Creating an Empire, 1865-1917
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Creating an Empire, 1865-1917
• The USS Maine, sunk in Havana, 1898
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Opening Moves
• Monroe Doctrine
• Guano Islands Act (1856)
• France and Mexico
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Seward’s Folly
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Seward’s Ambitions
• Alaska: $7.2 million
• Midway
• Failures:– Caribbean– Canada– Greenland– Panama Canal Zone
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Further Steps
• Samoa (1878)
• James G. Blaine– First International American Conference (1889)– Pan American Union
• Naval Growth
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Motives for Imperialism
• Social Darwinism -- John Fiske
• Strategic Concerns--Alfred Thayer Mahan
• Macho Idiocy--Theodore Roosevelt
• Altruism
• Missionairies
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Economic Reasons
• The US needs new markets to grow
• 1844--China
• 1854--Japan
• 1865-1900: Exports up by 900%
• Depression of the 1890s
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Hawaii
• 1875: Free Trade and Sugar
• 1887: Pearl Harbor
• 1890: End of Sugar Tariff
• 1891: New Queen
• 1893: Sugar Interest American Coup
• Cleveland
• 1898
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Venezuela
• Venezuela-British Guiana Boundary Dispute
• 1895--Sec. Of State Richard Olney
• 1897--Arbitration
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Spanish American War
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Spanish American War: Lead-Up
• Cuba and Civil War
• Yellow Journalism
• US Neutrality
• 1897 Arbitration offer
• The Maine Explodes (Feb 15, 1898)
• Response
• Teller Amendment
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Spanish-American War
• Manila Bay -- May 1, 1898
• Recruitment
• Invasion
• July 1-3
• Treaty of Paris
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The Phillipines
• Mark Twain
• Phillipine Revolt (1899-1913)
• Phillipine Self-Government
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Caribbean Aftermath
• Puerto Rico– Insular Cases
• Cuba– Platt Amendment
• Protectorate
– 1906-1917: 3 Interventions
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China, Japan, Russia
• The Open Door
• The Russo-Japanese War (1905)– Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)
• Trouble with Japan
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Walk Softly and Carry a Big Stick
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Roosevelt and Panama
• Canal Plans
• Purchase Fails
• The Coup
• Construction: 1904-14
• End of Yellow Feaver
• Roosevelt Corollary (1904)
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Dollar Diplomacy
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Dollar Diplomacy
• Lodge Corollary
• China
• Caribbean– Nicaragua– Haiti– Dominican Republic
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Porfirio Diaz (1876-1911)
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Mexico and Civil War
• Porfirio Diaz (1876-1910)
• President Francisco Madero (1911-3)
• US Intervention (Henry Cabot Lodge and Victoriano Huerta)
• Veracruz
• Pancho Villa
• Black Jack Pershing’s Raid--1916
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• “I can never be anything else but an American, and I must think of the United States first, and when I think of the United States first in an arrangement like this I am thinking of what is best for the world, for if the United States fails, the best hopes of mankind fail with it.” -- Henry Cabot Lodge