CRASH TEST REPORT FOR PERIMETER BARRIERS …counterterror.rsaprotect.com/pdf/bollard_K4.pdf ·...

CRASH TEST REPORT FOR

PERIMETER BARRIERS AND GATES

TESTED TO SD-STD-02.01, REVISION A, MARCH 2003

Anti-Ram Bollards

Prepared for:

RSA Protective Technologies, LLC 1573 Mimosa Court Upland, CA 91784

Test Report No. TR-P25039-02-NC

KARCO Engineering, LLC AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH CENTER

9270 Holly Road Adelanto, CA 92301 Tel: (760) 246-1672 Fax: (760) 246-8112

April 4, 2005

TR-P25039-02-NC

KARCO Engineering compiled this publication for information gathering only. The opinions,

findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily

those of any other organization. KARCO Engineering provides test services only and is not involved

in consulting, product design or the manufacturing of any automotive products. KARCO does not

warrant, supervise or monitor compliance of products or services except as specifically agreed to in

writing. By their very nature, testing, analysis and other KARCO services are limited in scope and

subject to expected measurement variability. No activity by KARCO Engineering can release a

manufacturer from product or any other liability.

Tested By: Mr. Matthew A. Ivory, Project Manager Reviewed By: Mr. Michael L. Dunlap, Quality Assurance Approved By: Mr. Frank D. Richardson, Program Manager Approval Date: ______

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

1 Introduction 1 2 Test Procedure and Instrumentation Summary 2 3 Test Results and Data Sheets 5

Table Page1 Test Designations 2

Data Sheet Page1 Test Vehicle Information 6 2 Test Vehicle Geometry 7 3 Evaluation of Test Results 8 4 Vehicle Accelerometer Data Summary 9 5 Camera Views and Film Speeds 10

Appendix PageA Photographs A B Data Plots B C Instrumentation List C D Manufacturers Drawings D

TR-P25039-02-NC i

TR-P25039-02-NC ii

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Figure Page

1 Test Article as Received A-1 2 Right Front View at Test Article` A-1 3 Anti-Ram Bollard 5 inch Footing A-2 4 Bollard 10 inch Diameter and 1 inch Wall Thickness A-2 5 Bollard Foundation Module Front View and Re-bar A-3 6 Bollard Foundation Module Rear View A-3 7 Excavation A-4 8 Embedment Depth A-4 9 Test Article Positioned in Place A-5

10 Test Article During Installation A-5 11 Test Article During Installation A-6 12 Test Article During Installation A-6 13 Test Article Left Side View A-7 14 Test Article Left Front ¾ View A-7 15 Test Article Front View A-8 16 Test Set-Up A-8 17 Test Set-Up A-9 18 Test Set-Up A-9 19 Test Set-Up A-10 20 Test Set-Up A-10 21 Test Set-Up A-11 22 Test Set-Up A-11 23 Test Article Orientation to Front Bumper A-12 24 Test Article Orientation to Front Bumper A-12 25 Test Set-Up A-13 26 Ballast A-13 27 Post-Test Left Side View A-14 28 Post-Test Left Side view Close-Up A-14 29 Post-Test Front View A-15 30 Post-Test Overhead View A-15 31 Post-Test Test Article Front View A-16 32 Post-Test Test Article Left Side View A-16 33 Post-Test Test Article Left Side View A-17 34 Center Bollard Deflection A-17 35 Ballast A-18 36 Action Sequence 1 A-18 37 Action Sequence 2 A-19 38 Action Sequence 3 A-19 39 Action Sequence 4 A-20

TR-P25039-02-NC iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS...(CONTINUED) LIST OF DATA PLOTS

Plots PageB-1 Vehicle Rear Frame Rail X B-1

Vehicle Rear Frame Rail Y B-1 Vehicle Rear Frame Rail Z B-1 Vehicle Rear Frame Rail Resultant B-1

B-2 Vehicle Rear Frame Rail X Velocity B-2 Vehicle Rear Frame Rail X Displacement B-2

Table INSTRUMENTATION LIST PageC-1 Instrument Data Channel Assignments C-1

Figure MANUFACTURERS DRAWINGS Page1 Manufacturers Test Article Layout Drawing D-1

1 TR-P25039-02-NC

SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECTIVES

The primary objective of this crash test was to determine if the tested vehicle impact-rated

barrier meets the minimum performance standards of the United States Department of State

Specification for Vehicle Crash Testing of Perimeter Barriers and Gates (SD-STD-02.01, Revision

A). This report presents the results of the performance and evaluation of one (1) full-scale crash test

conducted on an RSA Anti-Ram Bollard system with 5 inch footings (ID=K8B5F5T).

All tests were conducted in accordance with current SD-STD-02.01, Revision A,

requirements for test designation K4. Procedures for receiving, inspecting, installation, testing and

reporting of test results are described in the test procedure and are not repeated in this report. The

purpose of this test was to evaluate the crash performance of the Anti-Ram Bollards.

1.2 TEST FACILITY

All tests were conducted at KARCO Engineering’s crash test facility in Adelanto, California.

The tow road is constructed of reinforced concrete, presents a continuous level surface, and

measures 850 feet in length. The width of the tow road is twelve feet with a thickness of six inches.

A steel rail is embedded in the approach surface to provide vehicle guidance. Vehicle tow propulsion

is provided by a 1 ton truck using a 2-to-1 pulley system coupled to a fixed prime mover (an internal

combustion engine, Chevrolet V-8, 454 cubic inches displacement, with T-400 automatic

transmission) and continuous cable drive system. The test vehicle is towed to within two feet of the

barricade by a nylon rope clamped to a 3/8-inch steel cable. The clamp is released from the cable

on contact with a cable release mechanism positioned to allow the test vehicle to proceed under its

own momentum for the final two feet of travel before impacting the test array.

1.3 TEST ARTICLE

Unit consists of 5, 40 inch high, 10 inch diameter Anti-Ram Bollards. The bollards

have a 1 inch wall thickness and are filled with concrete during installation. Bollards are

equally spaced at a distance of 4 foot 6 inches center to center. The system has a 5 inch

footing that is installed 1.5 inches below the level concrete surface.

2 TR-P25039-02-NC

SECTION 2

TEST PROCEDURE AND INSTRUMENTATION SUMMARY

2.1 TEST PROCEDURE

To meet the recommended properties of SD-STD-02.01-Rev A. impact requirements, a

commercially available production model test vehicle was selected. This test was conducted using a

1987 International S1900, medium duty truck with conventional cab, front mounted diesel engine,

rear wheel drive and an automatic transmission. The vehicle was in good condition, was free of

major body damage, and was not missing any structural components. The bumpers were standard

equipment and were not modified for this test. The materials, assembly instructions and physical configuration of the test article are specified

in the manufacturer’s documentation and are not repeated in this test report. Installation of the test

article was conducted by the manufacturer. The test article, as installed at the test facility, is illustrated

in Appendix A.

2.2 IMPACT CONDITIONS

As recommended in SD-STD-02.01-Rev A test specification, the following full-scale crash test

was conducted to evaluate the impact performance of the Anti-Ram Bollards. The primary intent of this

test is to evaluate the ability of the bollards to arrest a 15,000 pound vehicle from penetrating or vaulting

into a secured area and the extent, if any, of barrier deformation 2.2.1 Test Mass. The specific mass (gross weight) of the test vehicle as specified in the standard is

15,000 pounds (lb.) ±200 lb. The test weight, with instrumentation and ballast, was 15,142 lb.

2.2.2 Speed. Vehicle speed at impact with the test article shall be dependent on the condition

designation as outline in Table 1. For this test designated as K4, the velocity at impact was 32.28 mph. Table 1. Test Designations

IMPACT SPEED (mph) CONDITION DESIGNATION

MINIMUM NOMINAL MAXIMUM

K4 28.0 30.0 37.9

K8 38.0 40.0 46.9

K12 47.0 50.0 56.9

3 TR-P25039-02-NC

2.2.3 Approach Angle and Impact Point. The test vehicle is oriented such that it approaches the

test article at a critical impact angle of ninety degrees (90° ±3º), relative to the roadway, with the

centerline of the vehicle impacting the test article at the impact point designated by the DOS Technical

Representative. The actual center of the impact point must be within ± 1 foot (ft.) of the target. The

impact point designated for this test was the middle of the test article. The actual point of impact was

perpendicular to and within 2 inches of the target.

2.3 TEST INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA ACQUISITION PROCEDURES

All testing and data acquisition for this RSA Anti-Ram Bollard system with 5 inch footings

(ID=K8B5F5T) certification test was performed in accordance with the SD-STD-02.01-Revision A test

specification requirements. Appendix C contains a list of the instrumentation used in the performance of

this test.

2.3.1 On-Board Data Acquisition. MDAS is an acronym for Miniature Data Acquisition System.

The system is comprised of a 3-channel module. The module functions as a stand-alone, all-in-one

unit with integral tri-axial accelerometer, computer control, signal conditioning, A/D circuitry, memory

storage and battery pack. All functions are controlled by an off-board notebook or other PC

compatible computer. Once the off-board computer initializes the system, it is designed to collect

data with no off-board support.

2.3.2 Test Vehicle Instrumentation. Located near the vehicle rear frame rail, the test vehicle was

instrumented with a tri-axial accelerometer to measure longitudinal (x), lateral (y) and vertical (z)

acceleration. Data was recorded using the on-board MDAS three (3) channel module. Data was linked

to a personal computer and processed using the MDAS crash test software. All equipment used in this

test meets the requirements of SAE J211.

2.3.3 TDAS Software. The software utilized in this system is written in National Instruments

LabWindows/CVI (C, Visual Interface) programming language, which is a Windows based (3.1 or

Windows 95) software package with emphasis on ease of use and good engineering test practices.

2.3.4 SAE Compatibility. The software contains standard point and click processing options for

selecting Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) class post filters and calculating the required

integrals, resultants, Head Injury Criteria (HIC), clips, and other data processing parameters that

may be required.

4 TR-P25039-02-NC

2.3.5 Photographic Documentation. Photographic documentation of this test included three (3) real-

time video cameras and (4) high-speed color digital video cameras at 1000 fps set up for an overhead

view, a driver side view perpendicular to the point of impact a driver side view with a pre-determined

angle to the point of impact and a frontal view. All high-speed cameras were activated by a pressure

sensitive tape switch, which was positioned on the test article to indicate the instant of contact (time

zero). A digital still camera was used for documenting the pre- and post-test condition of the test

vehicles and Anti Ram Bollards.

2.3.6 Test Article Instrumentation. None

5 TR-P25039-02-NC

SECTION 3

TEST RESULTS AND DATA SHEETS

3.1 TEST DESIGNATION K8

This thirty miles per hour (32.28 mph) frontal impact crash test was conducted using a

commercially available 1987 International S1900, medium duty truck to determine if the tested

vehicle impact-rated bollards meet the minimum performance standards of SD-STD-02.01-Rev. A.

The primary intent of this test was to evaluate the ability of the barrier to arrest a 15,000-pound vehicle

from penetrating or vaulting into a secured area and the extent, if any, of bollard deformation. This was

accomplished by measuring the vehicle penetration at the specified level of kinetic energy.

The test article was positioned at an angle of ninety degrees (90°) to the direction of travel of the

impacting test vehicle, with the vehicle’s centerline impacting the middle section of the bollard system.

The vehicle was instrumented with a tri-axial accelerometer at the rear frame rail. This crash test

was documented by three (3) real-time video cameras, and four (4) high-speed digital color cameras.

Photographs of the test vehicle and the anti ram bollards are shown in Appendix A.

3.2 PRIMARY TEST RESULTS

Test K4 was conducted on April 4, 2005. The test inertial weight of the vehicle was 15,142 lb.

Test vehicle information is presented in Data Sheet No. 1 and Data Sheet No. 2. The test vehicle

impacted the center of the barrier gate at a velocity of 32.28 mph. The evaluation of the anti ram

bollard performance is presented in data Sheet No. 3. The vehicle was completely arrested by the

barrier system. Pre- and Post-test photographs of the impact vehicle as well as of the bollards are

shown Appendix A. Data plots of the event are presented in appendix B. The vehicle sustained

severe damage to the entire cab.

6 TR-P25039-02-NC

DATA SHEET NO. 1

TEST VEHICLE INFORMATION

Test Vehicle: 15,000 Ib. Truck Test No.: P25039-02 Test Program: RSA Bollards with 5 in. Footing Test Date: 4/4/05

TEST VEHICLE INFORMATION

DATA FROM CERTIFICATION LABEL

DATA FROM TIRE PLACARDMeasured Parameter Front Rear

VEHICLE WEIGHTSAs Received (lbs) As Tested (lbs)

Front Rear Total Front Rear TotalLeft 3220 2550 5770 4178 7844

Right 3272 2690 5962 4070 7298Totals 6492 5240 11732 8248 15142Ratio(%) 55% 45% 100% 54% 100%

6894

46%

Manufactured By Navistar International Transportation Corp.

36663228

Date of Manufacture May-87

Max. Tire Pressure (psi)

Make

ModelBody StyleVINColor

Odometer ReadingTransmissionFinal Drive

International

S1900Truck

1HTLOMJP4HH518679White

170179ManualRear

6

UnknownLongitudinal

Diesel2

NoNoNo

Cylinders

Engine Displ. (L)Engine PlacementFuel TypeNo. of Axles

Disc Brakes, FrontDisc Brakes, RearAnti-lock Brakes

UnknownUnknownUnknown

GVWR (lbs)GAWR Front (lbs)GAWR Rear (lbs)

Cold Pressure (psi)Recommend Tire SizeActual Tire Size on VehicleActual Tire Manufacturer

Unknown Unknown

UnknownUnknown

Unknown Unknown

Unknown UnknownUnknownUnknown

7 TR-P25039-02-NC

DATA SHEET NO. 2

TEST VEHICLE GEOMETRY


TEST VEHICLE GEOMETRY (mm)

A 780 D 3503 G 650 K 2250

B 500 E 2927 I 590 L 2050

C 800 F 1878 J 1050 N 1830

8 TR-P25039-02-NC

DATA SHEET NO. 3

EVALUATION OF TEST RESULTS


CRASH TEST ASSESSMENT PASS FAIL Penetration of the Front Edge of the Cargo Bed Limited to One Meter Beyond the Pre-Impact, Inside Edge of the Barrier.

x Comments: Vehicle was completely arrested by the bollard system.

DATA SHEET NO. 4 - VEHICLE ACCELEROMETER DATA SUMMARY

Test Vehicle: 15,000 lb Truck Project No.: P25039-02

Test Program: RSA Bollards with 5 in. Footing Test Date: 4/4/05

VEHICLE ACCELEROMETER PEAK DATAVehicle

Location Axis Units Max Time Min TimeVehicle Rear Frame Rail X X G's 19.4 43.4 -33.5 54.6Vehicle Rear Frame Rail Y Y G's 37.1 65.4 -35.3 73.2Vehicle Rear Frame Rail Z Z G's 27.6 99.2 -21.9 93.1Vehicle Rear Frame Res. N/A G's 41.5 72.9

9 TR-P25039-02-NC

DATA SHEET NO. 5

CAMERA VIEWS & FILM SPEEDS


Location (mm)

X Y Z

1 Real Time (Panning) 10288 -20422 -2438 -4 N/A N/A 30

2 Real Time (Driver's Side) -305 -20422 -2438 -4 N/A N/A 30

3 Real Time (Left Front 3/4 18288 -3658 -914 0 N/A N/A 30

4 High Speed Digital Color (Driver's Side) 0 -12802 -914 0 N/A 50 mm 1000

5 High Speed Digital Color (Overhead) -152 152 -5791 -90 N/A 24 mm 1000

6 High Speed Digital Color (Left Front 3/4) -14935 -14935 -1524 -10 N/A 85 mm 1000

7 High Speed Digital Color (Front) -57912 0 -2438 -10 N/A 17-102 1000

All camera measurements were made relative to the point of impact.

Camera View Angle (Deg.)

Film Plane to

Head

Lens (mm)

Speed (fps)No.

TR-P25039-02-NC 10

A TR-P25039-02-NC

APPENDIX A

PHOTOGRAPHS

FIGURE 1. Test Article as Received

FIGURE 2. Right Front View at Test Article

TR-P25039-02-NC A-1

FIGURE 3. Anti-Ram Bollard 5 Inch Footing

FIGURE 4. Bollard 10 Inch Diameter and 1 inch Wall Thickness

TR-P25039-02-NC A-2

FIGURE 5. Bollard Foundation Module Front View and Re-bar

FIGURE 6. Bollard Foundation Module Rear View

TR-P25039-02-NC A-3

FIGURE 7. Excavation

FIGURE 8. Embedment Depth

TR-P25039-02-NC A-4

FIGURE 9. Test Article Positioned in Place

FIGURE 10. Test Article During Installation

TR-P25039-02-NC A-5



TR-P25039-02-NC A-6

FIGURE 13. Test Article Left Side View

FIGURE 14. Test Article Left Front ¾ View

TR-P25039-02-NC A-7

FIGURE 15. Test Article Front View

FIGURE 16. Test Set-Up

TR-P25039-02-NC A-8



TR-P25039-02-NC A-9



TR-P25039-02-NC A-10



TR-P25039-02-NC A-11

FIGURE 23. Test Article Orientation to Front Bumper

FIGURE 24. Test Article Orientation to Front Bumper

TR-P25039-02-NC A-12


FIGURE 26. Ballast

TR-P25039-02-NC A-13

FIGURE 27. Post-Test Left Side View

FIGURE 28. Post-Test Left Side View Close-Up

TR-P25039-02-NC A-14

FIGURE 29. Post-Test Front View

FIGURE 30. Post-Test Overhead View

TR-P25039-02-NC A-15

FIGURE 31. Post-Test Test Article Front View

FIGURE 32. Post-Test Test Article Left Side View

TR-P25039-02-NC A-16

FIGURE 33. Post-Test Test Article Left Side View

FIGURE 34. Center Bollard Deflection

TR-P25039-02-NC A-17

FIGURE 35. Ballast

FIGURE 36. Action Sequence 1

TR-P25039-02-NC A-18



TR-P25039-02-NC A-19


TR-P25039-02-NC A-20

B TR-P25039-02-NC

APPENDIX B

DATA PLOTS

Test Vehicle: 15,000 lb Truck Test Date: 4/4/05

Test Program: RSA Bollards with 5 in. Footing Project No.: P25039-02

Curve Description

Vehicle Rear Frame Rail X

CURNO Type SAE Class Units

001 FIL 60 G's

Max Time Min Time

19.4 43.4 -33.5 54.6

Time - Milliseconds

Curve Description

Vehicle Rear Frame Rail Y


002 FIL 60 G's

Max Time Min Time

37.1 65.4 -35.3 73.2

Time - Milliseconds

Curve Description

Vehicle Rear Frame Rail Z


003 FIL 60 G's

Max Time Min Time

27.6 99.2 -21.9 93.1

Time - Milliseconds

Curve Description

Vehicle Rear Frame Rail Resultant


001 RES 60 G's

Max Time Min Time

41.5 72.9 0.2 459.1

Time - Milliseconds

B-1

G's

G's

TR-P25039-02-NC

G's

G's

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500

-40

-20

0

20

40

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Test Vehicle: 15,000 lb Truck Test Date: 4/4/05

Test Program: RSA Bollards with 5 in. Footing Project No.: P25039-02

Curve Description

Vehicle Rear Frame Rail X Velocity


001 IN1 180 MPH

Max Time Min Time

32.3 2.5 -1.4 438.8

Time - Milliseconds

Curve Description

Vehicle Rear Frame Rail X Displacement


001 IN2 180 Inches

Max Time Min Time

61.5 245.6 0.0 0.0

Time - Milliseconds

B-2 TR-P25039-02-NC

MP

HIn

che

s

-10

0

10

20

30

40

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500

-50

-25

0

25

50

75

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500

APPENDIX C

INSTRUMENTATION LIST

C TR-P25039-02-NC

RSA Bollards with 5 in. FootingInstrumentation Data Channel Assignments

4/4/05 15,000 lb Truck

CH. LOCATION AXIS IDENT. NO. DESCRIPTION MFR MODEL UNITS

1 Rear Frame Rail X MDASX Accel., Vehicle block I.C.Sensor 3031-100 G

2 Rear Frame Rail Y MDASY Accel., Vehicle block I.C. Sensor 3031-100 G

3 Rear Frame Rail Z MDASZ Accel., Vehicle block I.C. Sensor 3031-100 G

TR

-P25039-02-N

CC

-1

D TR-P25039-02-NC

APPENDIX D

MANUFACTURERS DRAWINGS

CRASH TEST REPORT FOR PERIMETER BARRIERS …counterterror.rsaprotect.com/pdf/bollard_K4.pdf ·...

Documents

Transcript of CRASH TEST REPORT FOR PERIMETER BARRIERS …counterterror.rsaprotect.com/pdf/bollard_K4.pdf ·...