Cr Pc Project

8/17/2019 Cr Pc Project

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NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY ODISHA

LAW OF REMISSION

Criminal Procedure Code

Semester -IV

Submitted By- Submitted to

-Aman Raj Singh (14/BA/008 !untirani Padhan

Anandita "i#hra (14/BA/00$ (A##t% Pro&e##or o& 'a

Anubha) Pandey (14/BBA/00$

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

*ntroduction%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%+

Statutory Pro)i#ion# o& Remi##ion%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%+

Re#earch "ethodology%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%,

y.e# o& remi##ion%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

*% C2**A' R3"*SS*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

**% C2**A' R3"*SS*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5

Study o& Con#e6uence# o& Remi##ion%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8

7iolation o& Condition o& Remi##ion - A# a S.eci&ic &&ence%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$

Rea#oning behind granting .ardon%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%10

ature o& Remi##ion%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%11

*% Remi##ion i# di&&erent &rom #u#.en#ion%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1

**% Remi##ion i# the .oer o& the e9ecuti)e%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1

*nter.retation o& remi##ion%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1

*% PA!*SA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1

**% *32 !*:2"%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1

***% BA:'A23S;%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15

*7% *32 SA3S < A"3R*CA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15

7% *2*A%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%18

eed &or judicial inter)ention%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1$

*m.ortant Ca#e la#%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Conclu#ion%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Bibliogra.hy%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5

'i#t o& Ca#e#%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5

'i#t o& Article#%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5

'i#t o& Boo=#%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5

INTRODUCTION


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>'a o& remi##ion re&er# to &orgi)ene## or condolence o& an o&&ence or injury% he act by

hich a &or&eiture or .uni#hment i# &orgi)en% *t i# reduction o& one?# .uni#hment #entence%


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According to #ection 4++@ the remi##ion under thi# #ection doe# not inter&ere ith the

con)iction order o& the court hich ha# decided the judgmentG it ju#t inter&ere# ith the

e9ecution o& the #entence o& the court% A remi##ion o& the #entence doe# not mean ac6uittal

and the .ri#oner here ha# all the right# to a..eal in &ront o& the #tanding :o)ernment to clear him#el& o& the #tigma o& the con)iction by the .re)iou# court order%

he e&&ect o& an order o& remi##ion i# to entitle the .ri#oner to hi# &reedom on a certain date%

here&ore@ once that date arri)e#@ he i# entitled to be relea#ed and in the eye# o& the la@ he i#

a &ree man% he .oer under Article 5 and ll o& the Con#titution i# ab#olute and cannot be

&ettered by any #tatutory .ro)i#ion# #uch a# Section# 4+@ 4++ and 4++A o& the Criminal

Procedure Code% hi# .oer cannot be altered@ modi&ied or inter&ered ithin any manner

hat#oe)er by any #tatutory .ro)i#ion# or Pri#on Rule#%

7iolation o& condition o& remi##ion i# a #.eci&ic o&&ence% Section 5 o& the *ndian Penal

Code deal# ith )iolation o& the condition# o& remi##ion and .uni#hment a##ociated ith it

thereon% *n order to ma=e out an o&&ence under thi# #ection it mu#t be .ro)ed not only that the

accu#ed a# granted a conditional remi##ion o& .uni#hment@ that he acce.ted the condition#

o& the remi##ion@ and that he )iolated any o& tho#e condition# hich he acce.ted@ but al#o that

he did #o =noingly% *& the condition# are clear and unambiguou# and i& he )iolate# any o&

them@ he may be con#idered to ha)e done #o =noingly% But i& the condition# are )ague or

ambiguou#@ the 6ue#tion hether the accu#ed )iolated them =noingly ould be a matter

o& in&erence &rom the nature o& the condition#@ the #tatu# o& the accu#ed and the circum#tance#o& the )iolation%H

E%P% Rai@ 39erci#e o& Pardoning Poer# in *ndia 3merging Challenge#@ he 3; Eournal@ 7ol% I**@ o% Euly F 2ecember@ 014@ .% 1-% See http//%nehu%ac%in/Eournal#/EournalJEulJ2ec14JArt1%.d&

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R ESEARCH METHODOLO$Y

SCOPE%

>he .roject #ho# di&&erent ty.e# o& remi##ion# in *ndia@ the objecti)e behind granting

remi##ion# and the .#ychology o& judge# granting remi##ion in Criminology% *t i# a #en#iti)e

to.ic to re#earch on a# in the modern time#@ criminal# go through media trial# e)en be&ore

actual trial ta=e# .lace and #entence# and remi##ion# go through a #trict .ublic #crutiny e)ery

#ingle time@ through thi# .roject@ e ha)e .ut in e&&ort to ju#ti&y the age old .ractice o&

remi##ion in *ndia% he re#earch i# con&ined to *ndia and e ha)e u#ed both .rimary and

#econdary re#ource#%RESEARCH OB&ECTIVE

he objecti)e o& our re#earch i# to #tudy the rationale behind remi##ion and ju#ti&y the grant

o& remi##ion through ca#e la#%

RESEARCH 'UESTIONS

1% Khat i# remi##ion and hat are it# ty.e#L

% Khat i# the im.ortance o& remi##ion in *ndian #cenarioL

+% Should grant o& nconditional remi##ion be remo)edL

4% Khy doe# remi##ion become nece##ary in #ome ca#e#L

,% Khat i# the )ie o& the Su.reme Court on remi##ionL

TENTATIVE CHAPTALI(ATION

1% *ntroduction

% !ind# o& remi##ion

+% Study o& =ind# and their nece##ity in certain ca#e#

4% Rea#oning behind granting .ardon

,% *nter.retation o& remi##ion

% *m.ortant Ca#e la#

5% Conclu#ionH

TYPES OF REMISSION

>he Code o& Criminal Procedure@ 1$5+ grant# to ty.e# o& remi##ion F conditional and

unconditional% he #ame ha)e been di#cu##ed at length a# &ollo#

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I) CONDITIONAL REMISSION

Conditional Remi##ion re&er# to rule# the accu#ed mu#t &ollo in order to remain out o&

.ri#on@ hich i# 6uite #imilar to hen one i# on .arole% he#e are mo#t o&ten treatment &or

drug or alcohol abu#e@ cur&e#@ and community #er)ice% &&ender# ho breach their

condition# or re-o&&end mu#t com.lete their #entence in .ri#on% o recei)e a conditionalremi##ion@ the #entencing judge mu#t be #ati#&ied that the o&&ender doe# not .o#e a danger to

the community% hi# .ermit# le## #eriou# o&&ender# to remain in their communitie# or at

home% he large#t .ercentage# o& conditional #entence# are &or .ro.erty crime% By la@ a

conditional #entence mu#t be le## than to year# in durationG they ha)e an a)erage length o&

eight month#@ and the o&&ence that the o&&ender a# con)icted o& cannot be .uni#hable by a

minimum #entence o& im.ri#onment% *& an indi)idual ho#e #entence ha# been remitted on

the ba#i# o& condition# ith the con#ent o& the acting :o)ernment not &ul&illed@ then the

a..ro.riate :o)ernment may cancel the remi##ion and the .er#on in ho#e &a)or the

#entence a# earlier remitted may be arre#ted by any .olice authority ith or ithout arrant

and remanded to undergo hi#/her remaining #entence in the .ri#on% he &olloing ground#@)iD% age@ #e9@ mental de&iciency@ gra)e or #udden .ro)ocation@ ab#ence o& moti)e and

.remeditationG there are other ground# hich are al#o ta=en into con#ideration i%e% inade6uacy

o& e)idence@ long delay# in in)e#tigation and trial@ &i9ation o& re#.on#ibility in Mgang

murder#?@ di&&erence o& o.inion in a to-Eudge bench@ nece##itating re&erence to a third Eudge

o& the ;igh Court etc% A.art &rom the#e@ the ca#e i# con#idered@ e9amined and di#.o#ed o& on

it# on merit#%+

he guideline# .ro)ide the &olloing general ground# hen clemency i# ju#ti&ied on #.ecial

con#ideration

1% Per#onality o& the accu#ed (#uch a# age@ #e9 or mental de&iciency or thecircum#tance# o& the ca#e (#uch a# .ro)ocation or other #imilar ju#ti&ication

% Ca#e# in hich the A..ellate court ha# e9.re##ed it# doubt a# to the reliability o& the

e)idence and ha# ne)erthele## decided on con)iction

+% Ca#e# here it i# alleged that &re#h e)idence i# obtainable mainly ith a )ie to

#eeing hether &re#h en6uiry i# ju#ti&ied

4% Khere the ;igh Court ha# re)er#ed on a..eal an ac6uittal by the Se##ion Eudge or ha#

on a..eal enhanced the #entence

,% 2i&&erence o& o.inion# in a bench o& to judge# nece##ity re&erence to a third judge o& the ;igh Court

% Con#ideration o& e)idence in &i9ation o& re#.on#ibility in gang murder ca#e#% 'ong

delay# in in)e#tigation and trial etc%4

+ Paul ; Robin#on@ Fundamentals of Criminal Law (nd edn@ 'ittle Bron and Com.any

1$$, ,,%


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II) UNCONDITIONAL REMISSION

nconditional Remi##ion re&er# to the remi##ion here there are no con#ideration# to &ul&ill

by the accu#ed and hi#/her remi##ion cannot be re)o=ed on tho#e ground#% ;ere@ the

a..ro.riate go)ernment can remit the #entence o& any accu#ed ithout any con#ideration# on

hi# .art to &ul&ill%H

4 Eohn :ardner@ Offences and Defense Selected Essays in the Philosophy of Criminal Law

(9&ord ni)er#ity Pre## 005 5 in AP Sime#ter@ MKrong# and Rea#on#?N00$O 5(4 he

"odern ' Re) 48%

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STUDY OF CONSE'UENCES OF R EMISSION

>he e&&ect o& #entence a# a matter o& con&u#ion &or a certain .eriod% *t ha# been #et at re#t

by the Su.reme Court in Sarathchandra )% !hagendranath% he a..ellant Sarathchandra a#

con)icted &or three year# rigorou# im.ri#onment% he #entence a# later remitted to a .eriod

le##er than to year# ;e &iled a nomination .a.er to an election to legi#lati)e council% *t a#

rejected on the ground that he a# di#6uali&ied under Section 5(b, o& the Re.re#entation o&

Peo.le Act 1$,1% he .eriod o& remi##ion granted to him a# not con#idered by the returning

o&&icer to ta=e #uch a deci#ion% he a..ellant contended that in )ie o& the remi##ion hi#

#entence in e&&ect a# reduced to a .eriod o& le## than to year# and there&ore he could not be

#aid to ha)e incurred di#6uali&ication contem.lated in the Act% 2i#mi##ing the a..eal Eu#tice

Kanchoo held

!""" the effect of an order of remission is to wipe out that part of the sentence of imprisonment

which has not #een ser$ed out and thus in practice to reduce the sentence to the period

already under%one& in law the order of remission merely means that the rest of the sentence

need not under%o& lea$in% the order of con$iction #y the court and the sentence passed #y it

untouched!"

3)en though the a..ellant a# relea#ed &rom jail be&ore he had #er)ed the &ull #entence o&

three year# im.ri#onment he had actually #er)ed only about #i9teen month# im.ri#onment@ it

did not in any ay a&&ect the order o& con)iction and #entence .a##ed by the court the

#entence remained a# it a#% he deci#ion in Rabha# ca#e i# a clear de)iation &rom 7en=ategh

a#ant 2e#.ande )% 3m.eror% *n thi# ca#e Bo#e@ E% ha# ob#er)ed5

!'he effect of an order of remission is to wipe out the remitted portion of the sentence

alto%ether and not merely to suspend its operation suspension is separately pro$ided for (n

fact& in the case of a pardon in En%land statutory and other dis)ualification followin% upon

con$iction are remo$ed and the pardoned man is ena#led to maintain an action a%ainst any

person who afterwards defames him with respect of the offence for which he was con$icted"

, *ndian Penal Code@ 180

A*R 1$881 SC 0

5 1$1 A*R ++4

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'hat may not apply in full here #ut the effect of an order of remission is certainly to entitle

the prisoner to his freedom on a certain date!"

V!o*at!o" o# Co"+!t!o" o# Rem!ss!o" - As a S,e!#! O##e"e

7iolation o& condition o& remi##ion i# a #.eci&ic o&&ence% Section 5 o& the *ndian Penal

Code deal# ith )iolation o& the condition# o& remi##ion o& a .uni#hment%+ *n order to ma=e

out an o&&ence under thi# #ection it mu#t be .ro)ed not only that the accu#ed a# granted a

conditional remi##ion o& .uni#hment@ that he acce.ted the condition# o& the remi##ion@ and

that he )iolated any o& tho#e condition# hich he acce.ted@ but al#o that he did #o

=noingly% *& the condition# are clear and unambiguou# and i& he )iolate# any o& them@ he

may be con#idered to ha)e done #o =noingly% But i& the condition# are )ague or ambiguou#@

the 6ue#tion hether the accu#ed )iolated them =noingly ould be a matter o& in&erence

&rom the nature o& the condition#@ the #tatu# o& the accu#ed and the circum#tance# o& the

)iolation%8H

8 Eo#hua 2re##ler@ MEu#ti&ication# and Remi##ion A Brie& Re)ie o& the Conce.t# and the

'iterature? N1$85O ++(4 Kayne ' Re) 11,,%

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R EASONIN$ BEHIND $RANTIN$ PARDON

>he rea#on behind the reduction o& #entence i# on account o& the con)ict ha# each .ri)ilege

to go in engage clear him/her o& the di#grace o& con)iction% *& there #hould ari#e an

occurrence o& tho#e blamed ho#e o&&en#e i# an #ingular demon#tration o& rongdoing

ithout in&luencing the general .ublic at an e9.an#i)e@ hether there i# any ri#= o& &uture

re.eat o& carrying out o& rongdoing@ contingent u.on the &inancial #tate o& the con)ict#

&amily@ hether there i# any .roducti)e rea#on &or binding the con)ict any longer%@ and #o

&orth@ o.erate to &igure out i& or not the #entence ought to be le##ened or dro)e% *ndeed@ e)en

the entire rea#on &or tran#mitting a rongdoer# di#ci.line com.letely or .artially by the

.ro.er :o)ernment i# to gi)e him/her a #.lendid chance to change him#el&/her#el& and an

o..ortunity to lead a #u.erior li&e along#ide hi#/her &amily in the general .ublic%

he ba#i# behind .ermitting leniency to .er#on# .ut in a correctional &acility ha# been

clari&ied in the in#tance o& 3.uru )% Condition o& Andhra Prade#h$ a# ta=e# a&ter

An e9oneration in our day# i# not a .ri)ate demon#tration o& beauty &rom an indi)idual

occurrence to ha)e control% *t i# a .art o& the .rotected .lan% Khene)er truly@ it i# the

determination o& a de&initi)e .oer that the general .o.ulation el&are ill be ideally

#er)iced by .er.etrating not a# much a# hat the judgment &i9ed%

hi# gi)e# each blamed and ca.tured indi)idual ha# a .ri)ilege to claim abatement% *n any

ca#e@ the truth that he or #he might be conceded the #ame i# not guaranteed a# that relie# on

u.on a great deal o& arrangement im.erati)e#%

*n any ca#e@ one ho endure# the un&a)ourable outcome# o& con)iction &or a rongdoing he

didnt #ubmit endure# a con#.icuou# inju#tice% Pardon i# hel.&ul in #uch ca#e#%H

$ 00 A*R SC ++8,%

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NATURE OF R EMISSION

>A .re#tigiou# legal ad)i#er@ ;%"% Seer)ai hoe)er utiliDe# the e9.re##ion &orce o& e9cul.ate

a# an omnibu# #tatement a# he .ro.o#e# that the ability to e9cul.ate incor.orate# all energy to

di#.atch@ dri)e etc% Ba#ed on thi#@ the term .ardon@ hile under#tanding it a# an o&&icial

ca.acity and it# ad)ancement on the other hand hi#tory@ ought to e9ten#i)ely incor.orate e)en

abatement% he &orce o& e9oneration ha# been liable to di)er#e de&inition# in di&&erent ca#e#@

all around the orld% *n the main American in#tance o& %S% )% Kil#on10

An e9cu#e i# a demon#tration o& elegance@ continuing &rom the .oer# de.ended ith the

e9ecution o& the la#@ hich e9em.t# the .er#on hereu.on it i# ga)e &rom the di#ci.line

hich the la .er.etrate# &or the commi##ion o& a rongdoing%

Part III** the Code o& Criminal Procedure@ 1$5+ managing 39ecution@ Su#.en#ion@

Reduction and Commutation o& Sentence#@ #et# out a broad #y#tem to .ro&it o& the .ri)ilege to

reduction% Segment 4+ o& the Code .articularly manage# the reduction o& #entence#% he

.rocurement# contained in thi# .art are au9iliary@ i%e% hel.er or #ubordinate to the .oer#

.re#ented on the Pre#ident o& *ndia and the :o)ernor o& the State# by Article 5 and 11@

#e.arately o& the Con#titution% *t i# an undeniable certainty that the .oer conceded to the

Pre#ident under Article 5 i# &ar better than the &orce o& e9cul.ate conceded to the :o)ernor

under Article 11%

he .ur.o#e# o& contra#t ri#e u. out o& the unco)ered content o& the Con#titution@ here

under Article 5@ the Pre#ident i# engaged to concede ac6uittal to #entence# alloed by a

Court "artial@ and i# e9.licitly granted the ability to con#ider all #ituation# here the

#entence o& death ha# been alloed% he &orce o& the :o)ernor# o& the .articular #tate# i# not

all that broad% Khile the term ab#ol)e i# by and large characteriDed di#tincti)ely a# in it

totally i.e# out the hole blame &rom the denounced@ the #ame doe# not ha..en concerningthe other o&&icial or=# li=e gi)ing o& re.rie)e@ diminution@ and #o &orth% he legitimate

im.act o& an ac6uittal or reduction i# entirely not the #ame a# a legal #u.er#e##ion o& the &ir#t

#entence% Khile #entencing i# a legal ca.acity and hate)er .erha.# done in the matter o&

e9ecuting that #entence &it a# a &iddle o& tran#mitting@ dri)ing or generally truncating@ the

o&&icial cant modi&y the #entence it#el&% ;ence@ regardle## o& arranging e)ery one o& them

under ab#olution or leniency@ there e9i#t# #tar= di#tinction beteen them (i%e% in the middle

10 + %S% 5 P3% 1,0 (18++

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o& ac6uit and abatement@ re.lacement% he #mear o& the rongdoing or o&&en#e #till #tay# on

record@ hoe)er the guilty .arty get# tran#mitted by the .reeminent .oer in the State%

*t gi)e# that ab#ol)e@ hich e9ten#i)ely co)er# the idea# o& abatement@ re.rie)e@ and #o &orth%@

i# #igni&icantly a demon#tration o& e&&ortle##ne##@ or leniency a..eared u.on the blamed@ by

the 39ecuti)e .oer &or the State =ee.ing in mind the end goal to .ermit him or her@ to

reco)er him#el& totally% *t #er)e# a .ath by hich a blamed can rub o&& the term &or accu#ed

o&& hi# #lee)e@ and #earch &or method# &or re.arating him#el&%

I Rem!ss!o" !s +!##ere"t #rom sus,e"s!o"

2e&erment i# the )indication o& an accu#ed?# #entence &or detainment and arri)al o& the

charged@ hile a remi##ion o& di#ci.line doe# not mean e9oneration and there might be #ure

contem.lation# #ati#&ied by the guilty .arty or not to get their #entence tran#mitted

com.letely or hal&ay by the &itting go)ernment%

*n criminal ca#e# a trial judge can #u#.end the #entence o& an indicted indi)idual% he judge

#hould at &ir#t maintain a .uni#hment o& &ine or detainment or both@ and then #u#.end the

u#age o& the #entence% Su#.en#ion o& a #entence and abatement o& a #entence are to i#olate

thing#%

III) Rem!ss!o" !s t.e ,o/er o# t.e e0eut!e

*n *ndia@ e ta=e &ollo an arrangement o& detachment o& .oer# in the ide #en#e@

di##imilar to in the American &rameor=% *t i# com.rehended that the element# o& the di)er#e

.art# or branche# o& the :o)ernment ha)e been ade6uately #e.arated and there&ore it can in

all li=elihood be #aid that our Con#titution doe# not con#ider #u..o#ition by one organ or .art

o& the State o& the ca.acitie# that ba#ically ha)e a .lace ith another% At the end o& the day@

there i#nt a .articular re&inement beteen the control#@ hoe)er there i# a =ey detachment in

the ca.acity o& each o& the ing# o& the State@ hich a##i#t =ee.# any co)er or di#.arity in the

organiDation o& the State%

he


13/27

1% 3)ery organ ought to be &ree o& the other@

% obody organ ought to .er&orm the ca.acitie# that ha)e a .lace ith the other%

hi# hy.othe#i# im.lie# the ay that one indi)idual or an a##emblage o& .er#on# ought not to

.ractice all the three .oer# o& the :o)ernment )iD% authoritati)e@ o&&icial and legal% A# #uch

it gi)e# that e)ery organ ought to con&ine it#el& to it# on circle and limit &rom tran#gre##ing

the region o& the other% At e9actly that .oint can the &ini#h detachment o& .oer# be

guaranteed in a nationL

here i# no &reedom i& the legal .oer i# not i#olated &rom the 'egi#lati)e and 39ecuti)e

.oer% Al#o hen the admini#trati)e@ legal and o&&icial .oer# are joined in the #ame

indi)idual@ on the other hand in the #ame body or "agi#trate@ there can be no liberty% *t i#

generally debated that the o&&icial alloing ac6uittal or .racticing leniency control add# u. to

encroachment o& thi# .rinci.le o& di)i#ion o& .oer#%*n any ca#e@ it ha# been com.letely e9.re##ed o)er and o)er that the ability to concede

ab#ol)e i# in 6uinte##ence an o&&icial ca.acity to be .racticed by the ;ead o& the State in the

a=e o& ta=ing into thought di&&erent matter# hich may not be &itting &or thought under the

#teady gaDe o& a Court o& la a#=ing into the o&&ence% Khile it might create the im.re##ion

that the#e to .oer# may co)er@ it doe#nt truly ha..en along the#e line#@ a# the to .oer#

or= in )ariou# realm#% hi# re&inement a# com.letely clari&ied on account o& nited State#

)% BenD11 in the#e ord#@

he legal .oer and the e9ecuti)e control o)er #entence# are .rom.tly recogniDable% o

render judgment i# a legal ca.acity% o con)ey the judgment into im.act i# an o&&icial

ca.acity% o #to. a #entence by a demon#tration o& leniency i# a .ractice o& o&&icial .oer

hich abbre)iate# the im.lementation o& the judgment@ hoe)er doe# not adju#t it 6ua a

judgment%

hi# re&inement a# elucidated &urther on account o& !% "% ana)ati )% he State o&

Bombay1 in the accom.anying ord#

he &orce o& the o&&icial i# a demon#tration o& elegance and .ardon% *t i# a #o)ereign or

legi#lati)e .oer hich in a monarchy i# inborn in the !ing and in a Re.ublic in the State or

the general .o.ulation and hich may@ by the Con#titution@ be .re#ented on an o&&icer then

again a di)i#ion%

Ac6uitting control hich ha# been .racticed &rom time immemorial by the e9ecuti)e i# a

indication o& the idea o& =ee.ing u. go)erning rule#@ hich i# innate in the regulation o&

detachment o& .oer#% *t ha# been com.rehended that the teaching o& "onte#6uieu i# not

11 5, '% 3d% +,4%

1 1$1 A*R 11%

1+


14/27

#im.ly a myth it li=ei#e con)ey# a truth@ yet a# in e)ery organ o& the :o)ernment ought to

or= out it# energy on the rule o& :o)erning rule# im.lying the ay that none o& the organ#

o& :o)ernment ought to u#ur. the =ey element# o& the other organ#%

A# &ar a# Biblical a.ologue@


15/27

to change him#el& and hi# deed#@ in the a=e o& #er)ing &or the o&&en#e in#ide o& the .ri#on

limit#%

Abatement@ not at all li=e on account o& e9cul.ate@ doe# not in&luence the di#ci.line by any

#tretch o& the imagination@ and the o&&en#e #till #tay# #et a.art in the record#% he con)iction@

be that a# it may@ #tay# untouched and the di#grace o& con)iction i# not obliterated% Another

contention that i# made to recogniDe the .oer# o& court# and the o&&icial energy to gi)e

ab#ol)e i# that hile the .re)iou# i# orried ith the la&ul .ri)ilege# o& a .er#on@ the la#t i#

orried ith humane rea#on &or mitigating the .er#on o& the di#ci.line &orced on him/her%

he body that acti)itie# thi# .oer i# in a ay@ #.ea=ing to the general .ublic e)eryhereG

Be#ide# the im.erati)e# o& e6uity@ ju#t incredible #ocial haDard or genuine mi#chie& to the

general .ublic or to the .oer o& la@ can legitimiDe the &orbiddance o& mercy%

Con#ideration# li=e o.en #trategy@ demon#tration o& the denounced@ hi# .a#t hi#tory and #o on@all are )ital hile the 39ecuti)e acti)itie# it# atch&ulne## hile conceding =indne##%

he #ubject o& reduction i# only in#ide o& the region o& the .ro.er :o)ernment% he #ame call

attention to com.letely brought u. e)en on account o& :o.al 7inaya= :od#e )% State o&

"ahara#htra14 a# ell% Khat# more@ under area 4+( o& the Criminal Procedure Code@ 1$5+

the #uitable go)ernment@ may hile .racticing thi# energy to concede reduction@ loo= &or the

e9hortation or #u..o#ition o& the concerned "agi#trate ho had cen#ured the blamed% hi#

e9hortation i#nt tying hoe)er% hi# &urther highlight# the authoritati)e aim on #ecuring the

ability to allo reduction a# an o&&icial .oer%

A# &or *ndia@ the Con#titution ob)iou#ly endor#e# the o&&icial ca.acity to be .er&ormed by the

39ecuti)e@ under the direction o& the Pre#ident% At that .oint@ &orgi)ene## i# an o&&icial

ca.acity@ hile maintaining judgment#@ tran#lating the la#@ are a legal ca.acity% hu#ly@ the

e9onerating control a# #aid in the Con#titution and a# ga)e in the #tatue# doe# not #um to

encroachment o& the .rinci.le o& di)i#ion o& .oer#%

14 A*R 1$1 SC 00%

1,


16/27

INTERPRETATION OF REMISSION

he idea o& Remi##ion i# .redominant e)en in di&&erent nation#% he circum#tance regarding

certain nation# i# tal=ed about underneath

I PA1ISTAN

he ability to concede e9onerate# and di&&erent re#t# in Pa=i#tan came into #.otlight through

the Sarabjit Singh# ca#e%


17/27

e9hortation o& the ;ome SecretaryG yet #uch choice by the ;ome Secretary can li=ei#e be

te#ted in #.eci&ic #ituation#% he in#tance o& R )% Secretary o& State &or the ;ome 2e.artment

e9 .arte Bentley15@ de&ined that the &orce o& ab#ol)e can be .racticed in )ariou# #tructure# in

)ie o& the circum#tance# included &or the #ituation and thu#@ an e9cul.ate conceded in an

im.o##ible to mi## &rame can be .ermitted i& the circum#tance re6ue#t# #o and can be te#ted

under the atch&ul eye o& a court o& la% ;ence&orth@ it can be ob)iou#ly atched that the

e9tent o& legal #ur)ey in the Eoined !ingdom i# e9tremely limited and tight%

V) BAN$LADESH

Article 4$ o& the Banglade#h Con#titution o&&er# ab#ol)ing control# in the hand# o& the

Pre#ident@ ho in con&erence ith the Prime "ini#ter through the "ini#try o& la can gi)e

ab#ol)e#% A#ide &rom thi#@ the admini#tration di#.atch@ #u#.end or dri)e a #entence o& the

con)ict a# .er the Code o& Criminal Procedure@ 18$8% *t can be atched that the Pre#ident

cant or= out hi# entitlement to concede ab#ol)e &reely ith no guidance%

VI) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

he .oer and energy to gi)e re#.ite# and e9cul.ate# i# too= into con#ideration by the

Pre#ident o& the Eoined State# ith the e9ce.tion o& it in in#tance# o& arraignment o& di&&erent

go)ernment .o#t# and or=.lace# under Article ** o& the nited State# Con#titution% *n SA@

the Court# ha)e been e9ce.tionally mind&ul and atch&ul in tran#lation o& e9onerating .oer#

o& the .re#ident@ herein certain limitation# ha)e been &orced becau#e o& contention# beteen

the condition# &orced by the =indne## .etition# and the .rotected right# en#ured to the .er#on#

engaging &or .ardon% n account o& ;o&&a )% Sa9be@ here an i##ue o& ith regard# to the

legitimacy o& a condition &orced on an e9onerate a# rai#ed@ the Area Court held that the

e#tabli#hed #tructure in the nited State# doe# not .ermit the Pre#ident to &orce and

im.lement condition# .a#t a #.eci&ic .lau#ibility hich may in&luence the #acred right#

en#ured to the a..ellant#% Additionally@ on account o& Burdic= )% Eoined State#@ it a# held

that the #entenced ha# a .ri)ilege to reject an ac6uittal conceded by the Pre#ident%


18/27

ac6uitting control# in the nited State# ha# been .racticed o.enly%

VII) INDIA

A demon#tration o& e&&ortle##ne## to a detainee may ta=e a &e #tructure# may it be in ty.e o&

#ub#titution@ re#.ite@ ac6uit@ abatement@ re.rie)e etc% in com.atibility o& the .ractice o& o&&icial

.oer# o& the #tate% he idea o& ac6uittal e9i#ted o)er hundred# o& year#@ &rom an age here

an all-.oer&ul ruler delighted in the .oer# to gi)e ac6uit# to hi# #ubject#% A# tal=ed about

#ome time recently@ abatement &undamentally manage# a circum#tance in hich a #entence o&

a detainee i# modi&ied ith no adju#tment in the o&&en#e #ubmitted by the guilty .arty% he

ability to allo ac6uit# in di&&erent #tructure# a# e9amined abo)e are the elite #.ace o& the

o&&icialG the o&&icial under Article 5 and Article 11 o& the Con#titution o& *ndia@ 1$,0

engage# the Pre#ident and the :o)ernor# o& the State indi)idually to gi)e e9onerate#%

onethele##@ #uch u#e o& o&&icial .oer# di##imilar to di&&erent other .o.ular go)ernment# on

the .lanet ha# been con&ined and #tandard# ha)e been #et don a# re#.ect# to it# u#e o)er a

time&rame through Court# elucidation o& #uch e#tabli#hed .oer#% *n "aru Sma#h )% nion

o& *ndia18@ it a# #aid that

39oneration@ utiliDing thi# e9.re##ion a# a .art o& the am.le#t intention@ a..oint# rea#onable

or= out@ a# e ha)e demon#trated .re)iou#ly% Political grudge or .arty .artiality cant yet be

intruder# in thi# region% he re6ue#t hich i# an a&tere&&ect o& #u.er&luou# or mala&idecom.onent# ill )itiate the or= out%


19/27

aarded% Al#o it ha# been called to attention in the in#tance o& "aru Ram )% nion o& *ndia@

that any ty.e o& e9cul.ate conceded by the legi#lature doe# not in&luence or change the

#entence ent by the court &or it# bene&it yet ju#t adju#t# the e9ecution o& the #entence@ it

doe#nt in&luence the re6ue#t o& con)iction by the court% he major noteorthy moti)ation

behind .a##ing a re6ue#t o& abatement i# to le##en the #entence to be e9.erienced by the

detainee@ and hence&orth doe# not in&luence the re6ue#t ent by the court%

NEED FOR &UDICIAL INTERVENTION

he ability to gi)e ab#ol)e# allure# to the o&&icial tremendou# ard o& .oer# to allo

re.lacement@ relie&@ .ardon@ reduction@ re#t etc% according to Article 5 and Article 151 o& the

Con#titution o& *ndia@ 1$,0% he e#tabli#hed a..aratu# gi)e# a to-le)el method &or loo=ing

e9oneration i%e% &ir#tly through a go)ernor under Article 11 o& the Con#titution o& *ndia or

&urthermore@ through the Pre#ident under Article 5 o& the Con#titution o& *ndiaG hoe)er thi#

.oer by the Pre#ident i# to be .racticed on the guide and coun#el i%e% the generally tying

nature o& the coun#el o& the Council o& "ini#ter# to #ati#&y the #acred obligation &orced in

him% Be that a# it may@ regardle## o& the &act that the ability to gi)e e9cul.ate i# )e#ted in the mo#t

ele)ated o&&icial .oer@ it# .ractice #hould be a# .er great con&idence@ ith #mart and

educated care and genuinene## &or o.en el&are a# #et don on account o& !ehar Singh )%

nion o& *ndia1$% Eu#tice Patha= in the moment ca#e commented that the Pre#ident &ollo# u.

on the guide and e9hortation o& the Council o& "ini#ter# ho additionally need to act in

con#onance ith Article 54(1 o& the Con#titution o& *ndia% *n e9.an#ion to thi#@ it i# an

occu.ant obligation on the o&&icial to .ractice to act #en#ibly and decently hile gi)ing

.ardon#% *t i# li=ei#e #ettled that all the e#tabli#hed .oer# are ne)er to be .racticed in a

#ubjecti)e ay and/or mulling o)er any mala&ide calculateG rule# are #hould ha)e been

&ounded ith a #.eci&ic end goal to guarantee rea#onable and #6uare ith #entencing o& all

detainee#% he Su.reme Court ha# li=ei#e o.ined that there #hould be rule# a# re#.ect# to the

.ractice o& the ab#ol)ing control#@ hile li=ei#e =ee.ing clo#e by certain re#iduary .oer#

to ada.t to uncommon circum#tance# or #udden ad)ancement#%

hen again@ the A.e9 Court #et out that Article 5 o& the Con#titution o& *ndia ha# a ide

1$ A*R 1$8$ SC ,+%

1$


20/27

ambit and con#e6uently@ it combined ith the &ormer ca#e la# are con#iderable and that no

#.eci&ic rule# are re6uired to control the &orce o& e9onerate )e#ted only in the hand# o& the

e9ecuti)e% hu#@ the &orce o& e9cul.ate remain# un&ettered in the hand# o& the o&&icial ith

ide o.tional .oer# and hich ha# been@ &rom the time #uch .oer a# alloed to the

o&&icial ha# been utiliDed a# an in#trument a##imilate &inancial and .olitical ad)antage# a#

o..o#ed to it being a demon#tration o& elegance or leniency% ;ence&orth@ it couldnt ha)e been

o)erloo=ed that &rom the )ery beginning@ #uch .oer# ere being mi#handled &or indi)idual

.ic=# u.G thi# could &urther be con#trued &rom the di#cretionary &urthermore@ immaterial

rea#on# declared in bac=ing o& an e9onerate%

*t ha# li=ei#e been brought u. by the Su.reme Court on account o& !uljeet Singh )% 't%

:o)ernor o& 2elhi0 hich rea&&irmed the in#tance o& 39 Parte Phili. :ro##man@ that

coordinating recom.en#e o& a #entence e9clu#i)ely on the .remi#e o& religiou# or grou.

rea#on# cant be entertained and held legitimate in la% *t a# atched that the .oliticiDation

o& e9onerating or mercy control# cant be a)oided and a# a #olution &or it@ the Court decided

that they ill ha)e the .oer# to audit #uch choice# hich are di#cretionary and need

rea#onable thought% Such occurrence# a# #een in the in#tance o& Santhan@ "urugan and

Ari)u ho ere #entenced to death &or being included in the .artici.ation o& the Raji)

:andhi A##a##ination and on account o& A&Dal :uru ho a# a ma#termind in the

.arliamentary a##ault in 001% An outrageou# in&ringement o& ac6uitting .oer# a# &ound

on account o& the :o)ernor o& ;aryana@ ho e9cul.ated the to charged Sabir and Sat

Pra=a#h included in the Ea#bir Singh =ill ca#e )ery 6uic=ly in the a=e o& ta=ing a&ter the

con)iction% he &orce o& legal audit a)oided mi#carriage o& ju#tice &or thi# #ituation@ herein

the Punjab and ;aryana ;igh Court decided that there a# an unmi#ta=able ab#ence o&

thin=ing hile granting the ac6uittal hich could be &ound in the #cramble ith hich the

e9cul.ate a# granted% he Court too called attention to that a rea#onable ab#ence o&

#traight&orardne## in the .ractice o& e9cul.ating .oer# i# a genuine hindrance hich#hould be tended to@ #ince the o&&icial might be liable to di&&erent incidental .re##ure#%

"oreo)er@ in bac=ing o& thi#@ on account o& Pad&ield )% Prie#t o& Agriculture


21/27

#ituation o& 7amuDDo )% nion o& *ndia@ hich demon#trate# the #igni&icance o& the thin=ing

connected by the e9ecuti)e in landing at a conclu#ion% hi# .oer li=ei#e allo# the Court#

the .ri)ilege to correct e9ecuti)e o&&icial acti)itie# on their .art%

Another moti)ation behind hy legal tran#lation in thi# re#tricti)e area o& the e9ecuti)e i#

&undamental i# a re#ult o& the great and o)er the to. de&er# on .art o& the .re#ident and

go)ernor# in di#carding a detainee# .ardon re6ue#t% Becau#e o& #uch intem.erate .o#t.one#

in choo#ing the =indne## .etition#@ the Su.reme Court a# directed to dri)e the #entence# o&

the detainee# in the in#tance# o& "adhu "ehta )% nion o& *ndia + and 2aya Singh )% nion

o& *ndia4% ho#e ho are #entenced to death need to #it tight &or a tortuou#ly long time

=ee.ing in mind the end goal to a&&irm their #entenceG thi# might be in ty.e o& ;igh Court

a&&irming the #entence gi)en by the trial court@ or the Su.reme Court in arranging o&& the

#.ecial lea)e .etition# or e)en the e9ecuti)e branch o& the #tate in #ha.e the .re#ident and the

go)ernor# ho #truggle in gi)ing an e9.edient choice on their =indne## .etition#% Such hold

u. ju#t ad# to the brutality o& a ca.ital .uni#hment and #ub#e6uently@ ought to be determined

by the concerned .oer#% *n #.ite o& the &act that in 1$88@ it a# led by a Con#titutional #eat

o& the Su.reme Court that e9orbitant de&er# in choo#ing a bene)olence a..eal to by the

e9ecuti)e gi)e# the detainee and a .ri)ilege to a..roach the court#@ it a# mo#tly to mo)e the

centre &rom the delay in legal .rocedure to the o&&icial .roce## in rendering a choice on the

bene)olence .etition#% *n#ight# demon#trate a #tunning number o& ca#e# being .ending ith

the "ini#try o& ;ome A&&air# &rom year# &urthermore@ #till no acti)ity lie# &or them%

1$88 :auhati 'a Eournal 48%

+ 1$8$ A*R SC $$%

4 1$$1 A*R SC 145%

1


22/27

IMPORTANT CASE LAWS

*n 1$5,@ one o& the earlie#t .etition# a# brought be&ore the Court ith regard to the re)ieo& the action# and #ub#e6uent deci#ion con&erred by the Pre#ident ith regard to the clemency

.etition in G. Krishta Goud and J. Bhoomaiah ) State of Andhra Pradesh and Ors25@ in

hich the Court rejecting the .etition categorically #tated that there i# an utmo#t .re#um.tion

in the e9erci#e o& .oer# by the Pre#ident in a bona &ide manner% he .oint hich a# .ut

&orth by the Court a# that the .etitioner# could not .ro)e any rea#on a# to hy their mercy

.etition a# rejected and the .re#ence o& malignity or o& abu#e o& .oer by the Pre#ident% he

Court hile rejecting the .etition al#o laid don that the Court ould not he#itate in

inter&ering here there i# .a#solute& ar#itrary& law+unto+themsel$es mala fide e/ecution of

pu#lic power012%

he#e con#ideration# on in)o=ing the .oer o& judicial re)ie a# rea&&irmed in the ca#e o&

Maru Ram ) Union of India26 @ and &urther it a# #tated by the Court that it ill inter&ere in

ca#e# here there in e9i#tence o& an a..arent .olitical )endetta or .arty &a)oriti#m or here

him#ical and unrelated material# #uch a# religion@ ca#te@ community ere ta=en into account

in the deci#ion ma=ing .roce##% Such mala &ide &actor# and con#ideration o& irrele)ant &actor#

de&eat the ba#ic .ur.o#e o& .ardon# and hence@ mu#t be continuou#ly )eri&ied by the judiciary%


23/27

right to a#= the .re#ident &or rea#on# a# to hy the mercy .etition a# rejectedG but i& #uch

rea#on# are .ro)ided &or by the Pre#ident him#el& in the order and the rea#oning i# held to be

erroneou#@ the Court# can inter&ere ith #uch a deci#ion% he Court #aid that it ha# the .oer#

to decide on the #co.e o& Article 5 and Article 11 o& the Con#titution o& *ndia@ to inter&ere

ith the .ardoning .oer# o& the Pre#ident hen there ha# been erroneou# a..lication and

a..reciation o& the &act# and circum#tance# o& the ca#e by the Pre#ident and in ca#e# here

there ha# been inordinate delay# in deciding on the mercy .etition by the e9ecuti)e branch%

*n ca#e o& B!r S!"2. ) State o# H)P%8@ the .etitioner a# a murder con)ict ho had

undergone 1 year# and one month im.ri#onment including remi##ion#% he re)ie

committee hich u#ually made recommendation# &or .remature relea#e o& .ri#oner# did not

recommend it &or the .etitioner on rea#on that it a# on a #light .ro)ocation that hecommitted murder that there a# no #tudy on hi# conduct out#ide the .ri#on and that the

di#trict magi#trate o& hi# locality a..rehended breach o& .eace i& he ere to be relea#ed%

According to the rule@ .ri#oner# ere .rematurely relea#ed i& they had not committed any

o&&ence in the jail@ their conduct a# good and they had returned &rom .arole .rom.tly% *n thi#

ca#e the .ri#oner could not be brought ithin the &rameor= o& the#e rule#% ;e a# ne)er

relea#ed &rom jail to atch hi# conduct out#ide the .ri#on% or a# he relea#ed on .arole to

#ho that he returned &rom .arole .rom.tly% *n &act there a# no record to #ho that hi#

conduct in the jail a# bad% *n the#e circum#tance# the court ordered hi# relea#e and ad)i#ed

the authoritie# to atch hi# conduct% Since he a# old and o& ea= health@ no breach o& .eace

could be a..rehended%

!ri#hnan air?# ca#e (1r!s."a" Na!r s) State o# 1era*a$ i# im.ortant becau#e o& the

enthu#ia#m #hon by the judiciary to go into the o.eration o& remi##ion #y#tem hich

)iolate# the &undamental right# o& the .ri#oner# ho are relea#ed on conditional remi##ion%

he court i# #ce.tic about the &airne## o& the .rocedure &olloed in the ca#e o& relea#e under Rule# ,45 and ,48 o& the !erala Pri#on# Rule# and Section 4+(+ o& Criminal Procedure

Code% According to the court there i# no .ro)i#ion &or deliberation o& the :o)ernment to

con#ider the a#.ect# in)ol)ed in hi# re-arre#t% *t doe# not al#o gi)e o..ortunity to the .ri#oner

to #ho cau#e again#t hi# reTarre#t% Similarly the language u#ed in the &orm o& bond@

ab#ence o& gi)ing a co.y o& it to the .ri#oner@ the lac= o& .ro)i#ion to ma=e him under#tand

8 A*R 1$58 SC ,$

$ 1$ Cri'E +40

+


24/27

the condition# to be &olloed and the unnece##ary condition# that are )aguely im.o#ed in all

ca#e# al#o #eem to be un&air hich )iolate Article# 14 and 1 o& the Con#titution% he

.rocedure &olloed to grant conditional remi##ion under the Pri#on Rule# and Criminal

Procedure Code are entirely di&&erent e)en though it i# the :o)ernment ho i# the ultimate

authority to grant remi##ion in both ca#e#% nder the Pri#on# Rule# the Ad)i#ory Board ha#

the .oer to recommend the .remature relea#e o& certain ty.e# o& .ri#oner# But it i# the

go)ernment to decide hether relea#e i# to be granted or not%

*n S!aran Singh . State of Uttar Pradesh"#@ the #entence o& a "'A ho a# con)icted o&

murder a# entirely remitted by the go)ernor ithin a time &rame o& le## than year# &rom

hi# con)iction% he ca#e ba#ically related to the &act hether it a# nece##ary &or the

go)ernor to be ac6uainted o& all the rele)ant &act# o& the ca#e% he Su.reme Court in thi#

ca#e@ e#tabli#hed that the go)ernor a# not con#iderate o& all the material &act# #uch a# hi#

in)ol)ement in , other criminal o&&ence#@ hi# unruly and unacce.table beha)ior in the .ri#on

and the .re)iou# go)ernor?# rejection o& hi# mercy .etition% here&ore@ the Su.reme Court

#etting a#ide the order o& the :o)ernor enunciated that #uch .oer# hen utiliDed in com.lete

arbitrarine## and blatant di#regard o& .rinci.le# o& con#titutionali#m cannot get the a..ro)al

o& la%

Similarly in Sat$a% ) State of &ar'ana"(@ it a# laid don that the Court ha# &ull .oer# to

inter&ere ith the .ardoning .oer# o& the go)ernor# under Article 11 o& the Con#titution o&

*ndia@ in the &olloing ca#e#

1% *& the .oer i# &ound to be e9erci#ed ithout any .rior con#ent or ad)ice o& the

go)ernmentG or

% *& the go)ernor ha# no juri#diction to entertain #uch a mercy .etition and in

&urtherance o& it tran#gre##e# the juri#dictionG or

+% *& the order o& mercy a# .a##ed ithout the a..lication o& mind and i# irrational and

him#ical in the eye# o& laG or4% *& the order by the go)ernor i# mala &ide in it#el& and i# ba#ed on #u.er&luou#

con#ideration# #uch .olitical bene&it#@ religion etc%

*n the in#tant ca#e@ the Su.reme Court #et a#ide an order o& the go)ernor on the .oint that he

a# ill in&ormed about the &act# and circum#tance# o& the ca#e and a# de)oid o& all rele)ant

material#% he Court #aid that the go)ernor did not =ne o& certain rele)ant material# #uch a#

the .eriod o& #entence already #er)ed and hi# beha)ior among#t the .ri#on .o.ulation@ hich

+0 A*R 1$$8 SC 0

+1 A*R 000 SC 150

4


25/27

ould render any order irrational and arbitrary%


26/27

CONCLUSION

>he .oer or .ardoning and remi##ion are the noble#t .rerogati)e o& #o)ereignty% *& the la#

are too #e)ere@ the .oer o& .ardoning i# a nece##ary correcti)e but that correcti)e i# it#el& an

e)il% "a=e good la#@ and there ill be no need o& a .oer to annul them% *& the .uni#hment

i# nece##ary@ it ought not to be remitted i& it i# not nece##ary@ the con)ict #hould not be

#entenced to undergo it%

3)en though there are #tatutory rule# &or remi##ion@ the authoritie# are not im.lementing

the#e guideline# .ro.erly% 7ariou# ca#e# that came be&ore the )ariou# ;igh Court# and

Su.reme Court ha)e re)ealed thi# &act%


27/27

BIBLIO$RAPHY

L!st o# Cases

1% &&icial 'i6uidator )% 2ayanand U r#% (008 10 SCC 1%

% :% !ri#hta :oud U E% Bhoomaiah )% State o& Andhra Prade#h U r#% (1$5 1 SCC

1,5

+% !%"% ana)ati )% State o& Bombay A*R 1$1 SC 11

4% Bi=a# Chatterjee )% nion o& *ndia (004 5 SCC +4

,% 3.uru Sudha=ar U Another )% :o)t% o& A%P% U r#% A*R 00 SC ++8,

% "aru Ram U r#% )% nion o& *ndia U r#% NA*R 1$80 SC 145

5% !ehar Singh U Anr% )% nion o& *ndia U Anr% NA*R 1$8$ SC ,+O

8% Saran Singh )% State o& %P% U r#% NA*R 1$$8 SC 0 O

$% Sat.al U Anr% )% State o& ;aryana U r#% NA*R 000 SC 150 O10% %S% )% BenD@ (1$+0 5, 'a 3d +,4

L!st o# Art!*es

1% "urali@ !%% (004% Premature Relea#e o& Pri#oner#% 3conomic and Political

Kee=ly@ +$(+$@ 4+1,F4+15% Retrie)ed &rom htt.//%j#tor%org/#table/441,,8+

% Crime and Ac6uittal% (00% Crime and Ac6uittal% 3conomic and Political

Kee=ly@ 41(10@ 84,F84,% Retrie)ed &rom htt.//%j#tor%org/#table/4415$1$

+% om# Eo#e.h@ U :eorge !% harian% (00% 2uty 39em.tion and Remi##ion

Scheme# Ca#e &or Re)ie% 3conomic and Political Kee=ly@ +5(10@ $0$F$10%

Retrie)ed &rom htt.//%j#tor%org/#table/44118+1

4% S% R% San=aran% (1$$$% Criminal Eu#tice Sy#tem A

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