Creation of direct current (1)

I. )atWrI ³1> fµBilv:ultaGiuc ³

fµBilKImIv:ultaGiucmYyKWCabnSMénsMPar³eRbIR)as;edIm,IbMElgfamBlKImIeTACafamBlGKÁisnI. fµBilKImI maneGLicRtUtBIreFIVGMBIGgÁFatucMlgcrnþGKÁisnI.)atWrImYyRtUv)anbegáIteLIgenAeBlEdl)øakBIrb¤eRcInRtUv )antP¢ab;¬rUb1>1 a¦ .

]TahrN_d_l¥\tex©aHmYyéneGLicRtUtmYyKUKWs½gásI (Zn)

nigTg;Edg (Cu). s½gásImanGatUmbnÞúkGviC¢man eRcInéRkElgehIyTg;EdgmanGatUmbnÞúkviC¢maneRcInéRkElgEdr.enAeBlEdleKRtaMbnÞHénelahFatuTaMgenHeTA

/tt/file_convert/55c9cf70bb61ebbb558b45ae/document.doc 1

karbegáItcrnþCab;

karbegáItcrnþCab;

eGLicRtUt

b

Tg;Edg

eGLicRtUt

ca

eGLicRtUt

GIuy:ug

rUb 1>1 GMeBIKImIsMxan;;énfµBilv:ult

aGuic

GIuy:ug

s½gásI

eGLicRtUlIt

kñúgeGLicRtUlIt GMeBIKImIrvagelahFatuTaMgBIrk¾cab;epþIm . eGLicRtUts½gásIpþúMbnÞúkGviC¢maneRcInéRkElgcab; taMgBIva rlaybnþicmþg²eTAkñúgeGLicRtUlIt .

GatUmEdlcakecjBIeGLicRtUts½gásImanbnÞúkviC¢man . GatUmTaMgenHRtUv)anRsUbedayGIuy:ugbnÞúkGviC¢man (-) éneGLicRtUlIt ehIybnÞab;mkvaRcanGIuy:ugbnÞúkviC¢man (+) éneGLicRtUlIteq<aHeTAeGLicRtUtTg;Edg ¬rUb1>1b¦ .

enHbNþaleGaymaneGLicRtugRtUvEtpøas;TIBITg;Edg edayTukeGayTg;EdgnUvbnÞúkviC¢maneRcInhYs RbmaN . RbsinebIbnÞúkmYydUcCaGMBUlePøIgRtUv)antP¢ab;qøgkat;cugeGLicRtUt kMlaMgTajKñacUlnigRcanKñaecj nwgbNþal eGaymaneGLicRtugesrIkñúgeGLicRtUts½gásIGviC¢man edaytP¢ab;ExSePøIgeTAnwgRbeqHGMBUlePøIgedIm,I pøas;TIeq<aHeTAeGLicRtUtTg;EdgbnÞúkviC¢man ¬rUb1>1c¦ . plsgb:Utg;EsülEdlCalT§plGnuBaØateGayfµBiledIrtYeFIVCaRbPBéntg;süúgKitCav:ul (V).


eGLicRtUlIRténfµBilmYyGacCavtßúravb¤emSA

· RbsinebIeGLicRtUlItCavtßúrav eKehAfaGaKuyTWk .

·

RbsinebIeGLicRtUlItmanTMrg;CaemSA eKehAfaGaKuys¶Üt. 2> bgÁMúfµBil ³

a). fµBiltCaesrI ³

enAeBlEdlfµBilRtUv)antCaCaesrI ¬rUb 1>2¦tg;süúgsrubénfµBil esµInwgplbUk tg;süúgénfµBilnImYy²


rUb 1>2

1.5V 1.5V 1.5V 1.5V

+ - + -+ -+ -

6V

fµBil 1

fµBil 2

fµBil 3

fµBil 4

+ - + - + - + -

crnþEdlqøgkat;tamfµBilnImYy²mantMélesµIKña BIeRBaHcrnþdUcKñaqøgkat;tam fµBiltCaesrITaMgGs;

b). fµBiltCaExñg ³


V = Vc1 + Vc2 + Vc3 + Vc4

I = Ic1 = Ic2 = Ic3 = Ic4

rUb 1>3

1.5V1.5V1.5V

+

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

fµBil 2

fµBil 1

fµBil 3

+ - + - + -

+

-

1.5V

enAeBlEdlfµBilRtUv)antCaExñg ¬rUb 1>3¦tg;süúgsrub esIµnwgtg;süúgénfµBilnimYy²

rnþsrubesµInwgplbUkcrnþénfµBilnimYy²

enAeBlEdlfµBilRtUv)antCaExñgb:UlviC¢manTaMgGs;RtUv)antP¢ab;CamYyKña ehIyb:UlGviC¢manTaMgGs;k_RtUvtP¢ab;CamYyKñaEdr.tg;süúgecjsrubén)atWrImYyEdl)anmkBIkartfµµBilbICaExñg esIMMµnwg tg;süúgecjrbs;;fµBilmYy¬rUb 1>3¦ b:uEnþcrnþsrubmantMélbIdgéncrnþkñúgfµBilnimYy².

3> fµBil TImYy nig TIBIr ³

fµBilTImYyKWCafµBilTaMgLayEdlminGacbBa©ÚlePøIgmþgeTot)anb¤minGacRtlb;eTArksßanPaBl¥vijbnÞab;BItg;süúgecj rbs; vaFøak;Tab. halfµBilEdleRbIR)as;kñúgEkvqøúH nigviTüúRtg;sIus½ÞrCa]TahrN_énfµBilTI1 .

fµBilTIBIrKWCafµBilTaMgLayEdlGacbBa©ÚlePøIgmþgeTot)an . kñúgeBlbBa©ÚlePøIgmþgeTotsarCatiKiImIEdl pþl;famBlGKÁisnIRtUVv)anRtLb;eTArksßanPaB


V = Vc1 = Vc2 = Vc3

I = Ic1 + Ic2 + Ic3

edImrbs;vavij.karbBa©ÚlePøIgmþgeTotRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedaybBa©Úl crnþCab;tamfµBilmYykñúgTisedAmYy pÞúyBITisedAéncrnþEdlfµBilEckcayeTAeGayesoKIVmYy .

)atWrImYyRtUv)anbBa©ÚlePøIgmþgeTotedayP¢ab;vaeTAnwgRbdab;bBa©ÚlePøIgkñúgb:UldUcKña ¬rUb1>4¦ .

4> karbBa©Úl nig beBa©jePøIg ³ (Charging and discharging)


Battery Charger

rUb 1>4

National12v, 70A

sMNs‘ulpat bþÚreTACa sMNEBGuksIut

Sp

on

ge

Lea

d

Sp

on

ge

Per

ox

ide

Lea

dGasIutcUl eTAkñúgpøakeGLicRtUlItcuHexSa

y

sMNes<at bþÚreTACa sMNs‘ulpat

sMNEBGuksIut bþÚreTACa sMNs‘ulpat

karbeBa©jePøIg

(a)

Sp

on

ge

Lea

d

Sp

on

ge

Per

ox

ide

Lea

dGasIutecj BIpøakeGLic

RtUlIt Rtlb;rTArk kMla

MgedIm

rbs;vavij

sMNs‘ulpat bþÚreTACa sMNes<at

karbBa©ÚlePøIg

(b)

Batteryload Charger

- +

enAeBlEdl)atWrImYykMBugbBa©ÚlePøIg GMeBIKImIbegáIt]sµ½nGIuRdUEsnelIépÞ)aøkmYy nig]sµ½nGuksIuEsnelIépÞ )aøkmYyeTot. ]sµ½nTaMgenHecjBBuHkñúgépÞ)aøk ehIyPayecjtamKMrbrn§xül; . dUecñHTwk (H2O)RtUv)an)at;bg;BI kñúgbnÞb;GaKuyenAeBlEdl]sµ½nPayecj . TwkEdl)an)at;bg;RtUvEtbMeBjeLIgvij edIm,IrkSakMrwteGLicRtUlIt eGay)anRtwmRtUv.

5> RbePT)atWrI ³a. GaKuyTwk ¬GasIut-sMN ¦ ³

GaKuyTwkenAkñúgbnÞb;rbs;vamanFatuGasIut-sMN . bnÞb;nImYy²manBIrRkuménbnÞHsMNmYyKWCab:UlviC¢man nigmYyeTotCab:UlGviC¢man . )aøkviC¢manTaMgGs;RtUv)antP¢ab;CamYyKña ¬rUb 1>6¦ . )aøkGviC¢manTaMgGs;k_RtUv)an tP¢b;CamYyKñaEdr. )aøkviC¢mannig)øakGviC¢manRtUv)andak;cUlKña edayeGay)aøkviC¢mannig)aøkGviC¢manenAqøas;Kña. enAcenøaH)aøkKWCabnÞHGIusULg;ehAfaRbdab;Ejk EdleFIVGMBIeQIEdlGaceGayTwkb¤xül;RCabecjcUl)an eQIman rn§tUc²


rUb 1>5 GMeBIKImIrbs;GaKuyTwk

b¤)aøsÞicmanrn§tUc² . Rbdab;Ejk karBar)aøkviC¢man nig)aøkGviC¢manBIkarb:HKñaeTAvijeTAmk nigkareFIVeGay qøgePøIgEdleFIVeGayxUcdl;)aøkTaMgenaH . )aøkviC¢manRtUv)anlabb¤RClk;tamrebobKImIedIm,IbegáItCasMN EBGuksIut ¬bnSMsMNnigGuksIuEsn¦ ehIyeGLicRtUtGviC¢manCasMNes<atmanrn§tUc² .

)aøkTaMgBIrRkumEdlmanRbdab;EjkenAcenøaHva RtUv)andak;kñúgepIgEdlbMeBj edaysUluysüúgravénGasIuts‘ulpYric nigTwk . BaküfaGaKuyTwksMedAcMeBaH)aøksMN nig GasIuts‘ulpYricEdlCasmasFatusMxan;rbs;va.

tg;süúgkñúg)aøkRbePTenHmaneRcInCag 2V

bnþicbnþÜc. )atWrIeRbIR)as;kñúgrfynþTMenIb


rUbTI

²manR)aMmYybnÞb;Edl tCa esrIedIm,IeGaytg;süúgecjBI)atWrImaneRcInCag 12V bnþicbnþÜc .

b. fµBils½gásI-kae)an ³

enHKWCaRbePTfµBils¶ÜtEdlcas;CageKbMput ehIyeRbIR)as; lk;dUrya:gTUlMTUlaybMputpgEdr . kae)anrag mUlEvgRtUv)andak;enAkNþalfµBilKWCab:UlviC¢man. sMbkxageRkArbs;fµBileFIVGMBIs½gásIEdlCaeGLicRtUt GviC¢man¬rUb 1>7¦. enAcenøaHeGLicRtUtkae)an nig eGLicRtUts½gásIKWCaeGLicRtUlItl,ayemSAKImI . fµBilRtuv)anbiTedaysnÞHedIm,I karBarvtßúravkñúgemSAkMueGayPayecj . tg;süúgénfµBilRbePTenHmanRbEhl 1>5V .

c. fµBilGal;kaLaMg ³

eKehAfµBilGal;kaLaMgTI2dUecñHBIeRBaHvamaneGLicRtUlItGal;kaLaMgmYyEdlmanb:Utas


rUb 1>7

b:UlGviC¢manP¢ab;

eTAnwgsMbks½gá

sI

b:UlviC¢manP¢ab;eTAnwgbegÁalkae)anehIydak;enAcMkNa

þlsmasFatuKI

mI

P¢itedayRkmYnbegÁalkae)an

¬m:g;kaeNsDIGuksIut

emS:Akae)anGMbilGam:Ujak;¦

sMbks½gásI

Rkdas;rMuBIeRkA

üÚmGIuRduksIut. RbePTfµBilmYyEdleGayeQµaHfafµBilGal;kaLaMgmans½gásICaeGLicRtUtGviC¢man nig manm:g;kaENsGuksIutCa eGLicRtUtviC¢manvabegáIttg;süúg)an 1>5V.

fµBilGal;kaLaMgTI1dUcKñaeTAnwgkarsßabnaRbePTfµBilEdlGacbBa©ÚlePøIgmþgeTot)an ehIymantg;süúg dMeNIrkardUcKña ¬rUb 1>8¦ . fµBilenHmanGayukalEvgCagfµBils½gásI-kae)anEdlmanTMhMdUcKña.

d. fµBilkat;mJÚm-nIEkl ³kñúgfµBils¶Ütkat;mJÚm-nIEklTI2

eGLicRtUlItCab:UtasüÚmGIuRduksIut mannIEklGIuRduksIutCaeGLicRtUt GviC¢man nigmankat;mJÚmGuksIutCaeGLicRtUtviC


rUb 1>8

¢man . tg;süúgdMeNIrkarman1>25V . fµBilTaMgenHRtUv)anplit eLIgmaneRcInTMhM edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgfµBilmanragsMEb:t manragdUceLvGav . GaKuykat;mJÚm-nIEkl KWCaGaKuy s¶ÜtEtmYyKt; EdlmanRbtikmµKImIRcas; edayGnuBaØateGaybBa©ÚlePøIg)anCaeRcIndg ¬rUb 1>9¦ vaCa]bkrN_manPaBmaMTaM sMrab;eRbIR)as;kñúgl½kçx½NÐTgÁúkregÁI j½rxøaMg nig sItuNðPaBxçs; . müa:gvijeTot vasmRsb\tex©aHcMeBaH]bkrN_Tak;TgEdlGacyktamxøÜn)an dUcCa viTüúTTYl nig pSay ¬éGkUm rW TUrsB½Þéd¦ CaedIm .

e. fµBil)ar:t ³ fµBil)ar:tmanBIrRbePTxusKñamYyKWfµBilsMEb:tEdlmanragdUceLvGavcMENkÉmYyeTotKWCafµBilEdlmanragCasIuLaMgdUcCafµBilFmµta . GtßRbeyaCn_énfµBilEdlmanragdUceLvGavGacdak;tMrYtKñamYycMnYnkñúgRbGb;


rUb 1>

mYyedIm,IbegáIt)atWrImYy . tY)atWrImYyRtUv)anekIteLIgedayfµBilsMEb:tbI¬rUb1>10¦ fµBilmYyplittg;süúg)an 1>35V . fµBil)ar:t nig)atWrImanGayukalEvg nigmanPaBmaMTaMl¥. eRBaHvabegáIt tg;süúgecjefr kñúgsßanPaB bnÞúkxusKñaeKeRbIR)as;vakñúgplitplxus²KñaCaeRcIn edayrYmman TaMgnaLikaGKÁisnI Rbdab;sþab; Rbdab;eFIVetsþ nigRbB½n§eGaysBaØa (Alarm).

II- lkçN³)atWrI ³er:sIusþg;xagkñúg )atwrImYyKWCaRbPBpþl;crnþCab;¬DC¦mYy

. RKb;RbPBpþl;crnþCab;TaMgGs;enHsuT§Etmaner:sIusþg;xagkñúg(Ri)

kñúgfµBilKImImYyer:sIusþg;éneGLicRtUlItrvag eGLicRtUtBIrCaGñkkMnt;nUver:sIusþg;xagkñúgrbs;fµBilPaKeRcIn ¬rUbTI2>1¦.enAeBlcrnþkñúg)atWrIqøgkat;er:sIusþg;xag kñúg RitP¢ab;CaesrICamYyeKaltg;süúgVB(RrUbTI2>1a).


rUbTI 1>10

enAeBlKµancrnþqøgkat;Tnøak;tg;süúgenAcenøaHeKaler:sIu sþg; RiesñIsUnü dUecñHtg;süúgeBjrbs;VB enAcenøaHeKalecj ¬rUbTI2>1b¦enHKWCatg;süúgkñúgesoKVIcMhrWtg;süúg énesoKVIKµanbnÞúk. RbsinebIer:sIusþg;bnÞúk RL mYyRtUv)antP¢ab enAcenøaHeKalrbs;)atWrIenaH RLtCaesrICamYy er:suIsþg;xagkñúgRi(rUbTI2>1c)enAeBlEdlcrnþ ILqøgkat;kñúgesoKVIenH Tnøak;tg;süúgkñúg enAelIeKal ILRi

eFVIeGaytg;süúgFøak;cuHenAelIeKal VL én)atWrI dUecñH VL = VB – ILRi.

]TahrN_ ³)atWrIs¶ÜtmYymanesoKIVcMhmYy

b¤tg;süúgKµanbnÞúk100V. RbsinebIer:sIusþg;xagkñúgmantMél100 nig er:sIusþg;bnÞúkmantMél600 . cUrrktg;süúgecj VL?

eKdak;RbePT)atWrI 100V BIeRBaH100V

KWCaéntg;süúgesoKIVcMhrbs;vaEdlKµanbnÞú


Ri

(rUb 2.1)

Ri

VB

VB

(rUb 2.1a)

Ri

VL

RL

VB

IL

(rUb 2.1b)

kKWcrnþesµIsUnü . enAeBlEdler:sIusþg;bnÞúkRLRtUv)anbEnßm manesoKIVbiT ehIycrnþbnÞúkRtUv)anKNnatamc,ab;GUm .IL = VB/(Ri + RL)

VB = 100V

Ri = 100

RL = 600

IL = 100V /(100 + 600) = 0,143 A

dUecñH tg;süúgecjrbs;)atWrIKW VL = Vb – IL Ri

= 100 V – 0.143.100=85.7 V

III- RbPBpÁt;pÁg;bMrug (Standby) ³RbPBpÁt;pÁg;bMrugRtUv)aneRbIR)as;edIm

,IbMerIeGayesvakmµkñúgRKaEdlRbPBpÁt;pÁg;emxUc.eTaHbICama:sIunbgVilGal;ETNaT½rFM²k¾eday k¾RtUvbMrugenAeBlmankarcaM)ac;sMrab;eBl mankMhUc RbPBpÁt;pÁg; nigsMrab;beBaäHma:sIun.

tMrUvkarcMbgénRbB½n§EbbenHKW³1. edIm,Ipþl;eGayma:sIunePøIgGacbeBa

äH)an2. pþl;GanuPaBsMrab;karbeBaäHma:sIu

nenAkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnICabnÞan;.3. pþl;ePøIgsBaaØRbkas;GasnñsMrab;eK

cecjBIGaKar.


VL = 85.7 V

VB =100v

Ri 100

RL 600

VL =?

4. pþl;GanuPaBsMrab;kuMBüÚT½r rW RbB½n§eGLicRtUnicepSg²eTot.

5. FananirnþrPaBénkarpÁt;pÁg;karcgcaMéneRKOgeGLicRtUnic eRbICaRbPB pÁt;pÁg;bMrugKWCanic©kal eRbI kñúgRKb;TIkEnøgRbkas;Gasnñ.

IV- karEfTaMGaKuy ³edIm,IeGayGaKuymanGayukal)anyUrGEgVg caM)ac;RtUvEtEfTaMCaRbcaM.

cMnucEdlRtUvRtYtBinitümandUcxageRkam³1. sMGateKalCanic© ehIy

kñúgeBleRbIR)as;RtUvrwteGaytwgedIm,IFanakarP¢ab;nigcMlgcrnþ)anl¥.

2. FanakarP¢ab;eKaleGay)anRtwmRtUvCamYy]bkrN¾P¢ab;.b:Utg;EsüleGLicRtUtén]bkrN¾TaMgBIrKYrEtrwteGaytwgtamlT§PaBEdlGaceFVIeTA)an.

3. RtUvRtYtBinitükMritTwkGasIuteGay)aneTogTat; ehIy rkSavaeGayenARtwmkMrittamtMrUvkar. )øakrbs;vaRtUvEtbiTeGayCitehIyminGnuBaaØteGayvas¶Üt)aneT CaBiesscMeBaHGaKuyTwk )aøks¶Üt eFVIeGayvafycuHcMNuHbrimaNGKÁisnI¬Ah¦.bBaa¢k;


luHRtaEtkMritTwkGasuItenAelI)aøkRbEhl BI3 eTA 4 mIlIøEm:RteTIbRKb;RKan;.bgÁMúGaKuyRbePTxøH)anerobcMeLIgedIm,IbnßybBaað)at;bg;TwkGasuIt. CaBiessqñúkKMrbGaKuyRtUveFVIeGaysIuKñaedIm,IeGayGaKuybeBa©j]sµ½nH2 nig O2EdlekIteLIg. eRBaH]sµ½nTaMgenHPayecjBITwkGasIuteFIVeGayvafycuHkMritTwkGasIut.

4. ya:gNak¾edayGaKuyRtUvEtrkSaTwkGasIuteGays¥atCanic©.

5. GaKuyminRtUvdak;enAkEnøgEdlmansIutuNðPaBx<s; nigkEnøgEdleFVIeGayxUcRTRTayrbs;va)aneT.

6. GaKuyminRtUvbBa©ÚlrWbeBa©jcrnþFMhYsehtu

7. kMriténkarbBa©ÚlrWbeBa©jcrnþRtUveFVItamKMrUEdl)anbBaa©k;.


Creation of direct current (1)

Design

Transcript of Creation of direct current (1)