Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the...

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Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun

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Transcript of Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the...

Page 1: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Cranial Nerves 101

The Nerves are Fun

Page 2: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops ...

• Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds.

• No,no,no. Not yrotcaflo, citpo, rotomoluco ...

• Say them starting with the hypoglossal?

Page 3: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Describe the brainstem exit, cranial exit and

general functions of cranial nerves

1 - 6.

Page 4: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Where are the olfactory receptors? What is the difference, if any between the olfactory nerve

and the olfactory tract?

Page 5: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Olfactory Nerve (SVA), Bulb and Tract

• Olfactory Epithelium

• Nerve and Cribiform Plate

• Olfactory Bulb

• Olfactory Tract to Piriform Cortex and Amygdala

Page 6: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Optic System 101

• Retina

• Optic Nerve (SSA), Chiasm, Tract

• Thalamus (Lateral

Geniculate Nucleus) and Visual Cortex

• Superior Colliculus

Page 7: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

3,4 and 6

• Oculomotor (GSE and GVE)– The Main Mover– Parasympathetic Too

• Trochlear (GSE)– In and Down (If in, then down)– Two odd things– Trochlea of the Skull

• Abducens (GSE)– All in a name

Page 8: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Eyeball Kinesiology• Adduction -- Abduction

• Elevation -- Depression

• Torsion, Rotation(Medial and Lateral)

Page 9: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Torsional Movements

Page 10: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

LR6SO4

• Lateral Rectus 6– Abducts

• Superior Oblique 4– Depresses and adducts

• All Others 3– Superior and Inferior

Rectus and Inferior Oblique

– “All” except abduction

Page 11: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Oculomotor Parasympathetic• Parasympathetic

– Pre- and Postganglionic Fibers

– Ciliary Ganglia (Motor)

• Pupillary Reflex– 2+3=Constriction– Consensual Response

• Accomodation Reflex

Page 12: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Describe the brainstem exit, cranial exit and

general functions of cranial nerves

7-12.

Page 13: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

In addition to moving the face, what else does the facial nerve do? Where would a lesion have

to be to involve all of the functions of the facial nerve?

Page 14: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

The Full Facial• SVE

– Muscles of Facial Expression

• SVA– Taste Anterior 2/3 Tongue– Geniculate Ganglia (Sensory) and

Solitary Nucleus

• GVE=Parasympathetic– Superior Salivatory Nuc– Sphenopalatine Ganglia

• Lacrimal Gland

– Submandibular Ganglia• Lingual and Submandibular Glands

• GSA?

Page 15: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Describe the Anatomy of the Motor Part of the Facial Nerve. Describe the effects of an LMN lesion and an UMN lesion that

affects this nerve.

Page 16: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Upper and Lower Face Muscles• LMN Damage

– Upper and Lower Ipsilateral Face Paralysis

• UMN Damage– Only Lower

Contralateral Face Paralysis

Page 17: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

The Labyrinth - Vestibule, Semicircular Canals, and Cochlea

Vestibule

Semicircular Canals

Cochlea

Page 18: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Primary Afferent Fibers

• Hair Cell Receptors

• Cochlear Duct– Spiral Ganglia– Cochlear Nuclei– Damage = Ipsilateral Deafness

• Ampulla and Utricle (and Saccule)– Scarpa’s Ganglia– Vestibular Nuclei– Damage = Ipsilateral Imbalance

Hair Cells

Nucleus

Ganglia

Page 19: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Vagus Nerve• Exit

– Post Olivary Sulcus– Jugular Foramen

• Functional Components– Lower Motor Neuron _____________– Parasympathetic _____________– Visceral Sensory _____________– Taste _____________– Touch and Pain _____________

Speech and Swallowing

Thorax and Abdomen

ANS Reflexes and Larynx Sensation

Uvula and Epiglottis

External Auditory Meatus

Page 20: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Glossopharyngeal Nerve• Exit

– Post Olivary Sulcus– Jugular Foramen

• Functional Components– Lower Motor Neuron _____________– Parasympathetic _____________– Visceral Sensory _____________– Taste _____________– Touch and Pain _____________

“Swallowing”

Salivation - Parotid Gland

ANS Reflexes and Pharynx Sensation

Posterior 1/3 Tongue

External Ear

Page 21: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

The Gag Reflex

• Sensory Part– Glossopharyngeal

• Motor Part– Vagus

• And Uvula Deviation

?

cn9cn10

Page 22: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Explain the different effects of UMN and LMN lesions of the hypoglossal nerve on tongue

protrusion.

Page 23: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Damage to Cranial Nerve 12

• Damage to the Lower Motor Neuron– Damage to Nerve or Nucleus– Tongue Deviate Toward the Lesion

• Damage to the Upper Motor Neurons– Damage to Corticobulbar Fibers– Tongue Deviates Away from the Lesion

Page 24: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Hypoglossal Lower Motor Neuron Damage

• Tongue Deviates Toward the Lesion– Damage to the Nucleus– Damage to the Nerve

– Deviates to the Weak Side

Page 25: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Hypoglossal Upper Motor Neuron Damage

• Tongue Deviates Away from the Lesion

• Damage to Axons from the Cerebral Cortex– Motor Cortex (Lateral)– Internal Capsule– Corticobulbar Fibers

• Contralateral Termination

Page 26: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

Upper Motor NeuronLesion

• The Contralateral Tongue cannot Push!

• Deviates to the Weak Side

Page 27: Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun. On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops... Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. No,no,no.

The Grand Finale

• The Case• Faculty Evaluation• Golden Neuron Quiz• Your Questions Please• Office Hours

– 12 - 2 Th and Friday– Email for Appointment next week– Email questions


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