation o! or withthe consent or ac:uiescence o! a person in authority or agent o! a person in authority. )t does not include pain or Bu!!ering arisingonly !rom, inherent in or incidental to law!ul sanctions.

%he acts o! torture is de!ined in "ection -. ust read it.

S$!i"n ') Acts of %orture" I /or purposes o! this Act, tortureshall include, but not be limited to, the !ollowingF

MaJ &hysical torture is a !orm o! treatment or punishment in!lictedby a person in authority or agent o! a person in authority uponanother in hisLher custody that causes severe pain, exhaustion,disability or dys!unction o! one or more parts o! the body, suchasFM<J "ystematic beating, headbanging, punching, kicking, strikingwith truncheon or ri!le butt or other similar ob*ects, and *umpingon the stomachG

MJ /ood deprivation or !orcible !eeding with spoiled !ood, animalor human excreta and other stu!! or substances not normallyeatenG

M$J Electric shockG

M-J 2igarette burningG burning by electrically heated rods, hot oil,acidG by the rubbing o! pepper or other chemical substances onmucous membranes, or acids or spices directly on the woundMsJG

MHJ %he submersion o! the head in water or water polluted withexcrement, urine, vomit andLor blood until the brink o! su!!ocationG

M=J Being tied or !orced to assume !ixed and stress!ul bodilypositionG

M+J 1ape and sexual abuse, including the insertion o! !oreignob*ects into the sex organ or rectum, or electrical torture o! thegenitalsG

M;J 'utilation or amputation o! the essential parts o! the body

such as the genitalia, ear, tongue, etc.G

M(J 8ental torture or the !orced extraction o! the teethG

M<J &ulling out o! !ingernailsG

M<<J 9arm!ul exposure to the elements such as sunlight and

extreme coldG

M<J %he use o! plastic bag and other materials placed over thehead to the point o! asphyxiationG

M<$J %he use o! psychoactive drugs to change the perception,memory. alertness or will o! a person, such asF

MiJ %he administration or drugs to induce con!ession andLor reduce mental competencyG or

MiiJ %he use o! drugs to induce extreme pain or certain symptomso! a diseaseG and

M<-J 0ther analogous acts o! physical tortureG and

MbJ D'entalL&sychological %ortureD re!ers to acts committed by aperson in authority or agent o! a person in authority which arecalculated to a!!ect or con!use the mind andLor undermine apersons dignity and morale, such asF



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 (>

M<J Blind!oldingG

MJ %hreatening a personMsJ or hisL!her relativeMsJ with bodilyharm, execution or other wrong!ul actsG

M$J 2on!inement in solitary cells or secret detention placesG

M-J &rolonged interrogationG

MHJ &reparing a prisoner !or a Dshow trialD, public display or publichumiliation o! a detainee or prisonerG

M=J 2ausing unscheduled trans!er o! a person deprived o! liberty!rom one place to another, creating the belie! that heLshe shall be

summarily executedG

M+J 'altreating a memberLs o! a persons !amilyG

M;J 2ausing the torture sessions to be witnessed by the persons!amily, relatives or any third partyG

M(J 8enial o! sleepLrestG

M<J "hame in!liction such as stripping the person naked,parading himLher in public places, shaving the victims head or putting marks on hisLher body against hisLher willG

M<<J 8eliberately prohibiting the victim to communicate with anymember o! hisLher !amilyG and

M<J 0ther analogous acts o! mentalLpsychological torture.

S$!i"n () 3ther *ruel, .nhuman and 0egrading %reatment or )unishment" I 0ther cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment re!ers to a deliberate and aggravated treatment or punishment not enumerated under "ection - o! this Act, in!lictedby a person in authority or agent o! a person in authority againstanother person in custody, which attains a level o! severitysu!!icient to cause su!!ering, gross humiliation or debasement tothe latter. %he assessment o! the level o! severity shall dependon all the circumstances o! the case, including the duration o! thetreatment or punishment, its physical and mental e!!ects and, insome cases, the sex, religion, age and state o! health o! thevictim.

S$!i"n ) reedom from %orture and 3ther *ruel, .nhuman and 0egrading %reatment or )unishment, An Absolute Bight" I%orture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or

punishment as criminal acts shall apply to all circumstances. Astate o! war or a threat o! war, internal political instability, or anyother public emergency, or a document or any determinationcomprising an Dorder o! battleD shall not and can never beinvoked as a *usti!ication !or torture and other cruel, inhuman anddegrading treatment or punishment.

S$!i"n <) )rohibited 0etention" I "ecret detention places,

solitary con!inement, incommunicado or other similar !orms o! detention, where torture may be carried out with impunity. Arehereby prohibited.

)n which case, the &hilippine National &olice M&N&J, the Armed/orces o! the &hilippines MA/&J and other law en!orcement.agencies concerned shall make an updated list o! all detentioncenters and !acilities under their respective *urisdictions with thecorresponding data on the prisoners or detainees incarcerated or detained therein such as, among others, names, date o! arrestand incarceration, and the crime or o!!ense committed. %his listshall be made available to the public at all times, with a copy o!

the complete list available at the respective nationalhead:uarters o! the &N& and A/&. A copy o! the complete listshall likewise be submitted by the &N&, A/& and all other lawen!orcement agencies to the 2ommission on 9uman 1ightsM291J, such list to be periodically updated, by the sameagencies, within the !irst !ive MHJ days o! every month at theminimum. Every regional o!!ice o! the &N&, A/& and other lawen!orcement agencies shall also maintain a similar list !ar alldetainees and detention !acilities within their respective areas,and shall make the same available to the public at all times attheir respective regional head:uarters, and submit a copy.updated in the same manner provided above, to the respectiveregional o!!ices o! the 291.

S$!i"n 3) Applicability of the /xclusionary (ule; /xception" I Any con!ession, admission or statement obtained as a result o! torture 4+all #$ ina/mi44i#l$ in $.i/$n$ in an- ,r"$$/in64,except i! the same is used as evidence against a person or persons accused o! committing torture.

%ake note o! "ection <. %he o! Writs o! 9abeas 2orpus, Amparoand 9abeas 8ata &roceedings shall be given priority.

S$!i"n 1&) 0isposition of rits of Fabeas *orpus, Amparo and Fabeas 0ata )roceedings and *ompliance with a 7udicial rder"I A writ o! habeas corpus or writ o! amparo or writ o! habeas dataproceeding, i! any, !iled on behal! o! the victim o! torture or other cruel, degrading and inhuman treatment or punishment shall be

disposed o! expeditiously and any order o! release by virtuethereo!, or other appropriate order o! a court relative thereto,shall be $8$!$/ "r "m,li$/ wi!+ imm$/ia!$l-)

%ake note o! "ection <H. %orture shall not absorb or shall not beabsorbed by any other crime or !elony committed.

S$!i"n 1() %orture as a -eparate and .ndependent *rime" I%orture as a crime 4+all n"! a#4"r# "r 4+all n"! #$ a#4"r#$/#- an- "!+$r rim$ "r 0$l"n- "mmi!!$/ as a conse:uence, or as a means in the conduct or commission thereo!. )n which case,torture shall be treated as a separate and independent criminalact whose penalties shall be imposable without pre*udice to anyother criminal liability provided !or by domestic and international

laws.

%ake note also o! "ection <=. which excludes those whocommitted torture !rom availing o! special amnesty laws.

S$!i"n 1) /xclusion from the *overage of -pecial Amnesty #aw" I )n order not to depreciate the crime o! torture, personswho have committed any act o! torture 4+all n"! #$n$0i! 0r"man- 4,$ial amn$4!- law "r 4imilar m$a4r$4 that will havethe e!!ect o! exempting them !rom any criminal proceedings andsanctions.



CRIMINAL LAW II REVIEW TRANSCRIPTION – FROM CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS TO THE END OF BOOK 2 &

1elate "ection <; on our discussion regarding the Board o! 2laims.

S$!i"n 13) *ompensation to 4ictims of %orture" I Any personwho has su!!ered torture shall +a.$ !+$ ri6+! !" laim 0"r "m,$n4a!i"n a4 ,r".i/$/ 0"r n/$r R$,#li A! N") <:&> F&rovided, %hat in no case shall compensation be any lower than%en thousand pesos M&<,.J. 3ictims o! torture shall alsohave the right to claim !or compensation !rom such other !inancial relie! programs that may be made available to himLher under existing law and rules and regulations.

%he compensation in 1.A. +$( and 1.A. (+-H are not the same.)n 1.A. +$(, the maximum is &<,.. 9owever, in 1.A.(+-H, !+$ "m,$n4a!i"n 4+all n"! #$ l"w$r !+an P1&%&&&)&&.

%ake note also that the 1&2 is applied suppletorily.

S$!i"n 22) Applicability of the (evised )enal *ode" I %heprovisions o! the 1evised &enal 2ode inso!ar as they areapplicable shall be suppletory to this Act. 'oreover, i! thecommission o! any crime punishable under %itle Eight M2rimes

Against &ersonsJ and %itle Nine M2rimes Against &ersonal4iberty and "ecurityJ o! the 1evised &enal 2ode is attended byany o! the acts constituting torture and other cruel, inhuman and

degrading treatment or punishment as de!ined herein, thepenalty to be imposed shall be in its maximum period.

)n this instance, torture is still a di!!erent o!!ense and will beprosecuted independently and separately. 9owever, i! a crimepunishable under %itle ; and %itle ( is committed along withtorture, the penalty !or the crime will be imposed in its maximumperiod. M)t seems like torture is a special aggravatingcircumstanceJ.

%his special law is discussed !or Bar Exam purposes. )t will notbe included in the exams.

Another special law, 1.A. (++H, deals with child pornography.

S$!i"n :) D$0ini!i"n "0 T$rm4

MaJ C+il/ re!ers to a person below eighteen M<;J years o! ageor over, but is unable to !ully take care o! himsel!Lhersel! !romabuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because o! a physical or mental disability or condition. /or the purpose o! this Act, a child shall also re!er toF

M<J a person regardless o! age who is presented, depicted or portrayed as a child as de!ined hereinG and

MJ computerIgenerated, digitally or manually cra!ted images or graphics o! a person who is represented or who is made toappear to be a child as de!ined herein.

MbJ C+il/ ,"rn"6ra,+- re!ers to any representation, whether visual, audio, or written combination thereo!, by electronic,mechanical, digital, optical, magnetic or any other means, o! child engaged or involved in r$al "r 4imla!$/ $8,lii! 4$8ala!i.i!i$4.

McJ E8,lii! S$8al A!i.i!- includes actual or simulated V

M<J As to !ormF

MiJ sexual intercourse or lascivious act including, but notlimited to, contact involving genital to genital, oral togenital, anal to genital, or oral to anal, whether betweenpersons o! the same or opposite sexG

MJ bestialityG

M$J masturbationG

M-J sadistic or masochistic abuseG

MHJ lascivious exhibition o! the genitals, buttocks,breasts, pubic area andLor anusG or

M=J use o! any ob*ect or instrument !or lascivious acts

Gr""min6 re!ers to the act o! preparing a child or someonewho the o!!ender believes to be a child !or sexual activity or sexual relationship by communicating any !orm o! childpornography. )t includes online enticement or enticement throughany other means.

Lrin6 re!ers to the act o! communicating, by means o! acomputer system, with a child or someone who the o!!ender believes to be a child !or the purpose o! !acilitating thecommission o! sexual activity or production o! any !orm o! childpornography.MJ BestialityG

%ake note o! this because this is related to the cybercrime law,which we will take on later.

Pan/$rin6 re!ers to the act o! o!!ering, advertising, promoting,representing or distributing through any means any material or purported material that is intended to cause another to believethat the material or purported material contains any !orm o! childpornography, regardless o! the actual content o! the material or

purported material.

2nlawful or )rohibited Acts" I )t shall be unlaw!ul !or any personF

MaJ %o hire, employ, use, persuade, induce or coerce achild to per!orm in the creation or production o! any!orm o! child pornographyG

MbJ %o produce, direct, manu!acture or create any !ormo! child pornographyG

McJ T" ,#li4+ "00$r% !ran4mi!% 4$ll% /i4!ri#!$%#r"a/a4!% a/.$r!i4$% ,r"m"!$% $8,"r! "r im,"r! an-0"rm "0 +il/ ,"rn"6ra,+-@

MdJ %o possess any !orm o! child pornography with theintent to sell, distribute, publish, or broadcastF &rovided.%hat possession o! three M$J or more articles o! childpornography o! the same !orm shall be prima !acieevidence o! the intent to sell, distribute, publish or broadcastG




MeJ %o knowingly, will!ully and intentionally provide avenue !or the commission o! prohibited acts as, but notlimited to, dens, private rooms, cubicles, cinemas,houses or in establishments purporting to be alegitimate businessG

M!J /or !ilm distributors, theaters and telecommunicationcompanies, by themselves or in cooperation with other entities, to distribute any !orm o! child pornographyG

MgJ /or a parent, legal guardian or person havingcustody or control o! a child to knowingly permit thechild to engage, participate or assist in any !orm o! childpornographyG

MhJ %o engage in the luring or grooming o! a childG

MiJ %o engage in pandering o! any !orm o! childpornographyG

M*J %o will!ully access any !orm o! child pornographyG

MkJ %o conspire to commit any o! the prohibited acts

stated in this section. 2onspiracy to commit any !orm o! child pornography shall be committed when two MJ or more persons come to an agreement concerning thecommission o! any o! the said prohibited acts anddecide to commit itG and

MlJ T" ,"44$44 an- 0"rm "0 +il/ ,"rn"6ra,+-)

%ake note the child pornography involves distribution o! any !orm o! child pornography. Even possession o! an-0"rm "0 +il/ ,"rn"6ra,+- is an unlaw!ul act.

-yndicated *hild )ornography I %he crime o! childpornography is deemed committed by a syndicate i!

carried out by a group o! three M$J or more personsconspiring or con!ederating with one another and shallbe punished under "ection <HMaJ o! this Act.

S$!i"n 3) 7urisdiction" I urisdiction over cases !or the violationo! this Act shall be vested in the Famil- C"r! which hasterritorial *urisdiction over the place where the o!!ense or any o! its essential elements was committed pursuant to 1epublic ActNo. ;$=(, otherwise known as D/amily 2ourts Act o! <((+D.

S$!i"n 1&) (esponsibility of 5all 3wners3perators and 3wners or #essors of 3ther Business /stablishments" I All mallownersLoperators and owners or lessors o! other businessestablishments shall n"!i0- !+$ PNP "r !+$ NBI wi!+in 4$.$n

< /a-4 0r"m "#!ainin6 0a!4 an/ irm4!an$4 !+a! +il/,"rn"6ra,+- i4 #$in6 "mmi!!$/ in !+$ir ,r$mi4$4. )rovided,%hat public display o! any !orm o! child pornography within their premises is a conclusive presumption o! the knowledge o! themall ownersLoperators and owners or lessors o! other businessestablishments o! the violation o! this ActF )rovided, further, %hata disputable presumption o! knowledge by mallownersLoperators and owners or lessors o! other businessestablishments should know or reasonably know that a violationo! this Act is being committed in their premises.

&hoto developers, in!ormation technology pro!essionals, creditcard companies and banks and any person who has /ir$!5n"wl$/6$ "0 an- 0"rm "0 +il/ ,"rn"6ra,+- a!i.i!i$4 shall

have the duty to report any suspected child pornographymaterials or transactions to the proper authorities within sevenM+J days !rom discovery thereo!.

Any will!ul and intentional violation o! this provision shall besub*ect to the penalty provided under "ection <HMlJ o! this Act.

S$!i"n 11) 0uties of an .nternet *ontent Fost" I An internetcontent host shallF

MaJ Not host any !orm o! child pornography on itsinternet addressG

MbJ Within seven M+J days, report the presence o! any!orm o! child pornography, as well as the particulars o! the person maintaining, hosting, distributing or in anymanner contributing to such internet address, to theproper authoritiesG and

McJ &reserve such evidence !or purposes o! investigation and prosecution by relevant authorities.

An internet content host shall, upon the re:uest o! proper

authorities, !urnish the particulars o! users who gained or attempted to gain access to an internet address that containsany !orm o! child pornography.

An internet content host who shall knowingly, will!ully andintentionally violate this provision shall be sub*ect to the penaltyprovided under "ection <HM*J o! this ActF &rovided, %hat the!ailure o! the internet content host to remove any !orm o! childpornography within !ortyIeight M-;J hours !rom receiving thenotice that any !orm o! child pornography is hitting its server shallbe conclusive evidence o! will!ul and intentional violation thereo!.

S$!i"n 12) Authority to (egulate .nternet *afJ or Kiosk" I %helocal government unit M4>5J o! the city or municipality where an

internet ca!] or kiosk is located shall have the authority tomonitor and regulate the establishment and operation o! thesame or similar establishments in order to prevent violation o! the provisions o! this Act.

S$!i"n 1:) *onfidentiality" I %he right to privacy o! the childshall be ensured a! an- 4!a6$ "0 !+$ in.$4!i6a!i"n%,r"4$!i"n an/ !rial "0 an "00$n4$ under this Act. %owardsthis end, the !ollowing rules shall be observedF

MaJ %he *udge, prosecutor or any o!!icer o! the law towhom the complaint has been re!erred to may,whenever necessary to ensure a !air and impartialproceeding and a!ter considering all circumstances !or

the best interest o! the child conduct a closedIdoor investigation, prosecution or trialG

MbJ %he name and personal circumstances o! the child,including the childs immediate !amily, or any other in!ormation tending to establish hisLher identity shall notbe disclosed to the publicG

McJ Any record regarding a child shall be con!identialand kept under seal. Except upon written re:uest andorder o! the court, a record shall be released only to the!ollowingF

M<J 'embers o! the court sta!! !or

administrative useG

MJ %he prosecuting attorneyG

M$J 8e!ense counselG

M-J %he guardian ad litemG

MHJ Agents o! investigating law en!orcementagencies and

M=J 0ther persons as determined by the court.

MdJ Any !orm o! child pornography that is part o! thecourt records shall be sub*ect to a protective order thatprovides as !ollowsF

M<J Any !orm o! child pornography may beviewed only by the parties, their counsel, their expert witness and guardian ad litemG

MJ Neither !orm o! child pornography nor anyportion thereo! shall be divulged to any other person, except as necessary !or investigation,prosecution or trialG and




M$J No person shall be granted access to any!orm o! child pornography or any part thereo! unless heLshe signs a written a!!irmation thatheLshe has received and read a copy o! theprotection orderG that heLshe submits to the

*urisdiction o! the court with respect to theprotective orderG and that, in case o! violationthereo!, heLshe will be sub*ect to the contemptpower o! the courtG and

MeJ )n cases when prosecution or trial is conductedbehind closed doors, it shall be unlaw!ul !or any editor,publisher and reporter or columnist in case o! printedmaterials, announcer or producer in case o! televisionand radio, producer and director o! a !ilm in case o! themovie industry, or any person utiliCing the triImedia!acilities or in!ormation technology to publish or broadcast the names o! the victims o! any case o! childpornography.

Any violation o! this provision shall be sub*ect to the penaltyprovided !or under "ection <HMmJ o! this Act.

S$!i"n 1') *are, *ustody and %reatment of a *hild 4ictim" I

%he 8"W8 shall ensure that the child who is a victim o! any !ormo! child pornography is provided appropriate care, custody andsupport !or their recovery and reintegration in accordance withexisting laws.

%he child and his !amily shall be entitled to protection as well asto the rights and bene!its o! witnesses under 1epublic Act No.=(;<, otherwise known as D%he Witness &rotection, "ecurity andBene!it ActD.

%he child shall also be considered as a victim o! a violent crimede!ined under "ection $MdJ o! 1epublic Act No. +$(, otherwiseknown as DAn Act 2reating a Board o! 2laims under the8epartment o! ustice !or 3ictims o! 5n*ust )mprisonment or

8etention and 3ictims o! 3iolent 2rimes and !or 0ther &urposesD, so that the child ma- laim "m,$n4a!i"n !+$r$in.

A child victim is considered a victim o! a violent crime so heLsheis entitled to compensation in the Board o! 2laims.

S$!i"n 1<) *onfiscation and orfeiture of the )roceeds, %oolsand .nstruments 2sed in *hild )ornography" I )n addition to thepenalty imposed !or the violation o! this Act, the court shall order the con!iscation and !or!eiture in !avor o! the government o! allthe proceeds, tools and instruments used in the commission o! the crime, unless they are the property o! a third person notliable !or the unlaw!ul actG )rovided, however, %hat all awards !or damages shall be taken !rom the personal and separate

properties o! the o!!enderG )rovided, !urther, %hat i! suchproperties are insu!!icient, the de!iciency shall be taken !rom thecon!iscated and !or!eited proceeds, tools and instruments.

%ake note that child pornography is a transnational crime.

S$!i"n 22) *hild )ornography as a %ransnational *rime" I&ursuant to the 2onvention on transnational 0rganiCed 2rime,the 80 may execute the re:uest o! a !oreign state !or assistance in the investigation or prosecution o! any !orm o! childpornography byF M<J conducting a preliminary investigationagainst the o!!ender and, i! appropriate, to !ile the necessarycharges in courtG MJ giving in!ormation needed by the !oreignstateG and M$J to apply !or an order o! !or!eiture o! any proceedsor monetary instrument or properly located in the &hilippinesused in connection with child pornography in the courtG )rovided,%hat i! the 80 re!uses to act on the re:uest o! !or delaying theexecution thereo!F )rovided, !urther, %hat the principles o! mutuality and reciprocity shall, !or this purpose, be at all timesrecogniCed.

Another special o! interest is 1.A. (((H, the An!i*P+"!" an/Vi/$" V"-$ri4m A! "0 2&&>. )t is under this law that 2hito'iranda and &aulo Bediones are liable.

S$!i"n :) 8e!inition o! %erms. I /or purposes o! this Act, thetermF

MaJ DBr"a/a4!D means to make public, by any means,a visual image with the intent that it be viewed by aperson or persons.

MbJ DCa,!r$D with respect to an image, means tovideotape, photograph, !ilm, record by any means, or broadcast.

McJ DF$mal$ #r$a4!D means an- ,"r!i"n o! the !emalebreast.

MdJ DP+"!" "r .i/$" ."-$ri4mD means the a! "0 !a5in6 ,+"!" "r .i/$" ".$ra6$ o! a person or groupo! persons per!orming sexual act or any similar activityor o! capturing an image o! the private area o! a personor persons without the latters consent, under circumstances in which such personLs hasLhave areasonable expectation o! privacy, or the a! "0 4$llin6%",-in6% r$,r"/in6% #r"a/a4!in6% 4+arin6%4+"win6 "r $8+i#i!in6 !+$ ,+"!" "r .i/$" ".$ra6$"r r$"r/in64 o! such sexual act or similar activitythrough 328L838, internet, cellular phones and similar means or device wi!+"! !+$ wri!!$n "n4$n! "0 !+$,$r4"n4 in."l.$/, notwithstanding that consent to

record or take photo or video coverage o! same wasgiven by such persons.

)n this provision, even i! consent was given by theperson allowing himsel!Lhersel! to be photographed or !ilmed, i! the photo or video was sold, copied,reproduced, broadcasted, shared, shown or exhibitedwithout such personKs WRITTEN CONSENT byanybody, then the latter is still liable under this Act. "o,i! you are a pro!essional nude photographer or a,r"0$44i"nal ,"rn"6ra,+$r , you must !irst get thewritten consent o! the person sub*ect o! your nudephoto or video be!ore you can engage in the a! "0 4$llin6% ",-in6% r$,r"/in6% #r"a/a4!in6%4+arin6% 4+"win6 "r $8+i#i!in6 !+$ ,+"!" "r .i/$"

".$ra6$ "r r$"r/in64 o! such photos or videos.

MeJ D&rivate area o! a personD means the naked or undergarment clad genitals, public area, buttocks or !emale breast o! an individual.

M!J D5nder circumstances in which a person has areasonable expectation o! privacyD means #$li$.$ !+a!+$4+$ "l/ /i4r"#$ in ,ri.a-, without beingconcerned that an image or a private area o! the personwas being capturedG or circumstances in which areasonable person would believe that a private area o! the person would not be visible to the public, regardlesso! whether that person is in a public or private place.

S$!i"n ') &rohibited Acts. I )t is hereby prohibited and declaredunlaw!ul !or any personF

MaJ %o take photo or video coverage o! a person or group o! persons per!orming sexual act or any similar activity or to capture an image o! the private area o! apersonLs such as the naked or undergarment cladgenitals, public area, buttocks or !emale breast withoutthe consent o! the personLs involved and under circumstances in which the personLs hasLhave areasonable expectation o! privacyG

)! you take a photo in a nudist beach, you do not have areasonable expectation o! privacy.

MbJ %o copy or reproduce, or to cause to be copied or reproduced, such photo or video or recording o! sexualact or any similar activity with or without considerationG

McJ %o sell or distribute, or cause to be sold or distributed, such photo or video or recording o! sexualact, whether it be the original copy or reproductionthereo!G or

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1991/ra_6981_1991.html











MdJ %o publish or broadcast, or cause to be published or broadcast, whether in print or broadcast media, or showor exhibit the photo or video coverage or recordings o! such sexual act or any similar activity through328L838, internet, cellular phones and other similar means or device.

%he prohibition under paragraphs MbJ, McJ and MdJ shall applynotwithstanding that consent to record or take photo or videocoverage o! the same was given by such personLs. Any person

who violates this provision shall be liable !or photo or videovoyeurism as de!ined herein.

S$!i"n ) /xemption" I Nothing contained in this Act, however,shall render it unlaw!ul or punishable !or any peace o!!icer, whois authoriCed by a written order o! the court, to use the record or any copy thereo! as evidence in any civil, criminal investigationor trial o! the crime o! photo or video voyeurismF &rovided, %hatsuch written order shall only be issued or granted upon writtenapplication and the examination under oath or a!!irmation o! theapplicant and the witnesses heLshe may produce, and uponshowing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that photoor video voyeurism has been committed or is about to be

committed, and that the evidence to be obtained is essential tothe conviction o! any person !or, or to the solution or preventiono! such, crime.

%his provision is akin to an application o! a warrant o! arrest or asearch warrant.

S$!i"n <) .nadmissibility of /vidence" I Any record, photo or video, or copy thereo!, obtained or secured by any person inviolation o! the preceding sections shall not be admissible in

evidence in any *udicial, :uasiI*udicial, legislative or administrative hearing or investigation.

Crim Law 2 Compilation

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