Creating the Constitution. The Weak Articles By mid-1780’s, two schools of thought have emerged…...
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Transcript of Creating the Constitution. The Weak Articles By mid-1780’s, two schools of thought have emerged…...
![Page 1: Creating the Constitution. The Weak Articles By mid-1780’s, two schools of thought have emerged… –Articles are okay… can be slightly revised/amended.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f3a5503460f94c576c4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Creating the Constitution
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The Weak Articles• By mid-1780’s, two
schools of thought have emerged…– Articles are okay… can
be slightly revised/amended.•Afraid that “freedom” and “democratic gains” would be lost with a stronger federal government.
•Supported by Henry, Adams, Clinton
– Articles are not doing the job•Need stronger national government
•More prestige; power•Supported by Jay, Hamilton, Madison
• Congress realizes there is an immediate need for a stronger national government following Shays’ Rebellion
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Starting From Scratch• May 1787 –
Convention is called with the intent to suggest changes to the Articles.– Led by Alexander
Hamilton– Immediately decide
to draw up a new document.•Property holders and wealthy are largest supporting group.–Want strong nation to protect their wealth and other interests.
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Constitutional Convention• Never before or after will
there be as many strong political talents in the same room.– An assembly of “demi-
gods.”•Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Dickinson
– 55 delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island)
• George Washington selected as President of the Convention.– Believe is that if
Washington is there, there will be no undermining the Revolution.
• Convention will meet in secrecy behind closed doors; then release the document.– Who’s not there?
•John Jay, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, Patrick Henry
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Changes to Legislative Branch
• Debate breaks down between large states (NY, VA) and small states (MD, NJ)– New Jersey Plan
•Desire Unicameral Congress–1 state = 1 vote–Much like Articles
– Virginia Plan•Desire Bicameral Congress–Representation should be based on population.
• Almost give up compromising several times.
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Changes to Legislative Branch cont…
• Connecticut Compromise or Great Compromise–Upper House
(Senate) has two representatives from each state.
– Lower House (House of Representatives) has representatives based on population.
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Changes to Executive Branch
• Desired one individual as chief–King?
President?•Electoral College–Did not want
people to have direct vote
– Too much democracy = mob rule
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The Issue of Slavery• Southern states
wanted slaves counted as population.– Not fair to North.– 3/5 Compromise
•Slave counts as 3/5 of a person in terms of population totals.
• Slave Trade Compromise– Foreign slave trade can
be outlawed in 20 years.•Will be abolished in
1808.
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Establishment of Federalism• Federalism
– Power is split between the national and state governments.
• Reserved Powers– Powers explicitly left to states
• Delegated Powers– Powers given to national government
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Ratification• Decision is made
that if 9 of 13 states approve, it should go into effect.
• Anti-Federalists–Against
Constitution• Federalists– For Constitution– Federalist Papers
•Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote series of papers in New York supporting the Constitution.
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Ratification continued….• Every state is supposed
to call a convention to vote for or against.
• Critics of Constitution argue there are no guarantees of personal rights.– Will only support if a
Bill of Rights is added•Jefferson, Mason were very insistent.
• Mid 1788 – Constitution is ratified– All states ultimately
approve• 1791 – Bill of Rights is
added.
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