Craig jamieson-icraf-mangrove palms- a-lost-key2 feedingsoutheastasia

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Mangrove Palms: A Lost Key to Feeding Southeast Asia? Craig Jamieson

Transcript of Craig jamieson-icraf-mangrove palms- a-lost-key2 feedingsoutheastasia

Mangrove  Palms:  A  Lost  Key  to  Feeding  Southeast  Asia?  

Craig  Jamieson  

Source:  washingtonpost.com  

•  Efficiency  benefits  of  tree-­‐based  systems  –  ‘Evergreen’  •  Photosynthesis  can  be  all-­‐year-­‐round  

– Water  and  nutrient  use  efficiency  •  Greater  depth  of  root  zone  

– Light  intercepLon  efficiency  •  Greater  height  of  canopy  for  light  harvesLng  

– Synergies  with  annual  crop  producLon  •  ‘Agroforestry’  

Increasing  Efficiency  of  Food  ProducLon  1  

Increasing  Efficiency  of  Food  ProducLon  2  

Starch,  oils  etc  as  food  or  feed  

Other  biomass  

What’s  the  idea?  •  Palm  trees  tapped  for  their  sap  (10-­‐20%  sugar)  

•  Very  efficient  converters  of  solar  energy  to  sugar  

•  Ancient  technique,  pracLced  for  centuries  

•  1500’s  -­‐  Magellan  •  100  years  ago  -­‐  cheapest  source  of  alcohol  in  the  world  

•  Today  -­‐  its  sap  is  sLll  used  in  the  Philippines  for  making  wine,  syrup,  sugar,  vinegar  etc  

History  of  use  in  the  Philippines  

Mangrove  Palms  (Nypa  fru4cans)  

Poten'al  Ethanol  produc'on  (litres/ha)  

0  

2000  

4000  

6000  

8000  

10000  

12000  

Wheat   Corn   Sugar  Beet   Sugar  Cane   Nipa  

Palm  Sugar  as  Livestock  Feed  

•  30%  of  arable  land  in  the  Philippines  is  under  maize  for  animal  feed  –  esp  pigs  and  chickens  

•  PotenLal  to  develop  nipa  instead,  as  feed  to  uLlise  forests  and  free  arable  land  for  food  crops  

Maize      Mangrove  Palm  

•  Pigs  and  ducks  can  take  diet  based  on  sugary  sap  

•  Ruminants  -­‐  as  part  of  diet,  to  boost  energy  in  lower  cost  feeds  

•  Low  input  •  Suitable  for  smallholders  

•  Climate-­‐smart  Pigs  feeding  on  sugar  cane  juice.  Source:  T.R.Preston  

Proven  Technology…  17-­‐21  Sept,  1770,  Captain  James  Cook  arrived  in  Savu,  Indonesia,  and  recorded  use  of  palm  sugar:  –  “I  have  already  observed,  that  it  is  given  with  the  husks  of  rice  to  the  hogs,  and  that  they  grow  enormously  fat  without  taking  any  other  food:  we  were  told  also,  that  this  syrup  is  used  to  fahen  their  dogs  and  their  fowls…”  Voyages,  by  Captain  James  Cook  

…Research  Needs  for  21st  Century  

•  Technologies  to  reduce  the  (labour)  cost  of  tapping  

•  Methods  of  stabilizing  the  sap  to  avoid  fermentaLon  

•  Demonstrate  nipa  culLvaLon,  especially  in  an  agroforestry  system  

•  IdenLfy  a  suitable  protein  source  for  co-­‐feeding  to  livestock  

Further  Reading  •  Bogdanski,  A;  Dubois,  O;  Jamieson,  C;  &  

Krell,  R.    (2010).  Making  Integrated  Food  /  Energy  Systems  Work  for  People  and  Climate.  FAO,  Rome.  www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2044e/i2044e.pdf  

 •  Dalibard,  C.  (1997)  The  PotenLal  of  Tapping  

Palm  Trees  for  Animal  ProducLon,  In  Livestock  Feed  Resources  Within  Integrated  Farming  Systems.  FAO,  Rome.  

 •  Rasco,  E.  (2012).  Nipa:  A  Gio  to  Humankind  

from  the  Age  of  the  Dinosaurs.  NAST,  Taguig.