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Transcript of Creating the Constitution of the United States. Problems with the Articles of Confederation Money...
Creating the Creating the Constitution Constitution of the United of the United
StatesStates
Problems with the Articles of Problems with the Articles of ConfederationConfederation
Money IssuesMoney IssuesLeadership IssuesLeadership IssuesGovernment IssuesGovernment IssuesCooperation IssuesCooperation Issues
Who was there????Who was there????
55 white men55 white men 26-8126-81 ProtestantProtestant EducatedEducated Land and slave Land and slave
ownersowners Government Government
experienceexperience
Who wasn’t Who wasn’t there???there???
Patrick Henry
Thomas Jefferson
John Adams
The PlansThe Plans
1.1. Virginia or Virginia or Large State Large State PlanPlan
2.2.New Jersey or New Jersey or Small State Small State PlanPlan
CompromisesCompromises1.1. Today’s Today’s
Government Government StructureStructure
2.2. SlaverySlavery
3.3. CommerceCommerce
4.4. Bill of RightsBill of Rights
The Virginia or Large State PlanThe Virginia or Large State Plan
3 Branches of 3 Branches of GovernmentGovernment
Single ExecutiveSingle Executive Bi-Cameral Bi-Cameral
LegislatureLegislature Representation Representation
based on Populationbased on Population Judicial appt. by Judicial appt. by
legislaturelegislature
James Madison
New Jersey or Small State PlanNew Jersey or Small State Plan
Plural ExecutivePlural Executive Unicameral Unicameral
LegislatureLegislature Equal Equal
representationrepresentation Judicial chosen by Judicial chosen by
executiveexecutive Judges serve for lifeJudges serve for life
The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise
Developed by Roger Developed by Roger ShermanSherman
Also known as the Also known as the Connecticut PlanConnecticut Plan
Set up the Set up the government structure government structure we have todaywe have today
Our Government Structure in 1787Our Government Structure in 1787
Bicameral legislature (2 house)Bicameral legislature (2 house) House of Representatives = lower houseHouse of Representatives = lower house The # of Reps in the House to be The # of Reps in the House to be
determined by population of a statedetermined by population of a state Senate = 100 members or 2 per stateSenate = 100 members or 2 per state Today we have 435 members of the Today we have 435 members of the
House and 100 SenatorsHouse and 100 Senators
Counting PeopleCounting People
Population used Population used to determine 2 to determine 2 thingsthings
1.1. TaxationTaxation
2.2. RepresentationRepresentationWhat to do with What to do with slaves????slaves????
North wantsNorth wants1.1. Counts slaves Counts slaves
for taxesfor taxes
2.2. Don’t count Don’t count slaves for slaves for representationrepresentation
South wantsSouth wants1.1. Count slaves for Count slaves for
representationrepresentation
2.2. Don’t count Don’t count slaves for slaves for taxationtaxation
The 3/5 CompromiseThe 3/5 Compromise
5 slaves = 3 people for5 slaves = 3 people for
1.1.Taxation Taxation
ANDAND
2. Representation2. Representation
Industry vs. AgricultureIndustry vs. Agriculture
States who made States who made money from industry, money from industry, shipping and shipping and manufacturing wantedmanufacturing wanted
Natl. govt. to control Natl. govt. to control the moneythe money
Natl. govt. to control Natl. govt. to control commercecommerce
States who made States who made money from farming money from farming and exporting wantedand exporting wanted
To ensure the right to To ensure the right to import slavesimport slaves
To ensure their ability To ensure their ability to exportto export
Economic CompromisesEconomic Compromises
Congress controls all commerce – foreign and Congress controls all commerce – foreign and domesticdomestic
Congress has the sole power to coin moneyCongress has the sole power to coin money President has the power to negotiate treatiesPresident has the power to negotiate treaties Slave trade would not be touched for 20 yrsSlave trade would not be touched for 20 yrs Congress could levy import duties, but not Congress could levy import duties, but not
export dutiesexport duties Treaties must be approved by the Senate – 2/3 Treaties must be approved by the Senate – 2/3
votevote
RatificationRatification
Required 9 of 13 colonies to Required 9 of 13 colonies to approve = ¾approve = ¾
Two groups developedTwo groups developed
1.1. FederalistsFederalists Advocated the ratification of the new Advocated the ratification of the new
constitutionconstitution2.2. AntifederalistsAntifederalists
Argued against the new constitution Argued against the new constitution until a Bill of Rights was addeduntil a Bill of Rights was added
The FederalistsThe Federalists
James Madison, Hamilton, & Jay wrote the Federalist Papers.
•Series of letters to the editors in NY and VA
•Argued in favor of the new constitution
Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
John Jay
The AntiFederalistsThe AntiFederalists
James Monroe
George Mason
Sam Adams
•Argued against ratification
•Argued in favor of a Bill of Rights being added to the new constitution
The Final CompromiseThe Final Compromise
Anti-Federalists agreed to ratify Anti-Federalists agreed to ratify the new constitutionthe new constitution
Federalists agreed to ensure the Federalists agreed to ensure the first action taken by the new first action taken by the new Congress would be to create a Congress would be to create a Bill of RightsBill of Rights
New US Government in actionNew US Government in action 1789 = first election Washington and 1789 = first election Washington and
Adams become Pres. and VP – April 30Adams become Pres. and VP – April 30 Congress gets together March 4, 1789 Congress gets together March 4, 1789 Sept. 25, 1789 – James Madison Sept. 25, 1789 – James Madison
introduces 12 amendments - 10 introduces 12 amendments - 10 are ratified on Nov. 21, 1789are ratified on Nov. 21, 1789
North Carolina and Rhode Island North Carolina and Rhode Island ratify May 29, 1790ratify May 29, 1790
7 Basic Principals of Constitution7 Basic Principals of Constitution
1. Popular sovereignty.1. Popular sovereignty. 2. Limited government.2. Limited government. 3. Separation of powers.3. Separation of powers. 4. Federalism.4. Federalism. 5. Checks and balances.5. Checks and balances. 6. Judicial Review.6. Judicial Review. 7. National Supremacy.7. National Supremacy.
7 Articles on Constitution7 Articles on Constitution 1. 1. The LegislatureThe Legislature
CongressCongress Art I Sec. 8 clauses 1-16Art I Sec. 8 clauses 1-16 Art I Sec. 8 Clause 18 – Elastic ClauseArt I Sec. 8 Clause 18 – Elastic Clause
2. The Executive Branch (President)2. The Executive Branch (President) 3. The Judicial Branch (Supreme Court)3. The Judicial Branch (Supreme Court) 4. Relations with States4. Relations with States 5. Amendment Process5. Amendment Process 6. Supremacy Clause (National gov’t stronger)6. Supremacy Clause (National gov’t stronger) 7. Ratification7. Ratification