CREATING DUPLICATE DATABASE

Creation of duplicate database is more of a necessity and should not be viewed as a luxury. If you are in an environment where you have “DEV”, “TEST”, “STAGE” and “PROD” or some combination of these, you may, in all probability, be required to create Duplicate databases on a regular basis. The whole process can also be automated and you don’t thereafter need to lose sleepless nights for Database duplication. Here it is endeavored to be run in more or less “cut and paste” form for clarity of understanding.

Database Version :- 9.2.0.4

Operating System :- Redhat Advanced Server 3.0

Scenario :- There are three servers :-

TARGET Server – The machine where you have the database to be cloned. This machine has IP address as 10.8.169.94. ORACLE_SID=TGT

RMAN Server – The machine, which is running RMAN catalog. The IP address of this machine is 10.8.169.99. ORACLE_SID=RMND

DUPLICATE Server – The machine, which is running RMAN catalog. The IP address of this machine is 10.8.169.96. ORACLE_SID=AUX Following is assumed: -

- All three databases are running in ARCHIVELOG Mode. Though it is necessary only for the TARGET database to be in ARCHIVELOG mode.

- RMAN with CATALOG has been implemented on the RMAN server. - The target database has been registered in the RMAN CATALOG. - The connect string for the target database is TGT- The connect string for the auxiliary database (where duplicate is to be created

is AUX)- The connect string for the RMAN database is RMND- The tnsnames.ora file for all the three servers have been updated and you can

connect to any server from any server using the appropriate connect string

For the purpose of this project it is proposed that the directory structure in all the three databases be identical. It helps to follow the principle of “KISS” (Keep it simple, Stupid!).In our environment, we follow the following nomenclature :-

Under “/” directory (only directories having anything to with oracle have been shown):-

drwxr-xr-x 56 root root 4096 May 14 14:50 etc (has two files “oratab” and “oraInst.loc”)drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 May 6 21:44 home

(has the home for oracle user – “/home/oracle” – Good place for your healthcheck, export, backup scripts)drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 May 6 21:40 opt( has oracle binaries installed as per OFA as follows:-ORACLE_BASE =/opt/oracleORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0 )drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oradba 4096 May 14 14:41 oraarch1(Archives from first member of all the groups is sent here)drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oradba 4096 May 14 14:42 oraarch2(Archives from the second members of all the groups are sent here )drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oradba 4096 May 18 10:06 oraback(has two directories – “Hotback” and “Export” – one for hot backups and the other for all kinds of exports)drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oradba 4096 May 14 14:42 oradata1(The datafiles including system, tools and example are kept here. In case of applications datafiles, the same can be sent to different disks for performance reasons. Therefore, you may have oradata2, oradata3 etc under “/”)drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oradba 4096 May 13 10:13 oraindex1(The datafiles including system, tools and example are kept here. In case of applications datafiles, the same can be sent to different disks for performance reasons. Therefore, you may have oradata2, oradata3 etc under “/”)drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oradba 4096 May 14 14:43 oraredo1(The first members of the redo groups are located here)drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oradba 4096 May 14 14:43 oraredo2(The second members of the redo groups are located here)drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oradba 4096 May 6 14:50 software(The installable of the oracle software can be kept here)drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 4096 May 6 12:16 usr(It has three files under /usr/local/bin :-“oraenv”, “coraenv” and “dbhome”)

Preliminary Steps

On Target Server, run these commands to make its backup directory shared:-

#echo “/oraback 10.8.169.96(rw)” >> /etc/exports

The /etc/exports files is read by nfs deamon and the resources mentioned therein are mounted with the stated options.

#/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs stop#/etc/rc.d/init.d/portmap stop#/etc/rc.d/init.d/portmap start#/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start

On Duplicate Server, run these commands as “root” user to mount the backed up files:-

#/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs stop#/etc/rc.d/init.d/portmap stop#/etc/rc.d/init.d/portmap start#/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start

#mount 10.8.169.94:/oraback /oraback

Check whether the resource has mounted

# mount#su – oraclecd /chmod –R 755 /oraback

$cd /oraback/Hotback$ls –altotal 1116388drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oradba 4096 May 19 14:25 .drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 May 12 14:46 ..-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 2097152 May 19 14:25 c-342784712-200405-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 212478464 May 19 14:15 TGTf_10fm5na1_1-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 209715200 May 19 14:15 TGTf_11fm5na1_1-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 83073536 May 19 14:15 TGTf_12fm5na1_1_-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 2185728 May 19 14:15 TGTf_13fm5nbh_1_-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 586088448 May 19 14:19 TGTf_14fm5nd4_1-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 15769600 May 19 14:25 TGTf_15fm5nd4_1_-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 27869184 May 19 14:25 TGTf_16fm5nd4_1_-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 643072 May 19 14:25 TGTf_17fm5nuf_1_-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oradba 2056192 May 19 14:25 snapcf_V92321.f

This command should show you the same resource as on the /oraback of TARGET server.

The oracle initialization parameters need to be changed. The mandatory init.ora parameters in TARGET database:-

$ vi /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/initTGT.oradb_name=AUXdb_files = 80 db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8 db_block_buffers = 100 db_block_size = 8192shared_pool_size = 3500000 log_checkpoint_interval = 10000processes = 50 parallel_max_servers = 5 log_buffer = 32768 max_dump_file_size = 10240 global_names = TRUEcontrol_files = (/oradata1/ora_control1, /oradata1/ora_control2)compatible = 9.2.0.0undo_management=AUTOremote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE

Ensure that the DB_BLOCK_SIZE parameter should be same and undo_management set to “AUTO” in both the databases.

On the AUX server, modify the init.ora file as follows:-

$ vi /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/initAUX.oradb_name=AUXdb_files = 80 db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8 db_block_buffers = 100 db_block_size = 8192shared_pool_size = 3500000 log_checkpoint_interval = 10000

processes = 50 parallel_max_servers = 5 log_buffer = 32768 max_dump_file_size = 10240 global_names = TRUEcontrol_files = (/oradata1/ora_control1, /oradata1/ora_control2)compatible = 9.2.0.0undo_management=AUTOremote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE

Duplicate Database Creation

Run the following commands on target database only.

Sqlplus “/as sysdba”SQL>Alter system switch logfile;Exit

$rman target / catalog rman/rman@RMND2 auxiliary sys/<pwd>@AUX

RMAN>run {allocate channel C1 device type disk;allocate channel C2 device type disk;allocate channel C3 device type disk;backup format '/oraback/%df_%U' database plus archivelog delete input;}

After you have taken the backup, your /oraback/Hotback directory will look something like this:-

$ cd /oraback/Hotback$ ls -altotal 1116388drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oradba 4096 May 19 14:25 .drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 May 12 14:46 ..-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 2097152 May 19 14:25 c-342784712-200405-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 212478464 May 19 14:15 TGTf_10fm5na1_1-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 209715200 May 19 14:15 TGTf_11fm5na1_1-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 83073536 May 19 14:15 TGTf_12fm5na1_1_-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 2185728 May 19 14:15 TGTf_13fm5nbh_1_-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 586088448 May 19 14:19 TGTf_14fm5nd4_1-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 15769600 May 19 14:25 TGTf_15fm5nd4_1_-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 27869184 May 19 14:25 TGTf_16fm5nd4_1_-rw-r----- 1 oracle oradba 643072 May 19 14:25 TGTf_17fm5nuf_1_-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oradba 2056192 May 19 14:25 snapcf_V92321.f

To create Duplicate database, run this command immediately after you have taken the backup. It is better to put this command in a script and call the script:-

$vi DuplicateDB.sql

run{SET UNTIL TIME "to_date('2004/05/19 14:25:00','YYYY/MM/DD HH24:MI:SS')";SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/oraindex1/TGT_idx01.dbf' TO '/oraindex1/AUX/TGT_idx01.dbf';SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/oradata1/TGT_data01.dbf' TO '/oradata1/AUX/TGT_data01.dbf';SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/TGT/xdb01.dbf' TO '/oradata1/AUX/xdb01.dbf';SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/TGT/users01.dbf' TO '/oradata1/AUX/users01.dbf';SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/TGT/tools01.dbf' TO '/oradata1/AUX/tools01.dbf';SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/TGT/odm01.dbf' TO '/oradata1/AUX/odm01.dbf';SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/TGT/indx01.dbf' TO '/oraindex1/AUX/indx01.dbf';SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/TGT/example01.dbf' TO '/oradata1/AUX/example01.dbf';SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/TGT/drsys01.dbf' TO '/oradata1/AUX/drsys01.dbf';

SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/TGT/cwmlite01.dbf' TO '/oradata1/AUX/cwmlite01.dbf';SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/TGT/undotbs01.dbf' TO '/oradata1/AUX/undotbs01.dbf';SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/TGT/system01.dbf' TO '/oradata1/AUX/system01.dbf';DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO AUXLOGFILEGROUP 1 ('/oradata1/redo01a.log','/oradata1/redo01b.log') size 10M reuse,GROUP 2 ('/oradata1/redo02a.log','/oradata1/redo02b.log') size 10M reuse;}

Now call the script to create the duplicate database.

$rman target / catalog rman/rman@RMND2 auxiliary sys/<pwd>@AUX RMAN>@/home/oracle/DuplicateDB.sql

The Process

For the purpose of understanding, it should be noted that following steps will happen during this command :-

- Allocation of channels- Restoration of files from their present location to the new location on the

duplicate database- Creation of controlfile- Switching of the datafiles’ names- Recovery of datafiles- Deletion of input logs- Opening the database with “RESETLOGS” option

The output should roughly look like this :-

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 19-MAY-04

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_2using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_3channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restorechannel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup setrestoring datafile 00001 to /oradata1/AUX/system01.dbfrestoring datafile 00002 to /oradata1/AUX/undotbs01.dbfrestoring datafile 00005 to /oradata1/AUX/example01.dbfrestoring datafile 00009 to /oradata1/AUX/users01.dbfchannel ORA_AUX_DISK_2: starting datafile backupset restorechannel ORA_AUX_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00004 to /oradata1/AUX/drsys01.dbfrestoring datafile 00008 to /oradata1/AUX/tools01.dbfrestoring datafile 00010 to /oradata1/AUX/xdb01.dbfrestoring datafile 00011 to /oradata1/AUX/TGT_data01.dbfchannel ORA_AUX_DISK_3: starting datafile backupset restorechannel ORA_AUX_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup setrestoring datafile 00003 to /oradata1/AUX/cwmlite01.dbfrestoring datafile 00006 to /oraindex1/AUX/indx01.dbfrestoring datafile 00007 to /oradata1/AUX/odm01.dbfrestoring datafile 00012 to /oraindex1/AUX/TGT_idx01.dbfchannel ORA_AUX_DISK_2: restored backup piece 1piece handle=/oraback/TGTf_16fm5nd4_1_1 tag=TAG20040519T141603 params=NULLchannel ORA_AUX_DISK_2: restore completechannel ORA_AUX_DISK_3: restored backup piece 1piece handle=/oraback/TGTf_15fm5nd4_1_1 tag=TAG20040519T141603 params=NULLchannel ORA_AUX_DISK_3: restore completechannel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1piece handle=/oraback/TGTf_14fm5nd4_1_1 tag=TAG20040519T141603 params=NULLchannel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore completeFinished restore at 19-MAY-04sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "AUX" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG MAXLOGFILES 50 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXDATAFILES 100 MAXINSTANCES 1 MAXLOGHISTORY 226 LOGFILE GROUP 1 ( '/oradata1/redo01a.log', '/oradata1/redo01b.log' ) SIZE 10485760 REUSE, GROUP 2 ( '/oradata1/redo02a.log', '/oradata1/redo02b.log' ) SIZE 10485760 REUSE DATAFILE '/oradata1/AUX/system01.dbf' CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1

printing stored script: Memory Script{ switch clone datafile all;}executing script: Memory Script

datafile 12 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=1 stamp=526575097 filename=/oraindex1/AUX/TGT_idx01.dbfdatafile 11 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=2 stamp=526575097 filename=/oradata1/AUX/TGT_data01.dbfdatafile 10 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=3 stamp=526575097 filename=/oradata1/AUX/xdb01.dbfdatafile 9 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=4 stamp=526575097 filename=/oradata1/AUX/users01.dbfdatafile 8 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=5 stamp=526575097 filename=/oradata1/AUX/tools01.dbfdatafile 7 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=6 stamp=526575097 filename=/oradata1/AUX/odm01.dbfdatafile 6 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=7 stamp=526575097 filename=/oraindex1/AUX/indx01.dbfdatafile 5 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=8 stamp=526575097 filename=/oradata1/AUX/example01.dbfdatafile 4 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=9 stamp=526575097 filename=/oradata1/AUX/drsys01.dbfdatafile 3 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=10 stamp=526575098 filename=/oradata1/AUX/cwmlite01.dbfdatafile 2 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=11 stamp=526575098 filename=/oradata1/AUX/undotbs01.dbf

printing stored script: Memory Script{ set until time "to_date('2004/05/19 14:25:00','YYYY/MM/DD HH24:MI:SS')"; recover clone database delete archivelog ;}

executing script: Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 19-MAY-04using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_2using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_3

starting media recovery

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destinationchannel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archive logarchive log thread=1 sequence=25channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1piece handle=/oraback/TGTf_17fm5nuf_1_1 tag=TAG20040519T142519 params=NULLchannel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore completearchive log filename=/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/arch1_25.dbf thread=1 sequence=25channel clone_default: deleting archive log(s)archive log filename=/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/arch1_25.dbf recid=1 stamp=526575099media recovery completeFinished recover at 19-MAY-04

printing stored script: Memory Script{ shutdown clone; startup clone nomount ;}executing script: Memory Script

database dismountedOracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 43357204 bytes

Fixed Size 451604 bytesVariable Size 41943040 bytesDatabase Buffers 819200 bytesRedo Buffers 143360 bytessql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "AUX" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG MAXLOGFILES 50 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXDATAFILES 100 MAXINSTANCES 1 MAXLOGHISTORY 226 LOGFILE GROUP 1 ( '/oradata1/redo01a.log', '/oradata1/redo01b.log' ) SIZE 10485760 REUSE, GROUP 2 ( '/oradata1/redo02a.log', '/oradata1/redo02b.log' ) SIZE 10485760 REUSE DATAFILE '/oradata1/AUX/system01.dbf' CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1

printing stored script: Memory Script{ catalog clone datafilecopy "/oradata1/AUX/undotbs01.dbf"; catalog clone datafilecopy "/oradata1/AUX/cwmlite01.dbf"; catalog clone datafilecopy "/oradata1/AUX/drsys01.dbf"; catalog clone datafilecopy "/oradata1/AUX/example01.dbf"; catalog clone datafilecopy "/oraindex1/AUX/indx01.dbf"; catalog clone datafilecopy "/oradata1/AUX/odm01.dbf"; catalog clone datafilecopy "/oradata1/AUX/tools01.dbf"; catalog clone datafilecopy "/oradata1/AUX/users01.dbf"; catalog clone datafilecopy "/oradata1/AUX/xdb01.dbf"; catalog clone datafilecopy "/oradata1/AUX/TGT_data01.dbf"; catalog clone datafilecopy "/oraindex1/AUX/TGT_idx01.dbf"; switch clone datafile all;

}executing script: Memory Script

cataloged datafile copydatafile copy filename=/oradata1/AUX/undotbs01.dbf recid=1 stamp=526575891

cataloged datafile copydatafile copy filename=/oradata1/AUX/cwmlite01.dbf recid=2 stamp=526575891

cataloged datafile copydatafile copy filename=/oradata1/AUX/drsys01.dbf recid=3 stamp=526575891

cataloged datafile copydatafile copy filename=/oradata1/AUX/example01.dbf recid=4 stamp=526575892

cataloged datafile copydatafile copy filename=/oraindex1/AUX/indx01.dbf recid=5 stamp=526575892

cataloged datafile copydatafile copy filename=/oradata1/AUX/odm01.dbf recid=6 stamp=526575892

cataloged datafile copydatafile copy filename=/oradata1/AUX/tools01.dbf recid=7 stamp=526575892

cataloged datafile copydatafile copy filename=/oradata1/AUX/users01.dbf recid=8 stamp=526575892

cataloged datafile copydatafile copy filename=/oradata1/AUX/xdb01.dbf recid=9 stamp=526575892

cataloged datafile copydatafile copy filename=/oradata1/AUX/TGT_data01.dbf recid=10 stamp=526575892

cataloged datafile copydatafile copy filename=/oraindex1/AUX/TGT_idx01.dbf recid=11 stamp=526575892

datafile 12 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=11 stamp=526575892 filename=/oraindex1/AUX/TGT_idx01.dbfdatafile 11 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=10 stamp=526575892 filename=/oradata1/AUX/TGT_data01.dbfdatafile 10 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=9 stamp=526575892 filename=/oradata1/AUX/xdb01.dbfdatafile 9 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=8 stamp=526575892 filename=/oradata1/AUX/users01.dbfdatafile 8 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=7 stamp=526575892 filename=/oradata1/AUX/tools01.dbfdatafile 7 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=6 stamp=526575892 filename=/oradata1/AUX/odm01.dbfdatafile 6 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=5 stamp=526575892 filename=/oraindex1/AUX/indx01.dbfdatafile 5 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=4 stamp=526575892 filename=/oradata1/AUX/example01.dbfdatafile 4 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=3 stamp=526575891 filename=/oradata1/AUX/drsys01.dbfdatafile 3 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=2 stamp=526575891 filename=/oradata1/AUX/cwmlite01.dbfdatafile 2 switched to datafile copyinput datafilecopy recid=1 stamp=526575891 filename=/oradata1/AUX/undotbs01.dbf

printing stored script: Memory Script{ Alter clone database open resetlogs;}executing script: Memory Script

database openedFinished Duplicate Db at 19-MAY-04

RMAN> **end-of-file**