RESEARCH OUTLINE

Finland

CONTENTS

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Helps for Using This Research Outline . . . . . . . . 1Records Selection Table: Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Maps of Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Archives and Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Biography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Cemeteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Census . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Church History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Church Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Civil Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Court Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Emigration and Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Encyclopedias and Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Gazetteers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Genealogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Heraldry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Language and Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Merchant Marine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Military Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Names, Personal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Nobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Probate Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Public Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Social Life and Customs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Societies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Other Records for Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36For Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

INTRODUCTION

This outline can help you find information aboutpeople who lived in Finland. It gives informationabout records of genealogical value for Finland andhelps you decide which types of records to search.

Generally, you must know the specific town inFinland where your ancestor was born beforebeginning research in Finland. Sometimes you canfind this information in Finnish or other Europeanor United States sources.

You will need some basic understanding ofgenealogical research procedures. You may want toread A Guide to Research (30971) or Principles ofFamily History Research (34020) or see the videoorientation program, all of which are available atthe Family History Library™ and at Family HistoryCenters™.

HELPS FOR USING THISRESEARCH OUTLINE

Before using this outline you need to choose theinformation you would like to learn about one ofyour ancestors, such as a birth date or a maidenname.

After you have decided what information you wantto find, look at the “Record Selection Table” in thisoutline. It lists the kinds of information you maywant and the best types of records for finding thatinformation.

You can find a section in the outline for each typeof record listed in columns 2 and 3 of the “RecordSelection Table.” The subsequent sections referredto in this outline give more information about theserecords and how to find them. The sections are inalphabetical order.

This outline does not mention all possiblegenealogical record sources. At the end of theoutline, you will find a brief list of additional topicheadings under “Other Records” and a shortbibliography of sources under “For FurtherReading.” For help in tracing Finnish immigrants,use the research outlines for the country of arrivaland the Tracing Immigrant Origins ResearchOutline (34111).

References to the Family History LibraryCatalog™

The Family History Library Catalog™ is a listing ofall the records available at the Family HistoryLibrary. The catalog is available at the FamilyHistory Library and at each Family HistoryCenter™. Staff at the library or centers can help youlearn to use the catalog.

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For more information about genealogicalcollections, look in the Locality Search of theFamily History Library Catalog under:

FINLAND - GENEALOGYFINLAND, [COUNTY] - GENEALOGYFINLAND, [COUNTY], [TOWN] -

GENEALOGY

This outline gives instructions for findinginformation in the catalog. For example, in thesection of this outline called “Genealogy” you mayfind the following statement:

This tells you to look in the catalog under:

• Finland and then the subject GENEALOGY.

• A county in Finland and then the subjectGENEALOGY.

• A town in a county in Finland and then thesubject GENEALOGY.

This outline includes many references to specificrecords. The references include call numbers andcomputer numbers, which are listed in parentheses.

• Call Numbers. The call number is used to find arecord in the Family History Library (FHL).

• Computer Numbers. Each record is assigned anumber to identify it in the catalog. If you areusing the Family History Library Catalog oncomputer or compact disc, you can search forthe record by the computer number. This is thequickest way to find the listing of the record inthe catalog.

For additional information on using the catalog seeUsing the Family History Library Catalog™(30966).

References to Other Family History LibraryPublications

The Family History Library has many otherpublications that may be helpful to you in yourresearch. Some are referred to in this outline. Theirtitles are in italics and their item numbers are inparentheses. They are available at the FamilyHistory Library and the Salt Lake DistributionCenter.

Finnish Terms

In this outline, Finnish and Swedish language termsare frequently given in brackets and italics after theEnglish terms, such as marriages [Vihityt/Vigda].The Finnish word is listed first. English translationsin parentheses follow Finnish- or Swedish-language book, microfilm, or microfiche titles.

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RECORDS SELECTION TABLE: FINLAND

This table can help you decide which records to search. It is most helpful for research from 1800 to thepresent.

Step 1. Choose an ancestor you would like to know more about. Decide what new information you wouldlike to learn about that person. This new information is your research goal.

Step 2. In column 1 of this table, find the goal you selected.Step 3. In column 2 of this table, find the types of records most likely to have the information you need;

then read the sections in this outline about those types of records.Step 4. Look in the Family History Library Catalog™, and choose a specific record to search.Step 5. Look at the record.Step 6. If you do not find the information you need, return to column 3 and search those record types.

Note: Records of previous research (Genealogy, Biography, History, Periodicals, and Societies) are usefulfor most goals, but they are not listed unless they are especially helpful.

1. If You Need 2. Search These Record Types First 3. Search These Record Types NextAge Church Records Census, Probate RecordsBirth date Church Records —Boundaries and Origins Gazetteers Maps, HistoryChildren Church Records Census, ProbateDeath information Church Records ProbateEmigration date Emigration and Immigration Church RecordsEthnic background Church Records Minorities, Social Life and

Customs, EthnologyHistorical background History Social Life and CustomsMaiden name Church Records —Marriage information Church Records —Occupations Church Records Probate, OccupationsOther family members Church Records Census, ProbateParents Church Records Census, ProbatePhysical description Military Records Biography, GenealogyPlace-finding aids Postal and Shipping Guides Gazetteers, Maps,Place of residence Church Records Geographical Names

Census, TaxationPrevious research Genealogy, Periodicals Biography, History, Archives and

LibrariesRecord-finding aids Archives and Libraries Bibliography, GenealogyReligion Church Records Minorities, Encyclopedias and

DictionariesSocial activities Social Life and Customs History

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ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES

Archives collect and preserve original documentsof such organizations as churches or governments.Libraries generally collect published sources, suchas books, maps, and microfilm. This sectiondescribes the major repositories of genealogicaland historical records and sources for Finland.When one of these institutions is referred toelsewhere in this outline, return to this section toobtain the address.

If you plan to visit one of these repositories,contact the organization and ask for informationabout collection, hours, services, and fees.

Although the records you need may be in anarchive or library in Finland, the Family HistoryLibrary has copies of many valuable genealogicalrecords on microfilm from several Finnish archivesand libraries.

The following major types of genealogicalrepositories are discussed in this outline:

• National archives

• Provincial archives

• Parish offices

• Military archives

• Other Finnish archives and libraries

• United States archives

National Archives

The Finnish National Archives have documentspertaining to the whole country. Records of thecities of Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen, and Vantaaare also found in the national archives; however,records from Uusimaa County are in the provincialarchives in Hämeenlinna.

Records of genealogical value at the nationalarchives include the following:

• Church records

• Census records

• Court records

` Emigration records

The National Archives of Finland are open to thepublic. You may purchase microfilms through thenational archives and request photocopies of therecords by using forms obtained from the archives.

You can write to the archives at:

National Archives of FinlandKansallisarkistoPL 25800171 HelsinkiFinlandTelephone: 011-358-9-228 521Fax: 011-358-9-176 302http://www.narc.fi/ka.html/ (Finnish)

The archives are located at:

Rauhankatu 17HelsinkiFinland

Provincial Archives

Finland has eight regional archives that houserecords about their particular area. Most Finnishrecords of genealogical value are kept at provincialarchives, including the following:

` Church records

` Census records

` Emigration records

` Court records

Each provincial archive also has a large collectionof printed material about its area, including localhistories and biographies.

The provincial archives are open to the public andwill answer correspondence. Each archive hasdifferent service hours, so make sure you know thedays and times it is open before visiting.

For Turku-Pori County, write:

Turun maakunta-arkistoPL 38320101 TurkuFinlandTelephone: 011-358-2-2760 818Fax: 011-358-2-2760 810

For Häme and Uusimaa Counties, write:

Hämeenlinnan maakunta-arkisto13100 HämeenlinnaFinlandTelephone: 011-358-3-653 3801Fax: 011-358-3-653 3810

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For Kymi, Mikkeli, and Kuopio Counties and forthe former Viipuri County and the parishes of Sallaand Petsamo, which were ceded to the USSR in1944, write:

Mikkelin maakunta-arkistoPL 250101 MikkeliFinlandTelephone: 011-358-15-321 310Fax: 011-358-15-321 3157

For Vaasa County (see also Jyväskylän maakunta-arkisto), write:

Vaasan maakunta-arkistoPL 24065101 VaasaFinlandTelephone: 011-358-6-317 3912Fax: 011-358-6-312 0392

For Keski-Suomi County, which was formed in1960 from the eastern part of the former Vaasacounty and the border parishes from Häme,Mikkeli, and Kuopio Counties, write:

Jyväskylän maakunta-arkisto40100 JyväskyläFinlandTelephone: 011-358-14-617 592Fax: 011-358-14-610 651

For Pohjois-Karjala County, which was formed in1960 from the eastern half of the former KuopioCounty, write:

Joensuun maakunta-arkistoPL 14680101 JoensuuFinlandTelephone: 011-358-13-251 4602Fax: 011-358-13-251 4606

For the counties of Lappi and Oulu Counties, write:

Oulun maakunta-arkistoPL 3190101 OuluFinlandTelephone: 011-358-8-311 7066Fax: 011- 358-8-311 7068

For the county of Ahvenanmaa (Åland) County,write:

Ålands landskapsarkivPB 6022101 MariehamnFinlandTelephone: 011-358-18-253 44Fax: 011-358-18-191 55

Parish Offices

Local parishes usually have church records createdafter 1900. They may also have earlier records.You can write to local parishes and church archivesfor information. For more information, see the“Church Records” section of this outline.

Military Archives

Finnish military records that were created before1810 are preserved at the Military Archives ofSweden. The address for the archives is:

KrigsarkivetS-115 88 StockholmSwedenTelephone: 011-46-8-782 41 00Fax: 011-46-8-782 69 76http://www.ra.se/kra/

Finnish military records from 1810 are at theMilitary Archives of Finland. (Most of the recordsbegin in 1812.) The address for the archives is:

Sota-arkistoPL 26600170 HelsinkiFinlandTelephone: 011-358-9-161 6362Fax: 011-358-9-161 6371

Other Finnish Archives and Libraries

Many genealogical works are deposited in theUniversity of Helsinki Library. The address is:

Helsingin yliopiston kirjastoUnioninkatu 3600170 HelsinkiFinland

An archive that has newspaper clippings fromSwedish-language newspapers from the early1900s to the present, including deathannouncements, emigration information, andindexes, is:

Brages UrklippsverkKaserngatan 2800130 HelsingforsFinland

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Finland has many organized historical andgenealogical societies. Some societies maintainlibraries and archives that collect valuable records.For more information, see the “Societies” sectionof this outline.

United States Archives

The following archives have specialized collectionson Finnish immigration and other records:

Finnish-American Historical ArchivesSuomi College601 Quincy StreetHancock, MI 49930USA

Immigration History Research CenterUniversity of Minnesota826 Berry StreetSt. Paul, MN 55114USA

Lutheran Church in America Archives1100 E. 55th StreetChicago, IL 60615USA

Inventories, Registers, Catalogs

Most archives have catalogs, inventories, andguides that describe their records and how to usethem. If possible, study these guides before youvisit or use the records of an archive so that youcan effectively use your time.

The following publication is a comprehensive listof Finnish archives. It gives names and addressesof the archives and a brief description of theirholdings:

Suomen arkistojen opas: Arkiven i Finland, enhandledning: Guide to Archives Repositories inFinland. Helsinki: Valtion painatuskeskus,1975. (FHL book 948.97 A35v no. 6 1975;computer number 139337.)

A general guide written in English about theFinnish public archives is:

Guide to the Public Archives of Finland. Helsinki:National Archives, 1980. (FHL book 948.97J5g; computer number 40247.)

Helpful guides written in Finnish and Swedishabout the National Archives are:

Kansallisarkisto, asiakkaan opas (The NationalArchives: A Guide). Helsinki: Kansallisarkisto,1994. (FHL book 948.972 J5k; computernumber 826987.)

Riksarkivet, en handledning (The NationalArchives: A Guide). Helsingfors: Riksarkivet,1995. (FHL book 948.972 J5ka; computernumber 826988.)

The following book series contains a guide to theholdings of the National Archives of Finland:

Valtionarkiston yleisluettelo—Översiktskatalog förRiksarkivet (Inventory for the NationalArchives). 4 vols. Helsiniki: Valtioneuvostonkirjapaino, 1956–73.(FHL book 948.97 A35s;computer number 155950.)

The following book contains a guide to theprovincial archives of Finland:

Maakunta-arkistojen opas (Guide to the ProvincialArchives). Helsinki: Valtion painatuskeskus,1976. (FHL book 948.97 A35v no. 2 1976;computer number 139382.)

A guide to the military archives has been publishedin English, Swedish, and Finnish:

Guide to the Military Archives of Finland.Helsinki: The Military Archives, 1977. (FHLbook 948.97 J5ga; computer number 830849.)

Sota-arkiston opas (Guide to the MilitaryArchives). Helsinki: Valtion painatuskeskus,1974. (FHL book 948.97 A35v no.5 1974;computer number 139292.)

Krigsarkivet: en handledning (Guide to theMilitary Archives). Helsingfors: Statenstryckericentral, 1977. (FHL book 948.97 A35vno. 9 1977; computer number 139288.)

These guides are available at the Family HistoryLibrary. They may also be available at your publicor university library or through interlibrary loan.

To find other inventories, guides, catalogs, anddirectories, look in the Locality Search of theFamily History Library Catalog under:

FINLAND - ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIESFINLAND - ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES -

INVENTORIES, REGISTERS, CATALOGS

Computer Networks and Bulletin Boards

Computers with modems can be useful tools forobtaining information from selected archives andlibraries. In a way, computer networks themselvesserve as a library. The Internet, certain computerbulletin boards, and commercial on-line serviceshelp family history researchers:

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` Locate other researchers.

`̀̀̀ Post queries.

` Send and receive e-mail.

` Search large databases.

` Search computer libraries.

` Join in computer chat and lecture sessions.

You can find computerized research tips andinformation about ancestors from Finland in manysources at local, provincial, national, andinternational levels. The list of sources is growingrapidly. Most information is available at no cost.

Some very useful databases and guides for Finlandare available on the Internet. In this outline, youwill find references to sites that contain indexesand transcripts of Finnish church records,emigration records, maps, and research guides. Youcan also find information about addresses andactivities of various societies and archives on theInternet.

General sites that act as an index to manyinteresting Finnish genealogical sites on theInternet include:

` Family History Finland, part of theWorldGenWeb project:http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~finwgw/

` Cyndi’s List for Finland/Suomi:http://www.cyndislist.com/finland.htm

` Family History Library home page:http://www.familysearch.org/

BIOGRAPHY

A biography is a history of a person’s life. In abiography you may find the individual’s birth,marriage, and death information and the names ofhis parents, children, or other family members. Usethe information carefully because there may beinaccuracies.

Many brief biographies have been gathered andpublished in collective biographies, sometimescalled biographical encyclopedias or dictionaries.Usually these only include biographies ofprominent or well-known citizens of a country.Some feature specific groups of people, such asbankers or musicians.

Some significant Finnish biographical collectionsavailable through the Family History Library are:

The Scandinavian Biographical Archives. NewYork: K. G. Saur, 1989. (FHL fiche6060424–31, 6060441–45, 6060452–66;computer number 409520.) The information inthis collection comes from many sources and isin alphabetical order by surname. It also has anindex (FHL book 948 D32s; computer number731014). The second section contains Finnishand Swedish biographical sketches. To findmore specific microfiche numbers for thismaterial, look in the Locality Search of theFamily History Library Catalog under:

FINLAND - BIOGRAPHY

Biographica (Biographies). Salt Lake City: UtahinSukututkimusseuralle kuvannut AB. Rekolid,1952. (FHL film 55735–55767; computernumber 355764.)

Kansallinen elämäkerrasto (BiographicalEncyclopedia of Finland). Porvoo: WSOY,1927–34. (FHL book 948.97 D36k; computernumber 194617.)

Colliander, O. I. Suomen kirkon paimenmuisto(Memorial of the Clergy of Finland). Salt LakeCity: Utah in Sukututkimusseuralle kuvannutAB. Rekolid, 1952. (FHL film 55724–34;computer number 76320.)

The Finnish Historical Society is working on aproject to publish biographical sketches of 6,000Finns. This collection will first be available on theInternet, later on compact disc, and finally in bookform. The biographies that have been completedare in Finnish, but eventually many will also beavailable in English. Following are the addressesfor the trilingual home page for this organizationand for their biographical database, respectively:

http://www.histseura.fi/

You can find collective biographies at the FamilyHistory Library in the Locality Search of theFamily History Library Catalog under:

FINLAND - BIOGRAPHYFINLAND, [COUNTY] - BIOGRAPHYFINLAND, [COUNTY], [TOWN] -

BIOGRAPHY

You may also find some biographical informationin Finnish local history books. See the “History”section of this outline for more information.

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CEMETERIES

If you know the specific area where your ancestorlived, you may contact the local mortuary[hautaustoimisto/begravningsbyrå] for informationabout burials that occurred after the 1920s.

Cemeteries and churchyards keep records of thelocation of graves. Graves are often reused after 25years, and the tombstones are replaced. But thecemetery records generally provide both birth anddeath dates of everyone who has been buried there.

The Family History Library has not microfilmedany Finnish cemetery records, but the library doeshave the yearbooks of the Finnish GenealogicalSociety, which list the gravestones of several oldcemeteries. The yearbooks have a personal nameindex for the first 13 volumes, which cover 1917 to1929 (to find out what parish graveyards areincluded, you must search each volume of theyearbook separately):

Vuosikirja: Årsskrift (Yearbook). Lahti: Kirjapainoja Sanomalehti Oy, [1917]. (FHL book 948.97D25v; computer number 76320.)

CENSUS

General Background

A census is a count and description of thepopulation. In Finland records similar to censusrecords are called henkikirjat/mantalslängder.These records were a type of populationregistration kept for taxation purposes.

Various tax lists were kept from the 1530s on;however, they are not as comprehensive as thehenkikirjat/mantalsängder, which began in 1634.

Another record similar to a census is thecommunion book. For more information, see the“Church Records” section of this outline.

The henkikirjat/mantalslängder precede the earliestchurch records and can frequently be used toextend family lines beyond what is recorded in thechurch records. They also can be used to fill ininformation where the church records have gaps orare missing.

Various age groups were included in the earlyhenkikirjat/mantalslängder:

` 1634–1651: persons over age 12

` 1652–1855: persons between ages 15 and 63

` 1655 on: persons between ages 15 and 63 andheads of households over age 63

Before 1765 some people did not have to registerfor the henkikirjat/mantalslängder because they didnot have to pay the associated taxes:

` From 1640 on, the nobility and their servantsdid not have to register.

` From 1652 on, owners of large estates did nothave to register.

` Soldiers generally did not have to register whilethey served.

` Very poor people did not have to register.

After 1765 the government began to use thehenkikirjat/mantalslängder for statistical purposes;therefore, everyone—including people exemptfrom the taxes—was required to register. Peoplegradually complied.

Using Census Records

Before using original census records, you shouldfirst use the Suomen asutuksen yleisluettelo/Generalregistret över bosättningen i Finland(General Register of Settlement in Finland). Thisregister includes 1539 to 1809. See the “PublicRecords” section of this outline for moreinformation.

The henkikirjat/mantalslängder records are groupedin two time periods:

` 1634–1809

` 1810–1860

All of the records have a similar format, listing thedistricts, parishes, and villages. Within eachvillage, the taxpayers are listed by household. Thehead of the household is listed by name. Othermembers of the household are indicated bynumbers in various columns. In many of the laterrecords, all members of the household are listed byname. Ages are frequently mentioned.

1634–1809

The henkikirjat/mantalslängder for 1634 to 1809are part of the Uudempi tilikirjakokoelma/Nyareräkenskapssamlingen (New Collection ofAccounts). See the “Public Records” section of thisoutline for a description of this source.

You can find these records by looking in theLocality Search of the Family History LibraryCatalog under:

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FINLAND, [COUNTY] - CENSUSFINLAND, [COUNTY] - MILITARY

RECORDSFINLAND, [COUNTY] - PUBLIC RECORDS

The catalog has two sets of records under the sametitle, Uudempi tilikirjakokoelma/Nyareräkenskapssamlingen (New Collection ofAccounts):

` Henkikirjat/mantalslängder. The catalog entryrefers to the year and number of each volume.The catalog entry does not describe the records.

` Other records. Besides the henkikirjat/mantalslängder, this collection also includesother records, such as tithes, general accounts,and so forth. At the beginning of each volume isa list of the contents.

An index to the henkikirjat/mantalslängder isavailable for this time period. It is organized bycivil districts [kihlakunta/härad] and cities andspecifies the page number on which the district orcity begins within each census volume. This indexis:

Luettelo henkikirjamikrofilmien käyttökopioista1634–1808/Förteckning över brukskopior avmikrofilmer av mantalslängder 1634–1808(Inventory of Microfilms of the 1634–1808Censuses). Ed. Matti Walta. 2nd rev. ed.Helsinki: Valtionarkisto, 1989. (FHL book948.97 A33La 1989; barcode 021774.)

1810–1860

To find Finnish henkikirjat/mantalslängder thatwere kept from 1810 to 1860, look in the LocalitySearch of the Family History Library Catalogunder:

FINLAND, [COUNTY] - CENSUS -1810–1860

During this time period, the henkikirjat/mantalslänslängder were only filmed every fiveyears. These films have internal indexes to thedistricts and parishes indicating initial pagenumbers.

CHURCH HISTORY

It is helpful to understand the historical events thatled to the creation of records, such as parishregisters, where your family is listed.

The Swedes brought Christianity to Finland in theform of Roman Catholicism between 1050 or 1150and 1300. Along with religion, the Swedes also

established administration in southwestern Finland,from which it spread north and east.

By the time of the Protestant Reformation, Finlandwas an integral part of the Swedish kingdom. TheLutheran religion became the kingdom’s officialstate church in 1611. When Finland gained itsindependence in 1917, 98 percent of the populationwas Lutheran. In the Family History LibraryCatalog, the Finnish Church [SuomenKirkko/Finska Kyrkan] is listed as the author ofchurch records.

While the Swedes were introducing Christianity inthe west, the Novgorodians, who were from aRussian city-state, converted the eastern Finns toEastern Orthodoxy. The Swedish governmentcontinually contended against the practice ofOrthodoxy, and the Orthodox population remainedvery small.

Historically, the orthodox religion in Finland hasbeen called Greek Catholic [Kreikkalais-katolinen/Grekisk katolsk]. The term GreekCatholic in east central Europe refers to theUniates; however, in Finland it refers to theOrthodox Church of Finland [Suomen ortodoksinenkirkko/Finlands ortodoxa kyrka]. The OrthodoxChurch of Finland also became a state church in1918. Today, 1.5 percent of the Finnish populationbelongs to this church.

Other denominations were tolerated, especiallyfrom the late 1800s on. Methodists, Baptists,Roman Catholics, and other groups were quitesmall in Finland. The earliest records from thesegroups date back to the 1890s. From 1923 on,when a freedom of religion law was passed, peoplewithout a religious preference were recorded in thecivil registry [Siviilirekisteri/Civil registret]. Theserecords are also discussed in the “CivilRegistration” section of this outline.

CHURCH RECORDS

Records of births, marriages, and deaths arecommonly called vital records because criticalevents in a person’s life are recorded in them.Church records are vital records made by parishministers. They are often referred to as parishregisters or churchbooks. They include records ofchristenings and births, marriages, burials anddeaths, and communions. Church records may alsoinclude account books, confirmations, and recordsof people moving in and out of a parish.

In general the Lutheran church began keepingrecords after a 1686 royal decree. Each parishgradually complied with this decree.

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Before the decree some prominent churchmen,including bishop Johannes Rudbeckius in Swedenand bishops Isak Rothovius and Johannes Gezeliusin Finland, promoted record keeping. Hence, someparishes began keeping records earlier. Forexample, Teisko birth records begin in 1648.

Since Finland was a part of the Swedish kingdomin 1686, church records were kept in Swedish.Records were not kept in Finnish until after 1863,when Finnish was made an official language inFinland. The transition from Swedish into Finnishwas gradual, and about 30 Finnish parishes still useSwedish as their primary language. This outlinegives the names of records and institutions in bothlanguages.

Church records [kirkonkirjat/kyrkoböcker] are theprimary sources for accurate information on names;dates; and places of births, marriages, and deaths.Since the state entrusted the church to keep vitalrecords, virtually every person who lived inFinland was recorded in the church records fromthe time the records began.

In Finland, birth, marriage, and death records arecalled history books [historiakirjat/historieböcker], and the communion books arecalled main books [pääkirjat/huvudböcker].

Information Recorded in Church Registers

Information recorded in church books varied overtime. Later records generally give more completeinformation than earlier ones.

No uniform format for church records was used,but the information listed in the various formatswas generally the same.

Births [Syntyneet/Födda] and Baptisms[Kastetut/Döpta]

Children were generally baptized or christenedwithin a few days of birth. Stillbirths weregenerally registered in both the baptism and burialrecords.

Christening registers usually contain:

` Names of the infant and parents.

` The baptism date (later registers also contain thebirth date).

` The child’s legitimacy status.

` Names of godparents and witnesses.

` Father’s occupation.

` The family’s place of residence.

The records may also contain:

` Death information if the child died very young.

` The street name or family’s address if they livedin a larger city.

Earlier registers typically give less information,sometimes including only the names of the childand father and the date of the christening. Until theend of the 1700s many pastors either did notinclude the mother’s name in the birth records orincluded only her given name.

Marriages [Vihityt/Vigda]

Couples were generally married in the bride’shome parish. Typically, people were well into their20s before they married.

Marriage registers generally include:

` Names of the bride and groom.

` Marriage date.

` The residences of the bride and groom beforethe marriage.

` The occupations of the bride and groom.

` Marital status (single or widowed).

` The names and residences of witnesses andpossibly the parents.

` The three dates on which the marriageintentions were announced in addition to themarriage date.

The three dates on which the marriageintentions were announced are often referred toas banns [kuulutetut/förelysta]. They ensuredthat the persons to be married fulfilled all legalconditions for marriage, such as being of age,having parental consent, not being closelyrelated, and widowers and widows havingprobated their former spouses’ estate. Bannsmay also be in a separate register.

Deaths [Kuolleet/Döda] and Burials[Haudatut/Begravna]

Burials were recorded in the parish where theperson died and was buried. Burials usually tookplace within a few days of death.

Burial registers often give the followinginformation:

` Name of the deceased

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` Burial date and death date

` Age of the deceased

` Place of residence

` Cause of death

For the death of a woman or child, earlier burialrecords often list only the husband’s or father’sname and the word for wife or child. They may notgive the name of the deceased.

Burial records may exist for individuals who wereborn before the earliest birth and marriage recordsand can at times extend your research anothergeneration. Stillbirths were generally recorded inboth the christening and burial registers; however,many stillbirths were recorded only in the burialrecords.

Church Records Extracts [Kirkonkirjojenkopiot/Avskrifter av kyrkoböcker]

To preserve the original records, the FinnishGenealogical Society has transcribed Finnishchurch records. These transcriptions are calledchurch record extracts [Kirkonkirjojenkopiot/Avskrifter av kyrkoböcker].

The extracts cover births, marriages, deaths, andsometimes church accounts and moving recordsfrom the earliest records, some beginning in the1600s, to at least 1850.

The extracts are written in modern handwriting andare therefore easier to read than the originalrecords. The information in these records has beenput into columns and contains the basicinformation as in the original records. However,christening extracts do not list the names of thewitnesses, and other random information is also leftout.

The Family History Library Catalog lists theoriginal church records as kirkonkirjat and theextracts separately as kirkonkirjojen kopiot under:

FINLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - CHURCHRECORDS

The extracts of birth records and some marriagerecords have also been extracted and included inthe International Genealogical Index®. You can findalphabetical printouts for many parishes in thecatalog under the heading:

FINLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - CHURCH RECORDS - INDEXES

Confirmation Registers[Rippilapset/Skriftskolebarn; Konfirmationer]

A person’s confirmation, or first communion,generally took place between the ages of 14 and 16.Most parishes kept confirmation records, theearliest dating from the mid 1700s. The recordsfrequently list boys and girls separately by villagesor residences, giving their names and birth dates orages.

Communion Records[Rippikirjat/Kommunionböcker]

The 1686 royal decree required ministers to keeprolls of all their parishioners, where the parishonerslived, their attendance at communion, and theirreligious knowledge. Some communion books goback to the late 1600s. They exist for most parishesfrom the mid 1700s.

Many ministers began making yearly entries foreach household, but with time, ministers beganmaking entries every 5 to 10 years.

Communion records list the inhabitants of a parishby village, farm, and household. The head of thehousehold appears first and other householdmembers next. The records generally list thefollowing information:

` Each person’s name and occupation or his or herrelationship to the head of the household

` Each person’s birth date and birthplace andpossibly marriage date and death date

` The place to or from which a person moved andthe moving dates

` Circumstances such as poverty, illness,illegitimacy, and committed offences

Typically earlier communion records have lessinformation than later ones. Search all availablecommunion books for the place where and timewhen the person lived. Verify all birth, marriage,and death dates in the respective original records.

Preconfirmation Records[Lastenkirjat/Barnböcker]

Pre-confirmation records were kept primarily in theparishes of eastern Finland. Many parishes inwestern Finland also kept them, at least briefly.These records list each residence, the parents, andthe children who had not yet been confirmed(usually all children younger than about age 14).After their confirmation, the children weretransferred into the communion book.

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Moving Records [Muuttaneet/Muuttokirjat;Flyttningslängder/Flyttningsbetyg]

Moving records can help you trace a family as theymoved around Finland. You can find movingrecords in several sources.

Communion Books. Ministers used thecommunion books to note individuals and familieswho moved into or out of the parish.

Moving Certificates. By the late 1700s someparishes began to issue moving certificates[muuttokirjat/flyttningsbetyg] to persons leavingthe parish. These certificates identified the personsto their new minister and were chronologicallyarchived in the new parish.

The certificates usually included the followinginformation about a person:

` Name

` Birth date and birthplace

` Occupation

` Marital status

` Reading ability

` Knowledge of religion

` Worthiness to partake of the communion

` Character reference

` Vaccination information

` Place where the person was registered fortaxation

If a whole family moved, the certificate generallycontained at least the name of each family member.

Arrival and Removal Records. In the 1800sparishes began using special arrival and removalrecords [sisään- ja ulosmuuttaneet; seurakuntaanja seurakunnasta muuttaneet/in- ochutflyttningslängder]. These records, which arefrequently essential to family history research,chronologically list the people who moved into orout of the parish.

The records give the following information about aperson:

` Name

` Occupation

` Parish moved to or from

` Previous or subsequent residence in the parish.In more recent records, the residence isindicated by the page number in the communionbook.

The records sometimes list:

` Age or date of birth

` Religious knowledge

` Character reference

` Gender

Wives and children may not be mentioned byname, only as numbers in a separate column.

Finding Church Records

Church records were kept at the local parishchurch. The term parish [seurakunta/socken;församling] refers to the jurisdiction of a churchminister.

Before you can find church records, you mustknow the name of the parish that kept the recordsabout your ancestor.

The boundaries of a parish may cover manyvillages and farms, which generally have their ownplace-names. If you know a place of origin, use agazetteer to determine whether the name refers to afarm, village, parish, or county. See the“Gazetteers” section of this outline for moreinformation.

For large cities that have several parishes, theFamily History Library Catalog lists the parishesunder the name of the city.

Over time, some parishes have been divided andborders have been changed. The earlier records of aparticular parish may be found in its “mother”(previous) parish. A guide to the divisions of theparishes in Finland is in:

Leinberg, K. G. Finlands territoriala församlingarsålder, utbildning och utgrening intill 1885 årsutgång (Finland’s Territorial Parishes’ Ages,Development, and Branching through the Endof 1885). Helsingfors: SvenskaLiteratursällskapet, 1886. (FHL book 948.97 B4No. 3; film 157159; computer number 186251.)

Records at the Family History Library

The Family History Library has Finnish Lutheranchurch records from the time they begin, in the late1600s or early 1700s, to 1860 and sometimes to1900.

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The Family History Library also has churchrecords from Orthodox parishes in Finlandbeginning in the late 1700s and continuing untilabout 1900 and most of the church records (bothLutheran and Orthodox) from areas that were cededto the Soviet Union in 1944.

To find Finnish church records, look in theLocality Search of the Family History LibraryCatalog under:

FINLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - CHURCHRECORDS

Records Not at the Family History Library

The Family History Library does not have recentchurch records. You can obtain this information bywriting to the local parishes in Finland. If you donot speak Finnish, you may write your letter inEnglish. In your letter, include a statement that youare willing to pay for the services you request. Youwill be billed when the research has beencompleted. A Finnish Letter-Writing Guide(36215) is available through Family HistoryLibrary publications.

For a list of the Lutheran and Orthodox parishes inFinland and their addresses, see:

Kunta- ja rekisterinpitäjäluettelo: Förteckning överkommuner och registerförare (Register of theParishes and Record Keepers). Helsinki:Väestörekisterikeskus, 1981. (FHL book 948.97E4k; computer number 125454.)

You can also find addresses for the Evangelical-Lutheran Churches in Finland on the Internet:

http://www.evl.fi/kkh/y/srkosoit/index.htm

You may also find more information in a largedatabase, the HisKi Project, that is being developedfor the Internet. The database includes indexes andextracts to many Finnish parish records. Recordsfrom additional parishes are added to the databaseas they become available.

The database includes christenings, marriages,burials, and moves. The indexes include records forsome parishes during the period 1860 to 1900, forwhich the Family History Library does notcurrently have all the records.

You can search the indexes for a single parish,several parishes, or by a county or region. To findthe HisKi Project in English, go to the followingInternet address:

http://hiski.genealogia.fi/historia/indexe.htm

Search Strategies

When you begin using church records, it is usuallybest to first verify the information you already havebefore you try to find new information.

The following steps may be helpful as you useFinnish church records:

1. Find a person’s birth record. Write down thename of the parents and the place where thefamily was living.

2. Search the communion records andpreconfirmation rolls, if applicable, of thatparish for the date and place where the familywas then living (several households may havebeen living in the same place). Note allinformation about the family, including names,birth dates, birthplaces, marriage and deathdates, and moving information.

3. Search the original church records to verify theinformation you found in the communion andpreconfirmation books.

4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 for the person’s parents,siblings, or other persons of interest.

If you do not find earlier generations, searchneighboring parishes and the InternationalGenealogical Index.

CIVIL REGISTRATION

Records of births, marriages, and deaths arecommonly referred to as vital records because theyrefer to critical events in a person’s life. Civilregistration is the vital records made by thegovernment. Vital records of Finland havetraditionally been kept by the church. See the“Church Records” section of this outline for moreinformation.

In 1923 a freedom of religion law was passed. As aresult, people who did not have a religiouspreference were recorded in a civil registry[Siviilirekisteri/Civil registret]. Later, people whobelonged to churches other than the state churcheswere also included in the civil registry.

In 1970 the government’s census records[henkikirjat/mantalslängder] became the basis of ageneral population register [Väestörekisteri/Befolkningsregistret] for all people in Finland. Thispopulation register also incorporated theinformation from the earlier civil registry[Siviilirekisteri/Civil registret]. For moreinformation about Finnish censuses, see the“Census Records” section of this outline.

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The Väestörekisteri/Befolkningsregistret has localoffices on a commune (parish) level. The centraloffice has a computerized register that includesinformation on individuals nationwide. The centraloffice can help you find living relatives in Finland.

You can contact the office at:

VäestörekisterikeskusPL 7 (Kellosilta 4)00521 HelsinkiFinlandTelephone: 011-358-9-229 161Fax: 011-358-9-2291 6795http://www.vaestorekisterikeskus.fi/

COURT RECORDS

Court records may contain genealogicalinformation. These records are an account of courtproceedings in deciding property disputes,guardianships, thefts, drunkenness, assaults, ormurders. Court records concerning probate caseswere kept separately. See the “Probate Records”section of this outline for more information.

Court records may give details that bring to lifenames on a chart and that aid in compiling a familyhistory.

To find court records in the Family History LibraryCatalog, look in the Locality Search under:

FINLAND, [COUNTY] - COURT RECORDS

EMIGRATION ANDIMMIGRATION

Emigration and immigration sources list the namesof people leaving (emigrating) or coming into(immigrating) a country. For Finland, emigrationinformation is usually found in passport recordsand passenger lists. The information in theserecords generally includes the emigrants’ names,ages, occupations, and destinations and their placesof origin.

In addition to determining where an emigrant camefrom, emigration and immigration records can helpyou construct family groups. If you do not findyour ancestor, you may find emigrationinformation about your ancestor’s neighbors.People who lived near each other in Finland oftensettled together in their new country.

Records were created when individuals emigratedfrom or immigrated to Finland. Other recordsdocument an ancestor’s arrival in the destinationcountry. This section discusses:

• Finding the emigrant’s town of origin.

• Emigration from Finland.

` Immigration to Finland.` Finnish passport lists.

` Passenger lists (departures).

` The Institute of Migration.

` Records of Finnish emigrants in theirdestination countries.

Finding the Emigrant’s Town of Origin

Once you have traced your family back to anemigrant ancestor, you must determine the city ortown where he or she was from. Finland has nonationwide index prior to 1970. Birth, marriage,and death records were kept locally andchronologically.

Several sources may give your ancestor’s place oforigin. You may be able to learn the town yourancestor came from by talking to older family members. Members of your family or a library mayhave documents that name the city or town such as:

• Birth, marriage, and death certificates.

• Obituaries.

• Journals.

• Photographs.

• Letters.

• Family Bibles.

• Church certificates or records.

• Naturalization applications and petitions.

• Passenger lists.

• Passports.

• Family heirlooms.

Emigration from Finland

Through the years, many Finns have immigrated tomany places—mostly Sweden, Norway, NorthAmerica, Russia, and Australia.

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North America

As early as 1638 Finns and Swedes colonized NewSweden, which was located around the DelawareRiver. Many of these Finns had been living incentral Sweden, and their ancestors had left Finlandduring the 1500s.

From the 1860s onward, an estimated 316,000Finns, primarily from Ostrobothnia, immigrated tothe United States. Most settled in Michigan,especially in the upper peninsula. Many Finns alsosettled in Minnesota, Massachusetts, New York,Ohio, Wisconsin, Illinois, Montana, Washington,Oregon, and California.

From 1860 to 1996 about 92,000 Finns immigratedto Canada, especially Toronto. Finnish immigrationto Canada peaked in the 1920s.

Australia

About 10,000 Finns have immigrated to Australiasince World War II.

Sweden and Norway

Throughout the years, many Finns, includingcolonists, refugees, and laborers, have immigratedto Sweden. Many Swedes, especially during theSwedish Era, have emigrated to Finland as well.Some localities in northern and central Swedenhave had a Finnish population for several centuries.Since World War II, about half a million Finnshave moved to Sweden. An authoritative history ofthe Finns in Sweden is:

Tarkiainen, Kari. Finnarnas Historia i Sverige (TheHistory of the Finns in Sweden). 2 vols.Helsinki: SHS, 1990. (FHL book 948.97 W2t;computer number 617064.)

Many Finns have also moved to northern and east-central Norway. From Norway many of them haveimmigrated to the United States.

Russia

Russia, especially its former capital, St. Petersburg,was a destination for Finnish laborers, officials,and military personnel serving both the RussianEmpire and the Grand Duchy of Finland. At theturn of the century, 36,000 Finns lived in Russia,and 83 percent of them were in the St. Petersburgregion.

Finns living in St. Petersburg were a mobile group,and many of them later returned to Finland. Ahistory of St. Petersburg and the Finns that livedthere is:

Engman, Max. St. Petersburg och Finland,Migration och influens 1702–1917 (St.Petersburg and Finland, Migration andInfluence 1702–1917). Helsingfors: SocietasScientiarum Fennica, 1983. (FHL book 948.97W2en; computer number 382791.)

From the 1820s on, long before the general wave ofFinnish immigration to the United States, hundredsof Finns came to Alaska as representatives of theRussian Empire, making up about one-third of theRussian population there. Among them were thefamilies of government officials, Lutheranclergymen, and many seamen. After 1867 many ofthese Finns became early settlers in California.

Immigration into Finland

After World War I, about 30,000 Russian subjectsimmigrated to Finland, many of whom wereKarelian or Finnish.

In World War II, Finland lost its eastern regions tothe Soviet Union. Nearly half a million peoplewere evacuated from the areas.

The following five-volume set lists most of theevacuated Karelians who resettled in post-warFinland:

Siirtokarjalaisten tie (The Path of the EvacuatedKarelians). 4 vols. Turku: Nyky-Karjala Oy,1970–71. (FHL book 948.97 W2si; films1124548–1124549, computer number 127201.)This work indexes the evacuees by their homeparishes and indicates the place to where theymoved. The index is on film 1124579, item 2.

The evacuees brought most of their church recordswith them. These records are available at theFamily History Library and at the MikkeliProvincial Archives (for the address of the MikkeliArchives, see the “Archives and Libraries” sectionof this outline).

A special project is in progress in the MikkeliProvincial Archives to extract and alphabetize allpersons listed in the Karelian church records fromthe time they begin until 1949. The archive staffdoes not perform genealogical research but canprovide information, such as lists of surnames, fromtheir database for a fee. You can write to thearchives at:

Karjalan tietokantaPL 250101 MikkeliFinland

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Finnish Passport Lists

The Finnish passport lists are the primary sourcefor obtaining the immigrants’ places of origin. Thelists began around 1820 and are available onmicrofilm through 1920. The early lists are not asinformative as the ones from the mid 1800s on.These lists record the passport recipients inchronological order and contain:

` Names.

` Occupations.

` Home parishes.

` Destination countries.

` The number of children included in the passport.

Immigrants could receive a passport in any county.Many received them in the county from which theyembarked, not from their home county.

To find the passport lists in the Family HistoryLibrary Catalog, look in the Locality Search under:

FINLAND, [COUNTY] - EMIGRATION ANDIMMIGRATION

Both county offices [lääninkanslia] and cityoffices [maistraatti] issued passports. The cataloglists the county offices first and the city officessecond.

It is useful to know that in these records the city ofVaasa is often called Nikolainkaupunki/Nikolaistad and abbreviated as N:stad.

Passenger Lists (Departures)

The Finnish Steamship Company [SuomenHöyrylaiva Osakeyhtiö/Finska ÅngfartygsAktiebolaget]

In 1892 the Finnish Steamship Company [SuomenHöyrylaiva Osakeyhtiö/Finska ÅngfartygsAktiebolaget] began to coordinate the travel ofemigrants on several ship lines that left from theport of Hanko/Hangö.

The passenger lists of the Finnish SteamshipCompany are arranged by ship line and year andinclude the following information about emigrants:

` Names

` Ages

` Port of departure

` Destinations

The records seldom indicate the emigrant’s lastresidence in Finland. However, they do use thefarm name as a surname, which can be a clue to thehome parish.

The passenger lists of the Finnish SteamshipCompany have been microfilmed through 1960. Tofind them, look in the Locality Search of theFamily History Library Catalog under:

FINLAND - EMIGRATION ANDIMMIGRATION

Emigration through Other Countries

Finns also traveled through the ports of othercountries, primarily Göteborg, Malmö, andStockholm in Sweden, and Trondheim in Norway.

The Swedish and Norwegian passenger lists wereactually lists kept by the local police of peopleleaving the country. These lists generally include:

` Name.

` Age.

` Destination.

` Last residence (the specific place of residence isgiven about half the time; otherwise, it lists onlyFinland).

Below is a list of the ports and their recordsavailable through the Family History Library. Forcomplete bibliographic information and filmnumbers, please search the Family History LibraryCatalog.

• Göteborg . . . . . . . . Original records 1869–1920Index 1869–1951Index of Finns 1869–84 (FHL film 1043046;

computer number 0391618)

• Malmö . . . . . . . . . . . . Original records 1874–80Index 1874–1939Index of Finns 1879–1916 (FHL film 1613007;

computer number 091474)

• Stockholm . . . . . . . Original records 1869–1904Index 1869–1920Index of Finns 1880–1932 (FHL films

1613015–18; computer number 0062993)

• Trondheim . . . . . . . Original records 1867–1926Index 1867–1925Index of Swedes and Finns 1867–90 (FHL film

1282961 item 3; computer number 0254155)

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The Institute of Migration

The Institute of Migration in Turku, Finland, ispreparing indexes to the following types of records:

• Passport records

• Passenger lists of the Finnish SteamshipCompany

• Emigrant letters

• Death notices of Finns who died abroad

The institute will search the databases for amoderate fee. You can contact the institute at:

Institute of Migration/Emigrant RegisterPiispankatu 320500 TurkuFinlandTelephone: 011-358-2-231 7536Fax: 011-358-2-233 3460

To find a summary of the types of records in thecollection and to check the progress of thedatabase, check the institute’s Web site at:

http://www.migrationinstitute.fi/index.php

The Institute of Migration publishes a quarterlyjournal, Siirtolaisuus (Migration). (FHL book948.97 W2s; computer number 0119994.)

Among the institute’s other publications is abibliography of sources about Finnish emigration:

Koivukangas, Olavi, and Simo Toivonen. SuomenSiirtolaisuuden ja Maassamuuton Bibliografia:A Bibliography of Finnish Emigration andInternal Migration. Turku:Siirtolaisuusinstituutti, 1978. (FHL book 948.97W23k; computer number 0019647.)

National Archives

The National Archives of Finland has theemigration lists that were kept by parish ministersfor statistical purposes for 1882 to 1924. These arenot available at the Family History Library, but youcan obtain the information from them by writing tothe National Archives (see the “Archives andLibraries” section of this outline for the address).

Records of Finnish Emigrants in TheirDestination Countries

Sometimes the best sources for information aboutyour ancestor are found in the country to which heor she immigrated. These sources sometimesprovide the town of origin and other information.

To learn about these records, use handbooks,manuals, and research outlines, if available, for thatcountry.

In U.S. records, especially passenger arrivalrecords, Finns are often listed as being Russian orSwedish because Finland for a time was part of theRussian Empire or because many emigrants wereSwedish-speaking Finns.

The following book gives a history of Finnishimmigration to the United States and Canada andthe names of many early Finnish immigrants:

Ilmonen, S. Amerikan suomalaisten historia (TheHistory of Finnish Americans). 3 vols. Hancock,Mich.: by author, 1919, 1923, and 1926. (FHLbook 973 W2i; computer number 243542.)

A translation to the third volume of this work,along with a comprehensive surname index to thenames mentioned in the volume has also beenmade:

Ilmonen, S. The History of Finnish Americans. Vol.3 of Finnish and Scandinavian MigrationSeries. Translated, edited, and indexed byTimothy Laitila Vincent. Salt Lake City: FamilySleuths, 1998. (FHL book 973 W2i vol. 3;computer number 831035.)

Another book listing the places of origin of manyFinns is:

Vincent, Timothy Laitila. Journal of Pastor JohanWilhelm Eloheimo from the EvangelicalLutheran Parishes from Calmut, Michigan andIronwood, Michigan. Salt Lake City: FamilySleuths, 1998. (FHL book 977.49 K2or;computer number 831029.)

The following record might also be helpful:

The Records of the Russian Consular Offices in theUnited States, 1862–1928. Salt Lake City:Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah,1986. (On 169 FHL films beginning with film1463389; computer number 449311.) Theserecords contain data on subjects of the RussianEmpire, including Finns.

These records are indexed in:

Sack, Sallyann Amdur. The Russian ConsularRecords Index and Catalog. New York:Garland Publishing, 1987. (FHL book 973D22s; film 1605681; computer number453886.)

You can also find more information about findingthe origins of immigrant ancestors in the TracingImmigrant Origins (34111) research outline.

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ENCYCLOPEDIAS ANDDICTIONARIES

Encyclopedias provide information on branches ofknowledge and treat specific topicscomprehensively, usually in articles arrangedalphabetically. They often contain valuablegenealogical information. They can include articlesabout towns and places, prominent people,minorities, and religions. They can also giveinformation about such diverse topics as recordkeeping practices, laws, customs, commerce,costumes, occupations, and archaic terminology.

The Family History Library has general knowledgeencyclopedias in Finnish. They are listed in theFamily History Library Catalog under:

FINLAND - ENCYCLOPEDIAS ANDDICTIONARIES

For information on language dictionaries, see the“Language and Languages” section of this outline.

GAZETTEERS

Gazetteers are dictionaries of place-names.Gazetteers describe towns and villages; parishes,counties, and provinces; rivers and mountains; andother geographical features. They usually includeonly the names of places that existed at the time thegazetteer was published, and the place-names aregenerally listed in alphabetical order. For smallplaces, gazetteers generally include the names of higher government jurisdictions, such as civiloffices, districts, counties, and so forth.

You can also use the Family History LibraryCatalog as a type of gazetteer. If you are using thecatalog on microfiche, look at the beginning of theLocality Section for Finland to find an alphabeticallist of the parish names in both Finnish andSwedish. This list directs you to the county where aparish is located and, consequently, where you willfind it in the catalog.

If you are using the catalog on compact disc, usethe Locality Search or Locality Browse to find theparishes and determine what county they belong to.

The Family History Library Catalog is based on theFinnish counties [lääni/län] as of 1945, but it alsoincludes the ceded county of Viipuri. In addition,the International Genealogical Index includes thetwo counties founded in 1960 (see the “Maps”section of this outline for more information). In1998 the counties were again redrawn.

Early Finnish records, such as the Old and NewCollection of Accounts and military records, wereorganized by the old Finnish provinces [maakunta/landskap], which did not coincide with thecounties with the same names (see the “Maps”section of this outline for more information). Thecatalog lists these records under all pertainingcounties.

Regardless of the names a place may have had atvarious times, all Finnish places are listed in the

Family History Library Catalog as they appear inthe following sources:

Suomenmaa: maantieteellis-yhteiskunnallinentieto- ja hakuteos (Finland: A Geographical-Social Dictionary and Reference Work). 7 vols.Porvoo: WS, 1967–78. (FHL book 948.97 E2s;film 1224704, items 2–9; computer number56190.)

Suomenmaa: maantieteellis-taloudellinen jahistoriallinen tietokirja (Finland: AGeographical-Economical and HistoricalDictionary). Vol. 5. Helsinki: Tietosanakirja-Osakeyhtiö, 1923. (FHL book 948.975 E2s;computer number 766506.) The library has onlythis volume, which describes Viipuri County, ofthe earlier edition of Suomenmaa.

The following source contains an alphabetical listof Finnish parishes, variations of their names, thecounties they belong to, the date the parish recordsstarted, and county maps showing the parishboundaries:

Choquette, Margarita, Lee Choquette, and MatthewRussell. Parish and County Listing with Mapsof Finland. Salt Lake City: Corp. of thePresident, 1991. (FHL book 948.97 E2ch; fiche6068252; computer number 665344.)

The following two postal guides give the mostcomprehensive locality listings for Finland:

Posti- ja lennätinlaitoksen osoitehakemisto: Post-och telegrafverkets adressförteckning (Postaland Telegraph Address Register). Helsinki:Valtion Painatuskeskus, 1968. (FHL book948.97 E4o; film 824098, item 1; computernumber 125450.) This book lists places andwhich parish they belong to, but it does not listwhich county it belongs to.

Räsänen, Oskar. Posti- ja sähkösanomaosoitteidenhakemisto: Uppslagsbok för post- ochtelegramadresser (Guide for Postal andTelegram Addresses). Helsinki:Valtionneuvoston kirjapaino, 1930. (FHL book948.97 E8po; film 1440032, item 1; computernumber 133632.) This postal guide, which was

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printed in 1930, includes localities in the areasceded to the Soviet Union. Note that places thatare now in Lappi/Lappland County are listed inOulu/Uleåborg County at that time.

To find more guides to locating places in Finland,check the Locality Search of the Family HistoryLibrary Catalog under:

FINLAND - GAZETTEERSFINLAND - NAMES, GEOGRAPHICALFINLAND - POSTAL AND SHIPPING

GUIDESFINLAND - [COUNTY] - NAMES,

GEOGRAPHICAL

GENEALOGY

The term genealogy is used in this outline and inthe Family History Library Catalog to describe avariety of records containing family informationgathered by individuals, researchers, societies, orarchives. These records may include pedigreecharts, compiled information on families,correspondence, ancestor lists, research exchangefiles, record abstracts, and collections of original orcopied documents. These records can be excellentsources of information that can save you valuabletime. Because they are compiled from othersources, you must carefully evaluate them foraccuracy.

Major Collections and Databases

The Family History Library has several sourcesthat contain previous research or that can lead youto others who are interested in sharing familyinformation. These sources include:

• International Genealogical Index. This indexprovides names and vital information formillions of deceased persons who lived inFinland, mostly before 1900. This valuableresearch tool lists birth, christening, or marriagedates. The index for Finland includes namesextracted from parish registers by volunteersand names submitted by other researchers.

The International Genealogical Index isavailable on microfiche and on compact disc aspart of FamilySearch®. If you are using themicrofiche, you need to know which county tosearch. If you are using the compact disc,however, the computer will search the entirecountry for any name. The InternationalGenealogical Index includes Finnish countiessince 1960. Because Finland created newcounties in 1945 and 1960 some names mayappear twice—once in the pre-war county and,if resubmitted, once in the new county.

Because of patronymic naming customs, theInternational Genealogical Index indexesFinnish records under both given names andsurnames. On the compact disc edition, you cansearch for either a given name or a surname. Onthe microfiche edition, the surname fiche haveblack-on-white labels. The given name fichehave black-on-orange labels.

When using the Surname Search, it is best tosearch all the surnames a person was known by,such as the patronymic name, farm name, orfamily name. The counties of western Finlandare generally designated as patronymiccountries, which means that the each person isgiven a surname derived from the father’s givenname. The counties of eastern Finland aregenerally designated as fixed-surname counties.It is important to note that persons listed in theInternational Genealogical Index in an easterncounty with a patronymic surname may havebeen incorrectly assigned the father’spatronymic surname by the computer rather thantheir own patronymic name. (See the “Names,Personal” section of this outline for moreinformation about Finnish names.)

• Ancestral File™. This file, part of FamilySearch,contains family history information linked infamily groups and pedigrees that have beencontributed since 1979. As of 1992 the filecontains the names of millions of persons,including thousands of Finnish families.Ancestral File can print pedigree charts, familygroup records, and individual summary sheetsfor people in the file.

• Family Group Records Collection. More thaneight million family group record forms havebeen microfilmed in the Family Group RecordsCollection. This includes many Finnish families.There are two major sections: the ArchiveSection and the Patrons Section. The filmnumbers for both sections are listed in theAuthor/Title Search of the Family HistoryLibrary Catalog under:

FAMILY GROUP RECORDS COLLECTION

Family Histories and Newsletters

Some Finnish families have produced histories ornewsletters that may include genealogicalinformation, biographies, photographs, and otherexcellent information. These histories ornewsletters usually include several generations ofthe family.

The Family History Library has some publishedFinnish family histories and newsletters. These arelisted in the Surname Search of the Family HistoryLibrary Catalog and in the Locality Search of the

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catalog under the place where the family was mostprominent. Not every name found in a familyhistory will be listed in the Family History LibraryCatalog; only the major surnames discussed in thehistory are included in the catalog.

One fairly comprehensive family genealogy is:

Kojonen, Eero. Sursillin suku: GenealogiaSursilliana (The Sursill Family Genealogy).Helsinki: Weilin and Göös, 1971. (FHL book929.24897 Su 78a; film 1224709 item 8;computer number 163780.)

Many Finnish family histories are listed in:

Sivén, Gunnar. Suomalainen sukuhakemisto:Genealogiskt repertorium för Finland(Genealogical Reporatorim for Finland).Helsinki: Frenckellin Kirjapaino, 1943. (FHLbook 948.97 B4s, v.15; computer number153440.)

Mether, Leif. Sukuhakemisto: Släktregister: FamilyIndex. Helsinki: Suomen Sukututkimusseura,1992. (FHL book 948.97 D23me; computernumber 651565.)

The Family History Library has many books on thegenealogies of prominent Finnish families. One ofthese is:

Bergholm, Axel. Sukukirja: Suomen aatelittomiasukuja (Genealogies of Finnish Non-NobleFamilies). 2 vols. Helsinki: Otava, 1984. (FHLbook 948.97 D2su; computer number 660789.)The 1901 edition is on FHL films 396357–8; thecomputer number is 660789.

Family Registers [Perheluettelot/Familjeregister]

The Family History Library has two collections onmicroform that register Finnish families.

One of the collections is on microfilm and wascompiled by Erkki Koivisto, a minister. It includesthe following parishes:

` Kemi, Lappi, 1610–1908. (FHL film 1259704items 2–3; computer number 17975.)

` Kemijärvi, Lappi, 1565–1957. (FHL films1259703–4 item 1; computer number 16124.)

` Kuusamo, Oulu, 1659–1907. (FHL film1259704 item 4, 1259705 items 1–3; computernumber 15039.)

` Posio, Lappi, 1665–1854. (FHL film 1259705item 4, 1259706 item 1; computer number15531.)

` Savukoski, Lappi (including Sodankylä andPelkosenniemi), 1640–1876 (FHL film 1259706item 2; computer number 17265.)

` Tervola, Lappi,1612–1866 (FHL film 1259706items 3–4; computer number 16435.)

` Salla, Lappi, 1620–1968 (FHL film 1259701;computer number 16248.)

This collection uses a numbering system thatallows you to easily follow families for severalgenerations. To find out which years each filmcovers, see the Family History Library Catalog, inwhich family registers are referred to asPerheluettelot.

The other collection of family registers, titledHenkilökortit, is on microfiche and was compiledby O. V. Kankaanranta. This collection lists familygroups alphabetically and includes informationfrom about 1610 to the early 1900s for thefollowing parishes in Vaasa County:

` Halsua (FHL fiche 6060446, 2567–75;computer number 153687)

` Kaustinen (FHL fiche 6060446, 2576–91;computer number 608959)

` Veteli (FHL fiche 6060446, 2592–2600,2614–2627; computer number 608960)

` Perho (FHL fiche 6060446, 2601–13; computernumber 608961)

For the alphabetical breakdown on each fiche ofHenkilökortit, see the Family History LibraryCatalog.

Various historical books, including genealogies,have been published by two societies in Finland:

` Suomen Sukututkimusseura: GenealogiskaSamfundet i Finland (Genealogical Society ofFinland)

` Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland (SwedishLiterature Society in Finland)

See the “Societies” section of this outline for moreinformation about these two societies.

To find genealogical collections and familyhistories listed in the Locality Search of the FamilyHistory Library Catalog, look under:

FINLAND - GENEALOGYFINLAND, [COUNTY] - GENEALOGYFINLAND, [COUNTY], [TOWN] -

GENEALOGY

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If you find your surname in any of the sourcesdescribed in this section, determine whether theentry actually pertains to your family. All personswith the same surname are not necessarily related.Often, you will have to do some original researchbefore you can connect your ancestry to familieslisted in these sources.

HERALDRY

In early times coats of arms were common onlyamong the noble class. Since the Finnish nobilitywas part of the Swedish nobility, most of the coatsof arms for the noble families of Finland can befound in Swedish heraldic sources. They are listed in the Locality Search of the Family HistoryLibrary Catalog under:

SWEDEN - HERALDRY

A Swedish heraldry work that includes Finnishcoats of arms in color is the following five-volumeset:

Stjernstedt, A. W. Sveriges ridderskaps och adelsWapenbok (Swedish Coats of Arms of Knightsand Nobility). 5 vols. Stockholm: Lewertin &Sjöstedt, 1865–79. (FHL book 948.5 D6s;computer number 347912.)

A guide to heraldic terminology in Scandinavia,including Finnish language terms, can be found in:

Raneke, Jan. Nordisk heraldisk terminologi (NordicHeraldic Terminology). Sverige: Svenskanationalkommittén för genealogi och heraldik,1987. (FHL book 948 D6n; computer number469164.)

You can find more information about Scandinavianand Finnish heraldry in articles published in:

Heraldisk Tidsskrift (Heraldic Periodical).København: Societas Heraldical Scandinavica,1960–. (FHL book 948 D65h; computer number53668.)

HISTORY

Effective family research requires someunderstanding of the historical events that mayhave affected your family and the records aboutthem. Learning about wars, governments, laws,migrations, and religious trends may help youunderstand political boundaries, familymovements, and settlement patterns. These eventsmay have led to the creation of records, such asland and military documents that mention yourfamily.

Your ancestors will become more interesting toyou if you also use histories to learn about theevents in which they may have participated. Forexample, by using a history you might learn aboutthe events that occurred in the year your great-grandparents were married.

The area of Finland administered by Swedenspread from the southwest towards the east andnorth. The eastern boarder has fluctuated over time.The various county and parish divisions have alsochanged. Books about Finnish history frequentlycontain maps of these developments. One sourcethat is especially useful for understanding thedevelopment of political, ecclesiastical, judicial,and military jurisdictions is:

Jutikkala, Eino. Suomen historian kartasto: Atlas ofFinnish History. Porvoo: Werner SöderströmOsakeyhtiö (WSOY), 1949. (FHL book 948.97E3j; film 157159; computer number 194142.)

An informative overview of the use and availabilityof historical and archival sources in Finland is:

Suomen historian asiakirjalähteet (DocumentarySources of Finland’s History). Helsinki:Kansallisarkisto WSOY, 1994. (FHL book948.97 H2sha; computer number 827747.)

Some key dates and events in the history of Finlandare:

1050 or1150– The Swedes engaged in Christian 1300 crusades to Finland.

1300 The Turku Cathedral was dedicated.

1350 The black plague occurred.

1397– The Kalmar Union united Denmark, 1521 Norway, and Sweden under one ruler.

1523 Gustav Vasa was crowned king of Sweden.

1527 The Diet of Västerås proposed changingthe official religion from Catholicism toLutheranism.

1530s The government began keeping continuoustax records.

1548 Mikael Agricola’s translation of the NewTestament in Finnish was published.

1569 Titles of nobility were made hereditary inSweden-Finland.

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1570 The Älvsborg Ransom was issued,resulting in the silver tax (see the“Taxation” section of this outline for moreinformation).

1570s Finnish migration to central Sweden began.

1593 Meeting of clergy in Uppsala adoptedLutheranism over Catholicism.

1611– Gustav II Adolf reigned as king of Sweden. 32

1626 The government decreed that provincialmilitary regiments were to be established.These regiments supported Swedishinvolvement in the Thirty Years’ War.

1640 Åbo Academy (university in Turku) wasfounded.

1642 The Bible was published in Finnish.

1686 A church law prescribed that parishesshould begin keeping records.

1700– The Great Nordic War involved Sweden- 21 Finland and Russia.

1734 A new common law was established toinstigate estate inventories (probates).

1753 Sweden-Finland made the transition fromthe Julian to the Gregorian calendar.

1808– The Finnish War. Sweden lost Finland to 09 Russia.

1809 At the Diet of Porvoo, Finland was grantedautonomy within the Russian Empire.

1812 “Old Finland” (Viipuri County) was joinedto Finland. The capital moved from Turkuto Helsinki.

1835 Kalevala, the Finnish national epic, waspublished. It contributed to the rise ofFinnish nationalism.

1863 Finnish was proclaimed equal to Swedishas the official language.

1901 The Finnish army was abolished. Finnswere to join the Russian army.

1906 Women were given right to vote.

1917 Finland declared its independence fromRussia.

1918 Finnish socialists and nonsocialists foughta civil war.

1920 A law decreed that fixed surnames weremandatory.

1939– Finland fought the Winter War against the 40 Soviet Union.

1941– Finland fought the Continuation War against 44 the Soviet Union.

1944 Finland fought the Lapland War against Germany. 1995 Finland joined the European Union.

The following are only a few of the many historicalsources that are available at the Family HistoryLibrary. Books with film numbers can be orderedthrough local Family History Centers. Some maybe found in major research libraries.

Jutikkala, Eino, and Kauko Pirinen. A History ofFinland. Espoo: Weilin & Göös, 1984. (FHLbook 948.97 H2juti; computer number 430487.)

Juva, Einar W. Suomen kansan historia (A Historyof the Finnish People). 5 vols. Helsinki: Otava,1964–67. (FHL book 948.97 H2ju; computernumber 160578.)

Finlands historia (Finland’s History). 3 vols. Esbo:Schildts, 1992–96. (FHL book 948.97 H2fi;computer number 768001.)

Local Histories

Some of the most valuable sources for familyhistory research are local histories. They describethe settlement of the area and the founding ofchurches, schools, and businesses. You can alsofind information about locally prominent peopleand lists of farm owners. Even if your ancestor isnot mentioned, you may find information on otherrelatives that can provide important clues forlocating the him or her. A local history may alsosuggest other records to search.

In addition, you can study and enjoy local historiesfor the background information they can provideabout your ancestor’s lifestyle, community, andenvironment.

The Family History Library has some localhistories for towns and parishes in Finland. Similarhistories are often available at major public anduniversity libraries and archives as well. To findgeneral and local histories, look in the LocalitySearch of the Family History Library Catalogunder:

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FINLAND - HISTORYFINLAND, [COUNTY] - HISTORYFINLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH] -

HISTORY

To find bibliographies that list works about Finnishhistory, check under:

FINLAND - BIBLIOGRAPHYFINLAND - HISTORY - BIBLIOGRAPHY

Calendar Changes

The Gregorian calendar is the calendar commonlyused today. It is a correction of the Julian calendarthat had been used since A.D. 46. Because leapyears had been miscalculated in the Julian calendar,by 1582 the calendar was 10 days behind the solaryear.

In Finland the last day of the Julian calendar was17 February 1753. At that time, 11 days wereomitted to bring the calendar in line with the solaryear. The day after 17 February 1753 became 1March 1753.

When you are looking for information about Finnswho spent time in Russia after 1753, remember thatRussia continued using the Julian calendar untilafter the revolution in 1917.

LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES

Since Finnish was not an official language inFinland until 1863, most records were written inSwedish. To do research in these records, you willneed to know some Swedish and Finnish key wordsand phrases. Also, remember that Orthodox churchrecords were written in Russian until after Finnishindependence. Recently the Same language(Lappish) has also become an official language inFinland.

When you are looking up names or words inFinnish dictionaries or indexes, it is important toknow that the Finnish alphabet has three letters thatfollow the letter z: å, ä, and ö. The letter å does notoccur in native Finnish words, but many personaland geographical names of Swedish origin use thisletter.

Language Aids

The Family History Library has published theFinnish Genealogical Word List (35815) and theSwedish Genealogical Word List (31028) to helpyou in your research.

The following language dictionaries can also helpyou in your research. You can find these andsimilar material at many research libraries:

Alanne, V. S. Suomalais-englantilainensuursanakirja (Great Finnish-EnglishDictionary). 3rd ed. Porvoo: WernerSöderström Osakeyhtiö, 1968. (FHL film1224706 item 3; computer number 256608.)

Björkman, C. G. Svensk-Engelsk Ordbok (Swedish-English Dictionary). Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt,1889. (FHL film 1224734 item 1; computernumber 661976.) Swedish spelling wasreformed in 1906; therefore, this book includeswords as they were spelled prior to 1906.

Ernolv, Carl. Svensk-Engelsk Ordbok (Swedish-English Dictionary). Stockholm: SvenskaBokförlaget Norstedts, 1947. (FHL film1124531 item 12; computer number 203885.)

To find other language aids in the Locality Searchof the Family History Library Catalog, look under:

FINLAND - LANGUAGE ANDLANGUAGES - DICTIONARIES

SWEDEN - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES- DICTIONARIES

You may also find language aids in the SubjectSearch under:

FINNISH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES -ENGLISH

SWEDISH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES -ENGLISH

MAPS

Maps are an important source in locating the placesyour ancestors lived. They help you see theneighboring towns and geographic features of thearea your ancestor came from. Maps locate places,parishes, geographical features, transportationroutes, and proximity to other towns. Historicalmaps are especially useful for understandingboundary changes.

Maps are published individually or as atlases. Anatlas is a bound collection of maps. Maps may alsobe included in gazetteers, guidebooks, localhistories, and other history texts.

Different types of maps can help you in differentways. Historical atlases describe the growth anddevelopment of countries. They show boundaries,migration routes, settlement patterns, militarycampaigns, and other historical information. Roadatlases are useful because of the detail theyprovide. Other types of maps include parish maps,county atlases, and topographical maps. City street-maps are extremely helpful when researching inlarge cities such as Helsinki, Tampere, and Turku.

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Using Maps

Use maps carefully for the following reasons:

• Several places often have the same name. Forexample, two parishes are called Pyhäjärvi inpresent-day Finland and a third one used to be inthe former Viipuri County.

• Many place-names have both Finnish andSwedish names. For example, the same city iscalled Turku in Finnish and Åbo in Swedish.The names and spellings of some places mayhave changed since your ancestors lived there.For example, the city currently known as Loviisawas previously known as Degerby.

• Place-names are often misspelled in Americansources. Difficult names may have beenshortened and important diacritical marksomitted.

• Political boundaries are not clearly indicated onall maps.

Finding the Specific Place on the Map

To do successful research in Finland, you mustidentify the place your ancestor lived. Becausemany places have the same name, you may needsome additional information before you can locatethe correct place on a map. You will be moresuccessful if you have some information about theplace. Before using a map, search gazetteers,histories, family records, and other sources to learnall you can about:

• The county [lääni/län] your ancestor came from.

• The parish [seurakunta/socken, församling]where your ancestor was baptized or married.

• Towns where related ancestors lived.

• The size of the town.

• The occupation of your ancestor or his or herrelatives. (This may indicate the size orindustries of the town.)

` Nearby localities, such as large cities.

• Nearby features, such as rivers and mountains.

• Industries in the area.

• Other names the town was called.

Parish boundary maps can also be helpful whendetermining which parish church records to search.They can help you identify neighboring parishes if

you need to search through the various parishes ina given region.

Finding Maps and Atlases

Collections of maps and atlases are available atmany historical societies and public and universitylibraries. The Family History Library has severalexcellent Finnish maps and atlases. These are listedin the Locality Search of the Family HistoryLibrary Catalog under:

FINLAND - MAPSFINLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH/CITY] -

MAPS

The following map is useful for genealogistsbecause it shows many of the smaller localities:

Suomi yleiskartta: Finland Generalkarta (FinlandGeneral Map). Helsinki: Maanmittaushallitus,1950. (FHL book 948.97 E7su; computernumber 216785.) This map has been publishedin several editions. The prewar editions includedthe areas ceded to the Soviet Union. The variouseditions of this map show the location of manyfarms. The text is quite small, and no localityindexes are available. Some of these editions areavailable at the Family History Library and maybe available at public libraries.

Other helpful atlases and maps at the FamilyHistory Library are:

Choquette, Margarita, Lee Choquette, and MatthewRussell. Parish and County Listing with Maps ofFinland. Salt Lake City: Corp. of the President,1991. (FHL book 948.97 E2ch; fiche 6068252;computer number 665344.)

Fennia: Suuri Suomi-Kartasto: Kartverk överFinland: Finland in Maps: Finnischer Atlas.Helsinki: W+G, 1979. (FHL book 948.97 E7f;computer number 19618.)

An excellent national historical atlas is:

Jutikkala, Eino. Suomen historian kartasto: Atlas ofFinnish History. Porvoo: Werner SöderströmOsakeyhtiö (WSOY), 1949. (FHL book 948.97E3j; film 157159; computer number 194142.)

One atlas that has reference information in separatevolumes in Finnish, Swedish, and English andincludes several maps is:

Suomen kartasto, 1925: Atlas of Finland, 1925:Atlas över Finland, 1925. Helsinki: Otava,1925–29. (FHL book 948.97 E7s; computernumber 146834.)

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You can purchase maps of Finland from:

KarttakeskusUnioninkatu 3200100 HelsinkiFinland

The National Land Survey of Finland (NLS) isresponsible for Finland’s cadastral system andother mapping assignments. The first systematicsurvey of Finland was conducted in 1633. The NLShas 21 district offices and seven national operationsand has detailed information and map surveysshowing property boundaries. You can

find some of their maps and their address on theInternet at:

http://www.nls.fi/laitos_e.html

MERCHANT MARINE

Merchant marines are sailors who work oncommercial ships. Finland had a large merchantmarine enterprise that traveled and tradedworldwide.

Among the records of the Finnish merchant marineare:

` Records of the navigational schools[merenkulkukoulu/navigationsskola].

` Records of the sailors’ houses[merimieshuone/sjömanshus].

The sailors’ houses recruited and registeredsailors. They made crew assignments for eachship and recorded the ships’ crews as theyembarked and disembarked. These recordscontain individual names, birth dates,birthplaces, marital status, position on the ship,salary, and previous ship assignments, with someports listed for each journey.

` Records of Finnish Lutheran churches or sailors’houses in foreign ports.

Since there were many Finnish merchant marines,these records are a valuable source for researchers.To find them, look in the Locality Search of theFamily History Library Catalog under Finland andthe main port cities:

FINLAND - MERCHANT MARINEFINLAND, [COUNTY], [CITY] - MERCHANT

MARINEFINLAND, [COUNTY], [CITY] - BUSINESS

RECORDS AND COMMERCEFINLAND, [COUNTY], [CITY] -

OCCUPATIONS

FINLAND, [COUNTY], [CITY] - SCHOOLSFINLAND, [COUNTY], [CITY] - TOWN

RECORDS

MILITARY RECORDS

Military records identify individuals who served inthe military or who were eligible for service. Mostyoung men in Finland were required to serve in orregister for military service at various times.Evidence that an ancestor served may be found infamily records, biographies, censuses, probaterecords, civil registration, or church records.

Finland has had a standing army since the sixteenthcentury. Military records give information about asoldier’s military career, such as promotions,places served, pensions, and conduct. In addition,these records usually include information about hisage, region of birth, residence, enlistment anddischarge dates, and physical description.However, many military records in Finland providevery few details about individuals other thanofficers.

The military records you may find include:

• Muster rolls.

• Lists of officers.

• Pay records.

• Pension records.

• Naval records.

The Family History Library’s main collection ofFinnish military records is from the Swedish Era(before 1809), when Finland was part of theSwedish realm. The military records for the periodsof Finnish autonomy and independence areavailable only through the Military Archives ofFinland. See the “Archives and Libraries” sectionof this outline for the address.

To determine to which company and regiment asoldier in a given parish belonged during theSwedish Era, you can use a map found in thefollowing book:

Jutikkala, Eino. Suomen historian kartasto: Atlas ofFinnish History. Porvoo: Werner SöderströmOsakeyhtiö (WSOY), 1949. (FHL book 948.97E3j; film 157159; computer number 194142.)Pages 42–43 contain the map.

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For information about the Finnish military and theFinnish regimental muster rolls that were keptduring the Swedish period, search the FamilyHistory Library Catalog under:

FINLAND - MILITARY RECORDS

In the catalog, the Finnish regiments are listed bytheir Swedish names. For example, the catalog liststhe Viipuri County Infantry Regiment as SverigeFörsvarsdepartamentet (Viborgs länsInfanteriregiment).

You can find other military records in the NewCollection of Accounts for each county (see the“Public Records” section of this outline for moreinformation).

NAMES, PERSONAL

Understanding surnames and given names can helpyou find and identify your ancestors ingenealogical records.

In Finnish genealogical research, researchingpeople with a common surname is not alwaysproductive because people often changed theirsurnames when they moved or for other reasons.

In the beginning of the 1900s as Finnishnationalism grew, many Swedish and other foreignsounding names were changed to Finnish names.For example Forsman became Koskimies andWidbom became Pajula. These could be directtranslations, partial translations, or completelydifferent names.

A law requiring permanent surnames for all Finnishcitizens was passed in 1920.

Surnames

Before record keeping began, most people had onlyone name, such as Johan. As the populationincreased, it became necessary to distinguishbetween individuals with the same name. Theproblem was usually solved by adding descriptiveinformation. Johan became Johan the smith, Johanthe son of Matts, or Johan from a given farm. Atfirst, such “surnames” applied only to one personand not to the whole family. After a fewgenerations, these names sometimes becamehereditary and were used from father to son. Beforethe twentieth century, women in Finland generallydid not assume the husband’s surname at marriage.

Eastern and western Finland have different namingtraditions. Both naming customs date back to theearliest written sources. There was frequent overlapof these practices in both areas.

Finnish birth records did not generally list asurname for newborn infants, but instead, listed afirst name. In creating a surname standard for theInternational Genealogical Index, the FamilyHistory Library assigns the surnames strictly bywhether a parish is classified as a patronymicparish (western) or a set surname parish (eastern).Without knowing which way a parish wasclassified, it is best to try all known possiblevariations, such as patronymic, farm names, andfixed surnames, when searching the InternationalGenealogical Index.

All Finns had patronymic names. If they also had afarm name or a family surname, the patronymicname may or may not have been written out. Thesame person may have used a patronymic name inone record and a farm or family surname in anotherrecord.

Following is a brief description of various types ofFinnish surnames according to geographic (east-west) distributions:

` Western Finland (Ahvenanmaa, Häme, Kymi,Turku-Pori, Uusimaa, and Vaasa Counties withthe exception of certain parishes). Surnameschanged from generation to generation accordingto the Scandinavian patronymic naming customsused in Sweden.

` Eastern Finland (Kuopio, Lappi, Mikkeli, Oulu,and Viipuri Counties with the exception ofcertain parishes). Surnames did not change fromgeneration to generation.

Surnames in Western Finland

Two types of surnames were common in westernFinland: patronymic and farm names. A farm namecould be used in additional to a patronymic name.

Patronymic Surnames. Patronymic surnames werecommon throughout Finland, but most people inwestern Finland used only a patronymic surname.

Patronymic surnames are based on the father’sgiven name. Swedish patronymics end with -son(son) or -dotter (daughter). For instance, Lars, sonof Anders, was named Lars Andersson, and Maria,daughter of Anders, was named MariaAndersdotter.

Although church records used the Swedish form ofthe names, Finnish genealogists often convert themto their Finnish equivalents. Patronymic names inFinnish end with -poika (son) or -tytär (daughter).For example Lars Andersson is Lauri Antinpoikaand Maria Andersdotter is Maria Antintytär inFinnish.

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In cases of illegitimacy, a child’s surname might bebased on the mother’s given name. For example,Henrik Mariasson would be the son of a Maria.

In the late nineteenth century, patronymicsurnames became fixed. In other words, they nolonger changed with each generation. As namesbecame fixed, brothers could take differentsurnames. One may have taken his own patronymicname, while another may have taken his father’spatronymic name. For example, brothers namedSven and Pär could be listed with differentsurnames. If their father was Lars Andersson, oneson might be listed as Sven Andersson (from hisfather’s patronymic) and the other son as PärLarsen (from his own patronymic).

Farm Names. Farm names were often used likesurnames, but they referred to a person’s place ofresidence. Thus a person called Juho (Johan)Koskiniemi lived at a place called Koskiniemi. Ifhe moved, he would use the name of the new farmas a surname. During the late nineteenth or earlytwentieth century, farm names often became fixedfamily surnames.

Surnames in Eastern Finland

Family Names. The surnames used in easternFinland are family surnames, which means thatthey were used in a family from generation togeneration. They represent some of the earliestfamily surnames of Europe and most of themindicate relationship or common origin, althoughthis cannot always be proved because of fewsources.

Family surnames have certain types of endings:-nen or -ainen/-äinen. For example, Huuskonenand Liimatainen are family surnames. In earlierrecords, these names were found with otherendings, such as Huuskoin and Liimatain. Earlyrecords also used a feminine variation: -tar. Forexample, Huuskotar and Liimatar both have thefeminine ending.

Nature. Other types of surnames used in easternFinland refer to nature. Such surnames includeKurki (crane), Orava (squirrel), and Repo (fox).

Farm Names. Farm names were also used ineastern Finland. Here they developed intopermanent family surnames and did not change as afamily moved. These names often end in -la/-lä or-lainen/-läinen. Examples of these names includeHeikkilä (Heikki’s farm) and Haapalainen (place ofaspens).

Soldier Surnames

When a soldier enlisted in the army, he was given anew surname. This name stayed with him as longas he served in the military. Often a certain namewas associated with the soldier’s cottage, and eachnew soldier assigned to that cottage received thesame name. Soldier names pertained only to thesoldier himself and not to his family ordescendants. After the mid-nineteenth century,however, these names frequently becamepermanent family surnames.

The Swedish military used soldier names todistinguish persons with common patronymicnames, such as Johansson and Mattsson. Thesoldier names were usually short, descriptive, andderived from Swedish: examples are Stål (steel),Glad (happy), Kämpe (fighter), Dufva (dove).However, in the mid-1800s Finnish languagesoldier names also became popular; examples areKuula (canon ball, bullet), Luoti (bullet), Saari(island).

Other Types of Surnames

Besides using patronymic names, both the nobilityand clergy used additional, inherited surnames.Nobility surnames are unique family surnames,generally given at the time of ennoblement. Theclergy often assumed surnames with the Latinizedending -ius, such as Alcenius and Rothovius.

In the 1800s artisans and urban tradesmen began touse their occupations as surnames in either theirFinnish or Swedish versions. Examples of thesenames are Nikkari or Snickare (carpenter) andMylläri or Möllare (miller). They also tookSwedish compound names, such as Söderqvist,Sjöberg, and Lindholm.

Given Names

Many Finnish given names are derived fromBiblical names, such as Taavetti (David), or thenames of saints, such as Yrjö (George). Names can also be of ancient Finnish origin, (such as Ilmari orTuulikki), or Swedish origin, (such as Sten orKnut).

When baptized, children were usually given one ortwo given names. It was customary to name theoldest child after the paternal grandparents, thesecond child after the maternal grandparents, thethird after the parents, and subsequent childrenafter godparents or other relatives. If a child diedyoung, it was also common to name the next childof the same gender with the same name.

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An authoritative reference book about given namesand surnames is:

Vilkuna, Kustaa. Suomalainen nimikirja (FinnishName Book). Helsinki: Otava, 1984. (FHL book948.97 G2s v.6; computer number 366726.)

You can find more sources about names in theLocality Search of the Family History LibraryCatalog under:

FINLAND - NAMES, PERSONAL

NOBILITY

If your research indicates that your ancestor was ofnobility, additional records, such as published genealogies of noble families, will be helpful.Some important sources for Finnish nobilityresearch are:

Finlands ridderskaps och adels kalender (Calendarof Finnish Nobility). Hesingfors: FrenckellskaTryckeri AB Förlag, 1858–. (FHL book 948.97D25f; film 1440049–55; computer number178071.)

Ramsay, Jully. Frälsesläkter i Finland intill Storaofreden (Nobility in Finland until the GreatUnrest). Helsingfors: Söderström, 1909. (FHLbook 948.97 D2r; film 1224730 item 11;computer number 147006.)

Carpelan, Tor. Ättartavlor för de på FinlandsRiddarhus inskrivna ätterna (GenealogiesRecorded at the Finnish House of Nobility). 4vols. Helsingfors: Frenckellska TryckeriAktiebolagets Förlag, 1954–66. (FHL book948.97 D22ca; computer number 159850.)

Carpelan, Tor. Ättartavlor för de på FinlandsRiddarhus inskrivna efter 1809 adlade,naturaliserade eller adopterade ätterna(Genealogies Recorded at the Finnish House ofNobility Recognized after 1809). Helsingfors:Frenckellska Tryckeri Aktiebolagets Förlag,1942. (FHL book 948.97 D22c; computernumber 159834.)

Aminoff, Torsten G., ed. Gentes Finlandiae(Nobility of Finland). Helsingfors: FrenckellskaTryckeri Aktiebolagets Förlag, 1966–. (FHLbook 948.97 B4gf; computer number 186014.)

Since the Finnish nobility was part of the Swedishnobility, most Swedish nobility books also includeFinnish nobility. To find these books, look in theLocality Search of the Family History LibraryCatalog under:

FINLAND - NOBILITYFINLAND, [COUNTY] - NOBILITYSWEDEN - NOBILITY

A Swedish nobility collection that includes manyFinnish noble families is:

Elgenstierna, Gustaf. Den introducerade svenskaadelns ättartavlor: med tillägg och rättelser(Genealogy of the Introduced Nobility ofSweden). Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & SönersFörlag, 1925–36. (FHL book 948.5 D5e; films1440192–5; computer number 150277.)

An organization for the preservation of Finnishnobility is:

Suomen Ritarihuone (Finnish House of Nobility)Unioninkatu 3600170 HelsinkiFinland

OCCUPATIONS

Occupations were a measure of social status. Sometrades were viewed as more prestigious than others.Many tradesmen, such as butchers, tanners,shoemakers, tailors, and others, were organizedinto guilds. The purpose of a guild was to trainapprentices and regulate the practice of the trade inan area.

Guilds were usually established in each city. Therecords of these guilds contain lists of members,information on journeymen practicing in the town,marriages of journeymen, and advancements fromapprentice to journeyman and from journeyman tomaster craftsman. In addition, contracts betweenmasters and parents of apprentices may beincluded.

These records are usually found in the provincialarchives. The Family History Library has collectedrecords of some guilds in Finland. It also has bookswith biographical information about variousoccupations and other occupational records. Tofind them, look in in the Locality Search of theFamily History Library Catalog under:

FINLAND - OCCUPATIONSFINLAND, [COUNTY] - OCCUPATIONSFINLAND, [COUNTY], [TOWN] -

OCCUPATIONS

PERIODICALS

Most genealogical and historical societies inFinland publish magazines and newsletters. Thearticles often include:

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• Family genealogies and pedigrees.

• Transcripts of church records and migration lists.

• Helpful articles on research methodology.

• Information about local records, archives, andservices.

• Book advertisements and book reviews.

• Research advertisements.

• Requests for information about specificancestors.

The Family History Library has the followingFinnish genealogical periodicals:

Genos: Suomen Sukututkimusseuranaikakauskirja/Genos: tidskrift utgiven avGenealogiska Samfundet i Finland (Genealogy:Periodical Published by the GenealogicalSociety in Finland). Helsinki: 1930–. (FHL book948.97 D25g; computer number 160862.)

Sukutieto: datateknik (Computer Technique).Helsinki: Sukutietotekniikka ry, 1982–. (FHLbook 948.97 D25sd; computer number 437874.)

Sukuviesti: sukumme eilen ja tänään,sukuyhteisöjen yhteyslehti (Genealogical News:Our Family Yesterday and Today, Newsletter forthe United Genealogical Societies). Espoo: SYT,1978–. (FHL book 948.97 D25s; computernumber 133740.)

Obtaining Periodicals

Copies of periodicals are available from the localsocieties that publish them. Major archives withgenealogical collections have copies of manyperiodicals, particularly those representing the areathey serve.

The Family History Library subscribes to manyperiodicals. If you know the title of a periodical,use the Author/Title Search of the Family HistoryLibrary Catalog. If you do not know the title, lookin the Locality Search under:

FINLAND - PERIODICALSFINLAND - GENEALOGY - PERIODICALSFINLAND, [COUNTY] - PERIODICALSFINLAND, [COUNTY] - GENEALOGY -

PERIODICALS

See also the “Societies” section of this outline formore information.

PROBATE RECORDS

Probate records are court records that describe thedistribution of a person’s estate after his or herdeath. Information includes the name of thedeceased person, death date, names of heirs andguardians, relationships, residences, an inventoryand appraisal of the estate, a list of the deceased’sdebts, and names of assessors.

These records are very helpful for research as theyestablish relationships that may be hard to prove inother ways because of patronymic names.

Because laws determined which heirs got whatpercentage of an estate, it was often not necessaryto write wills; consequently, usually only the upperclasses wrote them.

The Probate Process

After a person died, two appraisers usually visitedthe house and made an inventory and appraisal ofthe property. In addition, creditors listed theirclaims against the estate. A probate official thendeducted the debts and court fees from the assets. Ifmoney was left over, it was divided up among theheirs. The widow usually received half of theestate. The remainder was divided equally amongthe children. Boys were allotted double the girls’portion.

Because this process was so well defined, recordswere not always kept. Probate cases that wererecorded usually involved minor children orchildren from more than one marriage. To ensurethat these heirs would be justly treated, guardianswere appointed to represent the underage childrenand any unmarried female heirs. The law waschanged in the mid-1860s to allow women torepresent themselves.

Many people, when they became too old tocontinue working, often took care of their propertyand estate before they died so they would have careduring their older years.

Availability of Probate Records

The keeping of wills and estate papers usually datefrom the mid-eighteenth century. Probateproceedings were held from 1734 on.

District probate courts [kihlakunnanoikeus/häradsrätt] oversaw the process and kept therecords. You may find probate records in thesecourt records. You may also find probate recordsamong the church records of many parishes. Theserecords, listed as perunkirjat, are duplicates of thedistrict court records. To find out which district

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court a particular parish belonged to, use the mapon page 34 of the following book:

Jutikkala, Eino. Suomen historian kartasto: Atlas ofFinnish History. Porvoo: Werner SöderströmOsakeyhtiö (WSOY), 1949. (FHL book 948.97E3j or FHL film 157159; computer number194142.)

The Family History Library has a substantialcollection of Finnish probate records. They arelisted in the Locality Search of the Family HistoryLibrary Catalog under:

FINLAND, [COUNTY] - PROBATERECORDS

FINLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH] -PROBATE RECORDS

FINLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - CHURCHRECORDS

PUBLIC RECORDS

In the Family History Library Catalog, the topicPublic Records includes other miscellaneous civilrecords that could not be listed under a morespecific topic.

Most public records in Finland were kept by civilauthorities and by the clergy (especially in the1500s) for tax-collection purposes.

The Old and New Collections of Accounts

The major collections of Finnish public recordsare:

` The Old Collection of Accounts [Vanhempitilikirjakokoelma/Äldre räkenskapssamlingen]1531–1634.

` The New Collection of Accounts [Uudempitilikirjakokoelma/Nyare räkenskapssamlingen]1635–1809.

These, like other Finnish public records, werecreated primarily for tax-collection purposes. Theyinclude land and tenant records, census records,military records, estate tax and rental records,bailiff accounts, lists of fines, and many otherjudicial documents.

These records were not kept uniformly throughoutFinland, and in the early years the counties andparishes were not equivalent to the moderndivisions.

Old Collection of Accounts, 1531–1634

The Old Collection of Accounts is listed in theLocality Search of the Family History LibraryCatalog under:

FINLAND - PUBLIC RECORDSFINLAND, [COUNTY] - PUBLIC RECORDS

The catalog entry follows this pattern:

` A list of contents [sisällysluettelo] for eachprovince appears first.

` General records [yleisiä asiakirjoja] for theentire country are listed next.

` Annual records for each province are listed last.

New Collection of Accounts, 1635–1809

The Locality Section of the Family History LibraryCatalog lists two sets of records as the NewCollection of Accounts [Uudempitilikirjakokoelma/Nyare räkenskapssamlingen].

` The first set includes census records[henkikirjat/mantalsländer] and can be found inthe Locality Search of the Family HistoryLibrary Catalog under:

FINLAND, [COUNTY] - CENSUSFINLAND, [COUNTY] - MILITARY

RECORDSFINLAND, [COUNTY] - PUBLIC RECORDS

This first set of records is listed only by year andvolume number. For more information, see the“Census Records” section of this outline.

` The second set of records is listed by recordtype, followed by the year and volume number.It is found in the Locality Search of the FamilyHistory Library Catalog under:

FINLAND - CENSUSFINLAND - MILITARY RECORDSFINLAND - PUBLIC RECORDSFINLAND, [COUNTY] - MILITARY

RECORDS

Suomen asutuksen yleisluettelo (SAY)

To make genealogical information from the earliestwritten sources in Finland accessible, a project wasundertaken that has become known as Suomenasutuksen yleisluettelo/Generalregistret överbosättningen i Finland (SAY) (The GeneralRegister of Settlement in Finland).

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This register does not include all of Finland, but itdoes include most of southwestern Finland. It wascompiled over several decades by various people;consequently, the format has varied somewhat overtime.

SAY consists of tables that provide an overview toinformation drawn from several sources in the Oldand New Collections of Accounts covering 1539 to1809.

It is usually arranged chronologically, showing 20years on each double page. It is organized byparishes, villages, farms, and dwellings. For eachresidence, SAY enumerates the name of farmowners and members of the household mentionedin the original record sources. A check markappears next to a name that is noted more than oncein the records with an additional mark for each timeit is used.

The original SAY register was written in differentcolors of ink, each color representing an originalsource from the Old and New Collections ofAccounts. The microfilm copy, however, is blackand white; therefore, it may be difficult to identifywhat source the information came from. Toovercome this, it is useful to know that the registerfollows a general pattern:

` The first notations on the page are generallyfrom land records. In the registers that cover1634 on, the information from the henkikirjat/mantalslängder is entered under the land records.

` The next notations come from the tithing records.

` Data from tax and military rolls appear last.

You can examine the information given in SAYand possibly identify additional information bylooking in the original Old and New Collections ofAccounts for the given time period and county.

To find SAY in the Locality Search of the FamilyHistory Library Catalog, look under:

FINLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - CENSUSFINLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH] -

TAXATION

The following publication is a guide to SAY. It iswritten in Finnish and Swedish:

Suomen asutuksen yleisluettelon opas:Generalregistret över bosättningen i Finland, enhandledningen (The General Register of theSettlement in Finland: A Guide). Helsinki:Valtion painatuskeskus, 1975. (FHL book948.97 A35v no.7 1975; computer number139227.)

SCHOOLS

If your ancestor was educated or was an instructorin the universities or other schools of higher orsecondary education in Finland, he or she mayhave been recorded in a publication of that school.Books about universities include information fromthe seventeenth to the twentieth centuries. Mostbooks about secondary schools generally cover thenineteenth and twentieth centuries.

These publications may contain valuableinformation about your ancestor such as name, age,hometown, and date of enrollment or graduation.Sometimes they contain biographical informationincluding names of parents, wife, and children.

The Family History Library has collected manybooks on schools and universities. They are listedin the Locality Search of the Family HistoryLibrary Catalog under:

FINLAND - SCHOOLSFINLAND, [COUNTY] - SCHOOLSFINLAND, [COUNTY], [CITY] - SCHOOLS

SOCIAL LIFE AND CUSTOMS

Effective family research requires someunderstanding of the society in which your ancestorlived. Learning about everyday life, religiouspractices, customs, and traditions will help youappreciate your ancestor and the time in which heor she lived. This information is particularlyhelpful if you choose to write a family history.Research procedures and genealogical sources maydiffer for each area and time period and are affectedby the local customs and traditions.

Local customs and traditions vary for differentareas of Finland and have changed over time. Theinformation that might be of interest to you mightinclude mortality rate, life spans, apprenticeshipcustoms, and courting and marriage customs.

The Family History Library has collected a fewsources that discuss Finnish social life andcustoms. They are listed in the Locality Search ofthe Family History Library Catalog under:

FINLAND - SOCIAL LIFE AND CUSTOMS

An informative book about Scandinavian(including Finnish) family life and customs is:

Gaunt, David. Familjeliv i Norden (Family Life inthe Nordic Countries). Malmö: Gidlunds, 1983.(FHL book 948 H6g; computer number 244448.)

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SOCIETIES

Many societies and organizations may havevaluable genealogical information. You can findseveral such societies in Finland and in the countrywhere your ancestor immigrated, including theUnited States. You may find it helpful to join oneof these societies and support their efforts.

Genealogical Societies

Several genealogical societies emphasize Finnishresearch. Most of them publish helpful periodicals,transcripts, and compiled genealogies. They mayalso have special indexes, collections, and projects.Some publish queries about Finnish ancestors ormaintain a list of members’ research interests.Some specialize in the immigrants to a specificarea.

The Genealogical Society in Finland providesaddresses of local genealogical societies and canalso refer you to local professional researchers.You can contact the society at:

Suomen Sukututkimusseura/GenealogiskaSamfundet i Finland

Liisankatu 16A00170 HelsinkiFinlandTelephone: 011-358-9-278-1188Fax: 011-358-9-278-1199http://www.genealogia.fi/sss/indexe.htm

You can find a list of local genealogical societies inFinland on the Internet at:

http://www.genealogylinks.net/europe/finland/

Historical Societies

Finnish historical societies in areas where Finnishimmigrants settled may have valuable information.They collect information about Finnish immigrantsand have special collections of books andmanuscript materials about Finland that may behard to find in other libraries and archives. You caninquire if their collection can be circulated.

Three Finnish-American historical societies are:

Finnish-American Historical Society ofMichigan

19885 MelroseSouthfield, MI 48075USA

Finnish-American Historical Society of the WestP.O. Box 3515Portland, OR 97208USA

http://www.finamhsw.com/

Swedish Finn Historical Society6512 23rd Avenue NWRoom 301Seattle, WA 98117-5728USA

The addresses of many ethnic-heritage historicalsocieties in North America are given in:

Smith, Betty P. Directory: Historical Agencies inNorth America. 13th ed. Nashville: AmericanAssociation for State and Local History, 1986.(FHL book 970 H24d 1986; computer number491569.)

Wheeler, Mary Bray, ed. Directory of HistoricalOrganizations in the United States and Canada.14th ed. Nashville: American Association forState and Local History, 1990. (FHL book 970H24d 1990; computer number 531083.)

TAXATION

Most of the Finnish tax records available throughthe Family History Library are part of the Old andNew Collections of Accounts, which are discussedin the “Public Records” section of this outline.

The silver tax records have been extracted andpublished separately. Each province has been published in separate volumes, which enumeratethe tax paying farm owners by localities:

Fontell, A. G. Varsinais-Suomen hopeavero jahopeaveroluettelo v. 1571: Egentliga Finlandssilfverskatt och silferskatteregister för år 1571(Silver Tax and Silver Tax Register for the Year1571 for the Province of Finland Proper).Helsinki: Suomen Historiallinen Seura, 1892.(Not at the Family History Library)

Soikkeli, Kaarle. Uudenmaan hopeavero jahopeaveroluettelo v. 1571: Nylands silfverskattoch silfverskatteregister för år 1571 (Silver Taxand Silver Tax Register for the Year 1571 for theProvince of Uusimaa). Helsinki: SuomenHistoriallinen Seura, 1912. (FHL book 948.971R4s; computer number 129825.)

Suomen Hopeaveroluettelot 1571/FinlandsSilverskatteregister 1571 (Silver Tax Registersof Finland, 1571). Helsinki: SuomalaisenKirjallisuuden Seura, 1944–87. (FHL book948.97 R4s; computer number 110807.) Thiswork includes the provinces not listed in the twoprevious sources.

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4 02362 16000 0

The original silver tax records that these bookswere extracted from can be found in the OldCollection of Accounts by province for 1571.

Many other types of tax records included in the Oldand New Collections of Accounts have not beenpublished separately.

OTHER RECORDS FOR FINLAND

Other types of records not mentioned in this outlineare listed in the Locality Search of the FamilyHistory Library Catalog under the following topics:

ETHNOLOGYHANDWRITINGMANORSMILITARY HISTORYNAMES, GEOGRAPHICALOFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEESYEARBOOKS

FOR FURTHER READING

More detailed information about research andrecords of Finland can be found in:

Vincent, Timothy Laitila, and Rick Tapio. FinnishGenealogical Research. New Brighton, Minn.:Finnish America, 1994. (FHL book 948.97D27v; computer number 96006.)

Karskela, Sirkka. Sukututkijan tietokirja (ReferenceBook for Genealogists). Suomi: Finnroots, 1983.(FHL book 948.97 D27k; computer number215986.)

Brenner, Alf. Släktforskning, praktisk handbok förFinland (Genealogical Research, PracticalHandbook for Finland). Helsingfors: Söderström& Co., 1947. (FHL book 948.97 D27b; computernumber 194303.)

You can find a how-to guide for Finnish researchon the Internet at:

http://members.aol.com/dssaari/index.htm

COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS

The Family History Library welcomes additionsand corrections that will improve future editions ofthis outline. Please send your suggestions to:

Publications CoordinationFamily History Library35 N. West Temple StreetSalt Lake City, Utah 84150-3400USA

We appreciate the archivists, librarians, and otherswho have reviewed this outline and shared helpfulinformation.

© 1999 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in theUSA. First edition July 1999. English approval 7/99

No part of this document may be reprinted, posted on-line, orreproduced in any form for any purpose without the prior writtenpermission of the publisher. Send all requests for such permission to:

Copyrights and Permissions CoordinatorFamily History Department50 E. North Temple StreetSalt Lake City, Utah 84150-3400USAFax: 801-240-2494

FamilySearch and International Genealogical Index are registeredtrademarks of Intellectual Reserve, Inc. Ancestral File, Family HistoryCenter, Family History Centers, Family History Library, and FamilyHistory Library Catalog are trademarks of Intellectual Reserve, Inc.

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Finnish Genealogical Word List

Table of Contents Language Characteristics Additional Resources Key Words General Word List A D E F H I J K L M N O P R S T U V Y Ä Numbers Dates

This list contains Finnish words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Finnish-English dictionary (see the "Additional Resources" section below).

Finnish is related to Estonian and distantly related to Hungarian. It is not related to other European languages. The official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. Until the end of the 1800s, records were kept in Swedish. For help reading those records, see the Swedish Genealogical Word List(31028). Some Latin phrases also appear in older Finnish parish registers. For help, use the Latin Genealogical Word List (34077).

LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS

Variant Forms of Words

In Finnish, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms.

As you read Finnish records, be aware that the endings of most words vary with usage. One word in Finnish often translates into English as two or more words. For example, talo (house) changes to talossa (in the house).

Plurals. Finnish indicates the plural of a word in two ways:

• The letter t is added to nouns that have no other endings. For example, talo (house) becomes talot(houses).

• The letter i is added if the noun has another ending. For example, talossa (in the house) becomes taloissa (in the houses).

Possessives. In addition to or instead of using words like my and theirs, Finnish adds endings to words to show possession. If a word already has another ending on it, the possessive ending appears at the end of the word. For example, see how possessives change the words talo (house) and talossa (in the house):

his house hänen talonsa in his house hänen talossansa

See Table 1 for a more complete description of possessives.

Prepositions and postpositions. In English, words like in, on, with, before, and after are prepositions. They come before a noun. For example, in the house.

Depending on the various grammar rules, Finnish prepositions may appear in one of three ways:

• They may come before the noun. For example, ennen sotaa (before the war). • They may come after the noun. (In this case, it is called a postposition.) For example,

sodan jälkeen(after the war). • They may be added to the noun. For example Helsinki becomes Helsinkiin (into

Helsinki). Table 2, on the next page, contains other examples.

Word endings. Endings are also added to words for other grammatical purposes. See Tables 1 and 3 for other examples.

Table 1. Possessive Endings

Possessive and Ending

Meaning Examples: talo (house), talossa (in the house)

Translation

minun, -ni my talo » minun talonitalo » minun talossani

house » my househouse » in my house

sinun-, si your (singular) talo » sinun talositalo » sinuntalossasi

house » your househouse » in your house

hänen, -nsa, -nsä or double vowel + n

his, her talo » hänen talonsatalo » hänen talossansatalo » hänentalossaan

house » his (her) househouse » in his (her) househouse » in his (her) house

meidän -mme our talo » meidän talommetalo » meidän talossamme

house » our househouse » in our house

teidän, -nne your (plural) talo » teidän talonnetalo » teidän talossanne

house » your househouse » in your house

heidn, -nsa, -nsä their talo » heidän talonsatalo » house » their househouse

or double vowel + n

heidän talossansatalo » heidän talossaan

» in their househouse » in their house

Table 2. Prepositional Endings on Nouns

Ending Basic Meaning Example Translation -a, -ä, -ta, -t of, some suku » sukua family » of a family -in by means of, with oma käsi » omin ksin one’s own hands » with

one’s own hands -ine + a possessive ending (see Table 1)

together with lapsi » lapsinensa or lapsineen

child » together with his (her or their) children

-ksi changed into, become

vaimo » otti vaimoksi wife » took for a wife or became a wife

-lla, -llä at, by, in Tampere » Tampereella Tampere » in (at) Tampere

-lle to Tampere » Tampereelle Tampere » to Tampere -lta, -ltä from Tampere » Tampereelta Tampere » from

Tampere -n of talo » talon väki house » people of the

house -na, -nä as lapsi » lapsena child » as a child -ssa, -ssä in Helsinki » Helsingissä Helsinki » in Helsinki double vowel + n into Helsinki » Helsinkiin Helsinki » into Helsinki -sta, -stä from Helsinki » Helsingistä Helsinki » from Helsinki

Table 3. Other Word Endings

Ending Basic Meaning Example Translation -t forms a plural talo » talot house » houses -ko, -k indicates a question Helsingissä » Helsingissäkö in Helsinki » in

Helsinki? -ton without, -less, un- lapsi » lapseton child » childless -tta, -ttä (on verbs)

without nähdä » näkemätt to see » without seeing

-n, -t shows a direct object talo » näen talon talo » näen talot

house » I see the house house » I see the houses

Ending: -lla, -ll followed by a form of the verb olla (to be): on, ei ole, oli, ei ollut, on ollut, or ei ole ollut Basic Meaning: shows possession or ownership (to have)

Example TranslationAnna » Annalla on Anna » Anna has Anna Toivonen » Anna Toivosella oli Anna Toivonen » Anna Toivonen had minä » munulla on ollut I » I have had sinä » sunulla oli you (singular) » you had hän » hänell oli he/she » he/she had me » meillä ei ole ollut we » we have not had te » teillä on you (plural) » you have he » heillä ei ole they » they do not have

Spelling Changes

When an ending is added to a word, the consonants within that word may also change. Consider the following examples:

Letters that Change

Examples

ht to hd lahti to lahden k to (nothing) Ilmajoki to Ilmajoen kk to k kirkko to kirkon lt to ll ilta to illan mp to mm lampi to lammen n to s Heinonen to Heinosen nk to ng Helsinki to Helsingin nt to nn isnt to isnnn p to v orpo to orvon pp to p pappi to papin rk to r Turku to Turun rt to rr virta to virran s to d or t uusi to uuden,

uuteen tt to t tytt to tytn uku to uvu suku to suvun vowel+t to vowel+d iti to idin

Alphabetical Order

Written Finnish uses three letters in addition to the twenty-six letters used in the English alphabet: ä, ö, and for Swedish names, å. Finnish dictionaries and indexes, this word list, and the Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog all use the following alphabetical order:

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z å ä ö

The letters v and w are frequently alphabetized as the same letter.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For more help, use a Finnish-English dictionary. Several such dictionaries are available at the Family History Library in the Scandinavia collection. Their call numbers begin with 494.541321. The following dictionary is also available on microfilm for use in Family History Centers:

Alanne, V. S. Suomalais-englantilainen suursanakirja [Great Finnish-English Dictionary]. 3rd ed. Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 1968. (FHL film 1224706 item 3.)

Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject Search of the Family History Library Catalog under FINNISH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the Locality Search under FINLAND - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES - DICTIONARIES. KEY WORDS

To find and use specific types of Finnish records, you will need to know some key words in Finnish. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Finnish words with the same or similar meanings.

For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriages. In the second column you will find Finnish words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined,and other words used in Finnish records to indicate marriage.

English Finnish banns kuulutetut baptism kastetut, kaste-, ristimä- births syntyneet, synty- burials haudatut, hauta-, hauda-

child lapsi christenings (See baptism.) confirmations rippilapset, ripille päässeet deaths kuolleet, kuoli- father isä husband mies, aviomies marriages vihityt, vihki-, naim-, avio- month kuukausi, kuu mother äiti name (given name) nimi, etunimi, kastenimi, ristimänimi name (surname) (suku)nimi parents vanhemmat parishs eurakunta, kunta wife vaimo, aviovaimo year vuosi, vuoden, vuonna

GENERAL WORD LIST

This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list.

In this list, optional versions of Finnish words or variable endings are given in parentheses. Parentheses in the English column clarify the meaning.

A

aamu morning aamulla in the morning aamupäivä forenoon aateli(nen) noble aatelisto nobility aatto eve aika time, date aikainen early, (a.m.) aikaisempi earlier aikakauskirja periodical

aikanaan in due time aina always ainoa only aivokuume encephalitis, inflammation of the brain aivotärähdys concussion ajaja coachman ajomies coachman ala, ali low(er), under alaikäinen minor, underaged alla under allekirjoittanut undersigned alue region, district alus ship ammatti profession, occupation annettu given anoppi mother-in-law appi father-in-law appivanhemmat parents-in-law apteekkari pharmacist, druggist arkisto archive arkistoluettelo archive list arvo title, rank, status asema station, class, standing asevelvollinen conscript soldier asiakirja document, record asua live, reside asuinpaikka place of residence asukas inhabitant, resident, lodger asunto residence asutuksen yleisluettelo general register of inhabitants a.u. illegitimate aukko gap (missing records) autio uninhabited avioero divorce avioliiton ulkopuolella illegitimate, out of wedlock avioliitto marriage avioliittoasiakirjat marriage documents aviomies husband

avionrikkoja adulterer aviopari married couple aviopuoliso spouse avioton unmarried, illegitimate aviovaimo wife

D

deltiseppä tinner, tinsmith

E

edellinen former, preceding, previous edellämainittu above mentioned edesmennyt deceased (adjective) edessä in front of Eesti Estonia eestilänen Estonian ehkä perhaps ehtoo evening, eve ei no, not ei koskaan never eilen yesterday eimitään nothing ei vielä not yet ekäkkeellä oleva pensioned, retired eli lived, or elokuu August eloonjäänyt surviving, survivor elossa alive eläke pension eläkeläinen pensioned person elämäkerta biography elää to live, living, alive ennen before eno uncle (maternal)

ensimmäinen first ent. (entinen) former, previous erikoistuomioistuimia special court records erilainen various ero(nnut) divorce(d) erotettu (kirkosta) excommunicated (from the church) esi-isä ancestor esikoinen firstborn esivanhemmat ancestors esteettömyystodistukset certificates attesting freedom from liability esteetön free of liability, unhindered (to travel, marry, etc.) etelä south että that etunimi given name

F

folio page

H

hakemisto register, index hallitus government, administration halvaus stroke, paralysis hampaiden puhkeaminen teething harjoittelija apprentice hattumaakari hatmaker hatuntekijä hatmaker hauda(ta) (-ttu) bury, buried hauraus weakness of old age hauta grave hautajaiset funeral hautaus(toimitus) funeral hautausmaa cemetery he they heidän their, theirs

heikkous weakness (of old age) heimo tribe, clan, family heinäkuu July helmikuu February hengenahdistus shortness of breath henkikirja tax list, census henkikirjoitus census henkilö person henkilöhakemisto name index henkilötiedot personal data herra Mr., sir Herran ehtoollinen communion herrasväki gentry, Mr. and Mrs. herttua duke herttuakunta duchy herttuatar duchess heti right away, immediately hiippakunta diocese hinkuyskä whooping cough historia history historiakirjat births, marriages, and deaths holhokki minor person under legal guardianship holhooja guardian holhous guardianship hopeaseppä silversmith hovioikeus court of appeals huatajaiset burial huhtikuu April hukkunut drowned, lost huomautuksia remarks huomautus remark huomenna tomorrow huonekalupuuseppä cabinetmaker, furniture maker huora whore husaari light cavalryman huutolainen pauper receiving his sustenance from the parish huutolaislapsi pauper child receiving his sustenance from the parish hyvä good

hän he, she hänen his, her, hers hätäkaste emergency baptism hääpäivä wedding day, date häät wedding

I

ikä age ikäkirjat church census illalla in the evening ilman without ilmoittaa to declare ilta evening iltapäivä afternoon iltapäivällä in the afternoon inventaario inventory irtolainen vagabond iso large, big, great iso-iso-isä great-grandfather iso-iso-äiti great-grandmother isoisä grandfather isorokko smallpox isovanhemmat grandparents isoäiti grandmother isä father isänisä grandfather (paternal) isäntä proprietor, host, landlord, farmer isänäiti grandmother (paternal) isäpuoli stepfather isätön fatherless itse self itsellinen tenant farmer itä east iäkäs aged

J

ja and jalkavaimo concubine jalkaväki infantry johto administration, leadership joka which, who, every jokainen each, every jokavuotuinen annual joki river joskus [1890] luvulla sometime in the [1890s] josta from which joten thus joulu Christmas joulukuu December julistettu (kuolleeksi) declared (dead) juomanpanija brewer juoppous intoxication jälkeen after jälkeenjäänyt surviving, survivor, retarded jälkeläinen descendant jälkimmäinen latter, last jalkinekorjaaja shoemaker järvi lake jäsen(enä) (as a) member jäänyt left, remaining

K

k. (kuollut) dead kaatumatauti epilepsy kado(ta) (-nnut) lose, lost kahdeksan eight kahdeksantoista eighteen kahdeksas eighth

kahdeksastoista eighteenth kahdeskymmenes twentieth kahdeskymmenes-ensimmäinen twenty-first kahdeskymmenes-kahdeksas twenty-eighth kahdeskymmenes-kolmas twenty-third kahdeskymmenes-kuudes twenty-sixth kahdeskymmenes-neljäs twenty-fourth kahdeskymmenes-seitemäs twenty-seventh kahdeskymmenes-toinen twenty-second kahdeskymmenes-viides twenty-fifth kahdeskymmenes-yhdeksäs twenty-ninth kahdestoista twelfth kaikki all kaima namesake kaivos mine kaivostyöläinen miner kaksi two kaksikymmentä twenty kaksikymmentä-kahdeksan twenty-eight kaksikymmentä-kaksi twenty-two kaksikymmentä-kolme twenty-three kaksikymmentä-kuusi twenty-six kaksikymmentä-neljä twenty-four kaksikymmentä-seitsemän twenty-seven kaksikymmentä-viisi twenty-five kaksikymmentä-yhdeksän twenty-nine kaksikymmentä-yksi twenty-one kaksitoista twelve kakso(nen) (-set) twin(s) kaksoiskappale duplicate record kalastaja fisherman kallio hill kalustoluettelo inventory kankuri weaver kansa people kansalainen citizen Kansallisarkisto state archives kansallisuus nationality

kanssa with kantaisä male progenitor kantaäiti female progenitor kantoluettelot tax assessment rolls kappalainen assistant minister kappeli chapel kara(ta) (-nnut) to run away karjakko milkmaid karjapaimen herdsman karkuri runaway, fugitive, deserter kartano manorial estate kartta map kastamaton unbaptized kaste christening, baptism kastekirja record of baptisms kastenimi given name kastettu(t) baptized, (births) kasvain tumor kasvatti(lapsi) foster child kasvattivanhemmat foster parents katselmuspöytäkirjat visitations katu street kauppala country town kauppias shopkeeper, merchant kaupunki city, town kautta via keisari emperor, czar keisarillinen imperial kelloseppä watchmaker keltatauti jaundice kerjäläinen beggar kerta times keskellä in the middle keskenmeno miscarriage keskipäivä noon, midday keskiviikko Wednesday keskiyö midnight keskonen prematurely born child

kesä summer kesäkuu June keuhkotauti consumption, tuberculosis kevät spring kieli language, tongue kihlakunnanoikeus rural district court kihlakunta rural civil district kihlattu engaged, betrothed kihlaus engagement kihlkeuhkotulehdus pneumonia kihti gout kilometri kilometer kinkeriasiakirjat catechetical meeting records kinkerit catechetical meeting, household examination kirja book, register kirjaaja register kirjannitoja bookbinder kirjanpitäjä bookkeeper kirjasto library kirje(et) letter(s) kirjeenkantaja mailman kirjekirjat correspondence, letters kirjuri clerk, scribe kirkko church kirkkoherra minister, priest kirkkoherranvirasto office of the parish minister kirkon asiakirjat records regarding the church building kirkonkirja parish register kirvesmies carpenter kisälli journeyman kohtaus seizures, illness kolera cholera kolmas third kolmaskymmenes thirtieth kolmaskymmenes-ensimmäinen

thirty-first

kolmastoista thirteenth kolme three

kolmekymmentä thirty kolmekymmentä-yksi thirty-one kolmetoista thirteen kolmoset triplets koneenkäyttäjä machinist korkea high korkea ikä old (high) age korkein oikeus supreme court kortisto card index kortteli block koska when, because of kot(i) (-ona) (at) home kotimaa homeland, native land kotipaikka residence kotirouva housewife koulu school kouluasiakirjat school documents kouristus convulsions, cramps kramppi cramps, convulsions kreikkalaiskatolinen (Eastern) Orthodox kreivi count (earl) krenatööri infantryman, grenadier kristinoppi (knowledge of) Christian doctrine kruunu crown, state, government kuin as kuinka how kuka who kulkuri vagabond kulkutauti epidemic kultaseppä goldsmith kuluva current kummi(t) sponsor(s), godmother, godfather kun(ta) (-nat) parish(es), commune(s) kuningas king kuningaskunta kingdom kuningatar queen kuninkaallinen royal kunniallinen honest

kunta municipality kuolema death kuoli died kuoli ilman perillisiä died without issue kuolinilmoitus obituary kuolinpesä death estate kuolinsyy cause of death kuolintoclistus death certificate kuolleena syntynyt stillborn kuolleet deaths, death records kuollut dead, died kuppa syphilis kurkkumätä diphtheria kuski coachman kuten as kutsu(a) (-ttu) call(ed) kuudes sixth kuudestoista sixteenth kuukausi month kuulustelu examination kuulutetut banns, marriage intentions kuume fever kuuro(mykkä) deaf (and dumb) kuusi six kuusitoista sixteen kylä village kymmenen ten kymmenes tenth käly sister-in-law käräjäkunta primary rural judicial district, assize division käräjät local court, assizes käsikirja manual käsityöläinen artisan kätilö midwife käytös conduct kääntymys conversion köyhä poor köyhäinhoitoasiakirjat poor relief records

köyhäintalo poorhouse köyhien luettelot poor relief records

L

laakso valley laamanni(n)oikeus lower court of appeal lahja gift, donation lahjoitus donations laillinen legal, legitimate laiskanlukijat list of slow readers laiva boat laki law lamp. (lampuoti) tenant farmer lanko brother-in-law lap(si) (-set) child(ren) lapsenlapsi grandchild lapseton childless lapsihalvaus polio lasinleikkaaja glass cutter, glazier lastenkirjat preconfirmation roll lastenkoti orphanage Latvia Latvia Latvialainen Latvian lauantai Saturday lautamies juror lavantauti typhoid fever leipuri baker leski widow, widower levyseppä sheet metal worker Liettua Lithuania liettualainen Lithuanian linna castle, jail lki. (leski) widow, widower loinen dependent lodger lois. dependent lodger lokakuu October luettelo list, index, directory

lukkari cantor, parish clerk luku number lukutaito ability to read, literacy lunastus fee luona at luonnollinen kuolema natural death luostari monastery lupa permission luterilainen Lutheran luumätä caries lähellä near lähtenyt departed länsi west läpi through läsnä present läsnäolo presence lääkäri physician lääni county lääninhallitus county government löytölapsi foundling

M

maa land, country, earth maakirja land record maakunta province maakunta-arkisto provincial archives maalaiskunta rural parish near a city maalari painter maaliskuu March maanantai Monday maanjako-oikeuden asiakirjat documents of parcelling of land maanmittari surveyor maanviljelijä farmer maasta muuttanut emigrated maattu nainen woman who has had illicit relations maine(todistus) (certificate of) character mainittu said, stated

maistraatti city administration, magistrate majatalo inn makkarantekijä sausage maker maksatauti liver disease manttaali assessment unit of land manttaaliluettelo tax list, census marraskuu November matruusi sailor me we meidan our, ours mekaanikko machinist mennyt(aika) the past meri sea merimies sailor merkintä entry, remark merkitty entered, noted mestari master, expert metsä forest metsänhoitaja forester metsästäjä hunter miehistö crew mies man, husband miespuolinen male miilunpolttaja charcoal burner miksi why mikä what, which miniä daughter-in-law minun my, mine minuutti minute minä I missä where mitätön minor, insignificant m.n. (maattu nainen) woman who has had illicit relations molemmat both molempien belonging to both monenlainen various morsiain bride, fiancée morsiuspari bridal couple

muistiinpano record, note, entry mummo grandmother muonamies farmworker receiving wages in commodities murha(ttu) murder(ed) mutta but muurari mason, bricklayer muut asiakirjat miscellaneous documents muutt(i) (-anut) moved muuttaneet moving record muuttokirja certificate of moving mylly mill mylläri miller myrkytys poisoning myöhäinen late (p.m.) myös(kin) also mäkitupalainen cottager mökki cottage

N

naapuri neighbor nahkuri tanner naida to marry naimaton single, unmarried naimattomana unmarried (at the given time) naimisissa married nainen woman naispuolinen female neiti Miss neitsyt virgin neljä four neljäs fourth neljästoista fourteenth neljätoista fourteen nikkari carpenter nimi name nimismies rural police chief noin approximately

Norja Norway norjalainen Norwegian notariaatti notary numero number nuo those nuohooja chimney sweeper nuorempi (the) younger nuori(n) young(est) nuorimies youth, unmarried man, bachelor nuoripiika maid, unmarried woman nuoripoika youth, unmarried man, bachelor nuorukainen young man nykyinen present, current nälkä hunger

O

oikea right (direction) oikeus right, court oli was olivat were olla to be olosuhteet circumstances oluenpanija brewer oma own (adjective) omaa sukua maiden name, née omainen relative omaisuus property omistaa to have, to own omistaja owner on is opettaja teacher opiskelija student (at university) oppilas student (grades 1 to 12), apprentice orpo orphan ortodoksi orthodox o.s. (omaa sukua) maiden name, née osa volume, part

osoitehakemisto directory ote extract ottolapsi adopted child ottovanhemmat adoptive parents ovat are

P

paikka(kunta) place, locality paikkakuntahakemisto gazetteer paitatehtailija shirt maker, shirt manufacturer pakolainen refugee, fugitive palo fire palvelija servant palvelu(s) service papintodistus official certificate of birth, marriage, or death pappi clergyman, priest pappila rectory, parsonage pappilan asiakirjat records of the parsonage pastori pastor pastorinkanslia office of the parish minister peltiseppä tinner, tinsmith penkkijärjestys pew lists perhe family perhehistoria family history perheluettelo family register perikunta the heirs perillinen heir perinnönjako distribution of an inheritance perintö inheritance perintötila family (or inherited) estate perjantai Friday peru(n)kirjat private inventories of the deceased's property perunjakokirjat private inventories of the deceased's property perunkirjoitus estate inventory, probate pieni little, small piika maid, unmarried woman pikkulapsi infant

pikkuserkku second cousin pitäjä(läinen) parish(ioner) pitäjänkokousten pöytäkirjat minutes of parochial meetings pohjoi(s-) (-nen) north poika boy, son poikamies bachelor pois away poismennyt deceased (adjective) pojan poika grandson, son's son pojan tytär granddaughter, son's daughter polveutua descend from pormestari mayor porvari burgher, tradesman, middle class citizen posteljooni mailman preussilainen Prussian prinsessa princess prinssi prince protestantti protestant punainen red punatauti dysentery puolalainen Polish (of Poland) puolenpäivän aikaan at noon -puoli (ending) step, half puoliso spouse pursimies boatswain puuseppä carpenter, joiner puutarhuri gardener pyhä holy, sacred, saint pyhäkoululapset list of Sunday School children päin toward päivä(nä) day päivämäärä date päivätyöläinen day laborer pääkirja communion book pääsiäinen Easter pöytäkirja minutes

R

raastu(pa) (-vanoikeus) city court raatihuone town hall raatimies council man, municipal judge raha(määrä) money (sum of) rahvas people, peasantry raja border rakastajatar concubine rakennusmestari contractor, builder rakuuna light cavalryman rampa crippled raskaana pregnant ratsumestari cavalry captain ratsumies cavalryman ratsutilallinen holder of farm obliged to furnish a cavalryman ratsuväki cavalry(men) rautaseppä iron smith rautatie railroad rehellinen honest rekisteri register, index renki youth, unmarried man, farmhand rikollinen criminal rikos(luettelo) misdemeanor (list) ripitysluettelo absolution list rippikirja communion book rippilapset confirmations ripuli diarrhea risti(ä) (-itty) baptize(d) ristimäaika baptism date ristimänimi Christian name, first name ritari knight rokko (small) pox rokotetut vaccinations rouva Mrs., wife rovasti(kunta) dean(ery)

ruhtinaskunta principality rulla record, roll rumpali drummer ruokamyrkytys food poisoning ruotsalainen Swede, Swedish Ruotsi Sweden ruotu district maintaining a foot soldier ruotusotilas foot soldier ruotuvaivainen pauper, dependent on the "ruotu" rusthollari holder of farm obliged to furnish a cavalryman rutto plague ruukki foundry, mill, industry ruumis corpse rykmentti regiment rälssi tax exempt, nobility rälssitila tax exempt farm räätäli tailor

S

s. (syntynyt) born saapuneet arrived, moved in saapuneet asiakirjat correspondence, letters saapunut arrived saha sawmill sairas sick (person) sairaus sickness sakkoluettelot lists of fines saksalainen German sama same sanakirja dictionary sanomalehti newspaper sanottu said, stated satulantekijä saddle maker savenvalaja potter se it seitsemän seven seitsemäntoista seventeen

seitsemäs seventh seitsemästoista seventeenth sekä and, also sen its seppä smith seppä blacksmith serkku cousin setä uncle (paternal) seura society (genealogical) seuraava next seurakunta parish seutu region, vicinity siellä there siirtolainen emigrant, immigrant siirtolaisrekisteri emigration records siirtolaisuus immigration siirtolaisuus emigration sikotauti mumps sikäläinen of that place silta bridge sinun your, yours (singular) sinä you (singular) sisar sister sisarenpoika nephew, sister's son sisarentytär niece, sister's daughter sisarpuoli half-sister, stepsister sisarukset siblings sisko sister sisäinen inside sisällysluettelo register, index sisältö contents siviilirekisteri civil registration sivu page sokea blind sokeritauti diabetes sorvari turner sota war sotamies soldier

sotaväki troops, army sotilas soldier, military suku family sukua(olla) related sukukirjat lineage books sukulainen relative sukulaisuus relationship sukunimi surname sukupolvi generation sukupuoli sex sukupuolitauti venereal disease sukupuu family tree, pedigree sukuselvitys report of family relationships sukutaulu genealogical table sukutiede genealogy sukututkimus genealogical research sukututkimusseura genealogical society sulhanen bridegroom, fiancé sunnuntai Sunday suomalainen Finnish Suomi Finland suorittaa perform suostumus consent suuri big, great suutari shoemaker sydänvika heart trouble syksy autumn sylilapsi baby, infant synnytys childbirth syntymä birth syntymäaika date of birth syntymäpaikka place of birth syntymätodistus birth certificate syntyneet births, birth records syntynyt born, maiden surname syyskuu September syytinki allowance, person receiving allowance syöpä cancer

säteri tax exempt estate sääty(läinen) station, class, standing (person of)

T

tahtoa to want tai or taiteilija artist takana behind talo house talollinen farmer talonpoika peasant farmer talous household talousapulainen housemaid talvi winter tammikuu January tap(po) (-ettu) murder(ed) tapaturma accident tarkastuspöytäkirjat visitations taulu(kko) table, chart tauti disease te you (plural) tehdas factory teidan your, yours (plural) testamentti will, testament teurastaja butcher tie road tiedottaja informant tiilentekijä brickmaker tiistai Tuesday tila house, farm tilallinen farm owner tilikirjat record of accounts titattomat landless population todistaja witness todistus certificate, evidence toimeentulo livelihood toimi occupation

toimittaa perform toinen other, second toisella nimellä alias, a.k.a. -ton (ending) without, not tontti parcel tori market torppari crofter, tenant farmer torstai Thursday toukokuu May tsaari czar tuhkarokko measles tulehdus inflammation tulipalo fire tulirokko scarlet fever tulli customs tullut (+ -sta or -lta) came (from) tuntematon unknown tunti hour tuomari judge tuomio judgment tuomioistuin court tuomiokirkko cathedral tuomiokunta judicial district tupa cottage, house turvotus swelling, edema tynnyrintekijä cooper, barrel maker tyttären poika grandson, daughter's son tyttären tytär granddaughter, daughter's daughter tyttö girl, daughter tytär daughter työläinen laborer työmies laborer työntekijä laborer täkäläinen of this place tällä paikkakunnalla in this place tämä this tämä paikka this place tänään today

täti aunt täysi-ikäinen of legal age täällä here

U

ukko old man ulko outer ulkoluku reciting from memory ulkomaalainen foreign, strange ummetus constipation usein often uskonto religious affiliation uudisasukas settler uusi new

V

v. (vihitty) married vaakuna coat of arms vaakunaoppi heraldry vaari grandfather vahtimestari caretaker vaimo wife, married women vainaja deceased, (the) late vaivainen poor, sickly vaivaisrahat poor relief accounts vaivaisruodut poor relief records vaivaistalo poorhouse vajaamielinen mentally defective vakituinen permanent, regular valokuvaaja photographer valtakunta state, empire valtio state Valtionarkisto state archives valuri foundry worker

vanha old vanhapoika bachelor vanhemmat parents vanhempi (the) older vanhin oldest, elder vanhus old person vanhuus old age vanki prisoner vankila prison vapaa free vapaaherra(tar) baron(ess) vapaasääty nobility varas thief varkaus theft varrella by, at side varten for the purpose of vartia warden vasen left (direction) vaskiseppä coppersmith vastaanotettu received vastanainut newlywed vastasyntynyt newborn vasten against vatsatauti stomach disease vauva baby vauva(na) (as an) infant veli brother velipuoli half-brother veljenpoika nephew, brother's son veljentytär niece, brother's daughter velka debt Venäjä Russia venäläinen Russian verensyöksy hemorrhage verenvuoto hemorrhage veritulppa blood clot vero tax verotus taxation

vesipöhö dropsy, edema vesirokko chicken pox vielä still vieras(seurakuntalainen) guest, person not of a given parish vierasseurakuntalaisten registers of members of historiakirjat other parishes vihityt marriages, marriage records vihkiminen marriage (ceremony) vihkimäsopimus marriage contract vihkimätodistus marriage certificate vihreä green viides fifth viidestoista fifteenth viikko week viime last, past viisi five viisitoista fifteen virasta eronnut retired virasto office, department virka office, position, occupation virkaa tekevä officiating, deputy virkamies public official virkatodistus official certificate (of birth, marriage, or death) Viro Estonia virolainen Estonian vouti bailiff, overseer (historical governor) v.t. (virkaa tekevä) officiating, deputy vuoden ikäinen years of age vuokralainen lodger vuori mountain vuorokausi twenty-four hours vuosi year vuosi(päiva) (-juhla) anniversary vuosikymmen decade, decennial vuosisata century vuosittain(en) yearly vuotias years old väestö(rekisteri) population (registry)

väestönlaskenta census väki people, folk, crew, forces väliaikainen temporary välillä between välittömästi immediately, direct värjääja dyer vävy son-in-law

Y

yhdeksän nine yhdeksäntoista nineteen yhdeksäs ninth yhdeksästoista nineteenth yhdestoista eleventh yhteinen together, belonging to both yhteiskunta community yksi one yksitoista eleven yleinen general, common yli, ylä over, upper, ended ylkä bridegroom ylä upper ympärillä around yskä cough (noun) ystävä friend yö night  

Ä

äidinisä grandfather (maternal) äidinäiti grandmother (maternal) äiditön motherless äiti mother äitipuoli stepmother äpärä illegitimate child  

NUMBERS

In Finnish genealogical sources, numbers are occasionally spelled out. The list on the next page gives the cardinal (for example, 1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (for example, 1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number.

Cardinal Ordinal1 yksi 1st ensimmäinen 2 kaksi 2nd toinen 3 kolme 3rd kolmas 4 neljä 4th neljäs 5 viisi 5th viides 6 kuusi 6th kuudes 7 seitsemän 7th seitsemäs 8 kahdeksan 8th kahdeksas 9 yhdeksän 9th yhdeksäs 10 kymmenen 10th kymmenes 11 yksitoista 11th yhdestoista 12 kaksitoista 12th kahdestoista 13 kolmetoista 13th kolmastoista 14 neljätoista 14th neljästoista 15 viisitoista viidestoista 16 kuusitoista 16th kuudestoista 17 seitsemäntoista 17th seitsemästoista 18 kahdeksantoista 18th kahdeksastoista 19 yhdeksäntoista 19th yhdeksästoista 20 kaksikymmentä 20th kahdeskymmenes 21 kaksikymmentä-yksi 21st kahdeskymmenes-

ensimmäinen 22 kaksikymmentä-

kaksi 22nd kahdeskymmenes-

toinen 23 kaksikymmentä-

kolme 23rd kahdeskymmenes-

kolmas 24 kaksikymmentä-

neljä 24th kahdeskymmenes-

neljäs 25 kaksikymmentä- viisi 25th kahdeskymmenes-

viides 26 kaksikymmentä- 26th kahdeskymmenes-

kuusi kuudes 27 kaksikymmentä-

seitsemän 27th kahdeskymmenes-

seitsemäs 28 kaksikymmentä-

kahdeksan 28th kahdeskymmenes-

kahdeksas 29 kaksikymmentä-

yhdeksän 29th kahdeskymmenes-

yhdeksäs 30 kolmekymmentä 30th kolmaskymmenes 31 kolmekymmentä-yksi 31st kolmaskymmenes-

ensimmäinen 40 neljäkymmentä 40th neljäskymmenes 50 viisikymmentä 50th viideskymmenes 60 kuusikymmentä 60th kuudeskymmenes 70 seitsemän-kymmentä 70th seitsemäskymmenes 80 kahdeksan-

kymmentä 80th kahdeksaskymmenes

90 yhdeksän- kymmentä 90th yhdeksäskymmenes 100 sata 100th sadas 200 kaksisataa 200th kahdessadas 1000 tuhat 1000th tuhannes  

DATES

When writing out dates, Finnish grammar requires that certain grammatical endings appear at the end of each part of a date. For example:

kahdentenakymmenentenäkolmantena kesäkuuta tuhatkahdeksansataakuusikymmentäneljä [On the twenty-third of June one thousand eight hundred sixty-four.] Note: Compare the form of twenty-third used in this date (kahdentenakymmenentenäkolmantena) with the standard form of twenty-third on the number list (kahdeskymmeneskolmas). Finns more often write dates by using numbers for the dates. Note that the month is the second part of the date. For example:

• 23.6.1864 = 23.VI.1864 = 23 June 1864

Months

English Finnish January tammikuu February helmikuu March maaliskuu April huhtikuu May toukokuu June kesäkuu July heinäkuu August elokuu September syyskuu October lokakuu November marraskuu December joulukuu

Days of the Week

English Finnish Sunday sunnuntai Monday maanantai Tuesday tiistai Wednesday keskiviikko Thursday torstai Friday perjantai Saturday lauantai

Paper publication: First edition September 1997. English approval: 9/97.

 

LETTER-WRITING GUIDE

Finland

INTRODUCTION

This guide is for researchers who do not speakFinnish but must write to Finland for genealogicalrecords. It includes a form letter you could use inrequesting genealogical records from a Finnishparish.

The best sources of genealogical information inFinland are the church records kept by the localparishes. The Family History Library™ hasmicrofilm or microfiche copies of these recordsprior to 1860 for all of Finland and to 1900 formuch of Finland. Use the Family History LibraryCatalog™ to determine what records are availablethrough the library and the Family HistoryCenters™. If records are available from the library,it is usually faster and more productive to searchthese first. The library's publication FinlandResearch Outline (36216) explains how to researchrecords at the library or at Family History Centers.

The church records available through the FamilyHistory Library generally correspond to theholdings of church records in the Finnish state andprovincial archives. The form letter included withthis guide is primarily intended for writing toparish offices for records not available at theFamily History Library or the Finnish archives. Ifyou write to a parish office that has alreadyforwarded the needed records to an archive, theparish generally sends your letter to the appropriatearchives or advises you to do so.

Should you need to write to a Finnish archive forinformation not available at the Family HistoryLibrary or at a parish office, you may write inEnglish or obtain the services of a privateresearcher to help you write a letter in Finnish.

BEFORE YOU WRITE

Before you write a letter to Finland to obtainfamily history information, you should do twothings: ` Determine exactly where your ancestor was

born, was married, died, or resided. Becausemost genealogical sources were recordedlocally, you will need to know the specificlocality where your ancestor was born, wasmarried, died, or resided for a given time. Seethe library's publication Tracing ImmigrantOrigins (34111) for help in finding home towns.

` Determine where records from your ancestor'shome parish are stored today. When you have alocality name, use a gazetteer to determinewhether the name is a farm, village, parish,district, or county and to determine which parishserves your ancestor’s locality. Parish recordbooks for which the last date is older than 90 yearsare generally sent to provincial archives.

RESEARCH BY MAIL

Church records are obtained from parishes. It ispossible to write to Finland in English; however, theresponse might be more favorable if written in eitherFinnish or Swedish, the languages of the country.This guide explains the procedure for writing to:

` A Finnish-speaking parish

` A Swedish-speaking parish

` The Archive of Discontinued Parishes (for the areaceded to the USSR in 1944)

You should make a copy of your letter for your ownrecords prior to sending it. Make sure to mark yourenvelope airmail.

How to Find Finnish Addresses

For a list of the Lutheran and Orthodox parishes inFinland and their addresses, see:

Kunta- ja rekisterinpitäjäluettelo/Förteckning överkommuner och registerförare (Register of theParishes and Record Keepers). Helsinki:Väestörekisterikeskus, 1981. (FHL book 948.97E4k; computer number 125454.)

Addresses for the Evangelical-Lutheran Churches inFinland can also be found on the Internet:

http://www.evl.fi/kirkko/srk.html

A list of archives in Finland and their addresses canbe found in the Finnish Research Outline.

How to Send Payments

Do not send money with the initial request. Afterreceiving a response, send a check in Finnishcurrency for the amount requested by the parish.Checks in foreign currencies can generally beobtained from a local branch of a large internationalbank. Have the check made payable to the parish as

2

listed on the return correspondence (parish name +seurakunta [Finnish] or församling [Swedish]).

Another way to send money to Europe from NorthAmerica is to telephone Ruesch InternationalFinancial Services at 1-800-424-2923. Ask for aninternational bank draft for the desired amount inFinnish markkas. There is a $3.00 service charge.Ruesch will give you a transaction number to writeon your payment check. Send the payment to:

Ruesch International Financial Services700 11th St. NWWashington, DC 20001-4507

Upon receipt of your payment, Ruesch willpromptly send you a foreign currency draft (check)that you can mail to Finland.

WHAT TO EXPECT

It may take six months or longer for you to receivea reply to your request for information. Airmailimproves the response time. The results of writingto parish offices can vary greatly. You may get agreat deal of information, or you may get noanswer at all. Some pastors are willing to doconsiderable research while others may be unableto provide information.When you receive a reply, send the requestedpayment and a note of thanks or acknowledgment. Ifyou need to request further information, refer to yourearlier letters and their return letters by date. If theyhave assigned you a reference number, include thatnumber as well.

Use Finnish-English or Swedish-Englishdictionaries to help you understand the reply.Sometimes you can hire accredited genealogists totranslate for you. The Family History Library alsohas published genealogical word lists in Finnish(35815) and Swedish (31028), which may behelpful.

If you do not receive an answer, write again andinclude a copy of your first letter.

OTHER OPTIONS

Because some information is not easily obtained bywriting directly to a pastor, you may need to hire aprivate researcher. The Family History Library provides a list of qualified researchers in itspublication AccreditedGenealogists—International (32750).

The Genealogical Society of Finland providesaddresses of local genealogical societies and canalso refer you to local professional researchers:

Suomen Sukututkimusseura/Genealogiska Samfundet i FinlandLiisankatu 16 A00170 HelsinkiFinlandTelephone: 011-358-9-278-1188Fax: 011-358-9-278-1199http://www.genealogia.fi/

A list of local genealogical societies in Finland canalso be found on the Internet at:

http://www.genealogylinks.net/europe/finland/societies.htm

SWEDISH-SPEAKING PARISHES

If you correspond with any of the parishes listedbelow, you should use the Swedish form letter ratherthan the Finnish form letter (see attached sample formletters). The Finnish names of the parishes are alsolisted so you can find them in the Family HistoryLibrary Catalog. In addition to these parishes, all theparishes in Ahvenanmaa (Åland) County useSwedish. For information from larger cities likeHelsinki, Turku, and Vaasa, you can write letters ineither language.

Swedish-Speaking Parishes Finnish Name of ParishBergöBorgå PorvooBromarvDragsfjärdEkenäs TammisaariEsse ÄhtäväGarmlakarleby KokkolaGrankulla KauniainenHangö HankoHitis HiittinenHoutskär HoutskariIngå InkooIniöJakobstad PietarsaariJeppo JepuaKaris KarjaaKarleby KaarlelaKimito KemiöKorpo KorppooKorsholm MustasaariKorsnäsKristinestad KristiinankaupunkiKronoby KruunupyyKvevlaks KoivulahtiKyrkslätt KirkkonummiLappträsk LapinjärviLarsmo LuotoLiljendalLovisa LoviisaMalaks MaalahtiMaksmo MaksamaaMunsalaNagu Nauvo

3

Nedervetil AlaveteliNykarleby UusikaarlepyyNärpes NärpiöOravais OravainenPargas ParainenPedersöre Pietarsaaren

maalaiskuntaPernå PernajaPetalaks PetolahtiPojo PohjaPurmoPörtom PirttikyläReplot RaippaluotoSibbo SipooSideby SiipyySjundeå SiuntioSnappertunaSolf SulvaTenala TenholaTerjärv TeerijärviVästanfjärdVörå VöyriÖvermark Ylimarkku

ARCHIVE OF DISCONTINUEDPARISHES

After World War II, Finland ceded some of its landto the Soviet Union. The areas ceded were thelargest and easternmost part of Viipuri County andPetsamo and Salla in the northeast. The parisheslocated in these areas were discontinued. Theirrecords are now kept in the provincial archive ofMikkeli. The holdings for these parishes in thisarchive extend until 1949, except for a fewparishes’ records, which were destroyed or leftbehind during the war. You can write to thisarchive if you are seeking information for any ofthe parishes listed below. Address the envelope to:

Lakkautettujen seurakuntien keskusarkistoPL 2SF-50501 MikkeliFINLAND

Make the check payable to:

Lakkautettujen seurakuntien keskusarkisto

The parishes listed below are discontinued:

Antrea PetsamoHarlu Pyhäjärvi*Heinjoki PälkjärviHiitola RautuIhantala RuskealaImpilahti RäisäläInkerin pakolais- Sakkola seurakunta SalmiJaakkima SeiskariJohannes Soanlahti

Jääski Sortavala (city)Kanneljärvi Sortavalan maalaiskuntaKaukola SuojärviKirvu SuursaariKivennapa SäkkijärviKoivisto TerijokiKorpiselkä TytärsaariKuolemajärvi Uusikirkko*Kurkijoki VahvialaKäkisalmi (city) ValkjärviKäkisalmen maalaiskunta Viipuri (city)Lavansaari Viipurin maalaiskuntaLumivaara VuokselaMetsäpirtti VuoksenrantaMuolaa Äyräpää

*There are other parishes elsewhere in Finland withthe same name.

HOW TO WRITE A LETTER INFINNISH

The following pages include Finnish and Swedishform letters, respectively, with English translations inbrackets. You should copy the letter and fill in theappropriate blanks. A separate request form should beused when requesting detailed information on aspouse or child. Make sure you type or neatly printyour letter and, when necessary, add any diacriticalmarks and special characters (such as å, ä, ö) with apen.

If the form letter does not meet your needs, you maywrite in English. Your letter should include:

` The name and address of the parish

` Biographical information about your relative

` A comment about payment

` Your signature and the date

` Your return address (including your country)

Be brief and simple. Do not ask for too much at onetime.

Writing DatesWrite dates the European way (day-month-year asnumerals). For example, for December 10, 1989, youwould write 10/12/89.

4

SUKUSELVITYSTILAUS (Request for Genealogical Information—Finnish)

Vastaanottaja [Addressee]:

Tilaan sukuselvityksen seuraavasta henkilöstä [I am requesting genealogical information about the following person]:

` Sukunimi [Last name]:

` Etunimet [Given names]:

` Syntymäaika [Birth date]:

` Syntymäpaikka [Birthplace]:

` Lisätietoja (esim. missä asui, kylä ja talo, milloin muutti ja mistä minne) [Additional information (e.g., village or farm,when moved and from where to where)]:

Lisäksi pyydän tietoja yllämainitun henkilön [I am also requesting information about the above-mentioned person’s]:

V puolisosta/puolisoista [spouse(s)]V vanhemmista [parents]V isovanhemmista [grandparents]V appivanhemmista [parents-in-law]V lapsista [children]V lasten puolisoista [spouse(s) of children]V lapsenlapsista [grandchildren]V sisaruksista [siblings]

Pyydän samalla mainitsemaan, mikäli tällaisia tietoja löytyy [Possible information about the following is alsorequested]:

V ammatit [occupations]V kylän, talon tai torpan nimet [villages, farm, or croft names]V kaupunginosan ja korttelin [part of town or city block]

Sitoudun suorittamaan sukuselvityksestä voimassaolevat maksut, joista kirkkoherranvirasto lähettää laskunsukuselvityksen yhteydessä. [I am obliged to pay the applicable costs for the genealogical information, for which theparish office will bill me in connection with the reply.] Jos sukuselvityksen hinta ylittää $ , ystävällisesti pyydänilmoittamaan arvellun hinnan ennen tilauksen täyttämistä. [If the cost of the research will exceed $ , please inform me of the projected cost before doing the research.]

Sukuselvityksen tilaaja [Person requesting the information]:

` Nimi [Name]:

` Osoite [Address]:

Päivämäärä [Date]: Allekirjoitus [Signature]:

5

BESTÄLLNING AV SLÄKTUTREDNING (Request for Genealogical Information—Swedish)

Mottagare [Addressee]:

Jag beställer en släktutredning för följande person [I am requesting genealogical information about the followingperson]:

` Efternamn [Last name]:

` Förnamn [Given names]:

` Födelsedatum [Birth date]:

` Födelseort [Place of birth]:

` Ytterligare uppgifter (t.ex. address, by eller hemman, flyttat när, varifrån och vart) [Additional information (e.g.,village or farm, when moved and from where to where)]:

Jag anhåller även om uppgifter angående ovanståendes [I am also requesting information about the above- mentionedperson’s]:

V make/maka [spouse(s)]V föräldrar [parents]V far- /morföräldrar [grandparents]V svärföräldrar [parents-in-law] barn [children]V svärsöner/-döttrar [spouse(s) of children]V barnbarn [grandchildren]V syskon [siblings]

Ytterligare anhålles om eventuella uppgifter angående [Possible information about the following is also requested]:

V yrken [occupations]V namn på byar, hemman eller torp [villages, farm, or croft names]V stadsdel eller kvarter [part of town or city block]

Jag förbinder mig att betala gällande kostnader för släktutredningen, för vilka pastorskansliet sänder en räkning isamband med forskningsresultatet. [I am obliged to pay the applicable costs for the genealogical information, for whichthe parish office will bill me in connection with the reply.] Om kostnaderna för släktutredningen överskrider $ ,var vänlig och meddela mig om den förmodade kostnaden före beställningen utförs.[If the cost of the research will exceed $ , please inform me before doing the research.]

Släktutredningens beställare [Person requesting the information]:

` Namn [Name]:

` Address [Address]:

Datum [Date]: Underskrift [Signature]:

6

COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS

The Family History Library welcomes additions andcorrections that will improve future editions of thisguide. Please send your suggestions to:

Publications CoordinationFamily History Library35 North West TempleSalt Lake City, Utah 84150-3400USA

© 1999 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in theUSA. First edition July 1999. English approval 7/99

No part of this document may be reprinted, posted on-line, orreproduced in any form for any purpose without the prior writtenpermission of the publisher. Send all requests for such permission to:

Copyrights and Permissions CoordinatorFamily History Department50 East North Temple StreetSalt Lake City, Utah 84150-3400 USAFax: 801-240-2494

Family History Library, Family History Library Catalog, and FamilyHistory Centers are trademarks of Intellectual Reserve, Inc.

File: Language Helps

36215

362154 0 2 3 6 2 1 5 0 0 0 1

THE HANDWRITINGIt is most frustrating to go into a record and find what you want, andthen not be able to read it because of the old·fashioned handwriting.However, it is not more difficult to learn to read this style than it isto learn, say, Hebrew. If we just realize that we deal with a differentstyle, and that the letters look different than they do today. Then wehave won half the battle.The ideal letters or handwritten alphabet would look as shown here:

a..~ ~,t .L.-e ~...Y ( _ ./{ 11 111& ~ Bb Cee Dd Ee Ff Gg !!II

YA- 1/ r£,'"J ~/ 1fJl._ t(Jl_ o:.-A- 1:1"Ii Jj Kk Ll MIll Nn 00 0 Pp

202

Uu u Vv Wv

x Xx Yy Zz St 88 88 soh ch ok

SOME READING HINTSEven if the text looks difficult and you say to yourself that you willnever be able to read it, you will be - and much faster than youthinkI Look at it for a few moments and you will see some system­the "hay stack" of letters and lines takes on character. You willrecognize the same letter in several places. You will recognize thesame word, or maybe words, in several places. If the text is complete­ly strange to you, look for some of the more distinct letters like 5,H, P or K and build your words from them. Look for the same wordsand letters in another place-higher up or lower down on the samepage, or tum the page. It may look a little different - just enoughfor you to read itlTHE WORDSIt will not take long for you to read whole words and names just by aglance. If, however, you are able to read a full word or name likeKierstin, be sure to check the spelling carefully, as there may be alittle variance from what you are used to. It may be spelled Kjerstina.Below you will find samples of letters found in Scandinavian genea­logical records 165Q.1850.

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MAJOR GENEALOGICAL RECORD SOURCESIN FINLAND

BY

THE GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY

Series D, No.4

1967

I THE GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER·OAY SAINTS, INC.

RESEARCH PAPER

MAJORGENEALOGICAL

.RECORDSOURCES INFINLAND

In identifying ancestors, genealogical researchers need the answers to four key ques­tions regarding record sources:

1. What types of records exist that will aid in the identification of ancestors?

2. What periods of time do the existing records cover?

3. What genealogical infurmation appears in the existing records?

4. What is the availability of existing records for searching?

The chart and table that follow contain answers to the above questions for the majorgenealogical record sources of Finland. The major sources are listed, together withtype of record, period covered, type of information given, and source availability.

Table A shows at a glance the record sources available for a research problem in aparticular century.

Table B provides more detailed information about the major records available. Forexample, if a pedigree problem is in the 17th century, a quick indication can be ob­tained from Table A of the sources available for that period. Reference to Table Bwill then provide more complete information.

1

AIDTOGENEALOGICALRESEARCHINFINLAND

TYPE OF RECORD

1. Roman Catholic Records

2. Greek Catholic Records

3. Tombstone Inscriptions

4. Lutheran Membership Movements

5. Trade Guild Records------

6. Lutheran Pre-confinuations-----

7. Main Books

8. Probate Records----

9. Lutheran Parish Registers

10. Census Records-----

11. Land Records

12. Court Records

13. Register of Inhabitants------+14. Accounts

15. Military Records

16. House of Nobility

TABLE A

MAJO,R SOURCE AVAILABILITY BY CENTURY

CENTURY

2

AIDTOGENEALOGICALRESEARCHINFINLAND

TABLE B

TRANSLATIONS

TYPE OF RECORD FINNISH SWEDISH

I. ROMAN CATHOLIC Roomalaiskatolisen kirkon luettelot Romersk-katolska kyrkans bookerRECORDS

2. GREEK CATHOLIC Kreikkalaiskatolisen kirkon luettelot Grekisk-katolska kyrkans bockerRECORDS

3. TOMBSTONE INSCRIPTIONS Hautakivien muistokirjoitukset Gravstensinskrifter

4. LUTHERAN MEMBERSHIP Luterilaisen kirkon muuttaneiden FlyttningslangderMOVEMENTS luettelot

Certificates· of Moving Muuttokirjat Flyttningsbetyg

5. TRADE GUILD RECORDS Ammattikuntaluettelot Skrahandlingar

6. LUTHERAN PRE-CON- Luterilaisen kirkon luettelot lapsista BarnbockerFIRMATIONS OR CHILDRECORDS

7. LUTHERAN MAIN BOOKS Luterilaisen kirkon paakirjat Kommunion-eller huvudbocker

8. PROBATE RECORDS Perukirjat Bouppteckningar och arvskiften

9. LUTHERAN PARISH Luterilaisen kirkon historialliset Histonebocker (Kyrkobocker)REGISTERS OR aikakirjatHISTORICAL RECORDS

10. CENSUS RECORDS Henkikirjat Mantalslangder

II. LAND RECORDS Maakirjat Jordebocker

12. COURT RECORDS Oikeuden paatokset Dombocker

13. REGISTER OF THE IN- Suomen asukasluettelot Generalregistret over bosattningenHABITANTS OF FINLAND i Finland

14. CIVIL ACCOUNTS Tilikirjakokoelmat Rakenskapssamlingar

15. MILITARY RECORDS Sotilasasiakirjat Militarhandlingar

16. HOUSE OF NOBILITY Aateliskalenrerit Riddarhuset

MAJOR SOURCES CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED

TYPE OF PERIODRECORD COVERED TYPE OF INFORMATION GIVEN AVAILABILITY

I. ROMAN 1800 to Births, marriages, and deaths: names of Local parish custodyCATHOLIC present persons born, christened, married, and de·RECORDS ceased; dates, residence, occupations, con·

ditions, ages, causes, relationships, god·parents, parentage

2. GREEK 1779 to Births, marriages, and deaths: names of Local parish custody; ProvincialCATHOLIC present persons born, christened, married, and de· Archives of Savo·Karjala at Mik-RECORDS ceased; parentage, residence, occupations, keli; some on film (GS)

conditions, ages, causes, relationships, god-parents, dates

3

TYPE OFRECORD

3. TOMBSTONEINSCRIP­TIONS

4. LUTHERANMEMBER­SHIPMOVE­MENTS

PERIODCOVERED

Approx1745 topresent;some earlier

Earliest1722;generallyfromapprox1800 topresent

TYPE OF INFORMATION GIVEN

Names of deceased, sometimes dates andplaces of birth and death or only year ofbirth and death, relationships

Names of persons arriving at or leaving theparish, former and new places of residence,marital status, sometimes date and place ofbirth, relationships

AVAILABILITY

Local cemeteries and churchyards;transcripts at the Genealogical So­ciety of Finland, Helsinki

Local parish custody; earliest to1860 on film (Genealogical Society)

Certificates ofMoving

Generallyfrom 1800forward

Same as above, but with more detail; io- Local parish custody; earliest toformation varies 1860 on film (GS)

5. TRADEGUILDRECORDS

6. LUTHERANPRE-CON­FIRMATIONSOR CHILDRECORDS

18th-20th C

Earliest1696;easternparishesiromabout1750;KuopioDiocesefrom about1881-1951

Minutes, names of members and those seek­ing membership, sometimes certificates prov~

ing age, parentage, and birthplace

Names of children not confirmed, their datesof birth or age, date admitted to commun~

ion, removals and arrivals (altered residence);father's name, occupation; relationships

Various archives in Finland

Local parish custody; on film (GS)

7. LUTHERAN EarliestMAIN BOOKS 1887; gen­

erally fromabout 1700to present

Communion and clerical survey records: con~ Local parish custody; earliest totain the population of the parish grouped about 1860 on film (GS)by families including servants, journeymen,lodgers, etc.; names ofpersons, dates of birthor age, relationships, occupations, alteredresidences, places of residence; in later rec-ords places of birth, marriage data (varies);legitimacy of children, marital status, ratingof religious knowledge

8. PROBATERECORDS

9. LUTHERANPARISHREGISTERSORHISTORICALRECORDS

Transcripts

1650 topresent

1648 topresent

1648-1850

Names of deceased, ages, sometimes datesof death, residence; names of heirs, guard~

ians; relationships; distributions of real andpersonal property

Births: names of persons born and christen­ed, dates of birth and christening, parentage,occupations, names of witnesses at christen~ings, places of residence, legitimacy of chil~

dren

Marriages: names of persons being married,conditions, dates of banns and marriage,occupations, residence; sometimes names ofparents or sponsors

Deaths: names of deceased, ages, cause ofdeath, occupations, dates of death and burial,places

Miscellaneous: parish minutes, absolutions,misdemeanors, public assistance accounts,transactions of the parsonage, church andprivate inventories

Births, marriages, deaths; same as abovewith modifications

4

1650-1809: National Archives

1809-1860: provincial archives

1650-1860: on film (GS)

1860 to present: some NationalArchives; provincial archives; localcourt custody; some in print (GS),local libraries

Local parish custody; 1648~1860 onfilm (GS)

NOTE: The documents originatingwith the parish ministers and theirassistants from about 300 of theapproximate 500 parishes in Fin­land are in the custody of the localparish minister. The records fromthe other parishes have been de­posited with a provincial archiveor the National Archives. The mainpart of the 44 Evangelical Lutheranparishes in the fonner province ofViipuri (Viborg) or along its bor­ders are in the provincial archivesat Vaasa.

National Archives, University Ar­chives, and the Genealogical Societyof Finland, Helsinki; on film (GS)

TYPE OF PERIODRECORD COVERED TYPE OF INFORMATION GIVEN AVAILABILITY

10. CENSUS 1635 to Taken yearly for census and tax purposes National Archives; 1635~1740 andRECORDS present to 1925; since 1925 taken yearly as popu- every fifth year from 1740-1860 on

lation registers only; residence, names of per- film (GS)sons responsible for payment of taxes, num-ber of children in family over age 15, indi-cated in columns by number only; sometimesages or year of birth; sometimes after 1810names of wife and older children

NOTE. The census records 1635-1809 areincluded in the New Collection of Accounts

U. LAND 1630-1758 Names of landowners or tenants, residence, National Archives; on film (GS)RECORDS valuation of land

NOTE. Included in the New Collection ofAccounts

12. COURT 1603 to Decisions in criminal trials. transfers of real National and provincial archives;RECORDS present estate, marriage settlements, guardianship local court custody; 1603-1860 on

records, mortgages, miscellaneous judiciary film (GS)items; names and relationships of personsinvolved

13. REGISTER OF 1539-1809 A general register of genealo~caldata based National Archives; on film (GS)THE IN- on information as found in t e accounts andHABITANTS church records. It is constantly being keptOF FINLAND up to date and lists residences and names

with references to various records where in-fonnation can be found pertaining to a par-ticular person

14. CIVIL 1538-1809 Old Collection of Accounts: 1538-1634, gen- National Archives; on film (GS)ACCOUNTS eral documents, registers, trial documents,

special lists, bailiff's accounts, names of per-sons employed in the collection of state taxes,receipts, residences

New Collection of Accounts: 1635-1809, gen-eral documents, military lists, provincial ac~counts, land records, census lists, mill tax

15. MILITARY 1537 to General Muster Rolls, enlistments, pay rolls 1537-1809, War Archives at bothRECORDS present of officers, accounts: names of personnel, Stockholm, Sweden, and Helsinki,

residence, province of birth, age, death, dis- Finland; 1812-1903, National Ar-charge (varies), monetary data chives and War Archives, Helsinki;

1918 to present, War Archives; 1537~

1845 on film (GS)

Officers and 1819-1859, Names of officers and civilians, status, bat- National Archives; on film (GS)Citizens in 1381-1901 talion, dates of promotion, dates of transferRussian Service and discharge

16. HOUSE OF 15thC Names of those introduced and accepted into Some printed and on film (GS);NOBILITY to present the House of Nobility; their pedigrees listing The Archives of the House of N 0-

their progenitors to the earliest known an- bility, Helsinki, Finland, and Stock-cestor; names of spouse and children; dates holm, Swedenof birth, marriage, and death; residences,offices and commissions received, occupa-tions, relationships

NOTE- Finland was a part of the Kingdom of Sweden from the 12th century until 1809, fromthen until 1917 it was a Russian grand duchy. In 1917 Finland declared its independ­ence. Several early tax lists, provincial accounts, census, and military records pertainingto areas of Finland, particularly the northwestern parishes, are found in the Nationaland War Archives of Sweden at Stockholm. Consequently, early genealogical recordsfor Finland are recorded in both the Finnish and Swedish languages.

5

Gmealogical Journal, Volume 6, Number 4, 'December 1977

ELEMENTS OF FINNISH GENEALOGYYrjij Blomstedt·

Translated by Donald E. Bjarnson"

Our century has proven to be an era of hobbies. Manycollect postage stamps, old objects, records, etc. Some consumetheir time among different games, while others dabble in musicor take an interest in other arts. Still some people find enjoymentwith handwork or reading. An individual who has no hobby intoday's society is an exception.

Several hobbies provide at least partial economic profit,while many are only fun ways of killing time. In order for thehobby to have constructive worth there must be connected withit an element of self-development, of refinement and expansionof one's range of knowledge. To illustrate, a decent philatelist,because of his desire to collect. familiarizes himself with thecountry's conditions, customs, and history. Another example isfound in the passive hobby of music, where there is often a striv­ing for the acquisition of historical or theoretical knowledge as­sociated with it.

Genealogy is a hobby which in a way has to do with collect­ing; there is in many cases at issue the collecting of individualsbelonging to one's family or pedigree. But over and above this,the hobby of genealogy means also getting acquainted with one'sown country's and perhaps countries' past phases, conditions,customs, and people. It is no wonder then that this hobby isspreading just nowadays when man more clearly than everperceives his instability and seeks contact with the past.

Genealogy in Finland has old roots and our scientific gen·ealogy represents the highest level. The epochal work of Finnishgenealogy, Genealogia Sursilliana, published by Elias RobertAlcenius, appeared in the year 1850. This genealogy of the sevenSursill siblings had been under preparation and was beingcontinually supplemented in the parsonages of Pohjanmaa (Os·trobothnia) during a period of 200 years. Gemalogia SuraiUiana

'President of the Finnish Geneal..,teal Socl.ty and P",feaor of Hi..tory at the University ot Hellinki. .

uTranslated by Donald E. Bjarneon (addre.. : Box 908, Hurricane,Utah 847::17) from the original Finnish article ItSukututkimukeen Alkeita",SuumalaUia Suku;a Ja Sukunimiii. Joka Perhnn ~·.hcJ:uJtimi·Ja Sukututki­m1Ulop<Ul. (Kauniainen: Taidevakka, 1968, pp. 72-80). TI'Bnoiated and pub­lished with permilllion of the author. Footnotoe and malarial in "",,,keta aretranslator'. notes.

175

GeMological JounuU, Volume 6, Number 4, December 1977

but often one ends up having to search the marriage lists ofneighboring parishes as well and perhaps even further away. Inorder to pursue our genealogy back further we must find dataconcerning the birth dates of the above two individuals. Some­times the age of the mother is mentioned in the baptism records,but more often one must search for the needed information in theburial registers, where the age of the deceased is usually alsogiven. Indeed, we find Johan Johansson amongst the Perttelideath records In the year 1798, more exactly on the 19th of June,where his age is mentioned as 49. Thus he was born in the year1749 or around then. With the help of the year of birth (oftenone can figure even the birth day from the death age) we knowagain at what point we should continue our search in the bap­tismal register. But we search in vain in the 1749 baptismal rec­ords of the Pertteli and surrounding parishes for an appropriateentry. Some entries with the same names are found, but a moreclose examination reveals that these individuals either died aschildren or were residing in their homesteads long after ourJohan Johansson is mentioned living at Pihkala.

Have we come to an insurmountable obstacle in our re­search? No, indeed! We cart now take advantage of the rippi­kirjat [communion books], almost all of which are on microfilm(up to the year 1868) in the National Archives. From Pertteli'scommunion books of the 1770 and 1780 decades we direct our­selves to the Pihkala records and we find in them the followingentry:

PihkalaTp. Johan Andersson 1723 Abiit 1782 Abo (crossed out)Hu Clara Ersdotter 1744 Obiit 1772 (crossed out)Son Tp. Johan Johansson 1749Hu Brita Eriksdotter Fr. p. 134

With the aid of the communion records we can thus determinethat Johan Johansson's father (Johan Andersson) was also afarmer [Tp.=torppari=farmer] at Pihkala [name of the farm]and was born in 1723 and that his wife's [Hu=hustru=wife]name is Clara Ersdotter, who was born in 1744 and died [Obi/t=died] in 1772. The record also shows that father Johan moved[Abiit=moved] to Turku (Abo) in 1782 for one reason or an­other.. Judging by Clara's age, she could in no way be JohanJohansson's mother. By following the communion records back,we can possibly find data concerning Johan Andersson's firstwife as well as information About where the family had movedfrom in coming to Pihkala and Pertteli. From Turku's burial listwe can search out Johan Andersson and thus gradually fill inthis spot in our pedgree chart.

But frequently we come to a point where it looks like wecannot go any further. The communion records and historiakirjat[history books=parlsh baptism, marriage, burial and miscell-

178

Oenealogical Jourrud, Volume 6, Number., December 1977

anoous records] are lacking, sometimes incorrect, and for cer­tain time periods do not even exist. Huge gaps appear especiallyin Vi/puri's town parish records (the end of the 1800s and thebeginning of the 1900s are missing) as well as, for instance, therecords from Savitaipale and Lumijoki, from which almost allthe older church records are missing. However, the genealogistshould not become discouraged over this for there are other his­torical records which contain abundant data which can be ofgreat help to him.

We can find sufficient information from the henkikirjat ormanttaaliluettelot [census or tax records] to bridge the gaps inthe history and communion records. It also must be rememberedthat the extensive Suomen Asutuksen Yleisluettelo [GeneralPopulation Register of Finland] in the National Archives is abig help in investigations prior to 1809 in the parishes of Harne.(also in the Savo parishes of North Harne), Upper-Satakunta(partially also Lower-Satakunta), South-Pohjanmaa (partially),Uusimaa (partially) as well as several Savo and Varsinais­Suomi parishes. The General Population Register of Finlandconsists of a continuous run of population data according toplace of residence from the year 1809 all the way back to 1540.The register is a collection of information gathered from annualtnx and other censuses. Thus in the best of cases one cantrace his ancestors back to 1540 with the aid of this register.Inasmuch as the researcher has obtained for himself at leasta passable reading ability of old handwriting, he can also takeadvantage of the frequently very abundant genealogical datain the tuomiokirjat [court records]. Using these records thegenealogist may successfully reach the 1500s in at least some ofhis lines. Generally it is only through nobility lines that one cantrace his ancestry to the Middle Ages.

We -have discussed above chiefly dates and relationships ina strict ascending pattern. In no way should this represent thegenealogist's only objective, nor is there any "eaeon to beginfeverishly searching out only our more "refined," e.g. noble orecclesiastical predecessors. It should be remembered that in abiological and statistical sense all of our ancestors are of equalworth. The American author H. L. Mencken calls the kind ofgenealogical research that involves common people ferventlyseeking "refined" ancestors, quite rightly, "guildlng of degen­eracy." We should strive to find and gather information evenlyabout all our forefathers, their work and activity, their physicalappearance and all their vicissitudes and life phases, and thusbring to life the otherwise dry and meaningless pedigree chart.The minutes of parish meetings may bring to light a meritabledeed of one of our peasant forefathers for the good of society,but these records can equally as well tell us llbout a certain "fore­mother" of ours who was an ill-disposed old battle-axe. Local

179

a....aIogkGll...nwl, Volume 6, Number 4, Deeember 1977

is a list of the 16th century Uumaja bailiff's, Eerik Sursill's,descendants. Beginning at the end of the 1500s it enumerates hisdescendants up to the year 1850, to the extent that they wereknown to Alcenius. Later research has in some spots ~eatly re­vised Alcenius's work, but GeMalogia SursiUiana IS in tworespects very significant. On the one hand it clears up the fam­ily relationship of nearly the whole Ostrobothnia clergy duringa period of two centuries. On the other hand it also compre­hends provincial descendants of upper class people. The last-men­tioned element has had the most decisive meaning in Finnishgenealogy; from the very beginning it has been able to operatewithout class prejudice. Genealogy in middle Europe in thosetimes handled actually only royal or nobility lines, sometimesin exceptional cases so-called bourgeois upper class lines. In thisperspective GenealoF Sursilliana in such a pioneering work thata new edition of it IS worthy of support as well as a completely,..."iRed edition which may be published in 1969.'

How then should a beginner do genealogical research? Na~turally it is almost impossible to give any universal directions,since it depends upon where one begins doing research. Each oneof us, however, probably knows the birth dates and places of ourparents and possibly our grandparents as well. If we are for­tunate enough to live in the same regions as these closest fore­fathers of ours, we can direct ourselves to the parish of theirbirth. As far as our knowledge has been correct, we will getfrom there some of the needed information about the precedinggeneration: complete names, birth date and place, marriage dateand place, and perhaps death date and place. These three datesand places make up the core of personal data which a genealogistgathers about his ancestors.

If the parish records indicate that one of our forefathersmoved from elsewhere, we also take down the information COn­cerning whence and when he moved. To be absolutely sure wecan ask for permission from the clerk or clergyman to look atthe muuttokirja [certificate of moving] our progenitor sur­rendered to the parish so that we might get a solid basis forfurther research.' If the moving took place from such a distancethat we cannot travel there, we can write to the minister's officeof the appropriate parish asking for information. You shouldsend as much concise information as possible to facilitate thesearch, but it must be remembered that in the minister's officethere are a lot of office duties so that an answer to the inquiryof an individual hobbier may be delayed a little. However, from

lA reviRed and enlarged edition of Genenlogia Sur8illiana was finallypublished in 1971.

tMicroCilm copies of most of the record!'! mentioned in this article areall10 available at the Genealogical Department Library in Salt Lake City,Utsh.

176

aeurological Journal, Volume 6, Number 4, December 1977

experience I can attest that the clergy of the Finnish churchanswers inquiries both willingly and well. Of course, a minimalfee for certificates is exacted. If a parish belonging to the cededCarelian area is in question it should be remembered that thatarea's church archives are presently held in the dissolved par­ishes' central archive in Mikkeli. The oldest part of certain otherparishes' church archives is housed in county archives and theNational Archives in Helsinki.

It often happens that we have to write to the parish min­ister's office right at the outset of our research because move­ment within Finland was so great in the past and especially dur­ing the last century. If it looks like a great part of our ancestorsare recorded in the records of a certain parish, then it would bebest to pay a visit to the parish at a convenient time, for instanceduring a vacation, and personally conduct research on the spot.At the same time we could personally get acquainted with ourancestors' native locale and environs.

When we have reached ancestors who were born before 1850,we have the opportunity to pursue genealogical research at theNational Archives in Helsinki. Due to the activities of the Fin­nish Genealogical Society, copies of all the preserved baptism.marriage, and burial records of the Finnish Lutheran Church upthrough the year 1850 have been deposited there. If we know.for example, that OUr ancestor Anna Margareta Pihlstrom wasborn in Pertteli on March 10, 1785, we find the following entl'Yin the baptismal records of the year 1785:

10/11 14/11 Plhkala Trp. Johan Johansson Brita Eriks-dotter Anna Margareta '

"Translated," this entry points out that Anna Margareta'sparents were the Pihkala farmer [Trp.=torppari=farmer].lohan Johansson and his wife Brita Eriksdotter. As with othel'official records in Finland, so too the church records were keptin Swedish until the end of the 19th century, but mastery of the"technical" language used in these records can be gained in justa few minutes. However, the older the original records are, themore difficult it becomes to make out the handwriting. Never­theless, many genealogists have mastered the art of decipheringthe old handwriting through great discipline and devotion.

In striving to get complete data concerning Johan Johanssonand his wife and to push our reseal'ch back further, we turn tothe marriage register first. In our search for a marriage couplewith the aforementioned names we find such an entry on the22nd of November, 1778. We rest assuloed that the people wehave run aCross are indeed the ones we are searching for becausethe name of the groom's residence is given 118 Pihkala. In thiscase our search was successful and was accomplished very quickly

177

Genealogical Journal, Volume 6, Number 4, December 1977

folklore (oral tradition) may inform us of many interesting fea­tures of relatives who died even generations ago. It would bewell for us to collect and preserve this kind of data also. In addi­tion, it is always interesting to widen the range of one's gen­ealogical hobby by also figuring out one's relationship to bothdeceased and living relatives.

The Finnish Genealogical Society (Suomen Sukututkimus­seura), established in 1917, serves as a central organization forFinnish genealogy. It publishes important genealogical sourcesand research results, maintains a central library of biographies(over 20,000 volumes) as well as a genealogical office which per­forms research for a fee. In connection with the Society's li­brary, there is an ongoing collection of obituary newspaper clip­pings beginning in the year 1922 to the present time (olderobituary clippings are housed in the National Archives).

All in all genealogy is a very nice and beneficial hobby. Itsonly real drawback is, of course, that it can gradually threatento completely swallow up those engaged in it, the same as withany other hobby. Through it we come to know our forefathers,the results of their struggles and work, their position in the so­ciety of their time, their different views, as well as the source oftheir worry and grief, joy and pride.

180

Find your ancestor’s birth

in church records.

Find your ancestor and his

or her siblings in preconfir-

mation records. (If preconfir-

mation records are not avail-

able, skip to step 3.)

Find your ancestor’s parents

in communion records.

Find the birth record for

your ancestor’s siblings.

Find the marriage record for

your ancestor’s parents.

Latter-day Saints: Now see

additional instructions for

submitting names for

temple ordinances.

5

4

3

2

1

Beginning Finnish researchers will also need: Genealogical Word List: Finnish (35815)and Genealogical Word List: Swedish (31028). Finnish Lutheran records were uniformlykept in Swedish until the late 1800s. The transition from Swedish to Finnish wasdone at a different time for each parish, and many parishes still use only Swedish.Translated words in this guide are given as follows: Finnish/Swedish.

If your ancestor lived in Finland in 1900 or before, follow the steps in this bookletto find the records of his or her family. These instructions will show you whichrecords to search, what to look for, and what tools to use. One piece of informationwill lead to another until you have identified each family member and filled outa family group record.

The steps and tools you will need are described inside.

1 2

34

5

FINDING RECORDS OF YOUR ANCESTORS, PART A

FINLANDBefore 1900

Finland 2

HOW TO BEGIN—PREPARATION

You should have already gathered information from yourhome and family and filled out family group records and apedigree chart. You may have checked FamilySearch™ orother computer files to see if others have researched yourFinnish family.

To begin:

A. From your pedigree chart, choose an ancestor who wasborn in Finland prior to 1900. You must know the birthdate and birthplace (parish) in order to find the ancestor’sfamily. (For help finding the parish, see page 7.)

B. Write your ancestor’s name in the children’s section ofa new family group record.

Read through the instructions in this booklet. Then follow the steps in the case study to find yourancestor’s family.

Tips

If you don’t know your ancestor’s birth date:

• Start with a more recent generation. You will learnhow to do research, and you will probably discoversomething you didn’t know about your family.

• Find the records for the family in the examplegiven. This will teach you basic research skillsbefore you search for your own family. This isa good class activity.

If you don’t know the parish, village, or county whereyour ancestor was born, see “Tips” on page 7.

The following pages walk you through the research process.In the case study, Jussi is looking for the family of HeikkiJuustila. He takes his family group records and pedigreechart to a family history center. Here he looks in the

Family History Library Catalog for the records he wantsand orders the microfilms he needs. He makes severalvisits to the center. Follow these steps to find your family.

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Family Group RecordHusband

Published by The Church of Jesus Christ of La ter day Saints 10 93 Printed in USA 31827

If typ ng set spacing at 1 1/2 Page of

Wife

Children L st each child (whether liv ng or dead) n order of b rth

G ven name(s)

G ven name(s)

Lastname

See "Othermarr ages"

See "Othermarr ages"

See "Othermarr ages"

See "Othermarr ages"

Born (day mon h year)

Christened

Died

Buried

Mar ied

Husband's fa herGiven name(s)

Husband's motherGiven name(s)

Born (day mon h year)

Christened

Died

Buried

Wife's fatherGiven name(s)

Wife's mo herGiven name(s)

Givenname(s)

Born (day mon h year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Mar ied

Place

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Maidenname

Maidenname

Lastname

Maidenname

Bapt zed

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Sealed to spouse

Temple

Deceased

Deceased

Temple

Deceased

Deceased

LDS o dinance dates

Bapt zed

Endowed

Sealed to parents

LDS o dinance datesPlace

Place

Place

Place

Bapt zed

Endowed

Sealed to parents

LDS o dinance dates Temple

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

See "Othermarr ages"

Givenname(s)

Born (day mon h year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Mar ied

Bapt zed

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

Givenname(s)

Born (day mon h year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Mar ied

Bapt zed

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

Sealed to spouse

Sealed to spouse

Sealed to spouse

3

2

1

Select only one of the follow ng options The opt on you select appliesto a l names on th s form

Option 1 Family File Send a lnames to my family f le at the

Option 2 Temple File Send a l names to any templeand assign proxies for a l approved ordinances

Option 3 Ancestral File Send a l names to thecomputerized Ancestral File for research purposes only notfor ordinances I am including the required pedigree chart

Your name

Address

Phone( )

Date prepa ed

Wrt

e da

te a

s 4

Oct

189

6W

rte

pac

e as

Try

on P

ok

Nor

th C

aro

na U

SA

or

St

Mar

tns

Brm

ngha

m W

arw

ck E

ng

Temple

HeikkiM Juustila21 Apr. 1897 Liminka, Oulu, Finland

5

Bapt zed

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Sealed to spouse

Fami y Group Record ex s s or this coup e

Chi dren's o dinances completedC

F

SS

SP

E

B

Publ shed by The Church of Jesus Christ of La ter day Sa nts 3/96 Pr nted in USA 31826

Cont on

chart no

_______

Cont on

chart no

_______

Cont on

chart no

_______

Cont on

chart no

_______

Cont on

chart no

_______

Cont on

chart no

_______

Cont onchart no_______

Cont on

chart no

_______

Chart no

(Name)

Mo her of no 2)

(Mother of no 4)

(Mother of no 5)

Father of no 2)

(Fa her of no 4)

(Fa her of no 5)

(Fa her of no 6)

(Fa her of no 7)

Father of no 3)

Mo her of no 3)

Mo her of no 6)

(Mother of no 7)

(Spouse)

(Mo her)

Your name and address

Telephone number Date prepared

Pedigree Chart

No 1 on this chart s the same as no on chart no

Mark boxes when ordinances are completed

(Father)

When born

Where

When marr ed

Where

When died

Where

When born

Where

When ma ried

Where

When died

Where

When born

Where

When married

When d ed

Where

When born

Where

When married

When d ed

Where

When born

Where

When married

When d ed

Where

When born

Where

When married

When d ed

Where

When born

Where

When marr ed

Where

When died

Where

When born

Where

When mar ied

Where

When died

Where

When born

Where

When died

Where

When born

Where

When died

Where

When born

Where

When died

Where

When born

Where

When d ed

Where

When born

Where

When d ed

Where

When born

Where

When d ed

Where

When born

Where

When d ed

Where

2

1

3

7

6

4

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

CFSSSPEB

CFSSSPEB

CFSSSPEB

CFSSSPEB

CFSSSPEB

CFSSSPEB

CFSSSPEB

CFSSSPEB

SSSPEB

SSSPEB

SSSPEB

SSSPEB

SSSPEB

SSSPEB

SSSPEB

SSSPEB

3 Finland

Case Study: Heikki Abraminpoika Juustila, born in 1897 in Liminka Parish, Oulu County, Finland.

Your ancestor: , , , , , Finland.name birth date village parish county

FIND YOUR ANCESTOR’S BIRTH (CHRISTENING) RECORD IN CHURCH RECORDS (See “Church Records: Births,” page x).

FIND YOUR ANCESTOR AND HIS OR HER SIBLINGS IN THE PRECONFIRMATION BOOK FROM CHURCH RECORDS. (See “Church records: Preconfirmation and Communion Books” on page 11.)

A. Jussi now looks in preconfirmation records for Heikkiand any brothers or sisters. (These records show childrenusually under age 14 who have not yet been confirmedor had their first communion.) In the catalog in Liminkaparish under church records, Jussi finds preconfirmationrecords listed by years and villages. He looks for 1897,Heikki’s birth year. He finds two books (Iab8 and Iab9)that cover 1890–1900. (If preconfirmation records hadnot been available, he would have skipped to step 3.)

B. He gets the first book on (FHL fiche 6365909).

C. On page 22 of the first book (FHL fiche 6365909),Jussi finds Heikki and an older brother Isak listed underthe parents’ names. He also finds important information

about the residence: village of Ala-Temmes and housenumber 8 in a small farm area named Pääkkö. (Thisinformation may be on the birth records.)

D. On the family group record, Jussi records:

1. His brother’s birth date and the family’sresidence on the front and

2. source information on the back.

E. Jussi searches earlier and later preconfirmationrecords (if available) to see if there are any more childrenin this family. If preconfirmation records are not available,he should go directly to the communion books.

2

A. At the family history center, Jussi searches in theFamily History Library Catalog for the parish where hisancestor was born (Liminka Parish in Oulu County).Then he looks for church records. (See “Using theFamily History Library Catalog”, p. 9.)

B. He finds births for 1896–1900 on FHL fiche 6365951-2and orders them. Heikki’s birth record is on the first fiche.His surname is not listed. His father’s first name isAappo (Finnish) here, but in other records the Swedish

version, Abram, may be used. (To learn how nameschange, see “Naming Customs” on page 15.) Jussi photo-copies the record for his files.

C. On the family group record, Jussi writes: (1) Heikki’sbirth information on the front and (2) source information(such as preconfirmation book, parish name, film or fichenumber, page 1:22) on the back. Later he can look formore information about Heikki’s family in this source.

1

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Mother’sageFemaleMale

Child’s name, parents’ names, status, and residence, witnesses,

who baptized the child

Page in the preconfirmation

bookChristening

dateBirthdateMonth

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

FIND YOUR ANCESTOR’S PARENTS IN A COMMUNION BOOK FROM CHURCH RECORDS. (See “Church Records: Preconfirmation andCommunion Books” on p. 11)

FIND BIRTH (CHRISTENING) RECORDS FOR YOUR ANCESTOR’S BROTHERS AND SISTERS FROM CHURCH RECORDS.(See “Church Records: Birth” on page 10.)

A. Jussi looks in the catalog for the birth records of Heikki’solder brother Isak in 1894. In the catalog he looks for Liminkaparish, then church records, then birth records, then 1894.

B. Jussi finds FHL fiche 6365949. On the fiche, he finds thebirth record on September 25.

C. On the family group record, Jussi writes:

1. Information from the birth record on thefront and

2. source information on the back.

4

A. Jussi looks for Heikki’s parents in the communion book,which lists households in the parish. In the catalog, he findsLiminka parish, then church records, then communionrecords which are listed chronologically and by villages. Helooks for 1897 (Heikki’s birth year) and the village of Ala-Temmes. He finds FHL fiche 6365861 for 1891–1900.

B. On page 22 on the fiche, Jussi finds the parents’ names.(Sometimes ministers coordinated page numbers of thepreconfirmation and communion books; so if the childrenare on page 22 of the preconfirmation book, the parents maybe on page 22 of the communion book.)

C. For each parent, Jussi finds the birth date and place inthe indicated columns. He also finds remarks aboutHeikki’s parents’ date of banns and marriage.

D. Additionally, Jussi finds remarks about Heikki’s parents’date of banns and marriage. On the family group record,Jussi writes:

1. Information about each of his parents on thefront and

2. source information on the back.

3

4 Finland

Name Year and day

Place

Birth

Male

Female

Placemovedfrom

Smallpox

Mothers

tongue

Writing Ability Attendee

Partaking of the

CommunionRemarks Departure

Mother’sageFemaleMale

Child’s name; parents’ names,status, and residence; wittnesses;

who baptized the child

Page in the preconfirmation

bookChristening

dateBirthdateMonth

Reading Ability

In a book

Fromm

emory

Compre-

hension

Finland 5

Family Group RecordHusband

Pub ished by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints 10/93 Printed in USA 31827

If typing, set spacing at 1 1/2. Page of

Wife

Children List each child (whether living or dead) in order of birth.

Given name(s)

Given name(s)

Lastname

See "Othermarriages"

See "Othermarriages"

See "Othermarriages"

See "Othermarriages"

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

Buried

Married

Husband's fatherGiven name(s)

Husband's motherGiven name(s)

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

Buried

Wife s fatherGiven name(s)

Wife s motherGiven name(s)

Givenname(s)

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Married

Place

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Maidenname

Maidenname

Lastname

Maidenname

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Sealed to spouse

Temple

Deceased

Deceased

Temple

Deceased

Deceased

LDS ordinance dates

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

LDS ordinance datesPlace

Place

Place

Place

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

LDS ordinance dates Temple

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

See "Othermarriages"

Givenname(s)

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Married

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

Givenname(s)

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Married

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

Sealed to spouse

Sealed to spouse

Sealed to spouse

3

2

1

Select only one of the fo lowing options. The option you select appliesto all names on this form.

Option 1—Family File Send allnames to my family file at the

Option 2—Temple File Send all names to any temple,and assign proxies for all approved ordinances.

Option 3—Ancestral File Send all names to thecomputerized Ancestral File for research purposes only, notfor ordinances. I am including the required pedigree chart.

Your name

Address

Phone( )

Date prepared

Writ

e da

te a

s: 4

Oct

. 189

6W

rite

plac

e as

: Tr

yon,

Pol

k, N

orth

Car

olin

a, U

SA

or

St.

Mar

tins,

Birm

ingh

am, W

arw

ick,

Eng

.

Temple.

Sources of information Add further information on attached sheets as necessary.

Note: Please take every reasonable step to see that the information on this form is as accurate and complete as practical. This will help maintain the integrity of Church familyhistory files and reduce duplication of temple ordinance work.

Back of family group record

2

4

1

3

3

1

5

3

14 Jan. 1872

Abram (Aappo) Heikinpoika Juustila

Maria Isakintytär

Heikki (Henrik)

Pääkkö

Isak Abraminpoika Juustila

Heikki Abraminpoika

M

M Juustila

, Liminka, Oulu, Finland

30 Jun. 1893 , Liminka, Oulu, Finland

27 Nov. 1868 , Liminka, Oulu, Finland

25 Sep. 1894 Ala-Temmes, Liminka, Oulu, Finland

30 Sep. 1894 , Liminka, Oulu, Finland

21 Apr. 1897 Ala-Temmes, Liminka, Oulu, Finland

9 May 1897 , Liminka, Oulu, Finland

Liminka Parish Records1. Births (1896–1900) page 1:22, FHL fiche 63659512. Preconfirmation book (1890–1900), FHL fiche 63659093. Communion book (1891–1900), FHL fiche 63658614. Births (1894), FHL fiche 63659495. Marriages (1890s), FHL fiche 6365964

Front of family group record

FIND THE MARRIAGE RECORD OF YOUR ANCESTOR’S PARENTS FROM CHURCH RECORDS. (See “Church Records: Marriage” on page 12.)

Latter-day Saints now have the minimal information required for this family’s temple submissions. Ask for helpto submit names for temple ordinances.

NOW YOU CAN REPEAT STEPS 1 THROUGH 5 TO FIND ANOTHER FAMILY.

Look for the families of each of your ancestor’s parents. Start with a new family group record, and look first fora birth record.

A. Jussi looks for marriage records using the date given inthe communion book (30 June 1893) and the place where theoldest child was born. In the catalog, he looks for Liminkaparish, then church records, then marriage records.

B. Jussi finds FHL fiche 6365964. He finds 30 June 1893 andfinds the parents’ record. If he had not had the marriagedate in the communion book, he would have startedlooking at the first child’s birth date and looking at earlier

records until he found the marriage. If the marriage wasnot in the parish, he would try neighboring parishes wherethe parents were born.

C. On the family group record, Jussi writes:

1. The marriage information on the front and

2. source information on the back.

D. Jussi has the information he needs for this family.

5

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

6 Finland

Widowerand widow

Widow andunmarried

Widower andunmarried

BothunmarriedAge

Name, status, where married,and marriage performed byPageDate

To find records in the Family History Library Catalog andto search Finnish church records, you will need to know thevillage, parish, and sometimes district and county.

Place Levels (Jurisdictions)

Places are usually written from smallest to largest on familygroup records. Districts (there are several in a county) arenot usually listed. For example:

Ala-Temmes, Liminka, Oulu, Finland(Village) (Parish), (County), (Country)

Ala-Temmes is a village in Liminka Parish in Oulu County inFinland.

Parish

• To find church records of birth, marriage, death, precon-firmation, and communion, you need to know the parishwhere your ancestor lived.

• A parish is the area (jurisdiction) where a Lutheranminister served and kept records (similar to a Latter-daySaint ward). The parish is usually named for the largestvillage in the parish area.

County

• To find civil records, such as emigration or censusrecords (not discussed in this guide), you need to knowthe county. It is also helpful to know the village, parish,and district.

Tips

Translated words are given as follows: Finnish/Swedish.To find your parish (kunta, pitäjä, seurakunta/kommun,socken, församling), see the following sources:

• Find an alphabetical list of Finnish parishes that indi-cates counties, and maps that outline parishes andcounties in Parish and County Listings with Maps ofFinland, 1991, FHL book 948.97 E2ch; fiche 6068252.

• If you know the village, see the postal guide to place-names in Finland, which will give the parish but not the county: Posti- ja lennätinlaitoksen osoitehakemisto/Post- och telegrafverkets adressförteckning (in Finnishand Swedish), 1968, FHL book 948.97 E4o; film 824098item 1. See “Gazetter 1,” p. 8.

• To find localities lost to the Soviet Union afterWorld War II, see an older postal guide: Posti- jasähkösanomaosoitteiden hakemisto/Uppslagsbok för post- ochtelegramadresser, 1930, FHL book 948.97 E8po; film1440032 item 1. This guide gives both parish andcounty for a locality, but some county borders havechanged since its publication. See “Gazetter 2,” p. 8.

On family group records by genealogists:

• If four places are listed, the second place is usuallythe parish.

• If only three places are listed, the first place is usuallythe parish.

• Sometimes you will see the name of a province (suchas Pohjanmaa/Österbotten) instead of the county. Youshould change the province names to the correctcounty names.

• You need the district (kihlakunta/härad) to locate civilrecords.

HELPS FOR FINDING RECORDSFinding Places

Finland 7The counties of Finland

Oulu County with districts and parishes Liminka Parish

SWEDEN

RUSSIA

NORWAY

Gu f of Bothnia

Baren

Ba tic Sea Gulf of Finland

KeskiSuomi

Vaasa

Ahvenanmaa

Lappi

Kuopio

PohjoisKarjala

Mikkeli

Turkuja Pori

Uusimaa

HameKymi

Oulu

OULUULEÅBORG

Lappi

Russia

KuopioVaasa

Kem järvi

Kuusamo

Ta valkoskiPudasjärvi

Utajärvi

Puolanka

Hyrynsalmi

Kuhmoniemi

Rislijärvi

Solkamo

Pal amo

Särä sniemi

Utajärvi

Muhos

Tyrnävä

Temmes

KestiläPulkkila

P ippola

Pyhänlä

Kärsämäki

Haapajärvi

Nivala

Sievi

PyhäjärviReisjärvi

Ylivieska

Kalajoki

Raul o

Alavieska

Merijärvi

Pyhäjoki

SaloPattijoki

Revon ahti

Siikahoki

Ha luola

HaukipudasK im nki

Yl k iminki

Ii

Kuivaniemi

OulunsaloKempele

Oulujoki

RAAHEBRAHESTAD

OULUULEÅBORG

K uruvesi

PielavesiP htipudas

Kinnula

Les ijärvi

Toholampi

Kannus

Himanka

Sonkajärvi

Raulavaara

Valt mo

Piel sjärvi

NURMES

Haapavesi

Rantsila

Oulainen

Vihan i

Paavola

Liminka

Lum joki

Vuol joki

Vieremä

KAJAANI

Suo ussalmi

Kuolajärvi

ROVANIEMI

Ranva

SimoKEMI

AlatornioTORNIOTORNEA

mijoki

Paavola

ahti

Liminki

Temmes

Tyrnä

Kempel

Hirvineva

Tikkaperä

Limiinka

Temmesjoki

Honka SuanMett

Vusita

HaurulaUakkola KkMoukka

InkaiaKokko

Mattila Purainen

Korpela

Mourunkijär

Keski pekk

Niem

HaapanienaHaapala

PerttulaAnttila

RuottinenVikiö

NevalHayru

Niemelä

JaunonenTupos

Vesala

Ylu Niku

Vu

Väkänen

N

VS

SkoRüka

UutinenPaa

KauppiEskola

Pirkkala

Kk AlatioHanaula

Kokko

EeruPakonen

PauKeskeli

Kärmä

A l a t e m m e s

V i r k k u l a

R a n t a k y l aSallinen

RaappanaHäina

LumikariSüikkäla

PeräläTilli

okk

Kk

UkuraPoro

Kuukkala

RelnulaSeikkala

Jakku

Mikkola

RautioHemmilä

Tuanamaa

AnnalaJutila

Kaartola

Ojalai

Ruttu

Emaniä

KariRippi

Pattinch

Kk Näppo

Kiemelä

Maijala

Rusila

KenailäJuustila

RautioTornü

MononenHeikkin

HyrynkangasRost

Kuosala

KkKüskilä

Küskilä

SattunenMarkusKk

PunttilaKanta TeppoPietiläMarttila Laanila

Mattila Läärälä

Juotto

PekkonenKelhä

Kokko

Arola

JunttolaAla Elsilä

PääkköMotturi

Alakangas

Koukkari

Tikkanen

Niemetti

Tossava

MatturiSuutariAnttila

Ylä Kestilä

Haarala

FINLAND—GAZETTEERS

When you look up a locality, remember that the letters å, ä,and ö are alphabetized after the letter z.

1. Gazetteer 1: Posti- ja lennätinlaitoksen osoitehakemisto. Post-och telegrafverkets adressförteckning.

Look up a locality in this postal guide. If the locality is aparish, it lists the code srk - församl. If it is smaller than aparish, it tells you which parish it is in. It does not tell youthe county. Once you know the parish, however, you canfind the county in the Family History Library Catalog.

This postal guide uses these headings:

2. Gazetteer 2: Posti- ja sähkösanomaosoitteiden hakemisto. Posti-ja lennätinhallituksen toimeksiannosta tehnyt Oskar Räsänen.Uppslagsbok för post- och telegramadresser. På uppdrag av Post-och telegrafstyrelsen utarbetad av Oskar Räsänen.

This postal guide includes information about the areasceded to the Soviet Union. Localities in Lappi/Laplandcounty are included in Oulu/Uleåborg county.

This postal guide uses these headings:

Etäisys postitoimi-paikastaAvstånd frånpostanstaltenDistance to Postoffice

Postitoimipaikka johonlähetys on ohjattavaPostanstalt till vilkenförsändelsen bör sändasPost office to whichshipment should be sent

Lääni ja kuntaLän och kommunCounty and parish

PaikanOrtensLocalities

nimi laatunamn beskaffenhetname description

Etäisyys kmAvstånd kmDistance km

Lähin postitoimipaikkaNärmaste postanstaltNearest postal office

KuntaKommunParish

LaatuSlagDiscription

NimiNamnName

HELPS FOR FINDING RECORDSFinding Places • Map of Finland

8 Finland

SWEDEN

RUSSIA

NORWAY

Gulf of Bothnia

Barents Sea

Baltic SeaGulf of Finland

KeskiSuomi

Vaasa

Ahvenanmaa

Lappi

Oulu

Kuopio

Pohjois-Karjala

Mikkeli

Turkuja Pori

Uusimaa

HameKymi

Ivalo

Muonio

Kolari

KelloselkaKemijarvi

Rovaniemi

TornioKemi

Taivalkoski

Oulu

Raahe

KajaaniYlivieska

KokkolaPietersaari Iisalmi

LieskaNurmes

VaasaKuopio Hattuvaara

SeinajokiJoensuuAanekoski

KaskoVirrat

JyvaskylaPieksamaki

Varkaus

ParkanoJamsa

Mikkeli

Pori Tampere

RaumaImatra

HameenlinnaKuovola

Lappeenranta

UusikaupunkiForssa

VaalimaaHyvinkaa

TurkuSalo KotkaPorvoo

Mariehamn Helsinki

Hango

Lahti

Savonlinna

Finnish

AhvenanmaaHämeKuopioLappiMikkeliOuluTurku-PoriUusimaaVaasaViipuri

Swedish

Åland (since 1918)TavastlandKuopioLappland (since 1936)St. MichelUleåborgÅbo och BjörneborgNylandVasaViborgFinnish

Finlandís Counties of 1939(Läänit/Länen)

The shaded area was ceded to Russia after WWII. The area of Viipuri County west of the shaded area became known as Kymi/Kymmene County in 1945. The FHLC uses the counties as of 1945, but Viipuri is also included.

Vaasa

Ahvenanmaa

Lappi

Oulu

Kuopio

Mikkeli

Turku-Pori

Uusimaa

HämeViipuri

Finland’s Counties in 1960

Finland 9

HELPS FOR FINDING RECORDSUsing the Family History Library Catalog • Using Microfilm

USING THE FAMILY HISTORY LIBRARY CATALOG

Use the Family History Library Catalog to find any recordavailable from the Family History Library. In it, you canfind the call numbers you need to order records. Thecatalog is available at www.familysearch.org and on CD.

To find the information you need in the catalog clickLibrary, and then click Family History Library Catalog.

1. Click Place Search.

You will see:Place

Part of (optional)

2. For the “Place,” type: the name of the parish.

3. For “Part of,” leave blank.

4. Then find a topic, such as: Church Records.

5. Click on the title you want.

6. Click on View Film Notes.

7. Look for the kind of record you want—such as Syntneet(Birth)—for the years you want. Write the FHL film number.

For more help, see Using the Family History Library Catalog(30966).

Tips

To find church records in the Family History LibraryCatalog, use the place search, and type in the parish.

If no records are listed when you type in the place:

• Look for spelling variations of the place-name.

• Make sure you type the name of the parish, not thevillage.

When you find a description of a record you need, copyor print the record from the catalog.

When typing a place-name in the catalog, ignorediacritics (the marks on å, ä, and ö.) For example,Jyväskylä can be typed as Jyvaskyla.

USING MICROFILM

At this time, most of the Family History Library’s recordsare on microfilm. However, Finnish records after about 1860are mostly on microfiche.

When you have found and ordered the microfilm or micro-fiche you need, find a microfilm or microfiche reader, andfollow the instructions for threading the film or placing thefiche into the machine. Ask family history center staff tohelp you.Finnish microfiche records do not have title pages like themicrofilm records do.

Tips

Make sure the years on the title page are the years youneed. There may be three or four separate books on asingle microfilm. If the first title page doesn’t cover theyears you want, quickly spin through the film to thenext black space. Then look for the next title page andthe years covered.

When using the microfilm:

• If the image will not come into focus, make sure thefilm is between the two glass plates, not under them.

• Learn how to turn the handle to move the film back-ward and forward. Be careful not to roll the film offthe reel.

The frames on Finnish microfiche usually go from leftto right.

10 Finland

Use Birth Records to:

• Find birth information for virtually every person wholived in Finland.

• Find parents’ names.

Birth and christening information are on the same record.The Finnish word kastetut and the Swedish word döpta meanboth baptized and christened. Genealogists usually call thisa christening record.

Content

• Many birth records have been extracted and appear inthe International Genealogical Index.

• For help reading the records, see Genealogical WordList: Finnish and Genealogical Word List: Swedish. (See“Where to Order Publications” on page 15.) Look forEnglish translations of the record headings.

Tips

• Write the names of the godparents at the christening.These may be relatives, friends, or importantmembers of the community. Their names may leadyou to other relatives.

• Other church records give confirmations, movings,and deaths or burials.

• To find easier-to-read copies of birth, marriage, anddeath records, look for Kirkonkirjojen kopioit in theFamily History Library Catalog under church records.Many of these records are also on the Web sites listedunder “Searching Birth Records.” These securitycopies (for the earliest records until about 1850) are inmodern handwriting and are easier to interpret thanthe old script.

• Godparents’ names andresidence (not in the security copies)

• Birth date

• Christening (baptism) date

• Child’s name

• Parents’ names, occupation, and residence (which is alsothe child’s birthplace)

CHURCH RECORDS: BIRTH (SYNTYNEET/FÖDDA)Late 1600s to 1900s

1897 Birth record for Heikki Abraminpoika Juustila (FHL fiche 6365949)

Mother’s ageFemaleMaleChild’s name. Parent’s names, status (occupation or position in family), and residence. Names and status of witnesses. Who baptized the child.

Page in the pre-confirmation book

Christeningdate

BirthdateMonth

Births and christenings in Liminka ParishIn the year 1897Page 33

1 29Heikki. Parents: farmer Aappo Juustila, wife Maria. —Witnesses: farmerMatti Heiskari, wife Lotta, farmer Aappo Kärppä, wife Reeta, farmer’sdaughter Briita Pääkkö, farmer Wiljo Kokko.

Christened by Juho Korhonen

21 9/5 1:22April

Searching Birth RecordsBefore searching, you must know:• Your ancestor’s name.• The parish and county of birth or residence.• The approximate birth date.

Located at:• Family History Library and family history centers• Finnish National and Regional Archives• www.genealogia.fi/historia/ (in Finnish)• www.genealogia.fi/historia/indexe.htm (in English)

Family History Library Catalog:Place search:

Place

Part of

Topics to choose: Church Records

Search for:1. Birth (syntyneet/födda) records.2. Births are usually in order by date (year, month, day),

from earliest to most recent.

[name of parish]

Finland 11

Use Preconfirmation (if available) and Communion Books to:

• Find all family members and members of the household.

• Learn names, ages, and birthplaces (of brothers, sisters,parents, grandparents, and so on).

Content

Preconfirmation books. Not all parishes have these books,which were kept sporadically from the 1740s until the late1800s, primarily in eastern parishes. These books recordchildren who had not yet taken their first communion orbeen confirmed. Confirmations usually occurred betweenthe ages of 14 and 16, after which the records were trans-ferred to the communion book where the parents resided orwhere the person worked.

Communion books. These books began in some parishes inthe late 1600s and were kept into the 1900s. After 1869 theywere called the main books (pääkirjat/huvudböcker). Theyrecord the religious knowledge and communions of parish-ioners. The records are arranged by village, farm, andhousehold.

• If you have a person’s age for any given year, you canapproximate a year of birth by subtracting the age fromthe year. Search at least one year before the approximatebirth year (in case the record was made before theperson had had his or her birthday).

• Later communion books have more columns and infor-mation than the earlier ones.

• Examine every communion book for the life span of theancestor in question.

• For help reading the records, see Genealogical Word List:Finnish and Genealogical Word List: Swedish. (See“Where to Order Publications” on page 15.) Look forEnglish translations of the record headings.

Tips

• It is usually easier to read the birth years than thenames. Figure out your ancestor’s birth year, and thenscan the birth year column for persons born that year(give or take a year). Then try to read the names.

• Residences

• Marriage or banns dates

• Moving information

• Character references

• Vaccinations

• Names

• Ages or dates of birth

• Birthplaces

• Relationships to the headof household

• Occupations

CHURCH RECORDS: PRECONFIRMATION AND COMMUNION BOOKS(Lastenkirjat, Rippikirjat/Barnböcker, Kommunionböcker) Late 1600s to Early 1900s

1900 Communion record for Abram Heikinpoika Juustila and Maria Isakintytär Pääkkö (FHL fiche 6365861)

Birth Reading ability Partaking of the Communion

DepartureRemarksYears when person has partaken of the Communion. Also indicates

years the book was used.

Attended thehousehold

examination

Writing ability

Compre-

hension

From

mem

ory

In a book

Mothers

tongue

Smallpox

PlacemovedfromPlace

Yearandday

Female

MaleName

No. 8 Pääkkö (farm)

Marriage banns 17 May1893, No 8

R. L. 4. 4. 3. 9 28/6 31/7 3/9 3/6 1/9 11/7 23/10 17/5Liminka27/111868

1.Daughter, Wife MariaIsakint(ytär)

Notation inmoving-outbook, certifi-cate 183 1:122

Rejected for military serviceMarried 30 June 1893

R. L. 4. 3. 2. 95 3/9 3/6 1/9 11/7 23/10 1.5/5CommunionBook 1:122

Liminka14/11872

1.Son-in-law AbramHeikinp(oika) Juustila

Searching Preconfirmation or Communion RecordsBefore searching, you must know:• Your ancestor’s name.• The parish and approximate time your ancestor lived there.

Located at:• Family History Library• Finnish National and Regional Archives

Family History Library Catalog:Place search:

Place

Part of

Topics to choose: Church Records

Search for:1. The parish.2. The preconfirmation or communion book which covers the

time period of the event (birth, marriage, death, or movingin or out of a parish).

3. Your ancestor’s birth year and his or her name.

[name of parish]

12 Finland

Use Marriage Records to:

• Find a couple’s marriage date and place.

Content

• Groom’s name, occupation or civil status, and residence

• Bride’s name, civil status, and residence

• Marriage date

Records of marriage announcements (kuulutetut/lysningar)or banns (förelysta) are also frequently available. The bannswere read on three Sundays before the wedding to makesure no one objected to the marriage. The information givenis similar to the marriage record.

Tips

• If you cannot find the marriage record in the parishwhere the couple resided, try the parish where thebride or groom was from or the parish where the firstchild was born, if these are different from the residence.Next look in surrounding parishes.

• For help reading the records, see Genealogical Word List:Finnish and Genealogical Word List: Swedish. (See “Whereto Order Publications” on page 15.) Look for Englishtranslations of the record headings.

CHURCH RECORDS: MARRIAGE (VIHITYT/VIGDA)Late 1600s to Early 1900s

Searching Marriage RecordsBefore searching, you must know:• Your ancestor’s name.• The parish, and approximate time your ancestor lived

there.

Located at:• Family History Library• Finnish National and Regional Archives• www.genealogia.fi/historia/ (in Finnish)• www.genealogia.fi/historia/indexe.htm (in English)

Family History Library Catalog:Place search:

Place

Part of

Topics to choose: Church Records

Search for:1. The parish.2. The couple’s names.3. Marriages, which are listed by date, from earliest to most

recent.

[name of parish]

1893 Marriage record of Abram Heikinpoika Juustila and Maria Isakintytär Pääkkö (FHL fiche 6365964)

• When married•

Widow

er andw

idow

Widow

andunm

arried

Widow

er andunm

arried

Two

unmarried

Age of personsm

arried

Name and status (occupation or position in family) of persons married. Where marriage took place. Who performed the marriage.

Place moved

from

DayMonth

Marriages in Liminka ParishPage 45In the year 1893

21 1.24

Farmer’s son, unmarried Abram Heikinpoika Juustila and young farmer’s daughter, Maria Isakintytär Pääkkö. Married at Pääkkö.

By G.G. Forsman

30 1:22June

Finland 13

READING GOTHIC SCRIPT

Reading the old style Finnish or Swedish script may seemoverwhelming at first, butyou will find that although eachscribe used a slight variation of the old style script, theywere all quite consistent in their writing.

You will also find that after learning the most commongiven names and a few common terms, you will be ableto read most of the documents you encounter.

SUMMARY: FINDING A FINNISH FAMILY, BEFORE 1900

For detailed steps, see “The Research Process” on pages 3–6.

1. Find your ancestor’s birth record in church records.

• Verify what you know about this ancestor.

• Add new information or make any corrections on thefamily group record.

• Write source information on the back of the familygroup record.

2. Find your ancestor and his or her siblings in the precon-firmation book in church records.

• Choose the preconfirmation book that includes theyear of your ancestor’s birth because then the familywill be at the given residence.

• Write down the siblings’ birth dates and places andthe source of the information on the family grouprecord.

• Look in earlier and later preconfirmation books foradditional children in the family.

• If precommunion books are not available, go directlyto the communion books.

3. Find your ancestor’s parents in a communion book inchurch records.

• Choose the communion book that includes the year ofyour ancestor’s birth because then the family will beat the given residence.

• Write down the parents’ ages, birthplaces, and anyother information about them.

• You may find older siblings who had their firstcommunion listed with the parents. Write down infor-mation about them and the source information on thefamily group record.

4. Find the birth records (Church records) for yourancestor’s siblings.

• Using the given birth dates and places from thepreconfirmation or communion book, look in churchrecords for the birth records of each child.

• Write the names, birth dates, places, and source infor-mation on the family group record.

5. Find the marriage record (Church records) of yourancestor’s parents.

• Look at marriage records from the time and placeof the birth of your ancestor’s oldest brother or sister(or verify the marriage date, if it is given in thecommunion book).

• If you do not find the record there, then search thetowns where the parents were born and neighboringtowns.

• From the marriage record, write the complete marriagedate and place and places of residence of the bride andgroom.

• Write source information on your family group record.Then follow the same steps to find a parent’s family.

Tips

• For help reading Finnish or Swedish and under-standing handwriting, see Genealogical Word List:Finnish and Genealogical Word List: Swedish. (See“Where to Order Publications” on page 15).

• Several books give instructions about reading oldscript.Karskela, Sirkka. Sukututkijan tietokirja, pp. 21–25.FHL book 948.97 D27k. Suomen Sukututkimusseura. Sukututkimus: askelaskeleelta, pp. 134–135. FHL book 948.97 D27k. Also useful for Finland is Danish NorwegianPaleography (FHL fiche 6030017).

• Practice writing the names of your ancestors in thehandwriting style shown in the above publications.This will help you learn to read old Finnish recordsmuch faster.

READING GOTHIC SCRIPT • SUMMARY

NOTES

14 Finland

Finland 15

ADDITIONAL HELPS

Naming Customs in Finland

Given names in two languages

In Finland, records may be in Finnish or in Swedish. Manycommon personal names have a Swedish and Finnish form.A person’s name may change from one record to another.

• In church records, ministers usually wrote the Swedishnames.

• In histories and family histories, most people usedFinnish names.

Some common name variations are:

Patronymics, until the late 1800s or early 1900s

• A boy’s surname was his father’s given name and thesuffix -poika/-sson. In Finnish an n was added betweenthe father’s name and the suffix.

• A girl’s surname was her father’s given name and thesuffix -tytär/-dotter. In Finnish, an n was added betweenthe father’s name and the suffix.

• A woman’s patronymic name did not change when shemarried.

• Sometimes a person used an occupation, town name,or other nickname in addition to his or her patronymicsurname.

Transition period, 1880–1920s

• During the transition people frequently adopted theirfather’s patronymic, while others kept their own

patronymic. Some people took totally new names likeLindholm, Sjöberg, and Nybäck. City dwellers and arti-sans had actually done this to some extent for a longtime, but the practice became common in the late 1800s.

• Another common surname type was the farm name.Traditionally the farm name changed when the residence changed, but it could have been unchangedfor generations.

• A law given in 1921 prescribed that families shouldadopt fixed surnames that did not change with the nextgeneration.

Family surnames of eastern Finland

• In eastern Finland, the use of fixed family surnames hasexisted for as long as there are any written sources. Thesenames can be traced from generation to generation. Theyoften end in -nen, like Virtanen and Halonen.

Time Line

1686 A church law prescribed that parishes should beginkeeping records.

1753 Sweden and Finland made the transition from theJulian to the Gregorian calendar.

1808–1809 The Finnish War. Sweden lost Finland to Russia.

1863 Finnish was proclaimed equal to Swedish as an offi-cial language.

1917 Finland declared independence from Russia.

1921 A law decreed that fixed surnames were mandatory.

What’s Next?

• Research Outline: Finland (36216) describes strategies andrecords for more advanced searches.

More about Finnish Research:

• Vincent, Timothy Laitila and Rick Tapio, FinnishGenealogical Research, 1994. (FHL book 948.97 D27v).

• Kankaanpää, Matti J., Tuula Kiiski, and ElisabethUshanov, Sukututkimus: askel askeleelta, 1999. (FHL book 948.97 D27ka).

daughtersKirsti Laurintytär/Kerstin Larsdotter

sonsJaakko Laurinpoika/

Jakob Larsson

fatherLauri Kustaanpoika/Lars Gustavsson

grandfatherKustaa Matinpoika/Gustav Mattsson

Male NamesFinnish/Swedish

Antti/AndersJuho/JohanHeikki/HenrikAappo/AbramKaapo/Gabriel

Female NamesFinnish/Swedish

Kerttu/Gertru,Inkeri/IngridKaarina/KarinPirkko/BirgittaSohvi/Sofia

Where to Order Publications:• Internet: http://www.familysearch.org• Salt Lake Distribution Services: phone 801-240-3800

All Family History Library publications are described in:Family History Materials List (34083).

Family Group RecordHusband

Published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 10/93 Printed in USA 31827

If typing, set spacing at 1 1/2. Page of

Wife

Children List each child (whether living or dead) in order of birth.

Given name(s)

Given name(s)

Lastname

See "Othermarriages"

See "Othermarriages"

See "Othermarriages"

See "Othermarriages"

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

Buried

Married

Husband's fatherGiven name(s)

Husband's motherGiven name(s)

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

Buried

Wife's fatherGiven name(s)

Wife's motherGiven name(s)

Givenname(s)

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Married

Place

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Maidenname

Maidenname

Lastname

Maidenname

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Sealed to spouse

Temple

Deceased

Deceased

Temple

Deceased

Deceased

LDS ordinance dates

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

LDS ordinance datesPlace

Place

Place

Place

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

LDS ordinance dates Temple

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

See "Othermarriages"

Givenname(s)

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Married

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

Givenname(s)

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Married

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

Sealed to spouse

Sealed to spouse

Sealed to spouse

3

2

1

Select only one of the following options. The option you select appliesto all names on this form.

Option 1—Family File Send allnames to my family file at the

Option 2—Temple File Send all names to any temple,and assign proxies for all approved ordinances.

Option 3—Ancestral File Send all names to thecomputerized Ancestral File for research purposes only, notfor ordinances. I am including the required pedigree chart.

Your name

Address

Phone( )

Date prepared

Writ

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Oct

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6W

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: Tr

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Pol

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Car

olin

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SA

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St.

Mar

tins,

Birm

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Eng

.

Temple.

Husband

Page of

Wife

Children List each child (whether living or dead) in order of birth.

Given name(s)

Given name(s)

Lastname

6

5

4

7

Other marriages List other marriages and sealings of the husband, wife, and children on this form. List any necessary explanations.

Sources of information Add further information on attached sheets as necessary.

Note: Please take every reasonable step to see that the information on this form is as accurate and complete as practical. This will help maintain the integrity of Church familyhistory files and reduce duplication of temple ordinance work.

TempleLDS ordinance dates

See "Othermarriages"

Givenname(s)

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Married

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

Sealed to spouse

See "Othermarriages"

Givenname(s)

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Married

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

Sealed to spouse

See "Othermarriages"

Givenname(s)

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Married

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

Sealed to spouse

See "Othermarriages"

Givenname(s)

Born (day month year)

Christened

Died

SpouseGiven name(s)

Married

Baptized

Endowed

Sealed to parents

Place

Place

Place

Place

Lastname

Lastname

Sex

Sealed to spouse

Maidenname

additional helps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

archives and libraries (addresses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

birth records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

church records: birth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

church records: marriage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 12

communion books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

customs, naming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

family group record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 16

Family History Library Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

five steps for finding a family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–6

following the steps—the process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–6

gazetteer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

how to begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

map of Finland, counties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

marriage records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 12

microfilm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

more about Finnish research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

naming customs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

place-names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–8

places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–8

preconfirmation books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

reading Gothic script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

time line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

using the Family History Library Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

using the microfilm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

what’s next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

where to order publications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

ADDITIONAL HELPS

INDEX

Archives and Libraries

Family History Centerswww.familysearch.orgTel. 1-800-346-6044

Family History Library35 N. West Temple St., Rm. 344Salt Lake City, UT 84150-34001-801-240-2331

Finnish National Archive (Kansallisarkisto/Riksarkivet) Rauhankatu 1700170 HelsinkiFinlandTel. 011-358-9-228 521Fax 011-358-9-176 302

www.narc.fiE-mail: Kansallisarkisto@narc.fi

(The Internet site of the National Archives also gives theaddresses of the provincial archives.)

ADDITIONAL HELPS • INDEX

36687

4 02366 87000 4

ENGLISH

Other publications you will need:

Genealogical Word List: Finnish (35815)Genealogical Word List: Swedish (31028)

For Latter-day Saints:Instructions for submiting names for temple ordinances.

Please send suggestions to:

Publications CoordinationFamily History Library35 N. West Temple St. Rm. 344Salt Lake City, UT 84150-3400 USA

Fax: 801-240-5551

No part of this document may be reprinted, posted online, or reproduced in any form for anypurpose without the prior written

permission of the publisher. Sendall requests for such permission to:

Copyrights and PermissionsCoordinatorFamily and Church HistoryDepartment50 E. North Temple St. Rm. 599Salt Lake City, UT 84150-3400 USA

fhd-copyright@ldschurch.org

Fax: 801-240-2494

© 2001 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc All rights reserved Printed in the USA 9/02 36687

FINLAND COLLECTION

AVAILABLE AT THE

UTAH VALLEY FAMILY HISTORY CENTER

AND

BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

HAROLD B. LEE LIBRARY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Atlases, Gazetteers and Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . .. 1

Bibliography .............•................................. :..... 1

Biography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2

Census . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 3

Church History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3

Church Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4

Description and Travel 10

Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11

Emigration and Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . .. 11

Genealogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13

Historical Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15

History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . .. 16

Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18

Military Records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19

Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . .. 29

Nobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . .. 29

Officials and Employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . .. 29

Periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30

Postal and Shipping . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . .. 31

Public Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31

Social Life and Customs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35

Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35

Taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Yearbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 36

FinlandUtah Valley Regional Family History Centers' Collection

of Family History Records for Finland

Atlases, Gazetteers and Maps

Suomen paikkakuntahakemistoFinland - Gazetteers

Suomen historian kartasto = Atlas of Finnish HistoryHistorical map of Finland.

Suomen kartta = Karta over FinlandMaps of Finland.

Svenska ortnamn i Finland med finska motsvarigheterFinland - Gazetteers

Books

Atlas over Skargards-Finland : Saaristo-Suomen kartasto.Atlas of the archipelago of southwestern Finland /Redaktionskommitte: Helmer Smeds, ordfOrande; StigJaatinen, redaktiir [et aI.].

Finland.United States. Central Intelligence Agency.

Finland and its geography. Platt, Raye Roberts,

Finland, official standard names approved by the U.S. Board onGeographic Names / prepared in the Office of Geography,Department of the Interior.

824098 Item 3

157159

157159

824098 Item 4

G 6960 .N68x

PREX 3.10/4: F 49/5DK450.P53

D5.319:F49

Suomen kartasto =Atlas of Finland.

Tourist map of Finland.

Vanhoja suomen karttoja = Old maps of Finland.

Bibliography

G 2075 .F47 1976 no.261-263

G6961 .E635 1976 .F5x

911.471 Va3151973

See BYLINE under the following headings for BYU holdings

I

FINLAND BIBLIOGRAPHY

FINLAND BIBLIOGRAPHY PERIODICALS

Biography

Bankmatrikel for Finland: biografiska uppgifter angaende tjanstepersonalenvid bankinrattningar na i Finland = Suomen pankkimatrikkeli : elamakerrallisiatietoja Suomen pankkilaitoksiin kuuluvista henkiloista

Biographies of Finnish bankers and bank officers. 908286 Item 2

BiographicaBiographies, some family histories, genealogical notesand obituaries of well known Finnish people, from abt. 1641-1934.

Haartmansdorff, Christopher E. - Homen, Gustaf W.

Homen, GustafWiIliarn - Jannain, Pavel

Jansson, Agathe - Klick, C. H.

von Pfaler, Axel Fredric - Ricksten

Ruth, Goran - Schwartz, Carl Magnus

Finlands lakare och apotekare : biografiska uppgifter am Finlandsnu lefvande lakare och apotekare

Biographies of Finnish physicians and pharmasists.

Suomen insinoorejaja arkkitehteja = Ingenjorer och arkitekter i FinlandBiographies of Finnish engineers and architects.

Suomen lakimiehet, 1949 = Finlands jurister

Books

A young Finn on Cape Ann / by Waino T. Ray.

55748 Item 1

55749 Item 1

55750 Item 1

55757 Item 1

55759 Item 1

908263 Item 2

908286 Item 1

908263 Item 1

E 184 .F5 R39x 1997

Dictionary of Scandinavian biography / general editor: Ernest Kay;with a memoir on the work of the Nordic Council by G. F. D. Danson,and with the full text of the treaty of cooperation betweenDenmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. CT 1243 .D53

2

First a Finn kid / Eva H. Erickson. F 550 .F5 E75x 1994

In two cultures: the stories of second generation Finnish-Americans /edited by Aili Jarvenpa. E 184 .F5 16 1992

Isaac Polvi : the autobiography of a Finnish immigrant / edited byJoseph Darnrell ; [translated from the Finnish by Alex Sironen]. F 572 .N8 P65 1991

Karelia: a Finnish-American couple in Stalin's Russia / Lawrenceand Sylvia Hokkanen with Anita Middleton. DK 511 .K18 H65 1991

KetunkiveIHi: Helvi HiimiiHiinen eliimii 1907-1954/Ritva Haavikko, Helvi Hiimiiliiinen.Finnish authors--20th century--Biography.

Mannerheim, Marshal of Finland / Stig Jagerskiold.

PH 355 .H24 Z67 1993

DLl 067.5 .M36134 1986

Sliiktbok : ny fiiljd / utgiven av Erik Lindh, Alf Brenner och IngegerdLund'en Cronstrom. CS 884 .S52x 1941

Suomen alempi sotilaspaii11ystO 1500-luvun loppupuolellaIn. v. 1570-1600]. Kiuasmaa, Kyosti.

The Finn in me : the chronicles of a Karelian emigrant /by Sinikka Gronberg Garcia.

Census

DK 451.5 .K5

E 184 .F5 037 1992

Alvsborgs losen, 1571Contains special taxation records general accounts, census lists, etc.of former Swedish provinces, in regards to the redemption of"Alvsborgs" fortress.

Uppsala och Stockholm Ian (Uppland) 1571 v. 1-2

Church History

Lisatietoja seurakunnanarkistoista : nuoret seurakunnatHistory and archives of young parishes in Finland.

Books

Finland i medeltidens Europa: valda uppsatser / Jarl Gallen;

3

52484

896896 Item 5

utgivna och redigerade av John DL 1052 .G35 1998

Kirkko j a uskonnollinen eHima teollistuvassa yhteiskunnassa :tutkimus Tampereesta 1855-1905 / kirjoittanut Paavo Kortekangas.Religious life and customs. Church history--19th century. BR 948.T3 K67

Ta1enta quinque: commentationes in honorem llmari Sa10mies,Eino Sormunen, E. G. Gu1in, BT 80 .T35x 1953

The Faith of the Finns: historical perspectives on the FinnishLutheran church in America / edited by Ralph J. Jalkanen. BX 8060 .F5 F35

The History of Finnish Theology 1828-1918 /by Eino Murtorinne.

Church Records

BV 4140.F5 M98x 1988

Annual genealogical report, Form E, 1907-1951These annual reports usually include records of blessings of children,baptisms, confirmations, marriages, deaths, missionary arrivals andreleases, priesthood ordinations, excommunications, emigrations, and divorces.The Swedish Mission belonged to the Scandinavian Mission until 1905 andincluded the Finnish Mission records until 1947. The Swedish Missionwas divided into these five conferences (districts) until 1951: 1) Stockholmwhich included these counties: Stockholm, Uppsala, Vastman1and, andGotland. 2) Norr1and (Sundsvall; Gavle) which included these counties:Vasternorr1and, Kopparberg (Dalarna), Jamt1and, Gav1eborg, Norrbotten,Vasterbotten, and the Finnish district of Larsmo. 3) Malmo (Skane)which included these counties: Malmohus, Kristianstad, and Blekinge.4) Giiteborg which included these counties: Goteborg och Bohus,Halland, Alvsborg, Varmland, Jonkoping, and Kronoberg. 5) Norrkopingwhich included these counties: Soderman1and, Kalmar, bstergotland,brebro, and Skaraborg.

early 1946 Record of membersearly 1949 Record of members1864-1874 Artemark Branch (Alvsborg)early 1947 Bor1ange Branch (Called Bergslagen and

Dalarna Branch) (Kopparberg)early 1950 Eskilstuna Branch (Soderman1and)1864-1870 Frandefors Branch (A1vsborg)1861-1881 Gardstanga Branch (Malmohus)

4

8293682937

82938 Item 1

82938 Items 2-482938 Items 5-782938 Item 882939 Items 1-2

1904-1951 Gavle Branch (Gavleborg)early 1938 Gavle District1855-1948 Goteborg Branch (Goteborg och Bohus)1904-1947 Goteborg District1858-1929 Gotland Branch (Visby, Gotland)1853-1930 Halmstad Branch (Halland)1853-1951 Halsingborg Branch (Malmohus)early 1930 Harnosand Branch (Vasternorrland)1863-1874 Hasselholm Branch (Kristianstad)1852-1872 Hjo Branch (Skaraborg)1942-1949 Hogmarso Branch (Stockholm)1857-1874 Horby Branch (Malmohus)1862-1930 Jonkoping Branch (Jonkoping)1853-1928 Kalmar Branch (Kalmar)1871-1903 Karlskrona Branch (Blekinge)1856-1876 Karlstad Branch (Varmland)1863-1930 Kristianstad Branch (Kristianstad).

Landskrona see Halsingborg Branch1857-1878 Linkoping Branch (Ostergotland)1880-1922 Lulea Branch (Norrbotten)1852-1899 Lund Branch (Malmohus)1854-1869 Lyngby Branch (Malmohus)1852-1946 Malmo Branch (Malmohus)1852-1941 Malmo District1855-1862 Medelplana Branch (Skaraborg)1864-1878 Mellerud Branch (Holm, Alvsborg)early 1929 Morgongava Branch (Vittinge, Vastmanland)1855-1867 Motala Branch (Ostergotland)1954-1867 Navlinge Branch (Kristianstad).

Naverstad see Stromstad Branch1856-1866 Nora Branch (Orebro)1855-1946 Norrkoping Branch (Ostergotland)1853-1930 Norrkoping District1855-1949 Orebro Branch (Orebro)early 1949 Orebro Branch (Orebro)1861-1911 Ostersund Branch (Jamtland)1857-1860 Ragunda Branch (Jamtland)1958-1866 Rastock Branch (Romelanda, Goteborg och Bohus)1854 Riseberga Branch (Kristianstad)1857-1859 Risinge Branch (Ostergotland).

Sala see Morgongava Branch.1857-1859 Sallerup Branch (Malmohus1854-1895 Skara Branch (Skaraborg)

5

82939 Items 3-482939 Items 5-782939 Items 8-1282939 Items 13-1482939 Items 15-1782940 Item 1-582940 Items 6-1082940 Item 1182940 Item 1282940 Items 13-1482940 Item 1582940 Items 16-1782940 Items 18-2092841 Items 1-382941 Items 4-582941 Items 6-7

82941 Items 8-1282941 Items 13-1482941 Items 15-1782941 Items 18-2182941 Items 22-2382942 Items 1-782942 Items 8-1082942 Item 1182942 Item 1282942 Item 1382942 Items 14-15

82942 Items 16-1882943 Item 182943 Item 2-682943 Item 7-882943 Item 9-1182943 Items 12-1482943 Items 15-1782944 Item 182944 Item 282944 Item 3

82944 Item 482944 Item 582944 Items 6-8

1853-1857 Skonaback Branch (Slimminge, Ma1mo-hus)1854-1911 Skovde Branch (Skaraborg).

Soderman1ands see Eski1stuna Branch1854-1911 Skovde Branch (Skaraborg).

Sodermanlands see Eskilstuna Branch.1864-1903 Solvarbo Branch (Gustafs, Kopparberg)1854-1947 Stockholm Branch and District (Stockholm)1862-1869 Stromstad Branch (Goteborg och Bohus)1857-1922 Sundsvall Branch (Vasternorr1and)1854-1856 Svedala Branch (Malmohus)1860-1862 Sventorp Branch (Skaraborg)1856-1869 Trelleborg Branch (Ma1mohus)1861-1900 Trollhattan Branch (A1vsborg)1857-1863 U1riceharnn Branch (A1vsborg)1865-1944 Uppsala Branch (Uppsa1a)1860-1863 Vadstena Branch (Ostergot1and)1853-1863 Va1iby Branch (Kyrkheddinge, Malmohus)1862-1868 Vanersborg Branch (A1vsborg)1862-1945 Vasteras Branch (Vastman1and)1864-1868 Vastergot1and District (Skaraborg; A1vsborg)1853-1912 Vastervik Branch (Kalmar)1859-1870 Vaxjo Branch (Kronoberg)1883-1889 Vittskovle Branch (Kristianstad)1853-1874 Viggarum Branch (Langarod, Ma1mohus)1879-1946 Vingaker Branch (Soderman1and)1857-1906 Ystad Branch (Malmohus)1902-1921 Ostersund Branch (Jamtland)early 1911 Norrkoping District1862-1878 Goteborg District1931-1948 Morgongava Branch (Vastman1and)1856-1896 Norrkoping Branch (Ostergot1and)1931-1947 Kramfors Branch (Vasternorr1and)1930-1935 Record of 1st and unkown members1870-1874 Vastman1and District

82944 Item 10

82944 Item 9

82944 Item 11-1582945 Item 182945 Items 2-982946 Item 182946 Items 2-582946 Item 682946 Item 782946 Items 8-982946 Items 10-1282946 Item 1382946 Item 14-1782947 Item 182947 Item 2-382947 Item 482947 Items 5-1082947 Item 1182947 Items 12-1682947 Item 1782947 Item 1882947 Items 19-2282947 Items 23-2682947 Items 27-28216682 Item 1216682 Item 2216682 Item 3889354 Item 9889372 Item 6889347 Item 5889347 Item 4889388 Item 5

Annual genealogical report, Form E, 1927-1952These annual reports usually include records of blessings of children, baptisms,confirmations, marriages, deaths, missionary arrivals and releases, priesthoodordinations, excommunications, emigrations, and divorces. In 1950the Finnish Mission had these branches: Helsinki, Lahti, Tampere,Pori, Jakobstad (Pietarsaari), Larsmo, Hameenlinna, Jyvasky1a,Turku, Kokko1a, Vasa (Vaasa), and Skinnarvik. For earlier recordssee the Swedish Mission records.

6

1927-1934 Stockholm Conference1942 Norrland Conference1941-1945 Norrland Conference1946 all branches1947 all branches1947 Gamla Karleby District Larsmo Branch HelsinkiDistrict Helsinki Branch1948 Helsinki District Helsinki, Tampere, Turku BranchesLarsmo District Pietarsaari (Jakobstad) and Larsmo Branches

1949 Helsinki District Turku, Helsinki, and Lahti Branches LarsmoDistrict Jakobstad (Pietarsaari) and Larsmo Branches TampereDistrict Tampere Branch1950 Finnish District; all branches1951 Finnish District; all branches

Scandinavian LDS Mission Index

55768 Item 155768 Item 255768 Item 355768 Item 455768 Item 5

55768 Item 7

55768 Item 7

55768 Item 855768 Item 955768 Item 10

Name

A - Andersen, HansAndersen, Hans - Anderson, Ester AliceAnderson, Ester Alice - Arnesen, Gunda (Larsen)Arnesen, Gunda (Olsen) - Bjorklund, Elsa WilhelminaBjorklund, Elsa Wilhelmina (Stjemborg) - Carlson WilhelmCarlson, Wilhelm - Christiansen, Anne SofieChristiansen, Anne Sophie - Ehlers, Henrik F.Ehlers, Josephine - Erikson, Kristina MathildaErikson, Kristina Sigvor Ethel - Glad, Erik Yngve EmanuelGlad, P. L. - Halversen, BritHalversen, Carl C - Hansen, LauritzHansen, Laust - Hentzen, Johan (Jensen)Hentzen, Julie Caroline Kristine - Jacobsen, OleJacobsen, Ole - Jensen, HansJensen, Hans - Johanesen, Karen AnetheJohanesen, Laura M. - Johansson, FredrickJohansson, Fredrika - Jorgensen, JensJorgensen, Jens - Kritschmer, anna K. P. (Poulsen)Kritzshmer, Annna K. P. Poulsen - Larson, AnnaLarson, Anna - Lindgren, MariaLindgren, Maria - Madsen, Maren (Laursen)Madsen, Maren (Petersen) - Mortensen, Ane A.Mortensen, Ane B. - Nielsen, Jens Chr. (Hasland)

7

Fiche Number 6060482

Fiches 1-10Fiches 11-20Fiches 21-30Fiches 31-40Fiches 41-50Fiches 51-60Fiches 61-70Fiches 71-80Fiches 81-90Fiches 91-100Fiches 101-110Fiches 111-120Fiches 121-130Fiches 131-140Fiches 141-150Fiches 151-160Fiches 161-170Fiches 171-180Fiches 181-190Fiches 191-200Fiches 201-210Fiches 211-220Fiches 221-230

Nielsen, Jens Chr. (Munch) - Nilsson, AnnaNilsson, Anna - Olsen, ArneOlsen, Arne - Olsson, Johan FredricOlsson, Johan Fredrick - Pehrsson, ChrisPehrsson, Christen - Petersen, NielsPetersen, Niels - Preatorius, Thor Vald. W.Predensdr., Petronelle - Samuelsen, Etta Caroline M.Samuelsen, Etta Carolina Maria - Sorensen Weibel, Juline KjertineSorensen Weibel, Elise Rebekka - Stuve, Vihelmikne MarianeStuve, Vilhelmine Mariane - Thoresen, KrThoresen, Lenard T - Westlund, Gosta Arvid OskarWestlund, Gosta Arvid Oskar - Zvick, Calle Johan Ferdinant

Suomen kirkonarkistojen Uirkeimmat asiakirjasarjatAlphabetical listing of parishes stating the years whenchurch records available.

Records of members, early to 1952Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

early - 1952 all branches1876-1900 all branches

Record of members 1852-1951Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

early 1946 Record of membersearly 1949 Record of members1864-1874 Artemark Branch (Alvsborg)early 1947 Borlange Branch (Called Bergslagen and

Dalarna Branch) (Kopparberg)early 1950 Eskilstuna Branch (Sodermanland)1864-1870 Frandefors Branch (Alvsborg)1861-1881 Gardstanga Branch (Malmohus)1904-1951 Gavle Branch (Gavleborg)early 1938 Gavle District1855-1948 Goteborg Branch (Goteborg och Bohus)1904-1947 Goteborg District1858-1929 Gotland Branch (Visby, Gotland)1853-1930 Halmstad Branch (Halland)1853-1951 Halsingborg Branch (Malmohus)early 1930 Harnosand Branch (Vastemorrland)1863-1874 Hasselholm Branch (Kristianstad)

8

Fiches 231-240Fiches 241-250Fiches 251-260Fiches 261-270Fiches 271-280Fiches 281-290Fiches 291-300Fiches 301-310Fiches 311-320Fiches 321-330Fiches 331-240Fiches 341-344

157159

55768 Item II55768 Item 12

8293682937

82938 Item 1

82938 Items 2-482938 Items 5-782938 Item 882939 Items 1-282939 Items 3-482939 Items 5-782939 Items 8-1282939 Items 13-1482939 Items 15-1782940 Item 1-582940 Items 6-1082940 Item 1182940 Item 12

1852-1872 Hjo Branch (Skaraborg)1942-1949 Hogrnarso Branch (Stockholm)1857-1874 Horby Branch (Malmohus)1862-1930 Jonkoping Branch (Jonkoping)1853-1928 Kalmar Branch (Kalmar)1871-1903 Karlskrona Branch (Blekinge)1856-1876 Karlstad Branch (Varmland)1863-1930 Kristianstad Branch (Kristianstad).

Landskrona see Halsingborg Branch1857-1878 Linkoping Branch (Ostergotland)1880-1922 Lulea Branch (Norrbotten)1852-1899 Lund Branch (Malmohus)1854-1869 LyngbyBranch (Malmohus)1852-1946 Malmo Branch (Malmohus)1852-1941 Malmo District1855-1862 Medelplana Branch (Skaraborg)1864-1878 Mellerud Branch (Holm, Alvsborg)early 1929 Morgongava Branch (Vittinge, Vastmanland)1855-1867 Motala Branch (Ostergotland)1954-1867 Navlinge Branch (Kristianstad).

Naverstad see Stromstad Branch1856-1866 Nora Branch (Orebro)1855-1946 Norrkoping Branch (Ostergotland)1853-1930 Norrkoping District1855-1949 Orebro Branch (Orebro)early 1949 Orebro Branch (Orebro)1861-1911 Ostersund Branch (Jamtland)1857-1860 RagundaBranch (Jamtland)1958-1866 Rastock Branch (Romelanda, Goteborg och Bohus)1854 Riseberga Branch (Kristianstad)1857-1859 Risinge Branch (Ostergotland).

Sala see Morgongava Branch.1857-1859 Sallerup Branch (Malmohus1854-1895 Skara Branch (Skaraborg)1853-1857 Skonaback Branch (Slimminge, Malmo-hus)1854-1911 Skovde Branch (Skaraborg).

Sodermanlands see Eskilstuna Branch1854-1911 Skovde Branch (Skaraborg).

Sodermanlands see Eskilstuna Branch.1864-1903 Solvarbo Branch (Gustafs, Kopparberg)1854-1947 Stockholm Branch and District (Stockholm)1862-1869 Stromstad Branch (Goteborg och Bohus)1857-1922 Sundsvall Branch (Vastemorrland)

9

82940 Items 13-1482940 Item 1582940 Items 16-1782940 Items 18-2092841 Items 1-382941 Items 4-582941 Items 6-7

82941 Items 8-1282941 Items 13-1482941 Items 15-1782941 Items 18-2182941 Items 22-2382942 Items 1-782942 Items 8-1082942 Item 1182942 Item 1282942 Item 1382942 Items 14-15

82942 Items 16-1882943 Item 182943 Item 2-682943 Item 7-882943 Item 9-1182943 Items 12-1482943 Items 15-1782944 Item 182944 Item 282944 Item 3

82944 Item 482944 Item 582944 Items 6-882944 Item 10

82944 Item 9

82944 Item 11-1582945 Item I82945 Items 2-982946 Item 182946 Items 2-5

1854-1856 Svedala Branch (Malmohus)1860-1862 Sventorp Branch (Skaraborg)1856-1869 Trelleborg Branch (Malmohus)1861-1900 Trollhattan Branch (Alvsborg)1857-1863 Ulricehamn Branch (Alvsborg)1865-1944 Uppsala Branch (Uppsala)1860-1863 Vadstena Branch (Ostergotland)1853-1863 Valiby Branch (Kyrkheddinge, Malmohus)1862-1868 Vanersborg Branch (Alvsborg)1862-1945 Vasteras Branch (Vastmanland)1864-1868 Vastergotland District (Skaraborg; Alvsborg)1853-1912 Vastervik Branch (Kalmar)1859-1870 Vaxjo Branch (Kronoberg)1883-1889 Vittskovle Branch (Kristianstad)1853-1874 Viggarum Branch (Langarod, Malmohus)1879-1946 Vingaker Branch (Sodermanland)1857-1906 Ystad Branch (Malmohus)1902-1921 Ostersund Branch (Jamtland)early 1911 Norrkoping District1862-1878 Goteborg District1931-1948 Morgongava Branch (Vastmanland)1856-1896 Norrkoping Branch (Ostergotland)1931-1947 Kramfors Branch (Vastemorrland)1930-1935 Record of 1st and unkown members1870-1874 Vastmanland District

The records of the Swedish Lutheran churches at Raccoon andPenns Neck, 1713-1786. Translated and compiled by the FederalWriters' Project of the Work Progress Administration, state ofNew Jersey; with an introduction and notes by Amandus Johnson.

Description and Travel

Books

Finland: a Lonely Planet travel survival kit / Markus Lehtipuu.

82946 Item 682946 Item 782946 Items 8-982946 Items 10-1282946 Item 1382946 Item 14-1782947 Item I82947 Item 2-382947 Item 482947 Items 5-1082947 Item II82947 Items 12-1682947 Item 1782947 Item 1882947 Items 19-2282947 Items 23-2682947 Items 27-28216682 Item I216682 Item 2216682 Item 3889354 Item 9889372 Item 6889347 Item 5889347 Item 4889388 Item 5

BX 8076 .R27 S8

DL 101O.L4 1996

Travellers' guide: Finland / by Sylvie Nickels; with 23 photos bySylvie Nickels and Penny Tweedie. DL 1015.3 .N52x 1965

See BYLINE under the following headings for additional BYU holdings

10

FINLAND DESCRIPTION AND TRAVEL

FINLAND DESCRIPTION AND TRAVEL PICTORIAL WORKS

Dictionaries

Amerikansuomen sanakirja =A dictionary of American Finnish /Pertti Virtaranta. PH 291 .V57 1992

Finnish-English dictionary. PH 279 .V82x 1953

Nykysuomen sanakirja / valtion toimeksiannosta teettanyt Suomalaisenkirjallisuuden seura ; paatoimittaja Matti Sadeniemi ; tomitussihteeriJouko Vesikansa; muut toimituskunnanjasenet Arvo T. Inkila ... ret aL]Finnish 1anguage--Dictionaries. PH 275 .N95x 1983 voU

Suomalais-englantilainen koulusanakirja / [Kirj.] Anion Woulle.Finnish-English dictionary. PH279 .W854 1971

Uusi suomi-englanti suursanakirja =Finnish-English generaldictionary / Raija Hurme, Riitta-Leena Malin, Olli Syvaoja. PH279 .H83 1984

Emigration and Immigration

Along the Scandinavian emigrant trail 897,215 Item 2

Emigration records, 1905-1932 25700

Forteckning over till Harnosandsomradet invandrade personerfodda i Finland, framst Ostebotten, 1808-1939 1,364,873 Item 13

Scandinavians on the Pacific, Puget Sound 1,321,452 Item 7

BooksFinlandska invandrarfamiljer = Finnish immigrant families /Birgitta Jacobsson, Rolf Karrento.Finns--Sweden. HT 455 .J33x 1973

Finlandssvenskar i Amerika =The Finland-Swedes in America /Anders Myhrman. E 184 .F5 M93x 1972

Finnish immigrants in America, 1880-1920.

11

Hoglund, A. William (Arthur William) E 184 .F5 H58 1960

Finnish identity in America I [Melvin G. Holli et al. ... j E 184 .F5 F4948 1990

Finns in North America. Paananen, Eloise. E 184 .F5 E53x 1975

Finns in North America: proceedings of Finn Forum ill,5-8 September 1984, Turku, Finland I edited by Michael G. Karni,Olavi Koivukangas, Edward W. Laine. E 184 .F5 F48x 1984

For the common good: Finnish immigrants and the radical responseto industrial America.

Maastamuutto ja tyovoimapolitiikka : tutkimus tyovoimanRuotsiinmuuton yksilollisesta ja yhteiskunnallisistasyy-yhteyksista I Turo Bergman.

E 184 .F5 F6

JV8228.F5 B47

Red exodus: Finnish-American emigration to Russia IMayme Sevander. DK 511 .K18 S48 1993

The Delaware Finns: or, The first permanent settlements inPennsylvania, Delaware, West New Jersey and eastern part ofMaryland I by E.A. Louhi. F 175 .F5 L7

The Finnish experience in the western Great Lakes region:new perspectives I edited by Michael G. Kami,Matti E. Kaups, Douglas J. Ollila, Jr. E 184 .F5 F5 1975

The Finns in North America: destinations and composition ofimmigrant societies in North America before WorId War I Iby Reino Kero. E 184 .F5 K47 1980

The immigrants I by Charles Victor Palmer.Finnish-Americans--Minnesota--Meadow1ands. fFF614 .M43 P35x 1997

The Scandinavian presence in North America Iedited by Erik J. Friis. E 184 .S18 S75 1976

Tyovoiman kansainvalisen muutto1iikkeen mekanismi: tutkimusRuotsiin muuton syistii. =The mechanism of international labourmigration: a study of the causes of Finnish emigration to Sweden.

12

Ronald Wiman.

Women who dared: the history of Finnish American women /edited by Carl Ross and K. Marianne Wargelin Brown.

Genealogy

JV 8192 .W54

E 184 .F5 W65x 1986

Av trysilfinsk <EttA genealogy of Martin Andersen born 16 May 1818 on the farmRysj¢berget in Trysil in Hedmark county and died in 1892 in Stangein Hedmark county in Norway. The earliest known ancestor Anders OlsenKuosmainen born 1627 and his wife Marte Paulsdatter Raatikainenwere born in Finland. Some of the text is in English. 1124517 Item 6

Finnish genealogical research: methods and proceduresFinland - Genealogy - Sources

Genealogia SursillianaGenealogy of the Sursill family (the descendants of Eric Angerman,called Sursill, originally from Sweden, settled in Finland).

897215 Item 16

962112 Item 2

Important references for genealogical research in FinlandSisiilto: I. Index -- 2. Suomenmaan waltiokalenteri, 1881 s. 364-365(vakilukutau!.); Finlands statskalender, 1881 s. 330-331 (vaki1uku- tau!.);Finlands stats-kalender, 1885 s. 106-109 (vakilukutaul.); Suomenmaanwaltiokalenteri, 1886 s. 112-113, 1938 s. 618-20,106-113 (vakilukutaul.ja tuomio-, kihla- ja rovastikuntiin kuuluvien paik- kakuntien luettelo);Finlands statskalender, 1939 s.610-612, 108- 115 (folkmangdstab. ochortregister med avseende a domsaga, harad och prosteri); Suomenvaltiokalenteri, 1950 s. 690-92, 122-127 (va- kilukutau!. japaikkakuntahakemisto); Finlands statskalender, 1950 s. 672-74,122-127 (folkmangdstab. och ortregister) -- 3. Memoran- dum onthe genealogical material on record in the Archives of Finland to bemicrofilmed as requested by the Genealogical Society of the Church ofJesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. 7 p. -- 4. Suomen kir-konarkistojentarkeimmat asiakirjasarjat / laatinut Osmo Durchman. 1948. 181 s. -- 5.Personhistorisk tidskrift, fyrtionde argangen, 1939-1940/ av PersonhistoriskaSamfundet, s. 118-137, artikel: For- samlingarnas i Finland kyrkobocker /av Osmo Durchman -- 6. Church record extracts guide / compiledby Cai L. Lindquist. 1953. 59 s. -- 7. Finlands territoriala fOrsamlingars

13

alder, utbildning och ut- grening intilll885 firs utgang / af K. G. Leinberg.1886.iv, 159 s. -- 8. Suomen kartasto =Atlas of Finland =Atlas overFinland, 1925. Helsinki, 1925-1928.6 s. -- 9. Atlas of Finland, 1925 :text. Hel- sinki : WSOY, 1929. s. 310-320 (area and population of Finlandaccording to provinces, districts and communes) -- 10. [Map of Fin-landafter 1944] -- 11. Suomen kartta = Karta over Finland / Maan­mittaushallituksen toimittama, 1927. 65 s. -- 12. Suomen historiankartasto = Atlas of Finnish history / toim. Eino Jutikkala. Porvoo :WSOY, 1949.83 s. -- 13. I handskrifter fOrekommande bokstavstyperoch siffror i kronologisk ordning under 1500-1800-talen /tecknade av John Lindner. Goteborg : Elanders Boktryckeri,1940.5 s.

Important references for genealogical research in Finland

Nagra drag ur den genealogiska forskningens historia i FinlandLectures on the history of genealogical research in Finland.

SHiktforskning : praktisk handbok fOr FinlandHandbook for Finnish research.

Sukukirja: Suomen aatelittomia sukujaGenealogies of Finnish families that were not of noble birth.

v. 1 Aeimelaeus - Lithoviusv. 2 Lundahl - Osterbladh

Suomen kirkon paimenmuistio : 19:n vuosisadan alusta nykyaikaanMemorial of the clergy of Finland. This is mostly an unprinted partof O. 1. Colliander's book

Forsman, Fredrik - Gummerus, Anders Johan (925-1135)

Gummerus, Henrik Johan - Hougberg, Sven Abraham (1136-1465)

Hougberg, Sven Nils - Krank, Elias Wilhelm (1466-1817)

Krank, Frans Peter - Lundberg, Carl Isidor (1818-2155)

Rehbinder, Karl August - Simelius, Nils (2795-3147)

Simelius, Otto Vilhelm - Tennberg, Alexander (3148-3478)

14

157159

824098 Item 5

824098 Item 2

396357396358

55725 Item I

55726 Item I

55727 Item I

55728 Item 1

55731 Item I

55732 Item I

Tennberg, lohan - Westzynthius, Karl Gabriel (3479-3782)

Swedish vs Finnish research

Books

55733 Item I

824098 Item 6

Finnish genealogical research / by Timothy Laitila Vincentand Rick Tapio. CS 882 .V4x 1994

Finnish genealogical research: methods and procedures.Walli, Harry Waldemar. CS 2 .W669x 1969 vol.5

Finnish genealogical research: methods and procedures.Walli, Harry Waldemar. 929.1 W893 V.5 nO.E-15

Migration from the Russian Empire: lists of passengers arrivingat the Port of New York / edited by Ira A. Glazier. E 184 .R9 M54 1995 voU

SHiktbok : Ny foljd.Cronstrom, Ingegerd Lunden.

Slaktbok : ny fOljd / utgiven av Erik Lindh, Alf Brenneroch Ingegerd Lund'en Cronstrom.

CS 884 .C76x vol.2 pt.3-4

CS 884 .S52x 1941

Slaktforskning : praktisk handbok for Finland / av Alf Brenner. CS 882 .B73x 1947

Sukututkimuksen kasikirja. Seka otteita kirjasta "Kurs i Slaktforsning."Sukututkimustyon Ohjeita SisaItava Kasikirja MyohempienAikojen Pyhien leesuksen Kristuksen KirkonSuomalaisille Jasenille. Olphin, David L. CS 882 .056x 1957

Sukututkimuksen opas / Seppo Sampio

Sukututkimuksen opas, suomentanut Heikki Soininvaara.Brenner, Alf,

The beginner's guide to Finnish genealogical research /compiled by Margarita Choquette ... let al.]

Historical Geography

15

CS 882 .S25

CS 882 .B82x

CS 882 .C48x 1985

Books

Territories, boundaries, and consciousness : the changing geographiesof the Finnish-Russian boundary / Anssi Paasi ;foreword byW.R. Mead. JC 319 .P32 1996

History

Keskikoulun Suomen historia : oppi- ja lukukirja keski- jatyttiikouluille sekii seminaareille

History of Finland (study course for schools).

Books

896896 Item 2

At the foot of the Beartooth Mountains: a history of the Finnishcommunity of Red Lodge, Montana / Leona Lampi. F 739 .R42 L36x 1998

Expansion and retreat of settlement in the southwesternarchipelago of Finland. Jaatinen, Stig. HB 2068.3 .P47 J33x

Finlandssvenskar i Amerika =The Finland-Swedes in America /Anders Myhrman. E 184 .F5 M93x 1972

Finnish radicals and religion in Midwestern mining towns,1865 1914/ Arthur Edwin Puotinen. F552 .P9 1979

Finns in Wisconsin / by Mark Knipping. F 590 .F5 K5

The Delaware Finns: or, The first permanent settlements inPennsylvania, Delaware, West New Jersey and eastern partof Maryland / by E.A. Louhi. F 175 .F5 L7

The Swedes and Finns in New Jersey microform / written andillustrated by the Federal Writers' Project of the Works ProgressAdministration, State of New Jersey; with an introduction byAmandus Johnson. Fiche CS 43 .G46x LH 1235.

Women who dared: the history of Finnish American women /edited by Carl Ross and K. Marianne Wargelin Brown. E 184 .F5 W65x 1986

See BYLINE under the following headings for additional BYU holdings

16

FINLAND HISTORIOGRAPHY

FINLAND HISTORY

FINLAND HISTORY 1808-1809 FICTION

FINLAND HISTORY 1809-1917

FINLAND HISTORY 1809-1917 FICTION

FINLAND HISTORY 1917-1945

FINLAND HISTORY 1918-1939

FINLAND HISTORY 1939-

FINLAND HISTORY 1939- ANECDOTES

FINLAND HISTORY 1939- FICTION

FINLAND HISTORY 18TH CENTURY

FINLAND HISTORY 20TH CENTURY

FINLAND HISTORY AUTONOMY AND INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTSFOREIGN PUBLIC OPINION BRITISH

FINLAND HISTORY BffiLIOGRAPHY

FINLAND HISTORY BffiLIOGRAPHY CATALOGS

FINLAND HISTORY CONGRESSES

FINLAND HISTORY DICTIONARIES

FINLAND HISTORY FICTION

FINLAND HISTORY LOCAL

FINLAND HISTORY LOCAL CONGRESSES

FINLAND HISTORY LOCAL SOURCES BffiLIOGRAPHY CATALOGS

17

FINLAND HISTORY MlLITARY

FINLAND HISTORY MlLITARY 20TH CENTURY

FINLAND HISTORY PERIODICALS

FINLAND HISTORY PICTORIAL WORKS

FINLAND HISTORY PICTORIAL WORKS

FINLAND HISTORY REVOLUTION 1917-1918

FINLAND HISTORY REVOLUTION 1917-1918 BIBLIOGRAPHY

FINLAND HISTORY REVOLUTION 1917-1918 FICTION

FINLAND HISTORY RUSSIAN CONQUEST 1808-1809 POETRY

FINLAND HISTORY RUSSIAN CONQUEST 1808-1809 SOURCES

FINLAND HISTORY SOURCES

FINLAND HISTORY TO 1523

FINLAND lLMAVOIMAT

FINLAND lLMAVOIMAT HISTORY

Language

Books

Language suggestions. Lessons for learning the Finnish language.Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Finnish Mission. BX 8656.1 .Ala no.3

The English of Finnish Americans: with reference to social andpsychological background factors and with special referenceto age / by Paivi Pietila. PE 1129 .F5 P53x 1989

18

See BYLINE under the following headings for additional BYU holdings

FINNISH LANGUAGE GLOSSARIES VOCABULARIES ETC

FINNISH LANGUAGE GRAMMAR

FINNISH LANGUAGE GRAMMAR COMPARATIVE ENGLISH

FINNISH LANGUAGE NEW WORDS DICTIONARIES

FINNISH LANGUAGE STUDY AND TEACHING

FINNISH LANGUAGE STUDY AND TEACHING ELEMENTARY FINLAND

FINNISH LANGUAGE STUDY AND TEACHING ENGLISH SPEAKERS

FINNISH LANGUAGE SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS DICTIONARIES

FINNISH LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS FOR FOREIGN SPEAKERS ENGLISH

FINNISH LANGUAGE TRANSLATING INTO ENGLISH

FINNISH LANGUAGE UNITED STATES

Military Records

AvlOningslistor 1636-1791Pay rolls of officers in Swedish Army service, including Finnishpersonnel and regiments, with register of regiments and commanders.

1704

Dombocker och krigsrattsacta, 1689-1708Court and army documents of the Military Court, including courtmartials and sentences of personnel of Northern Finnish Regimentsin the Kings Service.

1705-1706

1708

19

190896

479299 Item 8

479299 Item 9

Dombdcker och krigsrattsacta, 1750-1811Court and army documents of the Military Court, including courtmartials and sentences, etc. of the Finnish Artillery Regiment inthe Kings Service.

1795

1797

1804

Dombdcker och krigsrattsacta, 1774-1789Court and army documents of the Military Court, including courtmartials and sentences of personnel of the Royal Army's Flotilla,Finnish Squadron.

1774

1776

Fdrteckning dver serien "Genera1mdnsterrullor" : 1680-1886Archive inventory of the General Muster Rolls of Swedishand Finnish Regiments.

Generalmdnsterrullor, 1681-1793Army muster rolls of artillery regiments, professional and enlistedin Swedish service, stationed in various garrisons in Sweden,coastal garrisons of Finland; Estonia; Ingerman1and, now Leningraddistrict, Russia; Ivangorod, Estonia; Bremen, Wismar, etc., Germany.

1720-1722

1779-1780

Genera1mdnsterrullor, 1684-1743Army muster rolls of the Swedish Nobility Cavalry Regiment,including also Finnish regiment.

Fdrteckning

Generalmdnsterrullor 1684, 1685, 1687

20

479293 Item 5

479302 Item 8

479294 Item 3

479314 Item 2

479314 Item 3

84653

167524

167554

167470

167470

Generalmonsterrullor, 1684-1884General muster rolls of the Halsingland Infantry Regiment,military personnel from Gavleborg, etc.

Generalmonsterrullor 1684, 1685, 1687, 1690,1692-1695,1712,1715

1792, 1796, 1801, 1805

1817,1822

1860, 1863

1874,1881,1884

Generalmonsterrullor, 1685-1806Army muster rolls of the Karjala Dragoon Regiment, in the serviceof the Swedish King. Karelia is now part of Leningrad, Russia.

1774,1778,1781,1783,1785,1795,1801

Generalmonsterrullor, 1740-1800Army muster rolls of the Kajaani Rifle Corps of Qulu andNorthern Finland, in the Kings Service.

Generalmonsterrullor,1761-1885Army muster rolls of the Swedish Crown Prince's Hussar Regiment,professional and enlisted units in the King's Service.

1807-1808,1811,1814

1823-1826

1869,1871,1873

Generalmonsterrullor, 1771-1885Army muster rolls of the Royal Mounted Lifeguards orLight Dragoon Corps, including Finnish army personnel

1855, 1857, 1860, 1863, 1866, 1869

21

157939

157947

157948

157952

157954

157243

157222

167488

167490

167498

167481

Generalmonsterrullor, 1794-1802Army muster rolls of His Majesty's Royal Southern SwedishRegiment no. 61 of Lifeguards, professional and enlisted soldiers.

1798, 1800

Generalmonsterrullor, 1795-1810

Arkivforteckning

Generalmonsterrullor, 1795-1885Army muster rolls of Svea Artillery Regiment, including professionaland enlisted soldiers in Swedish service, (includesFinland and Pomerania).

Forteckning

Handlingar, 1757-1880Contains various transactions, correspondence, applicationsand accounts etc. of the Army Pension Fund of GreaterSweden and Finland.

1757-1759

1786-1787

1802-1804

1808-1809

Likvidationer "Namnserien" (Stora Nordiska Kriget), 1699-1721Contains salary liquidations and other accounts of Army officers, etc.their heirs or assignees of units and regiments existing during theGreat Northern War, including also soldiers from Finland.

A - 01699-1721

Likvidationer "Nummerserien" (Stora Nordiska Kriget), 1699-1721Contains salary liquidation accounts of Army officers, etc. theirheirs or assignees of units and regiments existing during the GreatNorthern War, including soldiers from Finland. Records are

22

157310

157164

157164

167779

167793

167800

167802

190523

arranged according to numbers.

Kortregister 1700-1721 A - Hanberg

Likvidationer "Regementsserien" (Stora Nordiska Kriget) 1699-1742Contains salary liquidation accounts of claims by Swedish armyofficers, their heirs or assignees of units existing after the GreatNorthern War, including Finnish personnel and regiments.

Smalands kav. reg.

Sodra skanska kav. reg.

Vastman1ands regemente

Meritband 1751-1849Contains transactions of the Army Pension Fund of Greater Swedenand Finland including merit-seniority and service records ofcommissioned and non-commissioned officers and enlisted soldiers ofermany, Pomerania now Poland, the Baltic States, etc. in Swedish service.

Narnnregister 1757-1829

Regementsregister 1757-1849

1795-1804

1818-1824,1826-1827

1829-1849

Meritforteckningar 1661-1903Contains merit and service records of officers, non-commissionedofficers etc. of various Swedish and Finnish regiments.

Ade1sfanan 1722-1824

254976

190429

190431

190435

167652 Item 1

167652 Item 2

167697

167728

167749

479237 Item 1

Andra livgrenadjarregementet 1684-1840

Kalmar reg. 1711-1795, 1797-1808

479237 Items 1-2

479245

Skanska dragonregementet (Ma1mohus och Kristianstads dragonregementen),

23

1819, 1821-1840, 1862

Varmlands faltjagarkar 1795-1840, 1842

1845-1868

Varmlands regemente 1812-1814,1816-1818,1820-1840

Militierakenskaper 1537-1630Military accounts and army lists of Greater Sweden, includingFinnish units and German enlisted soldiers, with card index

Kortregister 1537-1619 (serie II; regementen i Norrland, Finland,Vastmanland, Vastergotland, Ostergotland, Smaland, etc.)

Militierakenskaper och listor 1537-1549,1551-1553

1563

1566

1575

1584

Monsterrullor, 1620-1723Muster rolls, inventory of regiments and commanders, and card indexof officers, etc. of Greater Sweden, including Army personnel ofFinland; enlisted soldiers in Swedish service of Germany, the BalticStates; list of soldiers stationed in garrisons of Pomerania, now Poland;Mecklenburg, Bremen-Verden, Wismar, in Holstein and othercoastal garrisons; of Kaporie or Koporje and Ingermanland, nowLeningrad region in Russia.

Kortregister over officerare 1620-1721A-Arvidsson - Florinus

Florinus - Jonsson, H. 1620-1721

Jonsson, Heb - 01sson, H. 1620-1721

Olsson, Hans - Spaak 1620-1721

24

479256

479263

479264

479264

254968

83747

83755

83764

83779

254969

254970

254971

254972

Katalog over regementen m. m. 1620-1637 (arligt sammandragoch specifikationer om innehiillet av varje volym)

1638-1654

1655-1673

1674-1695

1696-1723

MONSTERRULLOR:

1670, v. 8-9

1676, v. 1-4

1677, v. 13-14

1679, v. 8-11

1679, v. 15-17

1685, v. 28-30

1687, v. 6-7

1701, v. 22-23

1717, v. 5-7

1721,v.7

Monsterrullor, 1723-1836Army muster rolls, etc. of Swedish and Finnish artillery regiments,stationed in various garrisons.

Monsterrullor 1734, 1739-1741 Stockholm

1755

1764, 1765, 1788 Gotland, Karlsten, Finland

25

83803

83804

83805

83806

83807

84011

84030

84041

84051

84053

84093

84103

84233

84293

84312

84467 Item 1

84467 Item 3

84467 Item 2

1753-1754,1757 Vaxholm

1752-1753

1746,1752

Monsterrullor, 1739-1821Army muster rolls of the Vasterbotten Regiment, includingalso mi;itary personnel from Finland in the King's Service.

84467 Item 4

84472 Items 1-2

84472 Item 3

1813,1815,1821 84447

Monsterrullor, 1741, 1836Army muster rolls of Northern Finland's Rifles Battalion, incl.Gulu and Vaasa counties. 84367 Item I

Monsterrullor, 1794-1804Army muster rolls of the Finnish Guards Regiment in theKing's service. 84346 Item 1-3

Monsterrullor, 1809-1810Army muster rolls of the Second Finnish Field Battalion in HisMajesty's service. 84320 Item 1

Register over krigsfiingar i Stora Nordiska Kriget 1700-1721Contains name index to records of prisoners of the Great Northern War.Also exchanges of prisoners and regiments of Finland. 479275

Roterings- och utskrivningsUingder 1653-1728Army rotation and induction lists of Sweden and Finland.These lists are in conformity with the old Swedish provinces.

Stockholm och Uppsaia (Uppland)1621,1624, 1626-1627 v. 48-54

1643, v. 78-79

1644, v. 80-81

1645,1647, v. 82-84

Sodermanlands landskap (SOdermanland, Vastmanland,Stockholm och Ostergotland) 1623-1624, 1627-1628 v. 93-96

1633,1635,1637 v. 105-108

26

84564

84565

84566

84570

Finland fore 1620 Abo Ian och bsterbotten, 1608-1609,1618,v.600,602-603

Finland fOre 1620 Stora och Lilla Savolaks, Kymmenegardsoch Viborgs Ian etc., 1628-1629, v. 607-609

Finland: Tavastehus och Nyland,

1637,1639,v.662-666

Sekalaiset luettelot : 1696-1830Military records of Finland containing miscellaneaous lists,payroll accounts, enlistments etc.

Ansioluettelot 1722-1808, v. Tjr 21-23 Turun laaninjalkavakirykm. ja ratsupataljoona

Sekalaiset luettelot 1733-1807 v. Pohjr 252Pohjanmaan jalka- vakirykrnentti

Sekalaiset luettelot 1696,1699, v. Ujr 365,389 jatk.1747-1815 Uudenmaanjalka- vakirykrnentti

1761-1805, v. Tjr 104-105

Palkkalistat 1731-1740, v. Sjr 519 Savonja Savon­1743-1749Iinnan laaninjalkavakirykm.

1766-1778, v. Sjr 521

1792-1810, v. Sjr 523-524

1805-1807, v. Avr 586

1777-1787,v.Lvr599

1795-1807, v. Al 631-632

Stamb0ger,1848-1924Contains medal awards given to army personnel of various countiesin Denmark and of some foreign countries, 1848-1850, 1864,delayed applications, 1885-1924.

27

84636

84636

84641

55021

55037

55038

55050

55057

55059

55061

55066

55074

55091

Ukvalificerete ansiZlgninger for erindrings- medaillen 1848-1850,1864 Kobenhavn, PnestiZl og SoriZl amter (Sj::elland)

Ukvalificerete ansiZlgninger for erindrings- medaillen 1848-1850,1864 Frederiksborg, SoriZl og Holb::ek amter (Sj::eelland)

Ukvalificerete ansiZlgninger for erindrings- medaillen 1848-1850,1864 Frederiksborg, SoriZl and Holb::ek amter (Jylland)

Ukvalificerete ansiZlgninger for erindrings- medaillen 1848-1850,1864 Frederiksborg, SoriZl og Holb::ek amter (Jylland)

Erindrings-medaillen P-R, 1848-1850, 1860

Ukvalifcerete ansiZlgninger of Australasien, Norge, Rusland, Tyskland,De forenede Stater 1848-1850, 1864

Erindrings-medaillen afNorge og Sverige 1848-1850, 1864

Erindrings-medaillen afDe Forenede Stater 1848-1850, 1864

Erindrings-medaillen af De Forenede Stater, Tyskland, Rusland,England og Finland 1848-1850, 1864

Erindrings-medaillen for befalingsm::end 1848-1850, 1864

Senere ansiZlgninger 1914-1924

Stora Nordiska Kriget, 1700-1721Contains records of prisoners of the Great Northern War andexchanges of prisoners. Also includes regiments of Finland.

Svenska och danska f.:mgar

Suomalaisia Venajan sotapalveluksessa =Landsman i rysk militanjanstFinnish citizens in Russian Military Service abt.1819-1859,1888-1901.

Varvaysluettelot : 1705-1808Military records of Finland containing enlistments etc.

1805-1808, v. Pjr 182

28

42637

42638

42639

42640

42645

42648

42649

42650

42651

42652

42657

479276

127793 Items 1-3

54984

1777-1790, v. Pohjr 246- 247

1791-1806, v. Pohjr 248- 249

1752,1754, v. Hjr 418 jatk. 1756, jatk. 1758-1760

1767-1768, v. Hjr420jatk.1770,jatk. 1773-1776

Names

Finnish personal names

Books

54989

54990

55009

55011

899986

De finska sjonarnnen i Korpi10mbo10 socken.Finnish language--Etymology--Names. PH 2 .S88 vo!.7

Suomen Karjalan nimistti / Viljo NissiHi.Names, Finnish. PH 262 .N54 1975

Vaarat vedet ; tutkimus mallien osuudesta nimenmuodostuksessa /Eero Kiviniemi. Names, Geographical--Finland. PH261 .K58

Nobility

Finlands medeltida fralse och 1500-talsadelThe Medieval Finnish Nobility.

Fra1se- och rusttjanste1angder, 1550-1678Contains accounts of noblemen and knights etc. exempt frompaying certain tributes to the Crown, or from land-duesgranted in lieu of equestrian service, also lists of thesefreeholders of estates and their tenants.

Jonkoping, Kalmar, Kronoberg Ian (Smaland) 1562-1567Uppsala, Stockholm (Upp1and), Vastmanland och Vasterrekame(harad), Kopparberg (Dalarna) 1576-1601

Ostergot1and lan och Sundbo harad 1552, 1575-1606, 1624

Officials and Employees

Lanttullen, inrikes bevakningstullen och personella berattelser ; 1748-1823

29

908116 Item 2

452611

452614

Contains merit lists and register of customs and excise tax officials ofSweden including Finland until 1808.

1805-1807

Sjbtullen, inrikes bevakningstullen och personella berattelser: 1765-1823Contains merit lists and register of customs officers and personnelincluding Finland until 1808.

1789-1791

Books

Suomen yleis- ja paikallishallinnon toimet ja niiden hoito1500-luvun jalkipuoliskolla (vv, 1560-1660) hallinto- ja yhteiskunta­historiallinen tutkimus / Mit einem Auszug in deutscher Spache.Kiuasmaa, Kybsti Local government-Officials and employees.

Periodicals

The American Scandinavian ReviewContinued by the Scandinavian Review.

v.27-28 1939-1940

Books

Vuosikirja / Suomen Sukututkimusseura = Arsskrift /Genealogiska Samfundets i Finland.Registers of births, etc.--Finland--Periodicals.

Politics and Government

See BYLINE under the following headings for BYU holdings

FINLAND POLITICS AND GIVERNMENT 1945-

FINLAND POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

FINLAND POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT 1809-1917

FINLAND POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT 1917-1945

30

83713

83724

IS 6122 .K5

386163

CS 884 .S85

FINLAND POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT 1945-

FINLAND POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT 1945-1981

FINLAND POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT 20TH CENTURY

FINLAND POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Postal and Shipping

Posti- ja lennatinlaitoksen osoitehakemisto = Post- och telegrafverketsadressforteckning

Postal guide for Finland.

Public Records

Uudempi tilikirjakokoelma : laanintilit, 1635-1809New collection of accounts containing general documents, transactions,administration, military and ecc1iasistical records, provincial accounts,mostly land records and retractions, verification books inc!. mill andlivestock taxlists and census lists.

Luettel0 1635-1809

Tilikirjat 1635-1638, no. 6889

Aatelin ratsupalvelusluett., ruodutusluetteloita, rykmenttienrastiluetteloita ja Suomen paiikatselmusluettel01655-1689 no. 7008-7012

Alisen Hollolan kihlakunnan sotilasmaakirja ja rykmenttienpaiikatselmusrullia (1685) 1690 no.7013-7014

T-Prin laanin ratsupalvelusluett. ja ralssimaakirja1701-1703 no. 7018

Uudenmaan ja Hameen laanin ratsupalv. luett. jarillssimaakirja 1712 no. 7019

31

824098 Item 1

55093 Item 1

55093 Item 2

55101

55101

55104

55104

Uudenmaan ja Hameen laanin ruoduttamattomientilojen maakirja 1734 no. 7020

Venajalta palanneiden sotavankien luetteloita 1722, 1725 no. 7022

Henkirakuunarykm. ja Porin jalkavakirykmentintilit 1742 no. 7022 a-b

T-Prin Iaanin manttaali-, kylvo- ja karjaluettelo 1719 no. 7067

55104

55104

55104

55106

Vanhempi tilikirjakokoelma = Aldre rakenskapssamlingen : 1531-1634The old collection of accounts. Contains general and judicial documents,lists of fines, bailiff's accounts by provinces, special lists of persons employedin the collection of State taxes and annual accounts rendered by "Castle Provinces",taxations and rentals of estates, lists of soldiers and officers (Savo) etc.

Tilikirjakokoelman sisallysluettelo: Yleisia asiakirjoja1539-1634 no. 1-483

Tilikirjakokoelman sisallysluettelo: Varsinais-Suomi1538-1634 no. 484-1918 (nyk. Turku-Pori)

Tilikirjakokoelman sisallysluettelo: Satakunta 1540-1634no. 1919-2597 (nyk. Turku-Pori)

Tilikirjakokoelman sisallysluettelo: Ahvenanmaa1537-1634 no. 2598-2917

Tilikirjakokoelman sisallysluettelo: Uusimaa1540-1634 no. 2918-3667

Tilikirjakokoelman sisallysluettelo: Hame1539-1634 no. 3668-4528 54200 Item 6

Tilikirjakokoelman sisallysluettelo: Pohjanmaa1531-1634 no. 4529-4993 (nyk. Oulu ja Vaasa)

Tilikirjakokoelman sisallysluettelo: Karjala1541-1634 no. 4994-6132 (nyk. Kuopio, Kymi ja Viipuri)

Tilikirjakokoelman sisallysluettelo: Savo 1541-1632no. 6133-6807 (nyk. Mikkeli ja Kuopio)

32

54200 Item 1

54200 Item 2

54200 Item 3

54200 Item 4

54200 Item 5

54200 Item 7

54200 Item 8

54200 Item 9

Yleisia asiakirjoja no. 145-153

Yleisia asiakirjoja no. 267-296

Yleisia asiakirjoja no. 388-397a

Yleisia asiakirjoja no. 444-445

Yleisia asiakirjoja no. 456-460

Yleisia asiakirjoja no. 483 Ca-DI

Varsinais-Suomi 1542-1543 no. 489-495

Varsinais-Suomi 1566 no. 1040-1056

Varsinais-Suomi 1580 no. 1371-1380

Varsinais-Suomi 1604 no. 1638-1645

Varsinais-Suomi 1626 no. 1861-1867

Varsinais-Suomi 1627-1628 no. 1868-1878

Varsinais-Suomi 1633 no. 1902-1906b

Satakunta 1558. no. 2039-2065

Satakunta 1634, no. 2591-2597a

Ahvenanmaa 1630-1632, no. 291 0-2913a

Uusimaa 1558, no. 3112-3142

Uusimaa 1561, no. 3196-3215

Uusimaa 1567, no. 3287-3300

Uusimaa 1575-1576, no. 3354-3369

Uusimaa 1593-1594, no. 3461-3468

Uusimaa 1614-1615, no. 3574-3583

Uusimaa 1621-1622, no. 3611-3621

Uusimaa 1623-1624, no. 3622-3628c

Uusimaa 1625-1626, no. 3629-3637

Hame 1563, no. 3962-3976

33

54211

54229

54238

54247

54250

54261

54269

54292

54313

54342

54371

54372

54377

54387

54432

54452

54465

54469

54474

54480

54492

54508

54513

54514

54515

54534

Hame 1564, no. 3977-3989

Hame 1571, no. 4071-4081

Hame 1588, no. 4266-4275a

Hame 1598-1599, no. 4335-4343

Hame 1609, no. 4400-4405

Hame 1624-1626, no. 4478-4485

Hame 1632, no. 4512-4516

Hame 1633, no. 4517-4521

Pohjanmaa 1599-1601, no. 4813-4823

Pohjanmaa 1620-1621, no. 4931-4943

Pohjanmaa 1555·1620, no. 4972-4993

Karjala 1556-1557, no. 5106·5124

Karjala 1557, no. 5125-5143

Karjala 1568, no. 5311-5318

Karjala 1597, no. 5734-5748

Karjala 1620-1621, no. 6055-6058

Karjala 1620, no. 6058a·6063a

Karjala 1624-1625, no. 6094-6104

Karjala 1634, no. 6132

Savo 1569-1570, no. 6425-6439

Savo 1602-1603, no. 6687-6696

Savo 1606, no. 6711-6717

Savo 1607, no. 6718-6725

Savo 1612-1614, no. 6754-6763

Savo 1617-1620, no. 6776-6786

Savo 1620-1622, no. 6787-6792a

34

54535

54541

54555

54561

54568

54577

54580

54581

54605

54618

54624

54632

54633

54647

54676

54708

54709

54714

54721

54740

54756

54759

54760

54764

54766

54767

Savo 1622-1624, no. 6793-6802b

Savo 1625, 1632, no. 6803-6807

Social Life and Customs

Books

54768

54769

Culture for missionaries, Finland / prepared and publishedby the Missionary Training Center of the Church of Jesus Christof Latter-day Saints. BX 8656.1 .C476cfi 1978

Cultural policy in Finlan : a study / repared under the auspices of theFinnish National Commission for Unesco. DL 1017 .F56x 1972

Finnish-American folklore / Elli Kaija Kangas-Maranda. GR III .F56 M37 1980

Livsaskadningar i finlandssvensk milja : en farelasningsserievid Abo akademi lasaret 1989-90/ Hans-Olof Kvist, utg.

Finland--Religious life and customs. DL 1017 .L58 1990

See BYLINE under the following heading for additional BYU holdings

FINLAND RELIGIOUS LIFE AND CUSTOMS

FINLAND SOCIAL CONDITIONS

FINLAND SOCIAL CONDITIONS CASE STUDIES

FINLAND SOCIAL CONDITIONS PUBLIC OPINION

FINLAND SOCIAL LIFE AND CUSTOMS

FINLAND SOCIAL LIFE AND CUSTOMS MAPS

Statistics

Suomen tilastollinen vuosikirja. Statistisk arsbok fOr Finland.Statistical yearbook of Finland.

35

HA 1448 .F537c

Taxation

Alvsborgs IOsen, 1614-1619Contains special taxation records, financial accounts, censuslists, etc. of all former Swedish provinces, Uppland, Vastergotland,Smiiland, Dalarna, Ostergot1and, Vanniand and Narke, pertaining to

the redemption of "Alvsborg" fortress.

Rakenskaper 1613 Uppsala, Stockholm, Jonkoping, Kalmar ochKronoberg, Herman Hanssons

Verifikationer 1616 (Uppland 5-6)

Mantalslangder (Stockholm) 1613-1616 Rakenskaper

1620 (Uppland 7-8)

Skatte- och mantalslangder 1615 Gavleborg, Vasternorrland,Jamtland, Vasterbotten and Norrbotten Ian (Norrland 1-2)Rakenskaper 1615 (Karl Berg och Jacob Burman)

Yearbooks

Books

82949

82954

82956

82971

The Finland year book.

36

DL 1002 .F56x 1947

FINLAND· Counties of 1960(UianitlUinen)

Lappi

Finnish SwedishAhvenanmaa Aland (since 1918)Ha.rne TavastlandKeski-Suomi Mellersta-Finland (since 1960)Kuopio KuopioKyml Kymmene (since 1945)Lappl Lappland (since 1936)Mikkeli St MichelOulu UleaborgPohjois-Kaljala Norra-Karelen (since 1960)Turku-Pori Abo och BjOrneborgUusimaa NylandVaasa Vasa

Mikkeli

Kuoplo

Oulu

0"""S.m',,"o"*',"0''''.

""0,"001>'0y.llmo""",

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T,,~o"A,zo""". K., ••l.",.,. Zo'o""'••

""""'h'••'''00

K.'ozhm ••

,

B.,,,.U••C:.,o'.,.",•

·S""'Y.n"", Kh"'o"'.",01>','

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Vo"ool>ooy.o""oz.".V.rm,,"".

"v","'.

A

"""oz"o

oo.,,~•• ~.

""000'

RUSSIA

,

,

•CO"

,

T,,'''h.oSever,,,,,,,,,

.S.'m'

KARELIA

oOlffie<;p" olovowo""'·.o"m.

"Monohe,..:",' S.m',,"o",••

•Murmansk

,

,""

R "

MURMANSK

PETERSBURG

K ARE L

oSc<tovoiool"''''',okO',.

S"oo"""•SOf'''o,o ·K.",,',•

T",oz."

U",._G,,,,..

""".

,,,m,"h'ov.."

0"0",10"V.~O".,.K,,' ••

v.,,,

o."'h""y",,,

,,"" 0"""01>'""

Z""o,o"'" St

2c"tersburg oV~rmPetrod¥oret.~ • • .

~L _ "''1''

ld'.. .""",,,,,,,olo'mowo

Toom.j'''''.Kit"••",,'m'm'

. .J"m, T" ....

•J"''''..mAoo'. .h'...o.'

• K..m.""

."'"

oMj(,et

""m.'••.... ,tvo"j,

TO,m'""

V""oky" •"",.ok.

A".II

Kllm'ok' h',.,. .s,,"j'''''.Y'.lIm'ok' .A'oo

"""m•

Oulu~

S'm.

.110

K" .... 'm'.·KII."'.K'~'''. ".j.,.. "0.""". .

To'''. K:',j'''''- .K,,,,j'''''V""j'M

U'm,,'.m'.

".ok'",...

FINLAND

.o,'v..'

"","

lo'm..

O"hllx.

YI'!om'

,"""..

.-

Kok.m""

,

Skj .....'5 .~m A'" }_••"t<

O.M S ·S. ",m" Sko,."""o0"",.,,,

o R W F-.o.RK "'jOO","

\,." Km'jok° """",,m,

o

Om SO"",.oKir"'"

.."j"..V"II,,'m

"o•• .tsfo~

Tompere~

.""j".,,,

H.ok,•

•Turku

.".hoo•K.ok.." .....11""

·S ...."K.,,,,,..U".""ok'

""'''.

•A,,,,,,, ollie.llo,,,.,,,

• "Ie.'omm ,.. 0

, W ,

•Bo'"''.K.,ot,•• oSketerte'

S.. " ...m. .v,.,.."".,NORRBOTTEN

YASTERBOTTEN

""

ol""'"G".f,,'

"h".",

ArcticOcean

B,..,.,

GENERAL INFORMATION

fol"

FINNISH PARISHES

Comp i 1ed by:

L"e Choquette

and

Ma. t the," Rus.se 11

25 Ap I" ill 984

PAGE NO. 0000125/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIONS

See Akaa

PARE;H NAt1E

AcK.9.SAhl·3.inenAi tal ahtiAKaaAlaharmaAlajarviAl asaastam·3.1 a.A1 asta.roAlatornioAlaveteJiAlaviesKaAlavoAlavusA1KkulaAngelniemiAnjalaAntreaAnttolaArtjarviArtsjoAs i kkal aA:.ka i nenAsKolaAsKulaAspoA'Jra8er'go8i rkal aBj ern·~.Bj dr~~oBjorkobY8j6rneborg80rgnasBe'rg&Borg.!!. lndBra.he 1 i nnaBra.hestadBromarvBraKyl a.Br·.3.ndoBotomDegerbyDragsfjardEeKeroEKE'nasEl i rna.El ima.kiEnareEno

ALTERNATE NAtlE.iXREF

Saar-ioinenNaa.r.3.s 1uom·3.

See Tyrv.g...§.

See Vahakyr'o

See AlavusSee also KuortaneSee YlitornioKorias

See Artj§.rvi

See AskolaSeE' H·).;.p.~.·=..:;...;..r· iPrunKkala~ J~rvenoja

l.).3.r g6See Pirkka.laSee PernioSee Koivi·::;·toSe-E' Ra.ippa.luotoSee PoriSee Por'nainenSee PorvooSee Por ....·oon ml kSee RistiinaSee Ra·~.h Eo

S"e Ra';.kK y I a

See Kar' i joK i

Se eo T 2.rrrfTI i sa.ar iSee El ima.Ki

See InariEnonta.ipale

'vii t t i sbof.j .2s.r- d

AcKas

Ne de r' tor n e &Neder·ve til',,Ii eska

Al a.VO

St. Andree

Artsjo

I)illnasA·5'~u 1a

El im.'j

DLD NEV) RECCD CD BEG

TF' TP 1722Ha Ha. 1924H~ Ha 16:38l,.)a 'via 1696V.3. I)a 1754

La La 1707V.3. Va 1754Du Du 17236

l.h. ()a 1721

T~· T P 1-7+}B"­

Ky K,' 1789Vi SU I/;?4t'li t1i 1871Uu Uu 16~'5

Hi:<. H·'TP TP 173:Uu Uu 1716

TP TP 1676t·Ja I,)cl, 1850

Uu Uu 1733

Ah Ah 1739

Uu Uu 1865TP TP ~mAh Ah 1668

Ky Ky 17~/-'

PAj3E NO. 00002~ 1/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIOHS

PARISH H~',I'lE ALTERNATE NAME/;-<:REF SWEDISH NAI"IE OLD NEI..~ RECCO CO BEG

EnonKosK iEnontaipaleEnonteKlsEnonteKioErajarviEsboEspooEsseEtseriEuraEurajoK iEura~minn€'

EvijarviEv i j arv iFagerviKFilpulaFi nbyFi nstrom.;aF _. sbyForssaFrantsilaFredriKshamnFogl0Gaml aKar 1ebyGamlaKarleby lndGetaGranKullaGustav Adolf'sGIJst-3.VS

H,~.ap~.jarv iHaapalaHa",pa I aH".apasaar IHaapaveslHailuotoHal i KKoH".l soHalsuaH".m; naHammarlandHang,.HanKa,;.a 1m iIiia~kn

',. ttul aHarjal,...'al ta.HarjuH".r 1uHartola

See EnoSee EnonteKlo

See Es.poo

See Ah t~\c'a

See Ahtari

See ElJr'ajoKi

Sea€' Sievi

See \..'ilpulaSee SarKisalo

See ForssaSee ,(osk€'nKyl a

See R~.ntsila

Set.? H;r.mina

S.... i<oKKol a - ~ GrL C.See Kaarlela

~;ee 1<·~.lJn i.~ i nenS€'€' H.artcdaSee Kust~.IJi

HaapalaS.. €' H....a.p aj ar v ISee Ker';rnaKi

See Halsua

See H.;'.nko

See Ki '.}enn3.pa

t(o;:.K i paa.

Enon tek i s

Esbo

Eura~minn..

For' sa.

Aspo

Karlo

Ha 1sc'Fr .. dr i Ksh.arnn

Hangb

Gust.al.· Adol f's

Mi t"li

La LaHa Ha

Uu Uu

TP TPTP TP

Va VaOu OuUu Uu

Ah Ah

Ha Ha

Ah Ah

Ah Ah

Ou OuOu Out'l; MiKy KyOu OuOu OuTP TP

\..'a Va-1<>, KyAh Ah

Ku KSUu Uu

TP TPHa HaVI SUHi 1"1 i

1860

17201752

16841676

1760

172,~

1738

1920

1738

1777

1910M9-f I'~

17211-;"45·t i

1838I ",,~,"

( .;.. ....1650

1-302 I~OJ

1-43-84 J71+1731174219181730

PAGE NO. 0000325/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIONS

PAR I SH NAt'lE ALTERN~,TE 1'4Ar1E/XREF OLD NEr,.! RECCO CO BEG

1726169216801783172318221812

1732

1747

1:::28

1928

1701

18221667168916'77

1754

180417451815

18931721

1679

166018251787

UuTPHaH.§.

SUOuKuIe: uk'v

TPTP

UuUu:=;uTP

TPHa.Ou

TP

TPTP

Ha.Ha.Out'-1 iH",t;U11 ir"l i11 j

TPH",Ou

TP

H'.:;1,

Hi

Ha

OlJ

TP

UuTPH'.;1.

Hi

TPTP

TPTP

l)a

TPt"l j

UIJ

UuI..) i

HiH.§,.\1 ..' I

Mi11iI-I i

I ..i 0

I dens.C'.l m iI tis

IkC'.lis

HyvingeTal.}~.stKyr·6

Tal·}astehus

See Ik2.~.1 j nen

Kyro

See Hyv i nk~..~.

Hou t s.K .",1"

Horp~on j 01< iHonK i 1al<s·

See H'=,nKilahti

I) itt i s

He 1s· i n9€'Helsingfors

Se-€' I i =..~lmiSee Su1 K.:O.'..Ja

See Helsingin mlkSee HelsinKi

Hi tis

SE'€' KlJole:Tt.3.jar·')i

See HiittinenSee Suur:··:'.2.r i

See Houtskari

See HonKajoki

lit tim.?.'..See littiSee IiL.?h t i nen

See Himan~~a

Rauma

H."tjali>.htiHattulaH·'whoHaui< i pudi>.sH·3.u~: i v uor iHalJ sj ,g..r- viHeinjokiHeiIlolaHeinolan mlkHeinavesiHe lsi ngeHelsingforsHelsingin mlkHelsinkiHiitolaHi i ttinenHimangoHimankaHinnerjokiHirvensalmiHi tisHog1 C'.ndHolioiaHongonjokiHonkajo!<iHonki lahtiHonk i I aksHoutskariHou tsKal""Hu itt i nenHumppilaHyr>'nsalmiHyv i ngeHyvinkaaHameenkyr6Hameenl innaHameenl innan mlkIdensalmiI dan 1ah t iHantalaII salmen mlKI sC'. 1m iItt iItt i maaI J 0

Ikaa1 inenIkaal isten mlKIkal is

PAGE NO. 0000425/04/84

FINNISH PARISH cTlIRISDICTIONS

PAR I SH NAllE ALTERI·'ATE NAI'lE/XREF SklEDI SH NAr1E OLD NEl" RECCO CO BEG

II maj oK ilImo 1aII oman tsII aman t,,· iImatraImp i 1ah t iImp i 1 coKsI nco.r iIng~

InioInKaoIsajoKiIsaKyroItiscTaco.KK I maJaalaJco.Kobs t adJ<!.l asj arv iJanaKKalaJeppo

·Iua~1 •.::K.3.s

JocKisJOI?nsulJJohannesJoK i j .§:.r l.) icTaJ;; i 0 I nenJamalaJoroinenJarolsJouhiaJousaJoutsaJoutseno,Juanl(osK iJugaJuKainenJur·vaJuuKa,]uupaJuupco.j oK iJuvaJyvll.sKyl aJyv2.sKyl2.n ml K.Jami jarv i.l:;msa

nsanKosK iJ2.pp i 1aJ~r'v€'nClj a

See IlmajoKISee Ilomantsi

Se e Imp i 1ah t i

See InKoo

Pohj ·"n KyroSe eli t t i

See Pi eta.rs·~ar i

See ,Jepua

See .JuvaSee JoKioinen

KaKkinen, VartsalaSee T<!.I v<!.1 KosK I

See JoroinenSee P·e.r i KKcol a5e €' .J ou t sa:..JousaPYha. EeriKKi

See JuuKaSeE' .Juva

See .JUUP-3.jo~~ i,Ju~jP2l·

,.JuKainen

I lmol a

Ilamants

Impllco.Ks

Enare

Ing~

Star~

StarKyr·o

,Jeppo

st ..Joh-8.nnes

JocKis

Jorols

.Juga

,JocKas

Va

KuKyVI

La

TPlIuVaVa

ViKy

V."

KuVi

HaAhI-I i

I-I iKyKu

Hi\.I-I It.. ',="VaTPH'"I,.)a

Hi

PKKySli

La

TPlIuVaVa

SliKy

VaHi\.

V<!.

PKSU

Hi\.AhHi

KSKyKu

VaPK

Hi\.11 IKSKSTPKc-'KS11 I

1675

1723

1739

1731

1722167917321714

17191879

1 7 C:'Qt ......

1687

1887

18511732

16':;>617411695

19011736-t-8O{; i {'.,

17741773

1?24171B184117661855170719:251 :377

PAGE NO. 0000525/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIONS

PAR ISH NAf"lE

Jarvenp.§..~...Task i sJa·~.·=k iKaarinaKaa.r 1e 1aKaa.v iKajaaniKajaanin mlkKajanaKajana lndKakkinenKakskertaKalajokiKal a.ndKa 1an t iKa 1 1 i a 1aKalvolaKangaisKanga'sal al<angas 1amp iKanga.sn i em iKankaanpaaKanne 1j<3.rv iKannonKoskiKannusK".r·hu 1aKar i j ok iK":'.rinainenKarinaisKarisKaris lndKarislojoKarjaaKarjaan mlKKarjalaKarja.lohjaKarkkilaKarkkuKarleKarstulaKarttulaKarunaKarungiKarunKiKarviaKasKinenKa.skeKasurilaKauhajoki

,cilTEF:NATE NAI·IE.·'XREF

~:e€' Ja~.s·k iPyha Pi eta.r iNwnm i

See KajaaniSee Kajaanin mlKSee Johannes

See KalantiUusikirKkoSe Eo Tyr lJ .3. a

See I<alvola

Yl i kannu:.See ~<ymi

KyreSee I<a.rinainenSe e K·",r j aa.See Karja"".n mlKSee K.",rjalohja

See Pyha.j ~.rv iSaastamalaSee Hai luoto

See ~<arunK i

t<yl .&Karv i a

:3ee KasK i nenSee Siilinja:T-{.Ji

.JB.sKisSt. KarinsGamlaKarleby Ind

KajanaK.",j a.na I nd

Kaland, ~;yKyr'Ko

Kang.",is

815tomKar' i n.",i s

Karis/-Caris Ind

Karislojo

~(arlJng i

Kaska

OLD tlEll,! PEL.CO CO BEG

Uu Uu 1952

\ I . :3U 1681, I

TP TP 1682t.)a. 1.,) a 1721Ku Ku 1720Ou Ou 1757Ou Ou 1851

TP TP 1770Ou Ou 1742

I' ,c

TP TP J:-6OO.

H§. H.i 1750

rl.3. H.§. 1721Mi t"1 i 1871r'1i "1 i 16~4

TP TP 1;\) i ::;U 1 '7':";"

IJ.:.. v·- 1931'..::0

V.", I.)a. 1698

\)a 1·,.Ja 1812TP TP 1904

Uu Uu 1730Uu Uu 1730TP TP 1798Uu Uu 1688

TP TP 1~,72

l.)a ;<'3 1793Ku k:1J 1770TF' TP' 1704

La Le. h'-9-3' ,TP TF' 1-793'\).", 1.).3- 1798

\.Ja \ ..r.~. 1691

PAGE NO. 0000625/04/84

FIHNISH PARISH ·JUR I SD I CT I ObiS

PARISH t1At"lE ALTERNATE NAt'1E/XREF Sl·JED ISH NI'lt1E OLD NEW RECCO CO BEG

Kauha.va \)a Va 1730KauKola Vi SU ~"'1'Kauniainen Gl'ankulla Uu UuKaustby See Kaus t i nenKalJstinen Kaustby Va Va 1779Kauvatsa TP TP 1761Keikio See KeikyaKeiKya Keikio TP TP 1917Keitele Ku Ku 1877Kellokoski See Tuusula J,: y.,. >

""'' ~ . ~.'

Kelvi~ See KalviaKemi La La 1901Kemijal'ven mlk Kemi tl'asK lnd La LaKern i j al'V i Kemi tl'ask La La 1698Kemin ml k La La 1698Kemi tl'3.sk See Kern i j arv iKemi tf'ask lnd SeE' Kemi n ml kKemio Kimi to TP TP 1679Kempele Ou Ou 1734Kef'ava KE'l'vO Uu Uuw-"imaKi Haapala t"l i Hi 1707

vo Si?e Kera~)a

KeskikYla See Y1 i h.9.l'm3.Kes til a Ou Ou 1857Kesal aht i Ke·:;.a 1aKs Ku KS 1758Kes·li.l·aks See KE'sa I aht iKeul'u See Keul'uuKe-ul'uu La.p i nsalrni Keuru \)a KS 1731Kexholm See KaKisalmiKide-s See Kite-E'Kihnio SE'E' Pal'KanoKi i htE'1 ysva.al'a Ku PK 1785Ki i ka.1 a. TP TP 1679Ki i kka TP TP 1698Ki ikoinen Ki koi s TP TP 1853Ki imi nk i KimingE' Ou Ou 17:33KiKois See Ki iKoine-nKi mi ngE' See ~(i imi nk j

Kimi to See Ke-m i 0Kinnula 'h. K8 1913Kil'kKola t:ee K3.f'k61aKif'kkonummi KYf'f~".1 at t Uu Uu 17 -"') .;;

{ ..........

Kif'veskoski S€'E' Pcwnai nenKil'vu Kir·.)us Vi SU 1699Kirvu~ See i< i rl)U

Kisko TP TP 1683'e€' Kides ~<IJ PK 1t.99

7:.tela 0 Vi SU 1783Kittila La La 1828

PAGE NO. 0000725/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIONS

pfO>r I ::3H NAHE OLC' !···iEi,,1 REGCO CO BEG

~(iuKajsKiuKainenKiukaisKjuruvesiK i vennapaKivijar-viKivikir-kkoKivimaaKivinebbKivir-uskoKjuloKl em i sKodisjol<iKoijar-viKo i t san J ah t iKoivistoKoi '.I'll aht iKoKemaK iKokkolaKolar-iKong i nkang.a".KClnnevesiKon t i 0 J ah t iKontiolaks~(or' i asf(or-p i I aht iKor-p i 1aksKc:>r'piselkaKorpoKCrrppoo~;or-sh 0 1mKor',:.nasKortE·sja.rv iKosKenKylaKosKenpaaKo.;.k j

KosKiKoskipaaKosKisKo:.K i sKo t,:aKouvalaKoveroKristiinanKaupunkiKristina.t<;--! st j nest adKr- on obor-gKronobyKrlJunupyyKu hm·".l ah t i

See KjuK~.inl?n

Hanttula

See t1es'suky] aSee KustaviSee Ki venna.paSee RusKoSee Koyl i 0See Lemi

See ParikKala.

Komi

See KontiolahtiSee Angelniemi

See I<or-p i 1ah t i

See Korppoo

See t1ustas·3\ariRi 'st i ta.i p.,d e

Yl i sta.r-oSee HartolaS€' €' Kos~~ iSeE' t<osk i

See Risti in.:-.See Kristi inankaupunKiSee I;ur-Kijol<iSee ~(rulJnupyy

Por 21. =.1< y 12c.

Kivinebb

8jor-KoKvevlaksKumaGamlakar-leby

Kon t i 01 ,:I.Ks

Kor'p i 1a.ks

f<or-po

For- ".by

KosKisI(osl< i s

Kr- i ".t i nesta.d

I<ronobyKu hrn~.l ak s

TP

Ku• I''.' IVa.

TPHa

I.) i~).c;..

TPVaLaVaK'lKu

,) i

TP

Val..}c.

UIJ...)~.

Hi<TP

I.)~

l)a

H.='

TP

i-(usuve­l'.....

TPHa

SUl)a

TP\)a

L.3:k:SL"'C'r',·_·

pli'

SU

TP

1...) .3­

1,')03,

UUL.... C1','_'

H'."TP

H.~.

TPI':,'~~: >'

l.)~.

H.~.

17<:,817291737

18131924

17401722174219291858188019t 7,:.'"'1.

1773

1909

1.:.93

L.,,,,..,·­~.

173017481~'02

17451696

l'~g ;;1,'­1 ~'21

1722

17381698

PAGE NO. 0000825/04/84

FINNI SH PARISH ·JURI SOl CT IONS

PARISH - ALTERNATE NAt"lE/;<REF SWEDISH NAt1E OLD NEt'J RECCO CO BEG

Kuhmalaks See Kur,m'l.l ah t iKuhmo Kuhmc,n i em i Ou Ou 1757Kuhmoinen Kuhmois Ha Ha 1691Kuhmois See Kuhmo i nenKuhmoniemi See KuhmoKuivaniemi Ou Ou 1772Kuivasmaki See PeUdavesiKulla See ~(u 1 1aaKullaa Ku 11 a TP TP 1768Kulsiala See TyrvantoKuml i nge Ah Ah 1.,,,87Kumo See KoKemaKiKuolajarvi See Sa 11 aKuolemajarvi Hatjal aht i Vi SU 1752Kuopio Tal) i salmi Ku Ku 180 IKuc,p i on ml K Ku Ku 16,~9

Kuorevesi Ha Ha. 1701Kuortane See also Alavus Kurtane Va Va 1756Kurikka Va Va 1685KurKijoKi Kronoborg Vi SU I 741 -17:n•·.. ta.ne See Kuor tane. ·u Ha Ha ~"K'.Jstav i K i ,.I i maa Gustavs TP TP ~i._

Kusto See KuusistoKlJuKkaj arl} i See UurC'. i nenKuus.:t.mo Ou O'J 17:30KuusC'.nKosK i J~._ K>' K)' 1919Kuus i ,::·to KlJusluoto Kusto TP TP 1 e,82KuusjoKi TP TP 1886Kuusluoto Sl.?e KuusistoKvev 1a.Ks See KoivulahtiK;.-l m§KosK i Ha Ha 1857K;d aKar') i a See K21.r'J i aKymi Kymmene Ky Ky 1·".95Kymmene See !-(ym iKyrKslatt See Ki rkKc,nummiK)'-ro See H§.mi?enJ<:yro TP TPKyro See Karinainen TP TPKyyjar ... i \h. KS 1702K.;.K i 'sa 1mi Kexholm ,.) i SU 1690Kalviii Kelvi~ \)C'. l.)a 1.588KarKola Kirl<Kola~ Tenn i 1a H·:r H.!< 1728Karsam.!<K i Ou Ou 1775KoKar Ah AM 1697 i ~ •.Komi SC'e Kongi nKangas \-;Ki'·yl i 0 Kjul0 TP TP t-72-o·.,'1ti Ha Ha 191 (I

L·~.h t i nen S€· €' I kC'..3.1 j nenL·a i he 1 C'. See LC'. i h i a

PAGE NO. 0000925/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIONS

PARI SH NAt"lE ALTERI·'ATE NAI'lE./XREF 2,1.,1 ED ISH Netr·1E OLD t·m.,J REt;CO CO BEG

L3. i h i aLa i til aLammiL2.mp iLampisLap i nJ ·~rv iLap i nl aht iLapinlaKsLapinniemiLapinsalmiLappajarviLappeeLa.ppeenran taL3.pptJ.~rd

LappiLappnasL,;>.ppoLapptrasKLappvesiLapuaLapvesiL".pvaartt iLarsmoLauKaaLaul<asLavan -;·aar iL~.ll i .-3,

LehtimaKiLeivonmaKiLemboisLeme tinLe-miLemlandLe-moLemp.~ai aLemu ~,;.Le-ppavirtaLe- s t iLest i j a.rv iLet,;>.l".LibelitsLieKsaLietoLi J je-ndalLi 11Kyr6Lim i ngoLiminKaLiperiLochtea

Un i: -;t,ma 1 a

Se-e ToholampiSee Lammi

See- Lap i nl aht iSe-e- TervolaSee KeurulJ

L2.pl'e-S i

See- Lapvaa.rtti

Se-e- LappiSee LapuaSe-e LapinjarviSee Lappee

See Lappee

See LucotoP.;"rnas3,.:e.r j

Se e Lau K".."

See Lemp.§..~ 1 .~.

See LemiLeme tin

See Lemu

See Lesti,j·~.r·l".. iLe·".t iSe e La i til aSee LiperiSee Piel is..i4.r'Ji

See \h.h.~.kyr6

See LiminKa

See Lcohtaja

La.ihelaLetalaLampis

LapptrasKLi:<p i nl aKs

Lappvesi\)i 11manstrand

Lappnas

Lappo

La.pptja.r·d

LauK-3.s

L6vkulla

Kl em; s

Lemboi s·Lerno

L1Jndo

Limi ngoL i be 1 its

~)a

TPHa

UuI<u

\.JaI<yI<y

TP

Va

Va

I.)j

TP\) ."1"1 i

riaTP1<'1

~(u

TPU'1

Ou!<~J

1).3.

TPHa

Uu1<'1

TP

t.).;..

l.).~.

f<S

j-('3

HaTPf<u

I··h.

Pf':TF'Uu

OuPl·";:

16';>016701734

16911844

+@44.

17441851

1817

1684

1737

1750182718001852

, .

171217311743

169517'7'4

1"17~

PAGE NO. 0001025/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURI SDI cn ONS

PARISH NAt'IE ALTERNi'lTE NAt'lE/XREF %JEDI SH NAI1E OLD NHJ RECCO CO BEG

Lotda Lojo Uu Uu 1677Lohjan mlK Lojo Ind Uu Uu 1932Lohtaja Lochte~ Va Va 1718Loimaa Loimi joK i TP TP -t-'1rr- IS :C}

Loimaan mlK Loimi joK i Ind TP TP 1932Loimi joK i See LoimaaLoimi joK i I nd See Loimaa.n ml KLojo SJ:?1'.? LohjaLojo lnd See Lohjan ml KLoKala See LoKalahtiLoKalahti LoKala LokalaKs TP TP 1682LoKalaKs See LoKa 1ah t iLoppi Loppis Ha Ha 1706Loppis See LoppiLov i i Sa LQ~) i sa U'J Uu 1748Lovisa See Lovi isaLUhango See LuhanKaLuhanKa LrJhango t"1 i KS -H'-5{l- )7:;Lumi joK i Ou Ou 1902Lumivaal"a Vi SU 1923.)p.~l"land Ah Ah 1683

.",do See LietoLuopioinen Ves i Kansa. Luopios Ha Ha 1733Luopios See LuopioinenLuoto L21.r-=·mo Va Va ~ /7ioLuum.§'K i Ky Ky 1766Luvia TP TP 1681Langelma See Lange 1m."K iLange I m·..k i Langelma Ha Ha 1730LovKul1a See Leh t i maK iLovsK~.1" See Lavan=·aar i11aa.1 a.h t i t"la 1aks ~}a Va 1721"1aan i nK a I-la.n i n ga Ku Ku 17C.,

( '-' I'

Maaria R~.n t .§.m~.K i TP TP 1714Maal"ianhamina Ma.!" i ehamn Ah Ah 1905Mal< Sa.maa. t"la.l<smo Va 'Ja 1722f1aKsmo SeE' n.S.1< :·ama.a.Hal a.l<s See Maa 1ah t i11,o.n i nga See l'laan i nk.~fvl·=C.n n e rrna :.K lJ See t'la.sKut1al" i eha.mn See r1·~.-3.r i anham i n~.Mal"ttila St. t"'l~.r ten-=:. TP TP 1696Masko See t'la.sK u11asl<u tv1~. nne r·m·3. '::.K lJ 11'~'sKo TP TP 1c·8?Me 1 J i 1 ~. TP TP 1915.r~jarl}~ Ou OIJ 1782

'1l<al"vla S.~.·:;tmol a TP TP 1670Her·imasKu TP TP 16?3t"lessby See t·le:.suKy] a

PAGE NO. 0001125/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIONS

PARI SH NAI"IE ALTEFNATE NAr"lE/XREF OLD NEt•.! RECCO CO BEG

1751

1771

1673

180718901887

16651722

17651685'1655

170 I

i-1'eB/~ Lnn/.'~'_.

1688

1680182-8­

00

1)1-&7-2

+797"-­17301724H43-167116701_1c,·__

1908+7T4'~

17141~.7119211681

TPSUf(y

KSVaSULa.VaUuKSTPf(uTPUl.JUuHat1 i

TPOu

I<uOuH.iTP

TP

TPMit1 i

TPH.,..iP

iP

H;;.

TP

l<u

TPH·'TP

K'-p'UuTP

TPt,}j

t(y

TPOu

TP

I(u

OuH·:iTF'

l,J a.\)a.

ViLa\)a

UuHaTP

TPlJuiju

Ha1'1 i

Ind

V" o?,Pi d i sj a.r' v i

KClr'S:·~p:) 1m

SvarU.

Virmot"16 r =.~~ om

t··,Jc,r rma.r k

t"'J~dend~.l

l'lu I d i .3.

11 i e t i osst. 1"1 i che ISt. t"lichel

Numm is.

N8.gU

1'101 a

SomerniemiAl ah armaN·;'.lJ v 0

Nou"::. i ~. i nen

Noorm8rl<:Ku

SEt!:? t<aarina

Se e f'lu I t i a

Savilahti, SuursavoSee Uur·3.i nenSee Muo] a8.

See Mietoinen

See

See

See

KiviKirn:oSee Pus.ula

SeE'See

See VanajaSee MyrsKyl;;.

Pyh ;;.r i s t i ,

f"'1E'~.sIJKyl af"le t s,~.K ansaMe t ·3a.m·3.aI'le t sap i r t t iMiehiKKiola11 i e t i osf1i eto; nenM; KI(e I ;Mi KKel in ml KI'linKKilaMolaMouh; jarv;1'1uhosI'lu 1d i aMu 1 t i at1unsa I aMuol,3.at1uon i 0

f"lustasaar iMust i 0

I'lu ur ameMuurlaMuuru~'es;Myna,maK;1'1:'r sl< y 1aMa.n t '3a 1al'l;;.n t taf"lan t yh ar' j ut1a';;KalaI'lorskomNaantaliN8..3.r aNa.:..rasl uomaNaguNOlkKilaNastola UusiKylaNauvo /,Nedertol""n€,A,IVlf~/{;,~),-.SE'I? Al2t.torn i 0

• .,' }<1;JIl'"'''' ~''''''''i ....N",derl}etll " .' 'oee ':,l';."et~l iNil S i-&'N. h."" ~ (;~"'S"-- rl 1'" \':Nivala Pjdjsj~rvl

NoKia See also Pirl<kalaNoormarKKuNorr'marKNOlJsiain€'nNousisNu i j ".r;)aaNummiNummi

PACE NO. 0001225/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIONS

P,::'R ISH NAi"lE

f".J1Jmrr. i 'S

NurmesN'JrmijarviNurmoNurmoNyr,KalaNyKarlebyNyKYrkaNyKyrkoNyslottNystadN~dendal

NarpesNarpioOra.v~. i nenOrava.i sOra.v i 1aht iOrihpaaOr imatt i I aOr-ioaai£.; sbergI" smal aO",vesiO'JlainenOuluOu 1IJj ,::rK iClu llJ ..i §r'J iOu 1 ulaisOulunsaloOutoKumpuP.;...:..ttinenPa.". t t i skor-p iP';_2.vc13.Pa.o2.'Sj ok iPah~.jarl,}i

PaimioPal da.moPaltarr.oPal vas."lmip .. C'ra.l ne-nP?rgasPa.r i kKa 1c.Pilrk".noP~. tisP."tt i jof: iPed'?rs6r'?• Ko12..- .~:o=·enniemi

Pi?ll c>

ALTERNATE NAI'lE/)(REF

See Nummi

i'1urmoYl i nurmoSee Nurmi.jar-viSe'? Pyhajar-viS'?e UusikaarlepyyS'?e UusikirkkoSee Ka 1an t iSee Savonl innaSe'? UusiKaupunkiS'?'? NaantaliSee Narpio

S'?e Or-avain'?nSee RaakkylaSee Oripaa

OrihpaaS'?e Or i sm".l a

S'?e Pal t·".moSeB Oula.inen

Pa." t t i :.kor-p iS'?e Pa.·".ttinenPehKola

See Pal t2l.moOu luj arv iSee S2.c.r i j a.r\} i

SE:'E' Par.?inenJouhia, Koitsanlahti1< iron i 6See Paattinen

See Pietarsaaren mlKSeE' Pa.avo] .~.

See also Turtola.

Sl-IED I SH NAME

Narp'?sOrav·ais

Or i sb'?r'g

OululaisUl '?~.borgUl e~.borgs I nd

Pat i s

Palda.mo

P.~.rga=.

OLD i'1EVJ RECCO CO BEG

Uu UuKu PK 1723Uu Uu 16';'6Va Va 17,!,6Uu Uu

Va Va 1760Va Va. 1701

Uu Uu 1697TP TP 1779

\"a Va 1831Ha Ha 16'75Ou Ou 1719Ou Ou 1722Ou Ou 1e5~ l'IP5

Ou Ou 1722Ku PK 1878TP TP 1694

Ou Ou 1733Ha Hi;. 1739

TP TP 1690

Ou OIJ 1727

TF' Tp· 1678

K>' I<y 17·55TP TP 1E:J7

L«. La. -r--7l-.:;' '"

PAGE NO. 0001325/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIONS

PAR I SH NAr'lE

Pe 1 to i n 1ah t iPernaI'PerhoPernajaPernioPern~

Perttel iPerttulaPertunmaaPeraKuntaPeraseinajoKiPetajokiPe ta f.1<sPe tofaht iPe t'=.«.moPe U,javesiP disjarviP eK'=.".maen ml KP eKsamaKiP elavesiP el isjarviP etarsaaren m1KP et.~.rsaari

PlhlajavesiP h t i pudasP iKioP ippolaP K i ,=.

P rKKalaP rttiKylaPohjaPohjan KyroPoh,i anKyl aPojoPolvijarviPomar'kKuPora=.KyJ aPoriPorin miKPornainenPor'neesiPort«.sPort)ooPorvoon mlKPosioPrunKKalaPudasj;;.rv iPuKKilaPulkkila

ALTERNATE NAI.1E/XREF

See Savit.3.ipaleSee P~.imi 0

See Pernaj a

SeE' Ypaja

See Ylojarvi

See Pyh~<j ok iSee Petol«hti

Ku i v a.·:·1Tl3.k iSee Nivala

L i eksa

See Pi iKioSee al s·o Nol< i .~.

SeE? I soKyroSee SuodenniemiSee Pohja

Porneesi, KirveskosKiSee F'orn~. i nenSe Eo T a.mme 1 -='.

See f"=1ura

SI.,../ED I SH NAr~lE

PernABj ernA

St. Bertils

PedEorsor"€'cTaKobst·3.d

Pil<is

8irl<·3.1aPbrtomPojo

8or·g.~.

Bar- g.~. 1n d

OLD NEkl REeCO CO BEG

Va Va 1784Uu Uu 173·5TP TP 1687

TP TP 1685

t1 i t1 i 1926

Va \)a 1799

Va lJa 1810La SU 1921l.) .;.. KS 1801

Mi Mi 1695i"1 i Mi +9561-Ku Ku 1737Ku PK il'i'>,Va V«.Va Va 1c"Al),a ~<s +&84!~o

Va KS +7'&5''1.','TF' TP 17~0Ou AU 1775

H" Hi< 1921V.a '....-'.::::. 1750Uu Uu 4-.7-?4i'···

Ku PK 1856TP TP 1804

-P TP f-8G.BI,

TP TP 16,.'..6, ,Uu Uu 17:38

Uu Uu 1851Uu Uu 1742La L3. 192.5

au Ou r.JUIJ Uu -rt,~~:'

AU Ou ,(,.

PAGE NO. 0001425/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIONS

PARI SH NAt'IE ALTERNATE NAME/XREF S\~EDI SH NAME OLD NEW REeCO CO BEG

1759

1704

19141900

169117191722rrz-2 '72:1814t"9G-4loQJ1685

19221{,?Ci

18511711

1789177516771708~I~~

<7.'.7!.1860180717461737

/7:'2

~i~

1661169017821689170017221916Mrt

Ou

KuKuOuKySU

Ha

OuVaUuHiKy

PKKS

SUHa

OuOuUuSUTPOuTP

MiTP

TPOu,)aTPt'l iOuLaTPVaTP

ViHa

f<uKuOuKyVi

HiTP

OuVaUuMiKy

Ou

KuVa.

OuOuUuViTPOuTP

TPOuVaTPMiOuLaTP,)aTP

Raumo

R.3.umo 1nd

Rautus

REngo

Fra,ntsi 1a

Puolango

Pungalaitio

Pyttis

Poytis8rahestadReplotReso

See Himanka

See RautlJ

Se E' Ra.uma.Se E' R~.uman m1K

See Ren~~o

,< 0

See Muolaa

See LauKa,aSee PirttiKylaSee P6ytya

NyhKala, Pahajarvi

See JoutsenoSee JaasKiPetajoKi

See PuolanKa

See Punkalaidun

t1e t saK an sa

'3ee Pyh taaSee PomarKKu

Pung"d ai t i 0

PunKaharjuPunKalaidunP'Jol angoPuolanKaPurmoPusulaPuumalaPyhtaaPYha EeriKKiPYha PietaripyhajoK iPYhajarv iPYhajarviPyhajarv iPyhamaapyhantaPyharantaPYhar i st ipyhaselKaP'. 6nm;;,K ip. . i sP~marK

PalKjarviP,§'lKaneParnasaariPortamP6yt j sP6ytyaRaaheR,3.ippaluatoRaisioR,,,-ntasalmiRa,n ts i 1aRa.nuaR·~fjma

Ra,umaRi>,uman ml KRa,urnoR,a,uma I ndRautalampiRauti>,vaaraRaut i 0

RalJtjarviRa,u t IJ

R7' '. tusF. ,jar'v iRengoRenko

PAGE NO. 0001525/04/84

F I Nf\! I SH PAR ISH c1UR I SD I eTI ONS

PAR I SH NAi'1E ALTERNATE NAI1E//REF OLD NEt·.! F:ECCO CO 8EG

ReplotResoRet.-tolaKsRevonl aht iRi i h imak iRi i stavesiRimi toRisti inaRistijkviRistitaipaleRovaniemen mlKRovaniemiRuokolahtiRuoKolaKsRuots i npyh taa.RuovesiRusKeaJaRusKoRuuKinpitajaRuuKKiRyma t tyl aRaisalaRa.n tamaK iRaaKKyJaSB.·~.r iSaar i ..iar-v ic . "....·aar I 0 I f1e-nSaastamalaSaguSah~l aht iS2.ha 1aKsS2.KKola82.1 1 .:r.S.;.. 1m iS2.1 misSal0SaloSB.loinenS2.ltviKS2mmattiSastrnolaSa.lJvoS·;..v i j oK iSav i Jah t iSav i tai p.~.l e~3al,)on 1 i nnaS.3,VOrlrantaSc..vuKo=·K iSEt i n~.joK i

See R.o.i ppal uotoSee RaisioSee Revon 1ah t i

See RymattylaBrahe1 inna

See Korsnas

See RuoKo12.htiRuuK i np i taja

KivirusKoSee Ruotsinpyhtaa

See Ma2.r i aDr.;..',! i 1ah t i

P.=-.l t)asalmiSee AKa·~

See K2.rKKuSee Sauvo

See Sah2.1ahti

Kuo13.ja.r ',J i

See S.:r.Jmi

SeE' S.:r.loinen32.10

SeE'rvleriKarvi2l.

See PuKKiJaSee 1·1iKKel i mIKPel toinl2.hti

I)U C ;'::.3, 1a.

RevolaKs

Kri-s·tina

RuoKolaKs

Stromfors

Rimi to

S2I.h·3. 1ak s

Salmis

S.~.gu

I!y-s.] ott

OuH'Ku

r1 iOu

LaLaKy

U'JH'.:;:1.

\/iTP

OuTP".'.' I

Ha

~) iL.;..\/i

TPCiuDuAhUu

TP

f(y

"1 i

Let.~).;-.

OuHaKu

11 iOu

LaL2.Ky

UuHaSUTP

OuTPSU

PK

SULaSU

TF'DuOuAhUu

TP

f'>'r"l itel j

L~

~).;:.,

18041922~-

I~' .,

!7tT5'/,1808

17111732

1744168117911693

r. "

1-",/-~.f

17'0;rBtt21?281788

1683

17:3517011906

! ~'1 417491. 7~'?

1 ,~·55.~ ..: Lon~.c-,

1689

1918

1917+846··

PAGE NO. 0001625/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIONS-

PAR I SH NAt1E ALTERNATE NAME/XREF SWEDI SH NAr1E OLD NEl,) RECCO CO BEG

Seisl<ariSe-itsl<arSibboSide-byS i e'} iSi il<aine-nSi i 1<.'" is5i iKajoKiSi i 1 i nj,1l.i' v iSi i PyySimoSipooSippolaSiuntioSjunde~

Snapper tunaSoan 1aht iSodanKylaSoiniSolf~.-- - ~ r- n i !?m iS ,'roSommarnasSonKajarviSonKarinsaariSorda!,}al aSOl' ta'}a 1aSort<>.valan mlKSotKamoSot tlJnga~;t. Andr'?E-SL BertilsSt. JDha.nnesSt. K<>.rinsSL t1iehelSL Mielee] lndSt. t1~r' tensStol'kyroStor~

S t r· 6mf or' sSuistamo 0Su 1Kal)-2l.

Su ll)a.Stirn i c. i neoSumiaisSund~" denn j emib_ Jjit.rv iSu 0 1 .ar.h t i

See Se i s.Kar iSe-e SipooSee Si ipyyEvijii.rvi

Se e S i i Ka i n e n

Kasur i 1a

See Siuntio

See SulvaY1 istaro, Naara

See Somerniemi

See ~)es2,nto

SEt€' Scrota.val a

See Antre-aSee Pert te-l iSee Joh.3.nnesS(?e Ka.arinaSee- t-li I<l<el iSee MiKkel in mlkSee t1arttilaSee I so~~/,r6See I :.oj oK iSee RuotsinpYht~~

I dan 1 ah t i

~3ee SUIT;i.~inen

PohjanKyla

Sea i tsKar

Si i kai s

Sideby

Sibbo

Sjunde~

Sommc.rnas

Sordavala

SolfSlJmiais

Vi

OuTP

OuKuVaLaUuKyUu

UuViLaVa

HaHa

Ku

\)j

') iOuAh

\)1

t"l i'JaVa

AhTPViVa

SU

OuTP

OuKuVaLaUuKyUu

UuSULaVa

HiHi

Ku

SUSUOuAh

SUMiVaKS

AhTPSUKS

1750

17221774

177419241787~

172918431721

4-78a1'UJ4­-ffi-881',3<;:17591793

16901695

189117231729+-7-r2

178616671·592lE:16

1~,95 '1'''4­~t...g-?

1 ~';4' . \7~

~'~.:r

PAGE NO. 0001725/04/84

FI NI'l I '=;H PARISH ,fUR I :=;D I CT IONS

PARISH NAt'IE ALTERNATE NAf-1E/XREF SI..,.JED ISH l-jAI"lE OLD r-··iEI.!·.! PECCO CO BEG

Suomenkyla See Sad: i =.al 0Suom>?nn i >?rtli Ky Ky 1 7 -?, !-

Suomusj.3'.rvi TP TP 1696Suomussal mi Ou Ou 1787Su6n>?njoKi Ku ~(u 175"3Suoniemi TP Ha, 175'?Suursaa.r i Hogla.nd Vi SU 1750Suursavo See MiKKel i mlKSvartA See Must i 0

S,'s i maK i See SysmaSysma SysimaKi ~1 i 1"1 j 1740SaKK i j arv i ~)j SU 1737SaKyJa TP TP 1680Sami nge See Saami nK iSarKisalo SuomenKyl a. Fi nby TP TP 1806Saraisniemi Ou Ou 1858Sayneinen Ku Ku 1920Saynatsalo V.•. KS 1923SaaKsmal<i Ha Ha 1685Sa~.mi nk i Sami nge 11 i Mi 1708Taipale See Tai pal =·aar i

~f_TaipaJe 0 t(u Pf<Tai pal saar i T'''ipa.le Ky Ky J.,' -I

TO'. i \.1." 1kosK i ,JoK i jarv i au au 1875Taivassal0 Tavisalo TOl.lsala TP TP 1666Tammela Porta.s H~. Ha 1681Ta.mm>? r f or s See Tamp>?r>?Tamm i saa.r i Ekenas Uu Uu 1724Tampere Tammerfors H" Ha 1937.~.

TarvasjoKi TP TP 1774Tava.stehus See Hameenl innaTa.vastKyr6 Se>? H6m>?enkyr6Tav i s~.lmi Se€' KuopioTavisalo St?€' Ta i va:.so.l 0

Teerijarvi Terj a.r\) I) .., 1.J.~ 1691TeisKo TeisKola Ha. Hit. 1648Te i ",.kol a S>?e TeisKoTemmes au Ou 1777Tenala See Tenhol a.Tenhola Tenala Uu Uu 1~.83Tennila See Ka.rk61aTer'ijoki " . SU 1903, I

Terj~irv See Teer i j ·§.rv ill~6Tervo Ku Ku

Tervola Lapinniemi L,- La 1698T>?uva tis t e rmar K 1,).:<. .I.).=c. 17 ..,.")

ISo-4

T i ukl<a Tj6cK ',).3. lJ.~

Tj6ck See TiukkaTohmajarvi Ku PK 1726

PAGE NO. 0001825/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIONS

PAR ISH NAt"lE ALTERNATE NAt1E/XREF SI,JED ISH NAt"lE OLD NEW RECCO CO BEG

ToholampiToijalaToivaKKaTOl'ne1TOl'nioTotK i j al'v iTott i j al'v iTuloisTUI'KuTUl'tolaTusbyTuulosTuupovaal'aTuusm i em iTuusulaTYl'navaTYl'visTYl'vandi.iTYl'vanti.iTjVaaT 'l'sKal'T> ..",1' saar iTovsalaToysaUguniemiUle1bol'gUI e1bol'gs 1ndUle1sal6Ull avaUlvilaUlvsbyUn teo.mal aUI'a-isUrdialaUI' j a I a-UsKelaUsKialaUtajal'viUtsjoKiUuKuniemiUUl'ainenUus i Kaal' Jep;.'yUusiKaupunKiUusiKil'KkoUusiKil'KKo~;~Yla

t)aasaVahto

Lampi

See Tornio

See Tottij1i.l'viTotKijil'vi, VesiKansaSee Tuulois

See TuusuJa

Kovero

See Tyrvaa.See Tyrvant6Ku 1s i ." 1aAlasaastamala,Kall ialaSee Tyt1i.rsaar i

See Taiva9Si!.10

See UukuniemiSt?t? OlJluSee OulujoKiSee Oulunsalo

See Ulvila.Se e L" i til aSee UurainenSee Ur-iala

UsK i a.1 aSee Uskela

MinKKili, KuuKKa-i1irvi

Torne!

Abo

Tulois

Tusby

Tyrvand6Tyrvis

Tyterska.r

Ulvsby

UguniemiUraisNyKa.r I ebyNystadNyKyr'Ka

VaHaVi!.

La

TPLa

HiKuKuUuOu

HiTP

Vi

Va

VaTP

HiTP

OuLaKyVaV.!3.TPViTP

OuVaTP

VaHiKS

La

Hi

TPLa

HaPKKuUuOu

H1i.TP

SU

Va

VaTP

HiTP

OuLaKyKSVaTPSUTP

OuVaTP

1710

1890

1717

1692

17861820

17371902180417221822

17301665

1750

1800

17981723

17181685

176£~

16'0" 11805173016881725

19281718

PAGE NO. 0001925/04/84

FINNISH PARISH JURISDICTIONS

PAR I SH NAt'lE ALTERNATE 1'IAI'IE/XREF OLD HE"'J PECCO CO BEG

See Vesi lac.ht i

See Alavies·Ka

',Ie til

1.586

1673

1738168619271708

19211E:O 11940170617611'?08

18661909

19061809

1858

1921

16851680

1755

17111796

173716~)51,-,-, ....I;'

KuHiH.3.Hi<

KIJ

l<u

Va

:=;U:3UHiKySUPK

TPHiUu

OuUuHiSUSUKSTP

h'TPKuTP

Ku

l)j

\,) iHi~:y

ViKu

KuKu

KuHiH.i<Hi;.

OuUuHiI,) iI,) i

TP

TPHiUu

KyTPKuTP

Filpul.3.I,)indala.

Vambula1...I~n~

l.!ichtis

l..)esjl·~.ks

l.!ecKe 1aKs,)emo

See V...mpulaSee a 1":·0 Tyr-vaa

l.,)iborg

See 8ergo

See JohannesSee IJaasaSee VehKal.3.htiSee I)irolahti

See l)ete) iSee Vi ipuriSee l.!ihti

t;e€' Vehm..aaSonK.2l.r i nsaar iSee LlJopioinenSe e To t t i j ~.r IJ j

Vint·3.laSee Vimpel iSee\')impeliSee l.)j rrd.tSee t1/o.§.maK i

See LappeenrantaSeE' A=.K.:'.i nefJ

VahvialaValamo 0ValKeaKosKiValKealaValKjirviValtimoVambulaVa.mma.l aVampulaVanajaVantaaVargol)arKausVarpa i sj a.rv iI.)artsalaV.s-.'saVeeKel aKs·Vederla.KsVehKalahtiVehmaa~)ehmer"'salmi

VelKua1"..l emoVesantoVesiKansaVes· i K...nsaVesila.htiVesil·..KsVe tel i"Ie tilViborgViehtisVierema\')iesKaV han t iV h t iV iala'vI i pur iI) ipur'in mlKV i t.3.saar iV IjaKKala.V llmanstrand"'lllnisVi IppulaI.) i mpe 1 iVi nd .. l aVi nt«.1 a.Vi rdoi sVi rrno

PAGE NO. 0002025/04/84

FINt'HSH PARISH cTURI SDI CTI ONS

PARISH NA~'lE AI..TERt'1ATE NA~'lE/XREF S{'~.IED ISH NAt1E OLD NEkt RECCO CO BEG

Vi 1'01 ah t i Veder1aKs Ky Ky 1656Virrat Virtai Vi rdo is Va Ha 1760Virtai See VirratVirtasalmi Mi Mi 1905Vi tt i s See Hu itt i nenVittisbofjard See AhlainenVuoKala See S.3.vonran taVuoKsela Vi SU 1913VIJol<senra.n ta Vi SU 1919Vuol ijoKi Ou Ou 1907V1n~ See VanajaV1rdo Ah Ah 1710Vah~Kyro Alastaro Lil1Kyro Va Va 1723Vahaporvoo See PuKKilaVa,rtsila Ku PK 1867Vastanfjard TP TP 1780Vor1 See VoyriVoyri Vor~ \.!a Va 1688YI i -J i Ou Ou 1933Yl i harma KesK i Kyl a Va Va 1788.annus See Kannus

• i im inK i bverKiminge Ou Ou 1744YI imarKku Va \.!a Itt':;Yl i nurmo See NurmoYl i ~.taro Va Va 1718YI i staro See KosKi TP TPYl i staro See Somern i emi Ha HaYlitornio A1KKula t)ver tCfrneA La La t-7-tH ,t_· ,Yl i v i esKa Ou Ou 1683Y1 amaa Ky Ky 1925Ylane TP TP 1662YI 0 j anli Per.".Kun ta Ha Ha 1781YpaH, Perttula Ha. H.ji 1719Abo See TurKuAetsa TP TPAhUri Ats.jir i Et~·er i Va:. IJa 1771Ahtiva Esse Va Va 1736Atsari See Ah t.~r iAyrapa.a \1 . SU 1926' JAyrapaa See !"lu 0 1ail. Vi SUAaneko'S.K i Va. k:S 1907Jjja See K·3.·3.r· 1e 1a !v'a VatsstermarK See Teuv2.tsverKiminge See Y1 iKi iminKi·;:Iver torneA See Y 1 i tor' n i 0

Most sketches and obituaries of Finnish immigrants like Kalle Mattson mirror a common set ofexperiences. All usually mention the place of birth, the date of arrival, and the places ofemployment as well as one's marriage and children. Such notices often also indicate a person'sinvolvement with various organizations and even particular newspapers. In 1938, a yearbook,Siirtokansan Kalenteri, presented this information on Kalle Mattson (whose surname had beenSulasalmil of New York Mills, Minnesota. Born in Oulu, F inland in 1863, Mattson arrived in NewYork Mills at the age of twenty years to join his brother and sister who were engaged in farming.In 1886 he went to work in the mines of the Copper Country in Michigan and married a widow.Later the couple moved to Ironwood, Michigan and then to Autombaan, Minnesota. In the latterlocation Mattson engaged in farming and lumbering. By 1901, he returned to farm in New YorkMills where his wife died four years later. His second wife was Anna Niskala. Both marriagesproduced children, some of whom were described as receiving a good education. One son becamea milk inspector for the state. At the age of seventy-four, Mattson was still active as a member inthe Apostolic Lutheran Church. Although often differing on religion, politics, and other matters,Kalle Mattson and most immigrants from Finland had a similar profile.

Finnish immigrants were typically common ordinary folk uprooted from the land. The changingeconomy provided little opportunity for the children of farmers, tenants, cottagers, andagricultural laborers in Finland. Farms were small, usually with less than twenty-two acres each.The cities did not, moreover, offer enough jobs for everyone leaving the rural areas. So thousandsof rural migrants left for America especially from the provinces of Oulu and Vaasa. The majorityof them were unmarried and ranged in age from sixteen to thirty years. Their exodus, whichbegan in the 1860's, reached its peak four decades later. In the period from 1893 to 1920,273,366 persons rec3ived passports to emigrate mainly for the United States.

Moving often in search of jobs from Maine to Oregon, the immigrant commonly headed for themines of Michigan and Minnesota. Women worked as domestic servants wherever possible. Laterthousands of families were lured into farming from the industrial centers. Almost everywherethese newcomers organized hundreds of institutions-churches, temperance societies, socialistlocals, cooperatives, stores, fraternal orders, and other cultural and athletic groups.Meanwhile the men and women were raising children who had more school opportunities thantheir parents. Raising families was especially difficult in periods of unemployment and theeconomic crises of 1893 and 1929. Indeed, the immigrant faced a lifetime of struggle seeking hisgoal of "something better" which had impelled departure from Finland.

If he had been alive in 1975, Kalle Mattson would see major changes among his fellow Finns. TheFinnish immigrant community was becoming smaller. It had long since reached its peak,numbering 150,770 foreign-bornlFinns in 1920. Death was claiming thousands who had arrivedmainly before World War I. Most survivors were now elderly and often enjoying social securitybenefits, which few had reCeived before the 1950's. Even some thousands of these immigrants

THE SALeH INSTITUTE HISTORICAL READING LISTS NO.: 10

were living their last years in Florida. Many mines and mills which had employed Finns neededfewer manual laborers than before or were no longer in operation. Immigrant institutions, too,had changed. Most ethnic halts that once had been the center of vigorous activity were closed.The churches as well as other organizations employed the English language generally. Only fiveFinnish·language newspapers had survived. Although little interested in restoring the oldinstitutions, the second and third·generation showed signs of a new interest in its ethnic rootsThe Finnish immigrant was in the process of being rediscovered.

INTRODUCTORY READINGS

Barberg, Lillian. Erick. New York: Vantage Press, 1962.

Story of Erick Bajari and his six brothers who settled in Minnesota.

Federal Writers' Project, Ne.....' Jersey. The Swedes and Finns in New Jersey. Bayonne: The New JerseyCommission to Commemorate the 300th Anniversary of the Settlement by the Swedes and Finns on theDetaware, 1938.

DiSCU$5es the migration of Finns and Swedes from Pennsylvania and Delaware to southern Ne.... Jersey in theIleventeenth century.

"Finnish Culture Symposium," Michigan Academician. Ann Arbor: The Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and

Letters,3:11·100 (Winter 1971).

Ten papers survey various aspects of immigrant expe}ience and heritage.

The Finnish Paul Bunyans. Finnish Emigrant Studies Series. Portland, Oregon: Finnish AmerIcan HistoricalSociety of the West. Volume 8, No.2, December 1973,

Illustrated story of logging by Finns in the Pacific Northwest.

Hoglund, Arthur William. Finnish Immigrants in America. 1880·1920. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 196C

Surveys the experience of the immigrants especially with their many organizations.

Jalkanen, Ralph J. (editor). The Faith of the Finns: Historical Perspectives on the Finnish Lutheran Church inAmerica. [East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1972,J

Essays on heritage and evolution of the largest church group among Finns.

(editor). The Finns in North America: A Social Symposium. Hancock, Michigan: Michigan StateUniversity Press for Suomi College, 1969.

Fifteen essays on the history and culture of the immigrant as well as on Finland.

Kero, Reino. Migration from Finland to North America in the Years between the United States Civil War and theFirst World War. Turku, Finland: Turun Yliopisto, 1974.

Includes statistical analysis of \o8rious aspects of emigration.

Kolehmainen, John IImari. Sow the Golden Seed. Fitchburg, Massachusetts: The Raivaaja PUblishing Company,

1955.

Story of the Raivuja (Pio..... ) which is one of the few surviving MWlPlpersfrom the "bor mowement.

Kolehmainen, John llmari and George W. Hill. Ho.en in the Woods: The Story of the Finn. in Wi_sin.

Madison: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1951; second printing, 1965.

ReViews experience of Finns in a state where two-thirds of them ewntu.lIv settled on f.,ml.

Ojakangas, Beatrice A. The Finnish Cookbook. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1964.

Provides recipes of some of the common foods served in Finnish homes.

Olin, Saul C. Souna-The Way To Heolth. New York Mills, MInnesota: Health Factor Books, 1963.

Oescr ibes the use of the sauna bath which has gained vogue outside the immigrant community.

Jamefelt, Akseli [Akseli, Rauanheimo]. Suomalaiset Amerikassa. [The Finns in America]. Helsinki:Hustannusosakeyhtio Otava, 1899.

Johnson, Aili Kolehmainen. "Finnish Labor Songs from Northern Michigan," Michigan History. 31 :331-43(September 1947).

Illustrates the place of folk music in immigrant culture.

Jokinen, Walfrid John. "The Finns in the United States: A Sociological Interpretation," Ph.D. Dissertation,Louisiana State University, 1955.

:. "ong the immigrants and their children.

Karni, Michael G. "Otto Walta: Finnish Folk Hero of the Iron Range," Minnesota History. 40:391-402

(Winter 1967).

Summarizes the lore about a colorful miner and homesteader.

Kaups, Matti Enn. "'Suuri Laansi'··or the Finnish Discovery of America," Ph.D. Dissertation, University of

Minnesota, 1966.

Accounts for the distribution of Finns especially in the Midwest.

Kero, Reina. l'The Return of Emigrants from America to Finland," Publications of the Institute of GeneralHistory, University of Turku, Finland, No.4 (19721. ~p. 9-29.

Statistical analysis concludes that upwards of one..fourth of the Finns left the United States.

Kolehmainen, John llmari. "Finland's Agrarian Structure and Overseas Mig~ation:' Agricultural Histo:'Y,15:44-48 (January 1941).

Identifies rural groups from which immigrants were drawn.

The Finns in America: A Bibliographical Guide to Their History. Hancock. Michigan: Finnish AmericanHistorical Library, 1947.

Still the major guide which has translations of Finnish citations into English.

"A History of the Finns in Western Reserve," Ph.D. Dissertation, Western Reserve University. 1937.

The maior study on Finns in Ohio.

Mather l Cotton and Matti Kaups. "The Finnish Sauna: A Cultural Index to Settlement:' Annals of the Associatiolof American Georgraphers, 53: 494-504 (December 1963).

Based on field survey of rural sauna in Minnesota and Michigan.

Myhrman, Anders Mattson. Finlandssvenskar i Amerika: The Finland-Swedes in America. Helsingfors: SvenskClLitteratursaliskapet i Finland, 1972.

A history of the Swedish·speaking Finns who represented a minority of all who emigrated from Finland.

Niemi, Taisto John. "The Finnish Lutheran Book Concern, 1900·1950: A Historical and Developmental Study,"Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan, 1960.

Details the evolution of II major publishing house.

Ollila, Douglas John. "The Formative Period of the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America or SuomiSynod," Ph.D. Dissertation, Boston University School of Theology, 1963_

Traces the evolution of the synod from the 1880's to 1920.

Toivonen. Anna·Leena. Eteli·Pohjanmaan valtamerentakainen siirtolaisuus. 1867·1930. [Overseas Emigrationfrom Southern Ostrobothnia, 1867-19301,66. Helsinki: 1963.5oura, 1963_

Intensive analysis of the origin and impact of emigration from the area providing more emigrants than any other inFinland.

The Balch Initi1ute's subject specialties _ American immigration .nd ethnic grOllp history _ .re interpreted by ....riouslibrary •.,.,,,~ .. ,,,, r"'~t~' ."'."..~H < "'<O>~' h ....-' .. .--. " r. ~I '''''".~_'r c", f '.",,,, :~,,,. _ •.• P_ .... ~_.' O' Oc"''''''''''''' ~~" ,,,,,~ '~'pr

Platt, Raye R. (editor). Finland and Its Geography: An American Geographical Society Handbook. New York:Duell, Sloan and Pearce; Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1955.

Survey of F inland's life, economy, and geography with maps and illustrations.

Saarnivaara, Uuras. The History of the Laestadian or Apostolic-Lutheran Movement in America. Ironwood,Michigan: National Publishing Co., 1947.

Summary of a larger Finnish·language study of one of the three major religious movements among the immigrants.

Seventieth Anniversary Souvenir Journal (of Tyomies·Eteenpainl, 1903·1973. Superior: Wisconsin: TyomiesSociety, Inc., 1973.

Illustrated booklet on the oldest surviving newspaper, Tyomies (The Workingman) .....hich was combined ..... ith anotherlabor paper.

The Theater F inns. Portland, Oregon: Finnish American Historical Society of the West, Volume 7, No.2,

July 1972.

Historical review of drama and music performed in immigrant halls of Oregon.

Turner, Howard Haines. Case Studies of Consumers' Cooperatives: Successful Cooperatives Started by FinnishGroups in the United States Studied in Relation to Their Social and Economic Environment. New York:Columbia University Press, 1941.

Analyzes cooperatives in the Lake Superior Region as well as Maynard. Massachusetts.

Wasatjerna. Hans Rudolf. (editor). History of the Finns in Minnesota. Translated by Toivo Rosvall. Duluth,Minnesota: Minnesota Finnish·American Historical Society, c. 1957.

Illustrated survey of immigrant life in all major communities of the state .....here F inns have lived since the 1870's.

Wuorinen, .John Henry. The Finns on the Delaware. 1638-1655: An Essay in American Colonial History. NewYork: Columbia University Press, 1938.

A study of the New Sweden colony on the Delaware River.

A History of Finland. New York: Published for The American-Scandinavian Foundation by ColumbiaUniversity Press, 1965.

Surveys the political, economic, and social evolution of Finland since the Middle Ages.

ADDITIONAL READINGS

Aaltonen, Hilkka. Books in English on Finland: A Bibtiographicallist of Publications Concerning Finland until1960, Including Finnish Literature in English Translation. Turun Y liopiston Kirjasto, 1964.

Lists almost 5,000 items.

Arra, Esa.lllinoisin Suomalaiset. (Illinois Finns). New York Mills, Minnesota: The Illinois Finnish-AmericanHistorical Society, 1971.

Illustrated study with emphasis on immigrant organizations.

Engelberg, Rafael. Suomi ja Amerikan suomalaiset: Keskiniiinen yhteys ja sen rakentaiminen IFinland and theAmerican Finns: A Mutual Relationship and Its Development]. Helsinki: Suomi-Seura, 1944.

Surveys with illustrations the ties between immigrants and their old homeland.

Hayes, David F. "The Role of the Finnish Immigrant in the History of Lanesville, Massachusetts, 1870-1957:'Essex Institute Historical Collections, 95: 313·47 (October 1959).

Focuses on the evolution of a community which was long dependent on the granite industry.

Heimonen, Henry Samuel. "Finnish Rural Culture in South Ostrobothnia (Finland) and the Lake SuperiorRegion (U.S.)--A Comparative StudY," Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1941.

Assesses survival of rwal culture of Finland among immigrants in the United States.

Holmio, Armas K. E. Michiganin Suomalaisten Historia [The History of MichIgan Finns] .Hancock, Michigan:u .

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT FINLANO

Finland is 725 miles long and 375 miles wide. The total area is 130.119square miles. about the same as the state of Montana. The major cities areHelsinki (Capital). Turku. and Tampere. In the 12th century Finland wasChristianized by the Swedes and from 1595 to 1720 Sweden gained territory inFinland until the Finns became a grand duchy under the Swedish crown. Russiaacquired the province of Viipuri in 1721 and was ceded the rest of the duchyin 1809. From 1809 to 1865 the Finns strengthened their traditions and beganto break away from Swedish and Russian influence. Finland won its independencein 1917.

For administrative purposes Finland is divided into 12 Laani (Counties)at the present time. In 1721 Finland had four counties. in 1776 there weresix counties. in 1831 there were eight counties. and in 1947 this was increasedto 10 counties. The Genealogical Society card catalogue is set up under thenames of the ten counties: Ahvenanmaa, Turku Pori. Uusimaa. Kymi. Hame.Mikkeli. Vaasa. Kuopio. Oulu, and Lapi. Vaasa and Kuopio have been dividedto form two additional counties. Ecclesiastical divisions are similiar indescription to Sweden. The "Pitaja" is equivalent to the Swedish "Socken"(Parish) and the "Seurakunta" is like the Swedish "Forsamling". Smaller unitswithin the parish are called "pieni Kyla" (village) and "tila. rrtaatila" (farm).

Swedish vs. Finnish Research

HISTORIC JUTLL~E

About 100 hlJ to llClO's

-Ancestors of present Finns begin migrution southern shore of ~ulf of ?inl~nd

-Other B~lto-Finnic (Finno-Ugric) peoples ~rrive from the eAst-,~~ rAciAl components: Nordic and E.st a.ltic-Finns AppeGr in 8th Centuary GS a group under thnt nnrr,e-No i'innish stGte, but three loose unities crystaEze: finns oroper,

Tevastians, Karelians

p6ge••2

S~eai3h hule 1155 - 1999

-1155 - 1)2) Crusades by ~~~des

s\.OlJdue jo' inns, f£.v~stil.ns, UldpGrt of Karel1a

-1595 - 1720 Sweden ghins moreterritory ~d greater influence,Finns oecome Swedish in outlook

-1721 30uth ehstern Fi~lLnd incl.Viipuri ceded to hussi~

-174~-4; 3wedish-kussian wGr, morei innish territory ceded to fv..ulsJa

~ussinn ~ule 1999 - 1917

-1309 N~poleonic wGrs seversFinlt.nc. fMm 3..,den. CZLr "lex. Idoes not ir.pose ~ussian systemof ~ov't on Finns

-13J9-1805(present) :' inns stren.,;ther.their traditions, begin to breGk&way from Swedish end RussiAninfluence.

-1811 "ddition~ territory from"ussia obtAinea by iinns insQutn e,stern ,",nci northern t'L'11.

-1905-1975 3elf Gov't graduallyextendea to Finns. Liberalismspreads

-1917 Russian Revolution givesFL~s opportunity to declare theirindepend&ncy. rhis recognized cy~us8ih )1 Dec 1917

lndependant Rule 1917 to pres~nt

-1947 DurinG 19;9-1944 30viet ~FL~ish ~ars. 30utn eLsternFinl~ (Viipuri areG) and variousnorthern areBS aghin cedcc to Kusoia

Swedish va. Finnish Research

HISTORIC JUTLL'IE

About. 100 iJJ t.o llOO's

-Ancestors ~f present Finns begin migrhtion southern sh~re of ~ulf of ?inlund~ther Bhlt.o-Finnic (Finno-Ugrlc) peoples hrrive from the east-~~~ racial components: Nordic and EcSL BalLic-Finns hppehr in 8t.h Centuery hS a group under thht nQrr.e-No ,-innish st.hte, but three loose unit.ies crystali~e: Fir.ns Doper,

revest.iens, Kerelians

S~~riish rtule 1155 - 1999

-1155 - 1)2) Crusedes by S~~des

sliudue i-inns, fE.v ..st.hns, c.ndPhrt ~f i\arel1e

-1595 - 1720 Sweden ghins moret.erritory hlld greeter influence,Finns become Swedish in out.look

-1721 South ehst.ern Fi~lh~d incl.Viipuri ceded t~ h~ssih

-174~-4; ~wedish-hussion Whr, morei innish t.erritory ceded to fwls:a

~ussian hule 1999 - 1917

-1309 Nhpoleonic wars seversFinlWl<' from ~~den. CZhr ;.lex.Idoes not ir.pose rtussian sysLemof ~ov't on Finns

-13J9-18b5(present) :'inns strene;ther.Lheir traditions, begin to break&~ey fr~m Sweoish end hussianinfluence.

-1811 hdditi~nEl t~rritory from"ussih obtainea by r·inns insoutn ecstern eno northern r·L~l.

-1905-1675 Self Gov't graduellyextendea to Finns. Liberalismsprehcs

-1917 Russihll Rev~lution givesFL~s ~pportunity t.O oeclare theirindependancy. fhis recognizeo cy~us8ia )1 Dec 1917

Independhllt Rule 1917 t~ present

-1947 ~urinG 19;9-1944 Joviet endFL~ish ~ars. Soutn ehsternFinlGllQ (Viipuri area) ,nd vhri~us

northern arehS again cedcc t.o Rus:ia

To establish the exact date of any of the movable feast days in agiven year, special tables or calendars will have to be used.

213

THENAMESOFPERSONS

GIVEN ORCHRISTIAN NAMFS

PavelParSibbeSigmundSjunneSaneStaffanStefanStenStureSuneSvanteSvenSvenningSorenTomasTorle)TorkilTorstenTruedTueTuveTrulsWollmarAkeOsten

JorgenJanKarlKlasKnutLarsLennartMagnusMattsMatthiasM~nsMartenNicolausNiklasNilsOlausalaOlofOscarOttoPaulPerPeterPetrusPavelP~I

EsbjornEskilFrenneFridmundGermundGudmundGummeGunnarGunneGustafGoranGostaHalvarHansHaraldHelgeHemmingHenningH~kanIngeIngemarlsakIvarJeppeJohanJonJons

The earliest known Swedish names appear about 500 A.D. on some2000 Runic stones scattered around the realm. Usually the givennames were given to describe a qual ity or characteristic, or resemblean occurrence or occasion that was desired in the life of the newborn babe, such as Ragnvald, which means "He who is mighty withpower."

At the turn of the first millenium of the Christian era, all Swedenwas Christianized, and a conscious effort was un'dertaken by theclergy to substitute the names of the Christian saints for the oldSwedish names. Thus the apostolic names of Peter, Andrew, John,and Paul took on their present day forms of:

Petrus, Peter, Peder, Pehr, I'"ar, Per, PetterAndreas, Anders, Andres, AndorsJohannes, Johan, Jan, Jaen, Jean, Joen, Jon, Jons, JonasPaulus, Paul, Pafvel, P~fwel, P~I, Pahl, PovelSome of the more common given names used in Sweden during thelast four centuries are listed below:

MALE NAMESAlfAlgotAmbjornAmundAndersAndreasArneArnvaldArviAsmundAssarAstradAxelBengtBjarnBjc3rnvidBoBodelBrorBryngelBorjeChristerCarlEnevaldErikErngisleErnst

FEMALE NAMESAnna ElnaBengta ElsaBirgitta Gertrud

KatarinaKerstinKristina

Mat(h)ildaMettaMareta

214 Bodil Greta Lisa NillaBoel Gunnil Lisken OluBrita Gunnela Lotta OlugBorta Hanna Lotten PernillaCecilia Helena Lovisa PetronellaChristina Ingeborg Maja RangelaCissela Ingegerd Malena SigridDordi Inger Margareta SissaDorotea Ingrid Margit Sissela.Elena Johanna Marit SofiaElin Kajsa Marna StinaElisa(bet) Karin Marta TroenElla Kama

INTERCHANGEABLEFlRSfNAMES

In Sweden it is not uncommon to call a person by an affectionateform of the given name (cf, William - Bill). This may be confusing inresearch, where for example someone may be called Kjerstin in thebirth record but later on is called Stina in another record. It really isnot much of a problem once we have learned to recognize thesenames. Some of the more common ones are listed below.

Anders Hans PerAndreas Hasse PederJohan Lars PehrJaen Lasse PelleJan Magnus PeterJanne M~ns PetrusJean Nils PetterJoen Nicolaus PiiderJohannes Niklas PlihrJohn Nisse P5r~n rn~ ~

Jonas ala PaulJons aile Pofwel

Oluf Povel

AnnaAnnickaAnikaCatrinaCajsaKajsaChristinaStinaCharlottaLottaLottenCherstinChirstaStina

Elisabet KarinElisa CajsaLisa KajsaLisbet KatrinaLisken CajsaLou ise KajsaLovisa KristinaEljena StinaElna lVlagdalenaHelena LenaElin MajaEllen MergareteHelen GretaLena lVlariaJohanna MariaHanna Maja

SURNAMES Family names were hardly used in Sweden until after the MiddleAges. During the seventeenth century they became more commonand by the end of that century the nobility had firmly establishedtheir family names. Also, the burghers or townsmen in the cities andthe merchants and tradesmen adopted the use of family names inthe same century. The latter group very often constructed the namesin a way that made them uniquely Swedish, as Dalberg, BergstrlSm,Strllmberg, and Lindberg clearly indicate.

NAMES OFDJ·EGITIMATECHllDREN

The patronymic was the most common naming system and simply PATRONYMICSmeans that a child was known as the son or daughter of a certainman. The son of a person with the first name of Anders, for example,would have as his last name, ANDERSSON, and the daughter wouldbe known as ANDERSOOITER. The son of Erik would be ERIK-SON OR ERSSON and the daughter ERIKSDOITER OR ERSDOT-TER. It is understood, of course, that all of these children were giv-en a first or Christian name to precede the patronymic surname.Patronymics were consistently used in rural Sweden and among daylaborers in urban centers until around 1860, when it became morefashionable to adopt a "frozen" or permanent family surname. Insome quarters patronymics persisted for another two or three genera-tions.Soldiers often assumed different surnames upon entering military SOlDIER NAMESservice in order to avoid the inevitable mix-up that would follow,when a typical company consisting of 10 Anderssons, 10 Erssons,10 Johanssons, 10 Larssons, 10 Olofssons, etc. would be formed.The problem was compounded by their given names being similarlydivided between Anders, Erik, Johan, Jllns, Lars, Olof, Sven, Par, andPetter. To avoid the confusion, the troups were issued, along withclothing and weapons, new names, which smack of military prow-ess such as Modig (Courageous), Tapper (Brave), Munter (Happy),and Stark (Strong), or some derivation of the name of the area fromwhich they came, such as Tapp from Stora Tappe, or Ekberg fromEkeby.Not until the last few generations did the children of soldiers retaintheir father's military name. They preferred instead the regular pa­tronymic name.It was common among people who were skilled craftsmen, to ex- NAMES OFchange their patronymic surname for something else. This was es- TRADESMENpecially true when they learned a trade or accepted a position asparish tailor, cobbler, saddle-maker, carpenter, etc.A child born out of wedlock was usually named in one of four ways:1. The patronymic name after its father's first name like any otherchild2. The father's surname3. The patronymic name after its mothers first name; i.e. ErikLENASSON, Anna Brita ANNAEDOTTER (ANNASDOITER),Stina ELiNSDOITER4. The mother's surnameWhen a person emigrated from Sweden to the United States, he nor· NAMES OFmally kept his surname even though the spelling would be Angli· EMIGRANTScized, making Johansson into Johnson or Jensen, Nilsson intoNielson, etc. Some translated their names, such as Sjostrand to Sea-shore. Others changed their identity by assuming completely unre-lated names like Duke, Wilson, Rogers, etc.

215

Swedish vs. Finnish Research

yOCABULARY

Page 11

anoppi mother-in-lawappi father-in-lawaVioero divorceavioliitto marrisgeaViopuoliso spouseaviOlll1es husbandavioton illegitimateavlova1Jllo wifeedesmennyt deceasedelolcuu Augustemint1m& ste~_other

eno mother's brothereronnut divorcedesl-isa ancestoresiltoinen first bornetunimi given nSIIUIbaudattu buriedhein&lcuu Julyhe 1IIl1kuu Februaryhuhtikuu Aprililta ageisa fatheris'puoli stepfatherisols~ grandfatherisolsanis& gg father*isoisanalti gg mother**grandfather's parentsiso~iti grandmotherisoa1dinis& gg father­iso&id1Dtiti gg mother**grandmother's parentsisovanhemmat grandparentsisaneno grandunclels&ntatigrandauntl!kas oldisanaiti fathers motherisKnisa' fathers fatherjoulukuu Decemberjalke141nen descendantkaksolssisaret twin sisterkaksoisvell twln brotherkaksoset twinskantalsK progenitor

kastettu baptizedkasvattl1apsl foster childkaupunkl clty, townkesakuu Junekuolinaika death datekuolleena syntynyt

stillbornkuollut dledky1& vlllage·kuukausi monthkaly sister-in-lawlaillinen legitimatelanko brother-in-lawlspsenlapsl grandchildlapseton chl1dlesslapsl childlapslpuoll stepchlldleskimles wldowerleskivaimo widowlokakuu Octobermaal1skuu Marchmarraskuu Novembermies man, husbandmiespuollnen malemlnl! dau.-in lawmuuttanut movednaimaton unmarriednaimlslssa marrlednsinen womannalspuolinen femalenW nameamaa sukus malden nameotto adoptedpalkka placeperill1nen helrpUka unmarried maidpitaja parlshpolka boy,sonpoiltapuol1 stepsonpo janpolka grandson

J'pojanty.tar g deuopuoHs,a· spouse

~lva day

puollslsarukset step brothersand sisters

rsnkl tdrang) farmhandrlstimaalka christening daterist1.rn&niml Chrlstian nllJl\eRuotsl Sweeenserkku couslnseta father's brothersisar slsterslsarenpolka nephewslsarentytar nleceslsarpuoll stepslstersiearukset brothers & sisterssukulalnen relativesukuniml surnamesukupuol1 sexsylilapsi infentsyntymaeike birtb dateeyntynyt bornsyyskuu Septambertammlkuu Janua.ryt oukokuu l'.aytytar daughtertytarfuoll stepdaughtertytto girltati auntvaimo wifevanhemmat parentsvsH brothervlhitty marriedvuosi yearvary son-in-lawili t 1 motheraltipuoll stepmotheraldinls& grandfatheraldinaltl grandmotheraidin Isoisa gg fatheraidln lsoaitl gg motheraldin isoisan isa 2gg fatheraldin isoisan aiti 2.6 mothsraldin iso8ldl0 Isa 2gg fatheraidin lsoaldin a1ti 2gg mother4idineno granduncle

Antti AndersHannu HansHellii HenrikJaakk1.ma J oakimJuhana, Juhani, Juho

Johannes, JohanKaapo GabrielKlaus KlasKerttu GertrudLaur1 t.rsMarkstta MargaretaMarkku MarIN.

FINNISH GIVEN NAMES

Marttl Marten,MartlnMattl Mathlas, MattsMauno Magnus, MansMikko Mikael MickelNillo NilsOlavl 0111 OlofPeavo Paul PalPekka Petrus Psr PeterPenttl BengtPertti BertelPiatar1 Peter PerP1rkko Blrgltta

Reko Gregorlus, GrelsRioti FredrlkRl1tta Br1taRisto KristianSauteri AlexanderSipl SigfridTaavettl, Taavi DavidTapanl Stefan, StaffenVllho, Ville Vilhelm-Y !'-I!rja"a GoranYr jo' Georg

FINNISH AND S\1EDISH VERSION OF GrYElI llAJ·::;S------------------------------------------

Finnish: !'.ALE NAI1ES Swedioh:

· " " .

AbelAda::!AdolfAndreasAndersErikHansHenrikHel!lingHereanIsakJakobJosefJohanGliranGabrielKarlGustaf or GlistaClas, ClaudiusLars1J~rkus

I·&tenHathias, /l.atts

o1-hgnus, Na..'1.sHickel, Hikaelilils, :acolausK..'1utp~h, Pa....lusBengtBertel, 3artolo~eus

Peter, Petrus, PerGreIs, GregoriusFredrikChristian, ChristerSamuelAlexanderSigfridSimonDavidDanielStefan, St#ffan, StefanusTobiasThomasOlofUrbanusVilhelmFilipGeorg, J;5ran

Reetu ••••.••...•••••.•..••

·." " .

· " ." ." .. " " " . " .

· " .

" " " " ..

" " " " "

.... " " " .

.......... " .

.....................................

............ " ." "." " .

................................................................................

................................... " .. " " ." .

.. " " " " .. " " .. " " " .

.. " " .. " " " ." .

" " " " " .. " " " .

" " .

..........................................................................................

...................................... " " .

· " "." ." ." " " .

·." " " .. " " . " .. " .

·" .

............................................................................................

........ " ..

· .· " .

· .

· " .

· "." ." " ." .. " ." .. " " " " .. " .

· .

· " " .

· "· " " " " " ." .

r·2.rl:::u!-:artti

"3.::=.:: ,E.:.';':":::~

AnteroAnttiEero, ErkkiHannuHeikkiHemminkiHerkko, Her~anni

IisakkiJaakko, Jaska, Jaakkirna. •. "" ••.••••• "•.• "•• "••• "•...Jooseppi, Joose, Juoseppi, Juuso ••••••••••••••••.••Juho, Juha, Jussi, Juhani, Juhona ••••••••••••••••••JyrkiKaapo, Kapro, KaaprielKaarlo, Kaarle, KalleK~staa, KyostiKlausla=i

':i'opias••••••• " •••••••••••••••••••••• " •••••••••••••••Tuornas •••••••••••••••••••••••••• " ••••••••••••••••••Uot!, Clavi, Olli ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Urpo •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• "••••Vilho, Ville •••.•.•..•....••.•.•.•••..........•.....Vilppi .•.•.•••.••.. "" •..•..•..••••••.......•.••....Yrjli ••.•.••••••••.••••••..••••••• "•.•.•••••••.••.••

Aapo, Aapel ........ "..• ".""."""".""" •.. "•••.•..•.•..• "Aatami, Aa~u •• ".""."." •• " •• "••••••• " ••••• "."." •••••Aatto ."." •.•• "." .•• "••.••.••• ""." .•.•..•. """ .• ".•. "

Faa\-ali, Paavo ".••.. "....• "..•..•.... ""." .. ".•.....Pentti "" .•. "" ..•••...•.••. "•. "•. "......•. " .Bertti, PerttyliPietari, Pietau, PekkaRekoRietrikki, Rietu, Rieti,RistoSa.'l1uliSanteriSipi

2 SiwoTaavetti, Taavi, TahvoTaneliTapani, Tahvanen

('...-1 ........ 0

Swedish vs. Finnish Research

yCXABUURY

Page 11

anoppi mother-in-lawappi father-in-lawavioero divorceaVioliitto marriageaViopuoliso spouseavicmies husbandaVioton illegitimateaviova1lll0 wHeedesmennyt deceasedelolcuu Augustemintim& step~_other

eno mother's brothereronnut divorcedssi-isa ancestoresikoinen first bornetun1llli given namebaudattu buriedhe1n8kuu JulyhelJn1kuu Februar,­hUhtikuu April.. 'ika age1Be: fatherisapuoli stepfatheriaois~ grandfatherisois&nisa gg father·isoisanaiti gg mother*.grandfather's parentsiSOAiti grandmotherisoaidinisa gg rather·1Boaidintiti gg mother·*grandmother's parentsisovanhemmat grandparentsisaneno granduncleis&ntatigrandaunti!kas oldisanaiti fathers motherisKnisa' fathers fatberjoulukuu Decemberjalke18inen descendantkaksoissisaret twin sisterkaksoisveli twin brotherkaksoset twinskantaisK progenitor

kastettu baptizedkasvattilapsi foster childkaupunki city, townkesalcuu Junekuolinaika death datekuolleena syntynyt

stillbornkuollut diedky1.8 Village'kuukausi monthkaly sister-in-lawlaillinen legitimatelanka brother-in-lawlapsenlapsi grandchildlapseton childlesslapsi childlapsipuoli stepchildleskimies widawerleskivaimo widowlokalcuu Octobermaalislcuu Marchmarraslcuu Novembermies man, husbandmiespuolinen maleminil( dau. -in lawmuuttanut movednaimaton unmarriednaimisissa marriednainen womannaispuolinen femalenimi nameamaa sulcus maiden nameotto adoptedpaikka placeperillinen heirpl1ka unmarried maidpitaja parishpoika bor,sonpoikapuoli stepsonpojanpoika grandson

/'pojanty.tsr g dauopuolis)!' spouse

ptiva dar

puolieisarukset step brothersand sisters

renki tdrang) farmhandristimaaika christening daterist1m8nimi Christian nlll1\eRuotsi Sweeenserkku cousinseta father 1 s brothersisar sistersisarenpoika nephewsisarentytar niecesisarpuoli stepsistersisarukset brothers & sisterssukulainen relativeeukunimi surnamesukupuoli sexsylilapsi 1Dfantsyntymaaika birth datesyntynyt bornsyyslcuu Septembertammikuu Januar;ytoukokuu 1I.ay

"tytar daughter,. .tytarfuoli stePdaughtertytto girltati auntvalmo wifevanhemmat parentsveH brothervihitty marriedvuosi yearvavy son-in-lawaiti motheraitipuoli stepcotheraidinisa grandfatheraidinaiti grandmotheraidin isoisa gg fatheraidin isoaiti gg motheraidin isoiean isa 2gg fatheraidin ieoienn aiti 2?g motheraidin is~idin isa 2gg fatheraidin ieoaid1o alti 2gg mother4id1oeno granduncle

Antti AndsrsHannu HansHeikki HandleJaakkima J oakimJuhana, Juhani, Juho

Johannss, JohanKaapo GabrielKlaus KlasKerttu GertrudLauri LarsMarotta MargaretaMarkku Markus

FINNISH GIVEN NAMES

Martti Marten,MartinMatti Mathias, MattsMauno Magnus, MansMikko Mikael MickelNiilo NilsOlavi Olli OlofPaavo Paul PalPekka Petrus Per PeterPentti BengtPertti BertelPietari Peter PerPirkko Birgitta

Reko Cregorius, GrelsRioti FredrikRiitta Br1taRisto KristianSauteri AlexanderSipi SigfridTaavetti, Taavi DavidTspani Stefan, StaffanVilho, Ville Vilhelm­Yrjana' GoranYr jo' Georg

v.J .•-

Finnish: FEHALE IIAHES S',;edi "h:

................................................................................

· ........................................

AnnaZvaHelgal!edvigIngaIn<;ridKatari:1aGertrudElisabetn~ari.fl

A:.'"':'.;:";'""~3.

Hac..;"retaBirgittaGretaFredrikkaBritaCeciliaSigridSofiaValborg

. .

.........................

Vappu oo .. oo oo oooooo oooo ..

...........................................

Katriina ..•.. IO •••••••••••••••••••••••••

· ,.

· .

· .· " .

· ..

· .

· .

· .· .· .· " .

Anni, Annikki, AnnikaEevaHelkaHetaInkaInkeriKa"tri,KerttuLiisa..raija ••••..•......•............•..••.........••MantaHarkettaPirkkoReetaRetriikaRiittaSiljaSikke, SiiriSohvi, SoppoValpuri,

iJ· I'~ .... , ,...,.- ."- .~~..... I' r ,.,'c". , ,. I,

T }. .. :."C",,'. ,.,'~

FINNISH NA~lES OF THE MONTHS:

January •••••••• Tammikuu Tammi

February ••••••• Helmikuu

March

April

..........

..........Maliskuu

Huhtikuu

HelMi

Haalis

Huhti

Yay ••••••••••••

JU:le

July

............

...........

Toukokuu ToukoII .,

Kesakuu - Kesa

Hein~uu - Heina

A~gust ••••••••• Elokuu - Elo

September •••••• Syyskuu S:rys

0=to::.er •••••••• Lokakuu - Loka

Hcvembe:-

December

.......•••••••

Marraskuu - 11arras

Joulukuu - Joulu

1.

2.

j(ip?i1<ir,j~'~

/ tt(i~" .1'\), - ,('I "(P\-,lJ 0 LL-:.ste:~d.rj [~t.

3. S;,rntymct 3. Bi:rtr-.s

Vihityt

Avioliitto~siakirjat

6. Kuulutetut 6. Narri<3gc intentions

10. Remo,e1s & n~~ber5 received

9. ConfirnatiGns

8. Hembership r.:overr:ents

7. Deaths & BuriG1sKuolleet

r1uuttaneet

Rippilapset

\l~uuttokirjat - Flyttnin~sbetyg

t :"l1('1.l:.U~'\tK\(ta.. ,,.,vi.,. 4rc~i\1"('? .\.~ll. ~e'J t.:\ i<,v,",,"cH')' ,', IltV v1 1C-l I_".,.'~t·

Vierasseurakuntalaisten historia-kirjat

7.

\

/t9.

I 10.

12. Church C8!''iS'.s

13. HeMikirjaL 13. Census

14. AsutukscfI,\' I cisluettelot 14. Gener21 reziste~ of t~e Illi~abitani

15. Per:13:'ue LI.: c: :

16. 16. , "J..Dven ... or:

17. 1·:3ekirjn!..

13. PitqP:l-, kir::onlcokousten jakir!d:iO:I'":~Uvd~;l.on ptk.

19. Tarkastu::;rl.k. 19• Vis :..:'(.a to ions

20. Rokotetut 20. Vaccin:?tions

21. 'l'ilikirj atKoyhain tilit,~oyhai~~oitoasiakirjat

Euut Ulit

21. Acco'.lnts

22. Invent~ariot

KalustoluettelotArkistoluettclot

2:? Inventories

23. V<ikilu.!:lltaulut 23. Pop~~tion ~:~tistics

2/:. Pcnlddj cirj cs tJ';'

26. Asevelvolliset

25.

26.

ecrU fic,Jtc';

Enlis t.mcnt~~

27. Rikoslucttelot 27. - I, I '\ \ I '\.

, : . "j~: ,~_ r ';

28. Muut asiGkirjatVaaliasiakirjatKanto!d.rjatKinkerikirjatVaivaisrahatVaivaisruodutKouluasia!d.rjatKirjeet

28. Ni~iCcll;]r.cOU3 doct:~ents

EL~ctiol1 records

School docTh"entsLetters

29. Henkilohaker.1isto - ?erson register

30. Paikkakuntahakemisto - Ortsregister

31. Sisallysluettelo

30.

31.

,-r

Table of contents

VfR1 'F'ILiZr 1 !'-) L 1'\ \\:\1;) - -

GLC HELPS:FINLAND

Th1s l1st w1ll help you to understand the way F1nn1shrecords are l1sted 1n the GLC. The early records wereoften wr1tten 1n Swed1sh. so both Eng11sh and Swed1shtranslat10ns are 1ncluded.

Finnish Swedish English

Socleenstammoprotokoll

ArleistoluetteloAseveIvo11 isetAsutulesen yleisluettelo

ArkivforteclcningVampIiletigaGeneral regi ster

Over befolkningenillctenskapshandl ingarHinderloshetsbetyg

BrevBrevbolc. anlcaMa hand­

lingarHandli ngar riirande

kyrkobyggnadenSicoIhandl ingar.Diida och begravnaForeI ysta. lysningar

Inventory of archivesConscript soldiersGeneral register of

inhabitantsllarriage docunentscertifi cates attest ing

freedom fran liabi I i tycensusIndex to parish registerBirth, marriage, and

death recordsChurch censusInventoryInventoryTax assessment rollscatechi smaI meet i ng

recordsLettersCorrespondence, letters

Records regarding thechurch building

School docunentsDeaths and burialsBanns

llanualPoor relief records

List of slow readersand indolent hearers

Preconfi rmat ionsland recordsDocunents of parce t Iing

of landMiscellaneous docunentsArrivals or removalscertificates of arrivalsLocaIi ty indexRecords of the parsonage

Pew listsRegister of fami liesPrivate inventories of

decedents' estatesMinutes of parochial

_tings

llantaIslangderPersonregisterHi storiebiic:ker

AldersbiicleerInventarielangdInventarielangdlWbiirdslangderLasforhOrsbiiclcer

HancllokHandlingar rSrande

fattigv~rd

Genstraviga lasare

BarnbOckerJordebOckerAgodelningshandlingar

Diverse handlingarFlyttningslangderFlyttningsbetygOrtregisterHandli ngar rSrandeprast~rden

BanlefordelningslangderFamiljeregisterBouppteckningar

AvioliittoasialcirjatEsteettiimyys-

toeH stulesetHenleilei rjatHenlei 1000000emistoHistorialeirjat

IIe.ilcirjatInventaarioKalustoluetteloKantoluettelotKinlceriasialeirjat

KirjeetKirjelcirjat, saapuneet

asia1cirjatKirlcon asialcirjat

KouluasialeirjatKuolleetKuulutetut. aviokuulu­

tulcset ja lewIutus­leirjat

Kasilei rjaKDyhainhoitoasialeir­

jat, leoyhien luet-. telot, vaivaisruodut

Laisleanluleijat

LastenleirjatIlaakirjatKaanjako-oikeuden

asiakirjatllUut asiakirjatIlUuttaneetIlUuttoici r jatPaiklcakuntahalcemi stoPappilan asialcirjat

PenklcijarjestysPerheIuette10

Peru(n)kirjat japerunjakokirjat

Pi Ujan- ja ki rlcon­kolcousten ja ki r1c1co­neuvoston p(jytaleirjat

Finnish Swedish English

Registers of parishionersbeI ongi ng to otherparishes

Church acccuntsElection records

VaccinationsLists of finesTable of contentsBirths and christeningsVisitations

Poor-rel ief acceunts

IlarriagesPi:lpulation statistics

HuvudbOcker

RikenskaperVallangder

Brotts1angderAVlosningslangder

SOndagsskolbarnen

Fattiglosen, fattig­kassan

Historieb8cker~inisterialb8cker)

for frimlande for­sanIingsbor

VigdaFe1kmangdstabeller

List of Sunday Schoolchi ldren

Ilain books/CQlllllnionbooks

Criminal registersConfessions and

abso1ut ionsKcrnnunionbOcker Communion booksAdmitterade, konfirman- Register of first

der, konfirmations- communicantslangder

Vacci neradeBOteslangderInne~llsforteckning

FOdda och dOptaVisitationsprotokol1

Paakirjat

Vierasseurakuntalais­ten historiakirjat

Rikos I uettelotRipitettyjen luette­

lot, ripityskirjatRippikirjatRippi lapset

PyhaIccuI ulapset

RokotetutSaJckoluettelotSisallysluettel0SyntyneetTarkastuspOytikirjat,

katselllllsp5ytakirjatTilikirjatVaaliasiakirjat, pa­

pinvaaliasiakirjatVaivaisrahat

VihitytVikilukutaulut

kuolleisuustaulut

THE BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO

FINNISHGENEALOGICAL

RESEARCH

FINLAND

THOMSEN'S GENEALOGICAL CENTER

CON TEN T S :

GENERAL INFORMA TION ·•• ···.·····•··· 3

CHURCH RECORDS ···•·· 4

INTERNATIONAL GENEALOGICAL INDEX B

EMIGRA TlON RECORDS AND PASSENGER LISTS .'~

COMMON FINNISH AND SWEDISH GIVEN NAMES 11

PA TRONYMICS 13

COUNTIES OF FINLAND 13

PARISHES OF FINLAND 14

MAP OF THE COUNTIES OF FINLAND 19

MAP OF THE PROVINCES OF FINLAND 20

COMMON FINNISH GENEALOGICAL TERMS 21

COMMON SWEDISH GENEALOGICAL TERMS 22

ARCHIVES. LIBRARIES. GENEALOGICAL SOCIETIES. AND RESEARCHERS 23

THE GOTHIC ALPHABET 25

RELA TlONSHIP CHAR T 26

BASIC REFERENCE BOOKS 27

2

G ENE R A L I N FOR MAT ION

BEFORE STARTING THE RESEARCH IN THE ORIGINAL FINNISH RECORDS:

1. Collect all the information about the ancestor which may be available in old letters.diaries. journals. Bibles. etc. Often. a lot of time and money can be saved by col­lecting all the facts at home or at relatives.

2. Interview relatives. especially older people. and record the information they knowabout the ancestor. or write letters to them. If you do not know them very well, itmay be wise not to ask for too muctrat once.

3. Check for duplication. The research on your lines or part of your lines may alreadyhave been compiled. A printed history may be found which would include part of yourancestry. A good source to check would be the Genealogical library in Salt LakeCity, Utah, which has many Finnish family histories. This library also has indexes tomore than 100 million names from all over the world.

4. In order to begin research in Finland. you must first determine the exact place inFinland your ancestor came from. Records in Finland were kept on a local basis. Thebest source of this information Is often your family. Your mother. father.grandparent. aunt or uncle may know your ancestor's birthplace. You can also searchin various U.S. research sources such as church records. obituaries. county histories.immigration records. land records. etc. They may contain the clue necessary to beginthe search in the Finnish records.

5. Use gazetteers (locality directories) to determine jurisdictions and maps to famil­iarize yourself with the area where your ancestors lived.

6. Be familiar with the sources available in the area in which you are interested, andlearn how to use them.

7. VERY IMPORTANT: Keep complete and accurate records of your research efforts.

3

C H UR C H R E COR 0 S

The original church records of Finland are kept in various provincial and parish archives.Microfilms have been made of these records from the time they begin (late 1600s-early1700s) until 1860-1880. These films are available at the National Archives in Finland, andthe Provincial Archives in Finland have films pertaining to their areas. These films arealso available at the Genealogical Library in Salt Lake City which makes them availablethrough its 600 branch libraries around the world. For information about this library andits branches, see page 24.

There are also microfilms of transcripts of the birth, marriage, and death records andsometimes moving records and church accounts on microfilm. These transcripts cover thetime from the beginning of the records to at least 1850, sometimes beyond. They arewritten in clearer and more modem handwriting which may make your research easier,especially of the earlier records. They do not, however, contain all of the informationthat the original records do; for instance, christening witnesses are omitted.

Finland, being part of the kingdom of Sweden from the twelth century until 1809, wasaffected by the decree of 1686 which outlined specific instructions as to how church re­cords should be kept.

• The decree required the following of each parish:

1. A record should be kept of all bridal couples, including the names of their parents.residences. and Christian knowledge.

2. A record should be kept of all births. including the names of the parents; the wit­nesses at the christening; the names, the birth. and the christening dates of thechildren; and the place where they were born.

3. Each deceased person should be listed with information indicating whether he wasburied in the church or on the churchyard. The person's age at the time of death. lastresidence, and position should also be recorded.

4. A list of people moving in or out of the parish should also be maintained. The listshould include where each person came from. or where the person was going.

5. The names of the parishioners should be recorded in a bool<. (The book was known as"katekismilangd" (catechism roll -- a list of people receiving instructions in the cat­echism). It usually contained the names of only those people who attended commun­ion. This record was replaced with the more complete commmunion book about 1750or in some areas somewhat later.]

Not all of the parish records of Finland are available from the earliest time period -­many have been lost or destroyed, and some of the parish ministers were slow to complywith the church law. The church records of Finland were kept in Swedish until 1863, afterwhich a gradual transition to Finnish began.

"

The types of church records of special value to the genealogists are:

English

Birth and christening recordsBanns and marriage recordsDeath and burial recordsRecords of arrivals and removalsCertificates of removalsConfirmation recordsCommunion records and

preconfirmationsChurch accounts

Finnish

Syntyneet ja kastetutKuulutetut ja vihitytKuolleet ja hauda tutMuuttaneetMuttokirjatRippilapsetRippikirjat ja

lastenkirjatTilikirjat

Swedish

Fadda och dopta(Fare)lysta och vigdaDada och begravdaFlyttningsliingderFlyttningsbetygKonfirmeradeKommunionoocker och

bamb6ckerRiikenskaper

1. BIRTH AND CHRISTENING RECORDS

The following information is usually found in the birth and christening records:

I. Name of the child

2. Sex of the child

3. Date of birth and/or christening

4. Names of father and mother (father only in earlier records)

5. The father's occupation

6. Residence of the parents

7. Age of the mother (not in the earlier records)

.8. Whether the child was legitimate or illegitimate

9. Names of godparents or witnesses and their residences

Note: In cases of illegitimacy it appears that the mother was not required to reveal thename of the child's father.

II. BANNS AND MARRIAGE RECORDS

It was usually the custom to publish banns three consecutive Sundays prior to the actualmarriage. If anyone objected to the marriage, he could make it known to the authorities.

The marriage records usually contain the following:

I. Date of marriage

2. Occupation of the bridegroom

3. Name of the bridegroom

5

4. Name of the bride

5. Residence of the bride and the groom

6. Indication if either person was a widow or widower

The record of proclamation of banns often lists the sponsor (giftoman) for the bride. whousually was her father, brother. or another close relative. In most cases the marriagetook place in the parish in which the bride had resided before the marriage.

III. DEA TH AND BURIAL RECORDS

The contents of these records may vary a great deal from parish to parish. but generallythe following information may be found:

I. Name of the deceased

2. Date of death and/or burial

3. Last residence

4. Marital status

5. Occupation

6. Age at death

7. Name of parents (usually only the father in the earlier records) if the deceased was achild

8. Name of the husband if deceased was a married female

9. Cause of death

IV. RECORDS I3F ARRIVALS AND REMOVALS

According to the law of 1686 a record should be kept of all persons removing from, orarriving into the parish with a notation about their origin or destination. These recordswere kept, sometimes sporadically. from the late 1600s.

The records may contain:

ARRIVALS (Finnish: SisaanmuuttaneetSwedish: Inflyttade)

1. Date

2. Name of the person moving intothe parish

3. New residence within the parish

4. Parish from which the personcame

REMOVALS (Finnish: UlosmuuttaneetSwedish: Utflyttade)

1. Date

2. Name of the person movingfrom the parish

3. Last residence within the parish

4. Parish to which the personmoved

6

V. CERTIFICATES OF REMOVALS

A person moving from a parish would normally get a certi ficate from the parish minister.which attested to the following:

I. Name

2. Age

3. Parentage (usually)

4. Marital status

5. Former residence

6. Christian knowledge

7. Conduct

This certificate was then presented to the minister in the new parish.

These certificates are generally filed chronologically according to the date of receipt. butsome have been alphabetically arranged within each year. The years were arrangedchronologically.

People who emigrated were, in many cases. also issued certificates. These can providevaluable clues to the genealogist. if still in familY possession.

VI. CONFIRMA TIONS

These records list information about youth. 14-18 years of age. who have had religiousinstruction in preparation for their first communion. Sometimes these records list theyouths by villages within the parish. separating boys and girls. The records contain:

I. Name

2. Age or birth date

3. Residence

4. Father's name

Vl!. COMMUNION BOOKS AND PRECONFIRMAnONS

Many parishes have communion records available before 1713 (time of the Great Wrath),but most begin about 1750. The information is extremely important. and should be usedby every genealogist searching the Finnish records.

The preconfirmation rolls were used for children not yet confirmed. After confirmationthe children were entered in the communion books. Not all parishes used preconflrmatlonrolls. In western Finland young children were frequently entered directly in the commun­ion books.

7

Some of the most complete rolls will contain the following information:

I. Residence of the family

2. Occupation of the head of the family

3. Names of all the members of the family and of the persons living within the family

4. Oates and places of birth

5. Legitimacy of children

6. Oates of marriage

7. Dates of death

8. Information about removals and arrivals (also within the parish)

9. Relationships

10. Information about each person's knowledge of his religion and the dates of attendanceat communion

II. Remarks about physical or mental defects, criminal offenses, etc.

12. Index to the villages and perhaps the farms within the record

Vlll. CHURCH ACCOUNTS

Usually these records contain only ledgers showing monetary transactions. However, in afew cases they may include information of genealogical value.

I NT ERN AT ION A L G ENE ALOG I CAL I N D E X

The Genealogical Society in Salt Lake City, Utah, has directed an extraction program ofthe Finnish parish registers (or the transcripts of the parish registers). Approximately 4.5million christening entries and 100,000 marriage entries have been extracted and are nowindexed in the International Genealogical Index (l.G.I.). This index is available at theGenealogical Library in Salt Lake City, Utah, and at its branch libraries. It contains thenames of deceased persons only. Most of the names are for the period before the year1875.

In the I.G.I for Finland, the entries have been alphabetized according to the surname ofthe person being christened or married within each county in the 1981 edition. and ac­cording to the given name in the 1984 edition. A person searching this index to Finnishchristenings should be aware that the surnames given to the people being christened araassumed, as surnames usually are not listed in the original records. In most cases theassumed surname is the patronymic surname (derived from the father's given name).Surnames may be patronymic surnames, farm names, or actual family surnames. Thegenealogist should check both the given name index and the surname index. Also note. as

8

you search the I.G.!•• that it mostly uses the christening date and not the actual birth date.Some copying errors have been found in the index, but it is an extremely valuable researchtool. and it is highly recommended that the index be checked before conducting researchin the original Finnish records.

E MIG RAT IONLIS T 5

R E CO R 0 5 AND PASSE NG E R

I. PASSENGER LISTS OF SUOMEN HOYRYLAIVA OSAKEYHTIO -- FINSKAANFARTYGS AKTIEBOLAGET (FINNISH STEAMSHIP COMPANY):

Period covered: 1892-1960

Contents: Name of emigrant, age. port of departure. and destination

Availability: Turun yliopiston yleisen historian laitosSiirtolaishistorian tutkimusarkistoPiispankatu 3SF-20500 Turku. Finland

Also on film at the Genealogical Library. Salt Lake City. Utah

II. ANNUAL EMIGRATION LISTS:

Period covered: 1870-1924

Contents: Annual lists of emigrants from each parish. organized by counties

Availability: Valtionarkisto (The National Archives)PI 258SF-00171 Helsinki. Finland

III. L.D.S. CHURCH EMIGRA TION & IMMIGRAnON RECORDS:

There has not been any organized emigration from Finland by the Church of Jesus Christof Latter-Day Saints. However. early members of this church who joined it in otherScandinavian countries will likely be found in one of the many emigration records kept bythe Church. These records are available on microfilms at the Genealogical Library. SaltLake City. Utah. and its branch libraries.

9

IV. SWEDISH PASSENGER LISTS:

Period covered: 1874-1939 for Malmo. and 1869-1920 for Goteborg

Contents: Passenger lists of people departing from the ports of Malmo and Goteborg.Sweden. included numerous Finns. listing their names. ages, the places theyresided prior to departure. destinations. and dates of departure. These listswere indexed annually from 1874-1891 for Malmo. and from 1869-1893 forGoteborg. A special index of Finns exists for Goteborg from 1869-1884.

Availability: Malmo City Archive and Goteborg Provincial Archives. Some on film at theGenealogical Library. Salt Lake City, Utah.

V. U.S. PASSENGER LISTS:

Period covered: 1820-1943

Contents: All ships had to submit a list of passengers. Name, age, sex. occupation.country of origin. and destination in the U.S. were included. depending on theyear of arrival. Since 1902, the places of origin in Finland have been re­corded. Many of the lists have been indexed.

Availability: National Archives. Washington. D.C.Most records on microfilms at the Genealogical Library. Salt Lake City.Utah.

10

COM M0 N

NAME S

FIN N ISH AND S WED ISH G I VE N

Finnish

Aabraham. Aapo. AappoAadolf. Aatto. Ate. Tolppo. TolppiAapo, AapelAatamiAntti. Antero. AntreiDaavid. Taavetti. TaaviEero. ErkkiHannuHeikkiHemminkiHerkko. HermanniIisakkiJaakkimaJaakko. Jaska. KauppiJooseppi. Joose. JuusoJuho. Juha. Jussi. Juhana. JuhonaKaapo, Kaapro. KaaprielKaarlo. KaarleKlausKustaa. KyostiLauriMarkku. MarkoMarttiMatti. MatiasMaunu. MaunaMikaeli. MikkoNiilo. NikuNuuttiOIavi. alii. UolEl\liPaavali. PaavoPenttiPertti. PerttyliPietari. Pekka. PetriRekorius, RekoRietrikki. Rietu. Rieti. ReetuRistoSamuliSanteriSilmoni. SimaSipiTaneliTapani, TahvoTopias, Topi. ToivoTuomasUrpoVilho. VilleVilppuYrjo, Yrjana

MALE NAMES

Swedish

Abraham. AbramAdolfAbelAdamAnders. AndreasDavidErikHansHenrikHemingHermanlsakJoakimJakobJosefJohan(nes). John. Jon. JeanGabrielKarl. Carolus. KalleClas. ClaudiusGustaf. GostaLars. Lasse. LaurentiusMarkusMArten. MartinusMathias. MattsMagnus. MAnsMikael. MickelNils. Nicolaus. NikolaiKnutOIof. Ole. ailePAl. PaulusBengtBertel. BartolomeusPeter. Petrus. PerGregorius. GreisFredrikChristian. ChristerSamuelAlexanderSimonSigfridDanielStefan, Staffan. StefanusTobiasThomasUrbanus. UrbanVilhelmFilipGeorg. Joran

I 1

Finnish

Anni. Annikki. AnnikaEeva. EeviHelkaHetaHilda. TildaInkaInkeriJaana. HanneleKaarinaKatri. Katriina. Kaisa. KaisuKerttuKirsti. Ristiina. KirsiLeenaLiisa. Liisi. ElliLottaLoviisaLyydia. Lyyli. LyytiMaija. MarjaMantaMarketta. MarjattaMarttaMataIeena. LeenaPirkkoReetaRetrikka. RiikkaRiittaSiikkri. Sikke. SiiriSikneSiljaSohvi. SoppoTorotei. TeijaUlriikkaValpuri. VappuViilhelmiina. Miina. Minna

FEMALE NAMES

Swedish

AnnaEvaHelgaHedvigMat(h)ildaIngaIngridJohanna. HannaKarinCatharina. Katarina. Catrina. Cajsa. KajsaGertrudChristina. Kristina. Kerstin. StinaHelena. LenaElisa(bet). Lisbet. lisa. LiskenCharlotta. Lotta. LottenLovisaLydiaMaria. MajaAmandaMargaretaMarta. MartaMagdalena. Malena. Malin. LenaBirgitta. BirgitGretaFredrikaBritaSigrid. SiriSigneCeciliaSofiaDorotea. Dordi. Doris. DorritUlrika. UllaValborgVilhelmina

12

PAT RON Y M res

The patronymic naming system was used in Finland by a vast section of the population forcenturies. In this system a name, used like a surname, was formed by the addition of asuffix indicating relationship to the given name of the person's father. For males theFinnish suffix was -poika and the Swedish suffix was -son, and for females the Finnishsuffix was -tytar and the Swedish suffix was -dotter. In Finnish, the possessive form ofthe father's name may vary slightly from the basic form of the name.

Examples: Finnish: • Pentti. the son of Antti Pekanpoika, was known as PenttiAntinpoika.

• Maria. the daughter of Antti Pekanpoika. was known as MariaAntintytar.

Swedish: • 8engt, the son of Anders Persson. was known as 8engtAndersson.

• Maria, the daughter of Anders Persson. was known as MariaAndersdotter

lllegitimate children may have a patronymic based on their mother's first name.

Examples: Finnish: • Pentti Liisanpoika• Maria Liisantytar

Swedish: • 8engt Lisasson• Maria Lisasdotter

THE c 0 U N T rES o F F r NLAN D

Finnish name

AhvenanmaaHameKesl<i-SuomiKuopioKymiLappiMikl<eliOuluPohjois-KarjalaTurl<u-PoriUusimaa (Uudenmaan)VaasaViipuri

Swedish name

AlandTavastehusMellersta FinlandKuopioKymmeneLapplandSt. MichelUleAborgNorra KarelenAbo och 8jomeborgNylandVasaViborg

Abbreviation

AhHaKS (since 1960)KuKyLaMiOuPK (since 1960)TPUuVaVi

Finland is divided into ten historic provinces (Finnish: maakunta; Swedish: landsl<ap). Foradministrative purposes the country is divided into counties (Finnish: laani; Swedish: Ian).The number of counties and their boundaries have changed through time. TheGenealogical Library Catalog (G.L.C.) is based on the counties as they were in 1945.keeping Viipuri county for the discontinued parishes (an area now in the U.S.S.R.) andadding Kymi county for the area immediately west of the 1945 border.

The following parishes existed before 1900 and generally have microfilmed records in theGenealogical Library. You can use the G.L.C. to find film call numbers for specificrecords of parishes your ancestors came from.

13

P A R I S H E S 0 F F I NLAN D

Finnish Name Swedish Name County Finnish Name Swedish Name COU!]

Ahlainen Vittisbofjard TP Hauho HiiAkaa Ackas Ha Haukipudas OuAlaharma Va Haukivuori MiAlajarvi Va Hausjarvi HaAalastaro TP Heinjoki ViAlatornio NedertorneA La Heinola (city) MiAlaveteli Nedervetil Va Heinola (rural) MiAlavieska Ou Heinavesi MiAlavus Alavo Va Helsinki (city) Helsingfors UUAngelniemi TP Helsinki (rural) Helsinge UUAnjala Ky Hiitola ViAntrea St. Andree Vi Hiittinen Hitis TPAnttola Mi Himanka Himango VaArtjiirvi Artsja Uu Hinnerjoki TPAsikkala Hii Hirvensal mi MiAskainen Villnas TP Hollola HaAskola Askula Uu Honkajoki Hongonjoki TPAura TP Honkilahti Honkilaks TPBerga Va Houtskari Houtskar TPBromarv Uu Huittinen Vittis TPBranda Ah Humppila HiiDegerby Uu Hyrynsalmi OuDragsfjard TP Hameenkyra Tavastkyrii TPEckera Ah Hameenlinna Tavastehus HiiElimaki Elima Ky (city)Eno Ku Hameenlinna (rural) HiiEnonkoski Mi Ii Ijo OuEnontekiii Enontekis La Iisalmi (city) Idensalmi KuErajarvi Ha Iisalmi (rural) KuEspoo Esbo Uu Iitti ltis KyEura TP Ikaalinen Ikalis TPEruajoki EuraAminne TP !lmajoki IImola VaEvijarvi Va !lomantsi IIomants KuFagervik Uu Impilahti Impilaks ViFinstriim Ah Inari Enare LaFiigla Ah Inia TPGeta Ah Inkoo IngA UuHaapajarvi Aspsja Ou Isojoki StorA VaHaapavesi Ou Isokyra Storkyrii VaHailuoto Karla Ou Jaakkima ViHalikko TP Jaala KyHalsua Halso Va Jalasjarvi VaHamina Fredrikshamn Ky Janakkala HaHammarland Ah Jepua Jeppo VaHankasalmi Ku Joensuu KuHanko Hangii Uu Johannes St. Johannes ViHarjavalta TP Jokioinen Jockis HiiHarju Ha Jomala AhHartola Gustav Adolfs Mi Joroinen Jorois MiHattula Ha Joutsa Mi

14

Finnish Name Swedish Name County Finnish Name Swedish Name County

Joutseno Ky Kiikoinen Kikois TPJuankoski Ku Kiiminki Kiminge auJurva Va Kirkkonummi Kyrkslatt UuJuuka Juga Ku Kirvu Kirvus ViJuva Jockas Mi Kisko TPJyvaskyla (city) Va Kitee Kides KuJyvaskyla (rural) Va Kittila LaJamijarvi TP Kiukainen Kiukais TPJamsa Ha Kiuruvesi KuJappila Mi- Kivennapa Kivinebb ViJaaski Jaskis Vi Kivijarvi VaKaarina St. Karins TP Kodisjoki TPKaarlela Karleby Va Koivisto Bjerke ViKaavi Ku Koivulahti Kvevlaks VaKajaani (city) Kajana au Kokemaki Kumo TPKajaani (rural) au Kokkola Gamlakarleby VaKakskerta TP Kolari LaKalajoki au Konginkangas VaKalanti Kaland TP Kontiolahti Kontiolaks KuKalvola Kangais Ha Korpilahti Korpilaks HaKangasala Ha Korppoo Korpo TPKangaslampi Mi Korsnas VaKangasniemi Mi Kortesjarvi VaKankaanpaa TP Koskenkyla Forsby UuKannus Va Koski Koskis HiiKarijoki Biitom Va Koski Koskis TPKarjaa Karis Uu Kotka KyKarjala TP Kristiinan- Kristinestad VaKarjalohja Karislojo Uu kaupunkiKarkku TP Kruunupyy Kronoby VaKarstula Va Kuhmalahti Kuhmalaks HaKarttula Ku Kuhmo auKaruna TP Kuhmoinen Kuhmois HaKarunki Karungi La Kuivaniemi OuKarvia TP Kullaa Kulla TPKaskinen Kaske Va Kumlinge AhKauhajoki Va Kuolemajarvi ViKauhava Va Kuopio (city) KuKaukola Vi Kuopio (rural) KuKaustinen Kaustby Va Kuorevesi HiiKauvatsa TP Kuortane VaKeitele Ku Kurikka VaKemi (rural) La Kurkijoki Kronoborg ViKemijarvi Kemitrask La Kuru HaKemi6 Kimito TP Kustavi Gustavs TPKempele au Kuusamo auKerimaki Mi Kuusisto Kuste TPKestilii au Kuusjoki TPKesiilahti Kesalaks Ku Kylmiikoski HaKeuruu Va Kymi Kymmene KyKlihtEllysvaara Ku Kakisalmi Kexholm ViKiikala TP Kiilviii KelviA VaKiikka Tf' Kark61a Hii

15

Finnish Name Swedish Name County Finnish Name Swedish Name County

Karsamaki Ou Metsapirtti ViKokar Ah Miehikkala KyKoylio Kjulo TP Mietoinen Mietios TPLaihia Laihela Va Mikkeli (city) St. Michel MiLaitila Letala TP Mikkeli (rural) MiLammi Lampis Ha Mouhijarvi TPLapinjarvi Lapptrask Uu Muhos TPL.ilpinJahti Lapinlaks Ku Multia Muldia VaLappajarvi Va Munsala VaLappee Lappvesi Ky Muolaa Mola ViLappecnranta Villmanstrand Ky Muonio LaLappi Lappnas TP Mustasaari Korsholm VaLapua lappo Va Mustio SvartA UuLapvaartti Lappfjard Va Muurla TPLaukaa Laukas Va Mynamaki Virmo TPLavansaari Uivskar Vi Myrskyla Morskom UuLavia TP Mantsala UuLehtimaki LovkulJa Va Mantyharju MiLeivonmaki Mi Naantali NAdendal TPLemi Klemis Ky Nakkila TPLemland Ah Nastola HiiLempaiWi Lembois Hii Nauvo Nagu TPLemu Lemo TP Nilsiii KuLeppiivirta Ku Nivala OuLestijarvi Va Nokia HiiLieto Lunda TP Noormarkku Norrmarl< TPLiljendal Uu Nousiainen Nousis TPLiminka Limingo Ou Nummi Nummis UuLiperi Libelits Ku Nurmes KuLohja Lojo Uu Nurmijarvi UuLohtaja LochteA Va Nurmo VaLoimaa TP Narpiii Narpes VaLokalahti Lokalaks TP Oravainen Oravais VaLoppi Loppis Ha Orimattila UuLoviisa Lovisa Uu Oripaa TPLuhanka Luhango Mi Orismala Orisberg VaLumparland Ah Orivesi HaLuopioinen Luopios Ha Oulilinen Oululais OuLuoto Larsmo Va Oulu UleAborg OuLuumaki Ky Oulujoki OuLuvia TP Oulunsalo UleAsalo OuLangelmaki Ha Outokumpu KuMaalahti Malaks Va Paattinen Patis TPMaaninka Maninga Ku Pilavola OuMaaria St. Marie TP Padasjoki HaMaksamaa Maksmo Va Paimio Pemar TPMarttila St. MArtens TP Paltamo Paldamo OuMasku Masko TP Parainen Pargas TPMerijarvi Ou Parikkala KyMerikarvia Sastmola TP Parkano TPMerimasku TP Pattijoki OuMessukyla Messuby Ha Perho VaMetsamaa TP Pernaja Pernll Uu

16

Finnish Name Swedish Name County Finnish Name Swedish Name Coun~:i

Pernio Sjarn! TP Reisjiirvi auPertteli St. BertHs TP Renko Rengo HiiPeriiseiniijoki Va Revonlahti Revolaks OuPetolahti Petalks Va Ristiina Kristina MiPetiijiivcsi Va Ristijiirvi auPieksiimiiki Mi Rovaniemi LaPielavesi Ku Ruokolahti Ruokolaks KyPHilisjiirvi Ku Ruotsinpyhtiiii Striimfors UuPietarsaari (city) Jakobstad Va Ruovesi HiiPietarsaari Pedersore V;- Ruskeala Vi

(rural) Rusko TPPihlajavesi Va Rymiittylii Rimito TPPihtipudas Va Riiisaia ViPiiki6 Pikis TP Raakkylli Srakylli KuPiippola au Saarijarvi VaPirttikylli Portom Va Sahalahti Sahalaks HiiPohja Pojo Uu Sakkola ViPolvijarvi Ku Salla LaPomarkku PAmark TP Saloinen OuPori (city) Sjorneborg TP Saltvik AhPori (rural) TP Sammatti UuPomainen Borgnas Uu Sauvo Sagu TPPorvoo BargA Uu Savonlinna Nyslott MiPudasjarvi au Savonranta MiPukkila Uu Seinlijoki VaPulkkila au Seiskari Seitskar ViPunkalaidun TP Sievi auPuolanka Puolango au Siikainen Siikais TPPurmo Va Siikajoki OuPusula Uu Siipyy Sideby VaPuumala Mi Sima Lapyhtlia Pyttis Ky Sipoo Sibbo UuPyhajoki au Sippola KyPyhajarvi au Siuntio SjundeA Uupyhajlirvi Uu Snappertuna UuPyhajlirvi Vi Soanlahti Vipyhlimaa TP Sodankyla Lapyharanta TP Soini VaPalkjarvi Vi Somemiemi Sorrnnamas HliPlilkline Hli Somero Hi!P6ytyli Poytis TP Sortavala (city) Sordavala ViRaahe Brahestad au Sortavala (rural) ViRaippaluoto Replot Va Sotkamo auRaisio Reso TP Sottunga AhRantasalmi Mi Sulkava MiRantsila Frantsila au Sulva Solf VaRauma (city) Raumo TP Sumiainen Sumiais VARauma (rural) TP Sund AhRautalampi Ku Suodenniemi TPRautavaara Ku Suomennieni KyRautio au Suomusjlirvi TPRautjlirvi Ky Suomussalmi auRautu Rautus Vi Suonenjoki Ku

17

Finnish Name Swedish Name County Finnish Name Swedish Name County

Suoniemi TP Vanaja V~n~ HiiSuursaari Hogland Vi Varl<aus KuSysmii Mi Vehkalahti Veckelaks KySakkijiirvi Vi Vehmaa Vemo TPSiikylii TP Velkua TPSiirkisalo Finby TP Vesnato KuSiiriiisniemi au Vp.silahti Vesilaks HiiSiiiiksmiiki Hii Veteli Vetil VaSiiiiminki Saminge Mi Vihanti auTaipalsaari Ky Vihti Vichtis UuTaivalkoski au Viipuri (city) Viborg ViTaivassalo Tovsala TP Viipuri (rural) ViTammela Hii Viitasaari VaTammisaari Ekeniis Uu Viljakkala TPTampere Tammerfors Hii Vimpeli Vindala VaTarvasjoki TP Virolahti Vederlaks KyTeerijiirvi Terjiirv Va Virrat Virdois VaTeisko Hii V~rdo AhTemmes au Viihiikyro Lillkyro VaTenhola Tenala Uu Viirtsila KuTervola La Viistanfjard TPTeuva Ostermarl< Va Voyri Vor~ VaTohmajiirvi Ku Vlihiirmii VaToholampi Va Vlikiiminki CJverl<iminge auToivakka Va Vlistaro VaTomio Trone~ La Vlitomio Overtome~ LaTottijiirvi Hii Vlivieska auTurl<u Abo TP Vliine TPTurtola La Vlojiirvi HiiTuulos Tulois Hii Vpiijii HiiTuusmiemi Ku Ahtiiri Etseri VaTuusula Tusby Uu Ahtiivii Esse VaTyrniivii auTyrviinto Tyrviindo HaTyrviiii Tyrvis TPTytarsaari Tyterskiir ViToysii VaUllava ValJlvila Ulvsby TPUrjala Urdiala HaUskela TPUtajarvi auUtsjoki LaUukuniemi Uguniemi KyUurainen Urais VaUusikaarlepyy Nykarleby VaUusikaupunki Nystad TPUusikirl<ko Nykyrl<a ViVaasa Vasa VaVahto TPValkeala KyValkjarvi ViVampula Vambula TP

18

KUOP.rO I

\ Pohjois KarjalaKuopio ···..(Norra Karflen

•,

Oulu (UleAborg)

,,,Lappi {Lappland) I,,,,,,

\ .. ­.....•. -,,'. \

.oUtU.CULEABORG) ~

•,

MIKKELIHAME (ST. MICHEL)(TAVASTE US)

~~-------

VAASA/{VASA),,

'Keski(Vasa) ",Suomi

: (Mellerst~'. Finl d) \

Vaasa

MAP OF THE COUNTIES OF FINLAND

---------- Now Russian Territory19

---------- Now Russian Territory

I

Karjala "(Kare1en)

II,

I".

".,I

".

I

\\

I

IIII

II,,

,I

I

I

Savo(Savolaks)

Pohjanrnaa(dsterbotten)

Harne(Tavastiand

Satakunta(Satakunda)

MAP OF PROVINCES OF FINLAND

20

COM M0 N FIN N ISH G ENE A LOG I CAL T E R MS

anoppiappiavioliittoaviopuolisoaviotonelaaero(nnut)esivanhemmatetunimihaudattuholhoojaikaisoisaisoaitiisaisantaitsellinenjulistettu kuolleeksijaikeliiinenkastamatonkastettukasvatti(lapsi)kaupunkikihlattukihlauskirkkokirkkoherrakotipaikkakummi(t)

kuntakuolinsyykuolleena syntynytkuollutkuukausikylakasity61ainenlaillinenlapsenlapsilapsetonlapsi, lapsetleskilaanimaasta muuttanutmiesmorsianmakitupalainennaimatonnaimasissanainenomaa sukua (o.s.)paikka(-kunta)

mother-in-lawfather-in-lawmarriagespouseunmarried.to live, livesdivorce(d)ancestorsgiven nameburiedguardianagegrandfathergrandmotherfatherfarmer, landlordtenant farmerdeclared deaddescendantunbaptizedbaplizedfoster childcityengaged. betrothedengagementchurchparish ministerresidencesponsor(s). godmother.godfatherparishcause of deathstillborndeadmonthvillageartisanlegal, legitimategrandchildchildlesschild(ren)widow. widowercountyemigratedman. husbandbride, fianceecottagerunmarriedmarriedwomanmaiden nameplace, locality

21

papintodistusperheperillinenpiikapikkulapsipoikapaiva(na)renki

ristimaaikaristimanimiristittyseurakuntasiirtolainensisarsukusukuselvitys~yntymaaika

syntymapaikkasyntynyttalatalollinentalonpoikatilallinentodistajatodistustorpparituntematontytt6tytarty61ainenty6miesvaimovanhemmatvihittyvirkatodistusveliylka

tammikuuhelmikuumaaliskuuhuhtikuutoukokuukesakuuheinakuuelokuusyyskuulokakuumarraskuujoulukuu

official certificatefamilyheirmaid. unmarried womaninfantboy. sondayfarmhand. unmarriedmanchristening dategiven namechristenedparishemigrantsisterfamilygenealogical reportdate of birthplace of birthbornhousefarmerfarmerfarm ownerwitnesscertificate. evidencecrofter. tenant farmerunknowngirl. daughterdaughterlaborerlaborerwifeparentsmarriedofficial certificatebrotherbridegroom

MONTHS

JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

COM M 0 N S WED ISH G ENE A LOG I CAL T E R MS

antavlaarbetareattestavlidenbackstugusittarebarnbegravdbondebror, broderbrudbrudgumbydagdotterdriing

doddodfodddodsorsakdoptemigrerad(e)fader, farfasterflicknamnfoliofosterbamfoddfodelseortfodelsedatumforfaderforlovningformyndareforsamlingforaldrargammalgiftgArdhemmansbrukarehemorthushustruinhyses

jordbrukarekvinnakyrkakyrkoherdeIanmakamakemanmoder, mor

pedigreeworker, laborercertificatedeceasedcottagerchildburiedfarmerbrotherbridebridegroomvillagedaydaughterfarm hand, unmarriedmandeadstillborncause of deathbaptized. christenedemigratedfatheraunt, father's sistermaiden surnamepagefoster childbornplace of birthdate of birthancestorengagementguardianparish, congregationparentsold. agedmarriedfarmfarmerresidencehousewifelodger employed bythe householdfarmerwomanchurchparish ministercountywifehusbandman, male. husbandmother

22

mostermAgmAnadnamnogiftokandomkringoaktapiga

pojkeskilsmassasockensonspadbarnstadstamfaderstamtavlasyskonsystersvAgersvagerskasvarfarsvarmortorparetrolovadevigdvittneyrkeAlderAraktenskapankaankeman, iinkling

januarifebruarimarsaprilmajjunijuliaugustiseptemberoktobernovemberdecember

aunt, mother's sisterson-in-lawmonthnameunmarriedunknownaboutillegitimatemaid. unmarriedwomanboydivorceparishsoninfantcityprogenitorpedigreebrothers and sisterssisterbrother-in-lawsister-in-lawfather-in-lawmother-in-lawcrofterbetrothed. engagedmarriedwitnessprofessionageyearmarriagewidowwidower

MONTHS

JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

ARC H I V E 5 I

SOC lET I E 5 •LIB R A R I E 5 I GENE A LOG I CAL

AND RES EAR C HER S

THE FINNISH NATIONAL ARCHIVES:

VALTIONARKIS10PL 258SF -00 I 71 Helsinki, Finland

THE PROVINC.IAL ARCHIVES:

TURUN MAAKUNTA-ARKISTOPL 9SF-20111 Turku. Finland

HAMEENLINNAN MAAKUNTA-ARKISTOPL 73SF -1310 I Hameenlinna, Finland

MIKKFLIN MAAKUNTA-ARKISTOPL 2SF-50 IaI Mikkeli. Finland

JOENSUUN MAAKUNTA-ARKISTOPL 146SF-80101 Joensuu. Finland

VAASAN MAAKUNTA-ARKISTOPL 240SF-65101 Vaasa. Finland

JYVASKYLAN MAAKUNTA-ARKISTOPL 25SF-40 1aI Jyvaskyla. Finland

OULUN MAAKUNTA-ARKISTOPL 31SF -90101 Oulu, Finland

ALANDS LANDSARKIVBox 60SF-2210 I Mariehamn, Finland

23

For the county of Turku-Pori

For the counties of Hame and Uusimaa

For the counties of Kuopio. Kyml. andMlkkeli. In 1960. the eastern half of Kuopiocounty was taken to form the new county ofPohjois-Karjala. The records of the dis­continued parishes in Viipuri county (an areanow in the U.S.S.R.) are also kept here.

For the county of Pohjois-Karjala, whichwas created in 1960 from Kuopio county

For the county of Vaasa. In 1960 the eas­tern half of Vaasa county was taken to formthe new county of Keski-Suomi.

For the county of Keski-Suomi. which wascreated in 1960 from the eastern half ofVaasa county together with a few communi­ties from Hame, Mikkeli. and Kuopiocounties

For the counties of Lappi and Oulu

For the county of Ahvenmaa

LIBRARIES AND G.E:NEALOGICAL SOCIETIES:

SUOMEN SUKUTUl KIMUSSEURASnellmaninkatu 9-11SF-00171 Helsinki, Finland

SUOMI COLLEGEHancock, Michigan 49930

The Genealogical Society of Finland

For Finnish language newspapers in the U.S.and some Finnish Lutheran, Methodist, andCongregationalist parish registers in the U.S.

THE GENEALOGICAL LIBRARYof The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints35 North West Temple StreetSalt Lake City, Utah 84150

BRANCH GENEALOGICAL LIBRARIE.SThe Genealogical Library has over 600 Branch Genealogical Libraries all over the world.A list of the Branch Libraries in your area can be obtained by writing to the main libraryin Salt Lake City.

ACCREDITED GENEALOGICAL RESEARCHERS:

An accreditation program sponsored by the Genealogical Library in Salt Lake City, Utahmakes it possible for genealogists to be listed on the Genealogical Library's list of ac­credited genealogists. Each genealogist has to pass a genealogical research test in orderto be placed on the list.

If you need a trained researcher to assist you in your Finnish research it is suggested thatyou contact the Genealogical Library in Salt Lake City, Utah and obtain the list of ac­credited genealogists in Finnish research. Each researcher will charge a fee for his ser­vice.

24

THE GOTHIC ALPHABET

25

RELATIONSHIP CHARTAbbreviations: r.father=lrandfather~ g.g.lather-=great grandfather;

UDC::lII uncle; C~COUlin; cou-couam; neph=nephew; r=.generatioru removed.

I G G FATHER(brothll!'rBl

I G G UNCII" _) (8 I I MPh)

t (brothen) ~aGG FATHER a G G UNC le7r

(5 I I 10ft)II" "rOI !t (brothen)

.. G G FATHER • G G UNC L:6r 2dl.(.f, I I lOa) (04 r I n."h)

! ~t (brat"ra) ~3G G FATHER 3 G G UNC lc5. 2c5. 3d.

13" _I (3 I I nephi

~ ! !t (b.......l ~2GG FATHER 2 G G UNC lc4. 2c4. 3c4. ..,..

(2" _I (2 I I nephI .

t ! ! !t (brvtIMn) ~G G FATHER G G UNC lc3. 2c3. 3c3r <c3. 1c3.

(I I IOlll (" _01 t ! ! ! tt Ibra","..l ~G FATHER G UNC 1<2< 2<2r 3c2< 4c2. k.2r ear

I' -I I' _I

~ ~ ! ! ~ !t !(b_..)FATHER UNCLE lei. 2clr 3d. 4cI. 5<1. lid. 7""~ (10ft) (....howl

l ~ ~ ~ ! t tt ~SELF BRO lCOU 2COU :1COU iCQ(T oem! OCOST 1e Op Y:OIl

~ ~ ~ .\. + ~ t t ~ ~SON NEPHEW lei. 2cl. 3d, 4cI. 5<1, ""I. 7cl. ""I.(father) (waci.)

~ J i ! t t ! !t ~G SON G NEPH lc2r 2cl. 3<2. 4c2r ~2r ""2, 7c2r 8c2r

(I tadter) (I l,Inc)

~ J { ! ! t t ~t .\.G G SON G G NEPH 1<3, 2c3. 3<3, 4<3, 5<3, ""3, 7c:Jr Jc3.

(, I t.ther) (I" J uncI

26

BAS r c REF ERE NeE BOO K S

Major Genealogical Sources in Finland. Research Paper Series 0 no. 4. Salt Lake City:Genealogical Society, 1973.

Posti- ja lenniitinlaitoksen osoitehakemisto. (Post- och telegrafverketsadressforteckning.) Helsinki: Valtion Painatuskeskus. 1968.(Postal guide for Finland. Text in Finnish and Swedish.)

Suuri maatllakirja. (LantgArdar I Finland.) 8 Vols. Helsinki: Kustannustuote Oy. 1963.(Directory of present (1963) farm 'owners. organized by provinces andparishes. Text in Finnish with part of the text in Swedish.)

Bergholm, Axel. Sukukirja. Suomen aatellttomia sukuja. 2 Vols. Helsinki: Otava, 1984(Genealogies of prominent Finnish families. Text in Finnish.)

Brenner, Alf. Sliktforskning. Praktisk handbok fiir Finland. Helsinki: Soderstrom &Co., 1947.(Genealogical guide for Finland. Text in Swedish.)

Carpelan, Tor. ,ll.ttartavlor. 4 Vols and Index. Helsinki: Frenckellska Tryckeri AB,1942.(Pedigrees of families introduced in the House of Nobles of Finland since 1809. Textin Swedish.)

Colliander. Otto Immanuel. Suomen kirkon paimenmuisto. The printed part: Helsinki:Otava, 1918.(Biographies of the clergy of Finland. Text in Finnish.)

Elgenstierna, Gustaf. Den introducerade svenska adelns iittartavlor. 9 Vols.Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & Soners Forlag. 1925-.(Genealogies of Swedish and Finnish nobility. Text in Swedish.)

Huuskonen, Pirkko. Jiiljitii juuresi. Helsinki: Kansanvallstusseuran Kirjeopisto, 1979.(Trace your roots. Text in Finnish.)

Jutikkala, Eino. Suomen talonpojan hlstoria. Porvoo: Soderstrom & Co.• 1942.(History of the Finnish peasant. Text in Finnish.)

Karskela, Sirkka. Sukututkijan tietokirja. [Turku:] Kustantaja Finnroots Inc., 1983.(Textbook on Finnish genealogy. Text in Finnish.)

Kojonen. Eero. ed. Sursillin suku. Helsinki: Weilln & Coos. 1971.(Genealogies of clergy and prominent families. Text in Finnish.)

Kolehmainen. John I. Finns in America. New York: New York Teachers College PI·ess.Columbia University, 1968.

Lewenhaupt, Adam. Karl XII:s officerare. 2 Vols. Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & SonersForlag, 1921.(Officers of Karl XII. Text in Swedish.)

27

Pauninkoski. P. Suomen paikkakuntahakemlsto. Kuopio: Kirjapaino Osakeyhtio Savo.1949.(Listing of parishes, counties. legal and military districts. Text in Finnish.)

Ramsay. Jully. Frlilsesllikter I Finland intill stora ofreden. Helsinki: Soderstrom. 1909.(Noble families in Finland be rare the Great Wrath. Text in Swedish.)

Riisiinen. Oskar. Posti- ja siihkosanomaosoitteiden hakemisto. (Uppslagsbok for post­och telegramadresser.) Helsinki: Valtioneuvoston Kirjapaino, 1930.(Postal guide for Finland. Text in EIpnish and Swedish.)

Ross, Carl and Doby, Velmam. Handbook for Doing Finnish American Family History.Minneapolis: Minnesota Finnish American Family History Project. 1980.

Sampio. Seppo. Sukututklmuksen opas. Helsinki: Otava. 1978.(A guide to genealogy. Text in Finnish.)

Sampio, Seppo. Opi tutkimaan sukusi. Jyviiskyla: Gummerus. 1981.(Learn to research your family. Text in Finnish.)

Siven. Gunnar. Suomalainen sukuhakemisto. (Genealogiskt repertorium for Finland.)Helsinki: Frenckellin Kirjapaino, 1943.(Index to compiled genealogies. Text in Finnish and Swedish.)

Tarmio. Hannu; Papunen. Pentti; and Korpela. Kalevi. Suomenmaa. 7 Vols. Porvoo:Werner Soderstrom Osakeyhtio, 1967.(Comprehensive description of Finnish parishes. Text in Finnish.)

All of these books are available at the Genealogical Library in Salt Lake City. Utah,which does not participate in interlibrary loan. Some. however, are microfilmed and canbe ordered and used at a branch genealogical library. Check with your local public libraryfor these and other possible sources on Finland.

28

Other Resources Finland

Cyndi’s List Finland Links http://www.cyndislist.com/finland.htm Finland National Archives Genealogical Research http://www.narc.fi/Arkistolaitos/eng/gene.htm Swedish Provincial Archives http://www.narc.fi/Arkistolaitos/eng/provincial.htm Finnish Orthodox Church http://www.ort.fi/en/index.php City of Helsinki Archives http://www.hel2.fi/tietokeskus/eng/archiveservices.html House of Nobles http://www.riddarhuset.fi/ National Library of Finland http://www.nationallibrary.fi/ Genealogical Society of Finland www.genealogia.fi/sss/indexe.htm Finland Maphttp://geology.com/world/finland-satellite-image.shtml