Creation and Design of Strong & Enduring Non-Biological Muscles

……The One & Only Device, which

achieved a Tremendous Growth Witnessed by the Inventor

P M V SubbaraoProfessor

Mechanical Engineering Department

I I T Delhi

Steam and Gas Turbines:Introduction

An Engineering Domination to Natural Experts

High Torque

An Engineering Domination to Natural Experts

Flying Faster

Steam Turbine Vs Gas Turbine

Better Model ???

An Invention that Made Electricity Very Cheap

• The modern steam turbine was invented in 1884 by the Englishman Sir Charles Parsons.

• The first model was connected to a dynamo that generated 7.5 kW (10 hp) of electricity.

• The invention of Parson's steam turbine made cheap and plentiful electricity possible and revolutionized marine transport and naval warfare.

• His patent was licensed and the turbine scaled-up shortly after by an American, George Westinghouse.

• The Parson's turbine also turned out to be easy to scale up.

A Device Easy to Scale up

• Parsons had the satisfaction of seeing his invention adopted for all major world power stations, and the size of generators had increased from his first 7.5 kW set up to units of 50,000 kW capacity.

• Within Parson's lifetime the generating capacity of a unit was scaled up by about 10,000 times.

• The total output from turbo-generators constructed by his firm C. A. Parsons and Company and by their licensees, for land purposes alone, had exceeded thirty million horse-power.

The Philosophy of Power Generation ….

Develop and Save The Globe….

Growth of Civilization….

A way of Reducing Rate of Entropy Generation on Earth……

Thermodynamic Superiority of Power Generation

The Power Gods

~1760 : James Watt

~1820 : Sadi Carnot

George Brayton & W Rankine ~ 1860

The Sun : The Source

The flow of energy from a source to a sink through an intermediate system orders

that system.

Morowitz [1992]

How A Source Becomes A Resource

WINDS

WIND ENERGY CLOUDS

HYDRO ENERGY

VEGETATION

CHEMICAL ENERGY

OCEAN THERMALENERGY

SOLARRADIATION

THERMAL WAVE

VE

LOC

ITY

RA

INS

CO2 + H2O PHTOSYNTHESIS

SO

LAR

EN

ER

GY

INCOMINGRESOURCE

FOSSIL FUELCOAL

PETROLEUMNATURAL GAS

FO

SS

ILIZ

AT

ION

Fourth Law of Power Generation

Coal (Source)

Land, Water & Air (Sinks)

Power Plant --Cycle Design-- Equipment Design--Equipment Operation