Craig jamieson-icraf-mangrove palms- a-lost-key2 feedingsoutheastasia
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Transcript of Craig jamieson-icraf-mangrove palms- a-lost-key2 feedingsoutheastasia
• Efficiency benefits of tree-‐based systems – ‘Evergreen’ • Photosynthesis can be all-‐year-‐round
– Water and nutrient use efficiency • Greater depth of root zone
– Light intercepLon efficiency • Greater height of canopy for light harvesLng
– Synergies with annual crop producLon • ‘Agroforestry’
Increasing Efficiency of Food ProducLon 1
What’s the idea? • Palm trees tapped for their sap (10-‐20% sugar)
• Very efficient converters of solar energy to sugar
• Ancient technique, pracLced for centuries
• 1500’s -‐ Magellan • 100 years ago -‐ cheapest source of alcohol in the world
• Today -‐ its sap is sLll used in the Philippines for making wine, syrup, sugar, vinegar etc
History of use in the Philippines
Poten'al Ethanol produc'on (litres/ha)
0
2000
4000
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Wheat Corn Sugar Beet Sugar Cane Nipa
Palm Sugar as Livestock Feed
• 30% of arable land in the Philippines is under maize for animal feed – esp pigs and chickens
• PotenLal to develop nipa instead, as feed to uLlise forests and free arable land for food crops
Maize Mangrove Palm
• Pigs and ducks can take diet based on sugary sap
• Ruminants -‐ as part of diet, to boost energy in lower cost feeds
• Low input • Suitable for smallholders
• Climate-‐smart Pigs feeding on sugar cane juice. Source: T.R.Preston
Proven Technology… 17-‐21 Sept, 1770, Captain James Cook arrived in Savu, Indonesia, and recorded use of palm sugar: – “I have already observed, that it is given with the husks of rice to the hogs, and that they grow enormously fat without taking any other food: we were told also, that this syrup is used to fahen their dogs and their fowls…” Voyages, by Captain James Cook
…Research Needs for 21st Century
• Technologies to reduce the (labour) cost of tapping
• Methods of stabilizing the sap to avoid fermentaLon
• Demonstrate nipa culLvaLon, especially in an agroforestry system
• IdenLfy a suitable protein source for co-‐feeding to livestock
Further Reading • Bogdanski, A; Dubois, O; Jamieson, C; &
Krell, R. (2010). Making Integrated Food / Energy Systems Work for People and Climate. FAO, Rome. www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2044e/i2044e.pdf
• Dalibard, C. (1997) The PotenLal of Tapping
Palm Trees for Animal ProducLon, In Livestock Feed Resources Within Integrated Farming Systems. FAO, Rome.
• Rasco, E. (2012). Nipa: A Gio to Humankind
from the Age of the Dinosaurs. NAST, Taguig.