CPTED REPORT - City of Blacktown...• Assessment of the development against the CPTED principles...

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Appendix K - CPTED Report (Neighbhourhood Centre - Consolidated).docx

2 April 2019

Elara Neighbourhood Centre

CPTED REPORT

Elara Neighbourhood Centre, Marsden Park

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental

Design (CPTED) Report Elara Neighbourhood Centre

Lot 1101 and 1102, DP 1191303, Harvest Street and Northbourne Drive,

Marsden Park

Prepared for

Stockland Development Pty Ltd

By

ABN 39 585 262 237

A Level 10, 70 Pitt Street, Sydney 2000 P GPO Box 5013, Sydney

NSW 2001

T (02) 9249 4100 F (02) 2949 4111 E [email protected]

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Date of final issue: 2 April 2019

File Path: C:\Users\Tompiovesan\Dropbox (GLN Planning)\Public\Projects\Active\11077

Stockland Elara NC Consolidated DA Marsden Park\Report\Appendix K - CPTED

Report (Neighbhourhood Centre - Consolidated).Docx

Project Manager: Tom Piovesan

Client: Stockland Development Pty Ltd

Project Number: 11077

The purpose for which this report may be used and relied upon is limited for that which it was

commissioned. Copyright in the whole and every part of this document belongs to GLN Planning

and may not be used, sold, transferred, copied or reproduced in whole or in part in any manner or

form or in or on any media to any person without the prior written consent of GLN Planning.

Disclaimer

By using the recommendations contained within this CPTED report, any person who does so acknowledges that:

It is not possible to make all areas absolutely safe for members of the community or their property.

It is based on the information provided at the time this report is prepared.

It is anticipated that by using the recommendations contained within this report, criminal activity will be reduced and the

safety of members of the community and their property will be increased. However, it does not guarantee that all risks have

been identified, or that the area evaluated will be free from criminal activity if the recommendations are followed.

ABN 39 585 262 237

A Level 10, 70 Pitt Street, Sydney 2000 P GPO Box 5013, Sydney NSW 2001

T (02) 9249 4100 F (02) 2949 4111 E [email protected]

Version Issue To Qty Date Prepared by

Draft Stockland Development Pty Ltd 1-e 17.7.18

P.McManus

Safer by Design Course Attendee

ID: 51257908

Final Council (Lodgement) 1-e 2.4.2019

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Purpose of Report 1 1.2 Tasks undertaken 1

2 The Site and Locality 3

2.1 Site description 3 2.2 Site location 3 2.3 Surrounding Locality 4

3 Proposed development 6

3.1 Overall Development 6 3.2 Land uses 7 3.3 Medical centre 8 3.4 Child care centre 9 3.5 Supermarket 9 3.6 Retail and Community Hub 10 3.7 Associated works 12

3.7.1 Carparking 12

4 Crime 13

4.1 NSW Police - Summary of key issues 13 4.2 BOSCAR Crime Statistics 13 4.3 Local Crime Prevention Policy 14 4.4 Locally Recorded Crime 15 4.5 Risk assessment 16

5 CPTED matters for consideration 18

5.1 Surveillance 18 5.2 Access Control 21 5.3 Territorial Reinforcement 23 5.4 Space/Activity Management 24

6 Conclusion and recommendations 27

7 Glossary 28

Tables

Table 1 BOSCAR Crime data – Blacktown LGA 13 Table 2 Priority crime categories 14

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Table 3 Potential Crime Risk Rating 16 Table 4 Recommendations surveillance measures 19 Table 5 Recommendations access control measures 22 Table 6 Recommendations related to territorial reinforcement 24 Table 7 Recommendations related to activity and space management 25

Figures

Figure 1 Location of Elara Neighbourhood Centre 3 Figure 2 Location of Neighbourhood Centre within North West Growth Centre 4 Figure 3 Location of site within the Marsden Park Precinct 5 Figure 4 Site Plan 7 Figure 5 Northern Elevation - Medical Centre 8 Figure 6 Southern Elevation - Medical Centre 8 Figure 7 Eastern elevation of supermarket 10 Figure 8 Southern elevation of supermarket 10 Figure 9 Northern elevation of Retail POD 1 11 Figure 10 Southern elevation of Retail POD 1 11 Figure 11 Northern Elevation POD 2 11 Figure 12 Southern Elevation POD 2 12 Figure 13 Northern elevation of retail shops attached to supermarket 12 Figure 14 Marsden Park Offences 15 Figure 15 Recommended location of bollards (dashed red) 22

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1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of Report

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) provides a foundation for problem solving

using the principles of environmental design to lessen the opportunity for crime. This is achieved

through a variety of measures with the aim of CPTED being to:

• Increase the risk to offenders and likelihood of being caught

• Increase the effort required to commit a crime

• Decrease the reward and perceived benefit of crime

• Remove the excuses by removing conditions that encourage/facilitate rationalism of

inappropriate behaviour.

Under section 4.15 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act), a consent

authority is required to take into consideration certain matters when determining a development

application (DA). This includes s4.15(1)(b) of the EP&A Act, ‘the likely impacts of that development,

including environmental impacts on both the natural and built environments, and social and

economic impacts in the locality’ and s4.15(1)(e) of the EP&A Act, ‘the public interest’.

The elements of CPTED considered within this report relate to:

• Surveillance

• Access Control

• Territorial Reinforcement

• Activity and Space Management

The proposed development is located within the Blacktown City Council Local Government Area

(LGA). This CPTED report has been prepared to review the design of the Elara Local Neighbourhood

Centre and consider how the proposal achieves the principles of CPTED to minimise the opportunity

for crime.

1.2 Tasks undertaken

The following tasks were undertaken in the preparation of this CPTED report:

• Review of architectural plans prepared by AJ&C Architects

• Review of landscaping plans prepared by Group GSA

• Review of CPTED information provided by NSW Police as part of the Safer by Design course

• Review of the site and surrounding area

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• Assessment of the development against the CPTED principles and preparation of report

• Review of draft Blacktown City Council Crime Prevention Plan 2017 - 2021

• Review of BOCSAR data produced by NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research.

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2 The Site and Locality

This section of the report describes the physical characteristics of the site, the adjoining development

and character of the locality relevant to the site.

2.1 Site description

The legal description of the property is Lot 1101 in DP 1191303, Harvest Street and Lot 1102 in DP

1191303, Northbourne Drive, Marsden Park. The site has frontage to Elara Boulevard (north), Harvest

Street (south), Parish Street (east) and Northbourne Drive (west). The neighbourhood centre will

provide local services to the surrounding Elara residential community.

Source: Nearmap

Figure 1 Location of Elara Neighbourhood Centre

2.2 Site location

The site is located with Precinct 1, Stage 11 of Stockland's Elara Estate within the Marsden Park

Precinct forming part of the North West Growth Centre (Figure 2).

On a regional scale, the site is located within the north-west of the Sydney metropolitan area, a

distance of approximately 49km to the north west of Sydney CBD, 12km to the north-west of

Blacktown CBD and 10km to the west of Rouse Hill town centre.


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Source: Department of Planning and Environment (North West Growth Centre)

Figure 2 Location of Neighbourhood Centre within North West Growth Centre

The character of the Marsden Park Precinct has started to significantly change from previous

agricultural uses following the rezoning of the land for urban purposes. This change is reflected in

the land subdivision and other urban development works that have commenced in the Precinct.

The site is located on the western side of Richmond Road and is accessed via an intersection at the

corner of Richmond Road and Elara Boulevard.

2.3 Surrounding Locality

The site is situated within the eastern end of the Marsden Park Precinct as illustrated within Figure

3.

Urban land surrounding the site is well established with several residential properties constructed

around the site, consisting of both low and medium density residential housing. In addition, a Seniors

Living Housing development has been approved and is partially built to the north of the site with

local playing fields located to the west of the site on the opposite side of Northbourne Drive.

Pockets of existing rural land still remain which are in the process of being redeveloped for urban

development.

Site

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Source: Marsden Park Indicative Layout Plan, Department of Planning and Environment

Figure 3 Location of site within the Marsden Park Precinct

Precinct 1

Precinct 4

Precinct 5

Precinct 3

Precinct 2

Neighbourhood Centre

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3 Proposed development

The proposed development seeks approval for a consolidated DA of Stockland's Elara

Neighbourhood Centre, combining the general elements from two DAs currently lodged with

Blacktown City Council (Council). The revised neighbourhood centre includes the following

components:

• Medical centre

• Child care centre

• A supermarket

• Retail shops

• Associated works including car parking, land contouring and landscaping

Further details of the proposed development, as detailed within the SEE, are outlined below.

3.1 Overall Development

The DA seeks approval for the construction of the Neighbourhood Centre at Elara within Marsden

Park. The application will succeed two Development Applications (DA), SPP-17-00052 and DA-18-

01357, lodged with Council and consolidate the works proposed under those DAs into a single

application.

SPP-17-00052 currently seeks approval for a Concept Proposal and concurrent Stage 1 works

(medical centre, child care centre, retail POD 1, community hub, car parking and landscaping). DA-

18-01357 seeks approval for retail POD 2, comprising a supermarket and an expansion to the car

park proposed under SPP-17-00052. As a result of this application, these two DAs will be withdrawn.

Minor design changes have been incorporated into this DA to address issues raised by Council

during its assessment of the Concept DA.

The proposed development will involve the construction and operation of the neighbourhood centre

and comprises of the following key components:

• A Child Care Centre for 121 children

• Two retail pod shell spaces, consisting of:

o POD 1 – a Community Hub including multi-purpose hall, meeting room, amenities and

associated uses and four spaces for casual dining and retail

o POD 2 – six casual dining and retail spaces on the ground floor and a gymnasium on

the first floor

• A Medical Centre shell space

• A supermarket shell space with three attached speciality retail areas and one kiosk area

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• 363 car parking spaces within two car parks

• Associated works including drainage, land contouring, signage envelopes and landscaping

Development consent is not sought for the fit out of the supermarket, retail tenancies and medical

centre and will be sought as part of separate future applications.

Further details of each element of the DA are outlined below.

Source: AJ+C Architects

Figure 4 Site Plan

The two DAs current under assessment by Council were accompanied by separate CPTED Reports.

The report for SPP-17-00052 was referred to NSW Police for comments. Council have advised that

no objection has been raised by NSW Police to the proposed Concept DA and Stage 1 works

following a review of this DA.

3.2 Land uses

The neighbourhood centre will incorporate several components and land uses to service the needs

of local residents. These uses are outlined below.

Land Use Details

Child care centre 121 children with 20 staff and support staff as required.

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Land Use Details

Medical centre Fit-out of medical centre to be undertaken under a separate application. The medical

centre will likely provide a range of consulting rooms for GPs, specialists and other

health services.

Community centre To be operated by Council. The community centre is located on the first floor and will

include a multipurpose hall, meeting room, office and kitchen facilities.

Retail Fit-out of the individual tenancies to be undertaken under a separate application. The

tenancies are anticipated to include a mix of specialty stores and café/restaurants.

Gym The gym will be located on the first floor of retail POD 2.

3.3 Medical centre

A new single storey medical centre shell space, with a GFA of 1,715 m2, will be delivered in the north

eastern corner of the site, with its pedestrian entry/exit point proposed from a weather protected

arcade that will be accessed via Elara Boulevard and the proposed main car park. Disabled parking

and a dedicated ambulance bay are located on the southern elevation.

Approval is sought to operate the medical centre between 7am and 9pm, Monday to Friday and

8am to 9pm Saturday, Sunday and public holidays, to provide a range of services at convenient times

throughout the day for people to access locally. The proposed medical centre will include various

consulting rooms, a pharmacy, optometrist, physiotherapist, pathology, dentist, radiology and other

support functions (i.e. reception, storage, staff break-out, amenities).

The fit-out of the medical centre will be subject to a separate future application once an end user is

known. An indicative internal floor plan provided with the DA has been issued for information only.

Proposed signage areas are identified on the entrance awning, on the buildings Elara Boulevard

frontage and on the elevated face brick element fronting the corner of Parish Street (neighbourhood

centre signage).

Figure 5 Northern Elevation - Medical Centre

Figure 6 Southern Elevation - Medical Centre

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3.4 Child care centre

A new child care centre (CCC) is proposed at the south western corner of the site south-western

corner and will comprise a GFA of 955m2, with an unencumbered indoor floor area of 479m2 and

850m2 of outdoor play area. Outdoor play areas will include large shade sails to allow children to

play outside during a range of weather conditions.

The CCC accommodate 121 children with 20 staff and additional support staff as required and is

proposed to operate from 6am to 6:30pm, Monday to Friday.

A separate car park is proposed that will contain 34 spaces, located immediately adjacent to the east.

Vehicle movements related to the CCC will be separated from the general commercial centre car

park to the east through the provision of a separate car park and an associated entry and exit along

Harvest Street.

The provision of a separated car park and associated entry/exit point will provide a more secure

location for parents to drop off and pick up their children in an accessible location adjacent to the

CCC entry. Suitable pedestrian access and footpath infrastructure, including pram ramps, as needed,

will be delivered around the eastern elevation of the CCC and that will connect to the existing

footpath network that surround the neighbourhood centre site.

3.5 Supermarket

The new neighbourhood centre is proposed to be anchored by a new Coles supermarket that will

occupy the central portion of the site. Specialty retail attached to the supermarket will be orientated

to the north to activate the retail arcade and accessed from the internal neighbourhood centre

arcade or from the supermarket airlock.

The main supermarket will have a GFA of 2,982m2. The specialty retail and kiosk areas will have a

GFA of 470m2. The proposed hours of operation are 6am to 12pm Monday to Sunday, with loading

dock operations proposed between 7am to 10pm Monday to Sunday.

The fit-out of the supermarket and attached retail areas will be subject to separate future

application(s). An indicative internal floor plan is provided with this DA for information only.

Future retail tenancies within the northern end of the supermarket building are orientated

northwards to activate the pedestrian walkway and town plaza. The supermarket and retail areas will

also have an awning along the northern elevation that projects into the retail arcade of the centre.

This awning will overlap with the awnings from retail PODs 1 and 2 to create a covered walkway for

pedestrians during a range of weather conditions. The supermarket awning will also project out to

the south east into the car park to communicate an entry point to centre patrons.

Loading services and back of house operations are proposed at the site’s rear southern Harvest

Street frontage. The new supermarket is proposed to be serviced by a single loading dock accessed

from dual vehicle crossovers on Harvest Street that will provide delivery and waste vehicle access.

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Source: AJ&C Architects

Figure 7 Eastern elevation of supermarket


Figure 8 Southern elevation of supermarket

Signage will be installed as part of the detailed fit-out of the supermarket as part of a future

application. Signage envelopes under this application are located on the elevation plans to identify

the future supermarket operator.

3.6 Retail and Community Hub

The DA will include multiple retail tenancies that are generally split between two ‘PODs’ that have

been sited to anchor and celebrate the main Elara Boulevard pedestrian entry point into the

neighbourhood centre town plaza and retail arcade.

POD 1 and 2 retail and dining tenancies are proposed to operate between 7am and 10pm, Monday

to Sunday. The gym is proposed to operate from 5am to 8pm, Monday to Sunday to provide

flexibility before and after work hours.

No approval is sought for the operational hours of the proposed community hub, which will be

subject to Council’s management policy when it is dedicated.

Fit-outs of the individual retail tenancies are not proposed as part of this application. These will be

lodged by the future tenants of the site once known.

POD 1 is located at the corner of Elara Boulevard and Northbourne Drive and will consist of four

separate retail tenancies and a community hub that will incorporate a multi-purpose hall, meeting

room, amenities, office area, storage and a lobby and waiting area.

POD 1 will have a total GFA of 1,404m2, which comprises 695m2 for the four retail tenancies and

709m2 for the community hub. The multi-purpose hall within the community hub is 322m2. Retail

and casual dining areas in POD 1 will range between 66 m2 and 81.6 m2 in area. A mini-major tenancy

is proposed that will front the internal centre arcade have a floor space of 387m2.

POD 2 is located along Elara Boulevard and will consist of six casual dining and retail tenancies on

the ground flood. A proposed gymnasium will be located on the first floor and will be accessed via

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a stairwell and lobby leading from an internal neighbourhood centre sidewalk. A lift is also proposed

that will provide accessible access to the gym.

Retail and casual dining tenancies range in size from 97m2 to 100m². A single retail area will have

access from Elara Boulevard to continue to provide street activation. Consistent with POD 1, another

tenancy will face out to the north west and provide access into the proposed town plaza to assist

with activating this central plaza space. The remaining four tenancies will face south and point into

the centre to create a retail arcade.


Figure 9 Northern elevation of Retail POD 1


Figure 10 Southern elevation of Retail POD 1

Figure 11 Northern Elevation POD 2

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Figure 12 Southern Elevation POD 2


Figure 13 Northern elevation of retail shops attached to supermarket

3.7 Associated works

3.7.1 Carparking

A total of 363 car parking spaces will be delivered as part of the neighbourhood centre and will be

located between car parks. The main eastern car park will accommodate 304 parking spaces and will

occupy a significant south eastern portion of the site at the corner of Parish Street and Harvest Street.

The remaining 59 will be located between the community hub, supermarket and child care centre

towards the western side of the site.

Access points into the eastern car park are provided off Elara Boulevard (designed as a shared zone

with traffic control measures and left-in/left-out vehicle movements), Harvest Street and Parish

Street. Access to the western car park is provided from Northbourne Drive and Harvest Street.

The eastern car park has been designed to include a pedestrian walkway through the middle of the

car park on a north-south axis. A separate footpath is provided along the western boundary of the

car park adjacent to the supermarket elevation.

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4 Crime

The development has the potential to introduce new victims, crime opportunities and offenders to

the development site and its surroundings. Therefore, Crime Prevention Through Environmental

Design (CPTED) treatments need to be considered to reduce opportunities for anti-social and

criminal behaviour.

4.1 NSW Police - Summary of key issues

Consultation was undertaken with Senior Constable Sue Carter (Mt Druitt Police) during master

planning and initial design phases of the neighbourhood centre to clarify what issues NSW Police

typically have relating to crime within commercial centres. A summary of the key matters raised by

NSW Police to consider as part of this development are outlined below:

• Anti-terrorist raid bollards at the pedestrian entry points to shopping centre where a vehicle

could alight and run-down pedestrians, diners or shoppers.

• CCTV around the perimeter of the building, throughout the car park, entry and exit points.

• Lighting around the site for surveillance.

• Pedestrian crossings throughout the carpark in the appropriate areas.

4.2 BOSCAR Crime Statistics

NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOSCAR) provides information from NSW Police

which summarises the statistical information on crimes to identify trends in crime.

A summary of the BOSCAR data related to Blacktown LGA has been outlined within Table 1 for the

period December 2017 to December 2018. As the area surrounding the site is currently under

development, the crime statistics for Marsden Park are not considered to be an accurate reflection

of the likely crime trends. Instead a review of the Blacktown LGA crime data relevant to the proposed

land uses has been provided.

Table 1 BOSCAR Crime data – Blacktown LGA

Blacktown LGA

Type of crime Blacktown LGA Rate

per 100,000 population

NSW average

per 100,000 population

Status

Assault – non-domestic

violence

472.8 403.2 Above average

Break and enter – non-

dwelling

119.7 129.8 Below average

Fraud 314.7 340.8 Below average

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Blacktown LGA

Malicious damage to

property

957.3 743.4 High

Motor vehicle theft 218.5 166.1 Above average

Steal from motor vehicle 812.1 484.4 High

Steal from retail store 381.3 315.3 Above average

It is important that new development does not create or contribute to the incidence of crime or

transfer an issue from one area to another.

4.3 Local Crime Prevention Policy

Council has prepared a draft Blacktown City Council Crime Prevention Plan 2017-2021. Council’s

Crime Prevention Plan sets out how it is creating a respectful, healthy and safe city including a

framework to achieving this. Following a statistical analysis of crime within Blacktown, the Plan

targets three key areas as outlined within Table 2.

Table 2 Priority crime categories

Crime group Comments Offence

Domestic violence Domestic violence related offences

account for up to 40% of Police call-

outs across the City

Assault - domestic violence

Breach apprehended violence order

Break and enter - dwelling

Malicious damage to property

Fraud Identity theft through mail box theft,

fraud, cyber-fraud and skimming is

becoming more prevalent especially in

new release areas.

Fraud

Opportunistic crime Consultations identified a concern on

a range of crimes committed by youth

offenders. These crimes often involve

theft or malicious damage and are

opportunistic in nature. These offences

are particularly appropriate for a

response utilising situational crime

prevention.

Robbery

Steal - from dwelling

Steal - from motor vehicle

Steal - from person

Steal - from retail store

Break and enter - non-dwelling

Motor vehicle theft

Malicious damage to property

Source: Draft Blacktown City Council Crime Prevention Plan 2017-2021, p.12

The key crime group and offence likely to occur as part of this development which should be

considered within this CPTED is likely to be in relation to opportunistic crime including robbery, steal

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from retail store, steal from motor vehicle, steal from person, break and enter (non-dwelling), motor

vehicle theft and malicious damage to property.

4.4 Locally Recorded Crime

Offences recorded specifically within the suburb of Marsden Park are illustrated below in Figure 14.

However, these statistics are based on a low population base and are anticipated to change as the

area develops and becomes more urbanised.

Source: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research

Figure 14 Marsden Park Offences

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A review of BOSCAR data applicable to Marsden Park, with regard to the Blacktown LGA data

detailed above, the following commercial centre based offences were identified that were recorded

at elevated levels within the Marsden Park area in 2017 and 2018:

• Other theft

• Fraud

• Steal from motor vehicle (theft)

• Malicious damage to property

• Break and enter non-dwelling (theft)

• Steal from retail store (theft)

• Motor vehicle theft (theft).

Generally, hotspots for these incidents were not located in proximity of the proposed neighbourhood

centre. Hotspot mapping for ‘steal from motor vehicle’ identified the occurrence of offences at

Sydney Business Park, Marsden Park, located southeast of the proposed development. However, this

provides a potential behavioural trend that should be considered, given it closely aligns with the LGA

trend. The most frequent offence committed within proximity to the proposed development was

‘break and enter non-dwelling’.

As identified, above, it is anticipated that the number of incidents and location of crime within the

Marsden Park area will shift over time as the area is developed. This is likely to have an impact on

the types of offences and frequency due to the increased number of people that will be living within

this area in the future.

4.5 Risk assessment

In the context of the proposed retail uses and large car park proposed within the Neighbourhood

Centre, the potential crime risk rating has been considered within Table 3.

Table 3 Potential Crime Risk Rating

Issue Likelihood Consequence Crime Risk Rating

Fraud (theft) L1 C3 Extreme

Steal from motor vehicle (theft) L2 C2 High

Malicious damage L2 C2 High

Break and enter non-dwelling (theft) L2 C3 High

Steal from retail store (theft) L2 C2 High

Motor vehicle theft (theft). L3 C4 Extreme

Non-domestic violence (assault) L3 C3 High

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It is important that new development does not create or contribute to the incidence of crime or

transfer an issue from one area to another.

Fraud and motor vehicle theft were identified to have an extreme risk rating due to the associated

consequence. To a lesser extent, steal from motor vehicle and retail store, malicious damage, break

and enter non-dwelling and non-domestic violence were identified to have the highest risk rating.

While generally considered possible to occur, the consequence of these crimes would rang between

minor-moderate, and therefore particular attention within the design should be made to limit the

potential of these crimes occurring.

The crime risks outlined above have been addressed as part of the CPTED matters for consideration

within Section 5 of this Report.

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5 CPTED matters for consideration

CEPTD is a crime prevention strategy that focuses on the planning, design and structure of cities and

neighbourhoods. It reduces opportunities for crime by using design and place management

principles that reduce the likelihood of essential crime ingredients from intersecting in time and

space.

Predatory offenders often make cost-benefit assessments of potential victims and locations before

committing crime. CPTED aims to create the reality (or perception) that the costs of committing

crime are greater than the likely benefits. This is achieved by creating social and environmental

conditions that:

• Maximise risk to offenders (increasing the likelihood of detection, challenge and

apprehension)

• Maximise the effort required to commit crime (increasing the time, energy and resources

required to commit crime)

• Minimise the actual and perceived benefits of crime (removing, minimising or concealing

crime attractors and rewards), and

• Minimise excuse-making opportunities (removing conditions that encourage/facilitate

rationalisation of inappropriate behaviour).

CPTED employs a number of principles, surveillance, access control, territorial re-enforcement, space

& activity management to reduce opportunities for criminal and anti-social behaviour.

5.1 Surveillance

Criminals are typically deterred from committing crime in places that are well supervised. There are

three levels of surveillance which includes:

• Natural surveillance

• Technical / Mechanical

• Formal surveillance

It is anticipated that the site may, at times, have all three types of surveillance operating at the site.

Natural surveillance of the neighbourhood centre will be provided by the local community regularly

accessing this local centre. The centre has been designed with good sight lines along the pedestrian

walkway enabling people to look into activity spaces before entering. In addition, external building

facades of retail tenancies are treated with glazing around their perimeters and have entry/exits

orientated to public domain spaces that will deliver natural surveillance of the internal arcade and

town plaza areas and car parking areas.

The number of people utilising the area is likely to discourage crime as there would be reduced

opportunities to carry out offences and equally a high chance of being caught. Other forms of natural

surveillance will come from the operators of the various businesses within the neighbourhood centre

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which provide a sense that the area is being supervised in addition to the surrounding residential

dwellings which are orientated around the car park area along Harvest and Parish Street again giving

a sense of overlooking opportunities.

The operation and management of the proposed neighbourhood centre will be subject to Council

following the dedication of the centre. In addition to the natural surveillance afforded by the likely

high community use of the facility, it is likely that Council would include mechanical surveillance (i.e.

CCTV) measures. It is also recommended that a security management plan be prepared by Council

prior to the commencement of operations.

While the details of the supermarket operation and retail tenancies are unknown at this time, it is

likely that they will include the installation of mechanical surveillance (CCTV), particularly the

supermarket. There is also potential that formal surveillance (security) will be employed at peak times

and/or during the night time period. CCTV is typical within a supermarket operation and would likely

be positioned to provide surveillance over the loading dock area, entry and exit areas (i.e. airlock),

internally throughout the store and around any areas holding cash. It is recommended that a security

management plan be provided as part of any future fit-out of the supermarket.

It is recommended that to provide for surveillance opportunities at night, that the car park and

pedestrian walkway areas be illuminated. Lighting details aren’t currently shown on the architectural

plans but should be conditioned to be provided as part of the Construction Certificate detail. The

lighting plan should be reviewed to ensure that trees are not blocking light spillage creating dark

areas pockets at the site. Additionally, the lighting selected should be LED / white light to provide

suitable visibility to pedestrians (not a yellow based light).

Landscaping will generally comprise of low level ground covers and shrubs around the perimeter of

the site. Throughout the car park, the site will include low level planting up to a maximum height of

1m consisting of 'Lomandra longifolia'. The proposed planting is considered to provide good

opportunities for surveillance across this area which limits areas for people to hide within.

Recommendations:

Relevant recommendations relating to surveillance at the site are outlined within Table 4.

Table 4 Recommendations surveillance measures

Recommendation Comments

Landscaping

1. Trees planted within the car park should have a

canopy height once matured of at least 1.8m to

provide surveillance opportunities through this

area.

2. No shrub planting over 1m should be used

within the car park or along pathways through

the site.

Landscaping should not screen natural lines of sight.

Tree planting is proposed through the car park

which will not block sight lines provided the canopy

remains above 1.8m with all shrub planting to be a

maximum of 1m high. Details will be confirmed prior

to the issue of a Construction Certificate for the car

parking areas.

Lighting

3. Lighting shall be installed within the car park,

along pedestrian pathways and within the town

plaza in accordance with AS 1158.1.

Lighting is necessary to provide surveillance during

the early morning and night time hours.

As the site will have various land uses operating

either before sunrise and after sunset (i.e. gym users

in the early morning, functions within the

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community facility during evenings), the car park

and pedestrian areas should be well lit to provide

surveillance through the site.

Lighting within the car park should be co-located

with pedestrian crossings to illuminate these areas

and support safe movements and heighten

surveillance.

The colour and type of lighting should be reviewed

during the Construction Certificate stage. Lighting

should emit a white light (e.g. LED style) to provide

clearer surveillance as illustrated within the image

below.

CCTV

4. CCTV should be installed throughout the site

including within retail areas, car park areas, bin

enclosures, bike storage areas, pedestrian

pathways between buildings and public domain

areas (i.e. town plaza and pedestrian arcades).

The locations of CCTV cameras shall be

identified prior to the release of the CC.

CCTV provides mechanical surveillance and while

does not prevent crime, can deter people from

committing crime if they know there is a chance of

being caught.

Building design

5. For the on-going operation of the

neighbourhood centre, posters and other

advertising material should not be placed on

windows that would prevent surveillance and

natural sight lines into and out of buildings.

Buildings have been designed with flat entry façades

(no recess) and no alcove spaces to limit

concealment opportunities. Two recessed areas of

fencing, in conjunction with storage rooms, are

proposed along the western boundary of the child

care centre. The fencing/storage room design

should be reviewed to eliminate opportunities for

concealment.

POD 1 proposes external dining spaces along the

building’s Elara Boulevard and town plaza elevations

to ensure these spaces are highly active and

contribute to levels of natural surveillance.

POD 2 is proposed to comprise an internal stair/lift

circulation space at the northern corner of the two

storey building to provide access to the first floor

gymnasium. The entrance to the circulation space is

located in an area likely to attract higher levels of

activity, being adjacent to the vehicle entry access

point off Elara Boulevard and nearby the main

pedestrian entry/exit to the eastern car park.

The proposed town plaza and pedestrian arcade

spaces are designed with straight lives of visibility

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and no obstructions to ensure these spaces are

highly visible.

Alarms

6. Depending on the future use of tenancies and

the ultimate trading hours, duress alarms could

be considered as part of any future fit-out of

the supermarket, retail shops and other uses.

This would be determined once more details

around the uses are known and would be

installed near the main transaction areas where

money is kept.

While this does not prevent crime, it provides an

opportunity to enable security and/or the Police to

respond quickly.

Formal Security

7. Formal security may be required for larger

functions held within the Community Centre or

provided during peak times of supermarket

operations. This treatment should form part pf

the security management plan prepared and

employed where it is determined necessary at

the time (i.e. peak business period or

community event).

8. A security management plan should be

prepared in conjunction with future fit-out

applications for the supermarket and retail

tenancies to demonstrate how crime will be

designed out.

The requirement for formal security will form part of

the guidelines provided in formal security

management plans prepared for the supermarket

and the community centre.

It is likely that the operations will be in accordance

with any relevant Council policies and confirmed at

the time of booking.

5.2 Access Control

Access control is used to attract, channel, encourage and restrict people and vehicles into,

throughout and out of an area. The environment within an area should provide cues in relation to

access control which can consist of:

• Natural access control

• Technical access control

• Organised access control.

The neighbourhood centre has been designed to provide designated pedestrian and vehicle entries.

This is controlled through a range of natural, technical and organised measures, including

landscaping (consisting of trees that will act as bollards around the perimeter), security gates to the

rear of the supermarket loading area, and the design of public domain spaces (town plaza and

pedestrian arcades) to attract pedestrians to and through these spaces.

Clear cues will also be provided for the proposed child care centre and neighbourhood centre that

clearly defines these spaces through the provision of technical and organised access control

measures. These will include secure perimeter fencing (i.e. child care centre) and formal entry/exit

points, with the child care centre capable of controlling access remotely by staff within the centre.

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While construction works are undertaken, the site will be secured with temporary fencing to prevent

access during this period with controlled access points and signage identifying who should be

accessing the site during this period.

Designated pedestrian walkways are provided through the site and include both separated footpaths

(i.e. along the property boundaries and western boundary of the car park adjacent to the

supermarket) and centrally through the car park on a north-south axis. The 2.7m wide central

pedestrian pathway will be identified through the use of painted pedestrian crossing marks indicating

that pedestrians have priority walking through these areas. Future custodians of the space will need

to regularly maintain these painted markings to ensure that there is no ambiguity created between

pedestrians and vehicle movements on-site.

Recommendations:

Relevant recommendations relating to access control at the site are outlined within Table 5.

Table 5 Recommendations access control measures

Recommendation Comment

Perimeter control

1. Bollards shall be installed at

regular intervals preventing

cars from accessing pedestrian

areas (i.e. town plaza and

pedestrian arcades) and the

child care centre main

entrance. This may include

retractable bollards to allows

for deliveries and events as

necessary.

Bollards should be provided to prevent vehicles mounting the kerb

and gaining access to key pedestrian areas and to reduce potential

conflict with the main entry/exit of the child care centre. A plan

showing the indicative locations of bollards is illustrated within Figure

15.

The design of the development funnels people towards the town

plaza and surrounding land uses to activate this area. The site has

various entry and exit points for both pedestrian and motorists to

facilitate evacuation if necessary.

Kerb and gutter along with street trees will assist in deterring vehicle

access around the perimeter except for at designated entry/exits.

Figure 15 Recommended location of bollards (dashed red)

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Signage

2. Signage shall be installed at

pedestrian access points and

road crossings to emphasise

pedestrian priority.

3. Signage shall be installed within

the child care centre car park

to communicate priority for

child care centre staff and

parents.

Signage identifying pedestrian priority within the car park assists to

clarify this to motorists.

Signage provided within the child care centre car park will assist with

communicating the priority of the spaces for staff and parents and to

avoid conflict with other motorists and neighbourhood centre

patrons.

Waste enclosures

4. Waste enclosures shall be

securely fenced and locked

when not in use.

Each of the waste enclosures should be securely fenced to prevent

unauthorised access and locked when not in use to prevent illegal

dumping.

Retail PODs

5. On-going access to the facilities

within each POD (i.e. toilets

and circulation spaces), should

be continually monitored by

Centre management. Where

incidents of vandalism and/or

damage repeatedly occur,

access control to this area will

need to be further reviewed.

This may include restricting

access during nominated hours

or installing technical access

points.

The use of retail pod 1 will need to be reviewed over time to review

what facilitates are accessible and at what times to limit damage

from occurring.

It is anticipated that Centre management would restrict access to

toilets when the adjoining uses are not operating to secure these

areas and minimise the potential for damage to occur.

5.3 Territorial Reinforcement

The purpose of territorial reinforcement is about identifying ownership of a space.

Criminals are typically deterred by the presence of people who are connected to and protect a space

acting as the ‘guardians’ of the site. Places where there is an ownership of space, are cared for and

are clearly designed for a designated purpose are likely to be used, enjoyed and revisited by the

community. In considering territorial reinforcement, it is necessary to minimise any conflict between

the design, definition (use) and designation (whether it is used for the purpose built).

The proposed neighbourhood centre is framed around the perimeter by existing street tree

landscaping that will be supplemented by a range of new landscape planting and in some areas

edged building facades to delineate the property boundary.

The planting generally consists of low maintenance and low-level ground covers and shrubs with

perimeter trees (Pyrus ussuriensis) measuring up to 9m in height. This landscaping acts direct people

around the site to specific pathways into the site. Along the rear of the site, the supermarket is edged

by a mix of landscaping and security gates to prevent unauthorised access within this area.

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In addition, it is likely that local retail tenants will provide a guardian role to discourage incidents of

crime occurring, particularly around the town plaza and along the pedestrian walkway. These retail

spaces are designed to orientate towards these areas and help in activating them. It is important that

any future signage and design of these retail spaces maintain this integration which enables users of

the spaces to see each other. Further, graffiti is proposed to be limited along the side (eastern)

boundary of the supermarket through the installation of landscaping to protect these walls.

The boundary and ownership of the proposed child care centre will be clearly defined through the

proposed perimeter fencing and building façade (i.e. car park elevation).

Recommendations:

Relevant recommendations relating to territorial reinforcement at the site are outlined within Table

6.

Table 6 Recommendations related to territorial reinforcement


Signage

1. Entry and exit points to the car park and

neighbourhood centre shall be signposted and

identify the area as private property to clearly

define ownership of the space.

2. Signage shall be incorporated within the

neighbourhood centre to advise people not to

leave valuables in their car.

3. Pedestrian crossings shall be clearly marked to

identify these areas to motorist and well

maintained.

Signage to reinforce activities within an area helps

people to understand how areas should be used.

As theft from motor vehicle is high within the

Blacktown LGA, signage should be installed to

remind people not to leave valuables in their car

which could be stolen.

Pedestrian crossings should be clearly marked to

distinguish these areas to motorists. Where possible,

lighting should be located with the pedestrian

crossing and should be regularly maintained.

Landscaping

4. Trees should be setback from buildings to

prevent them from being used as natural

ladders.

The development has generally been designed to

setback large tree from buildings. Trees and

vegetation are proposed along the eastern and

southern elevations of the supermarket, though will

not pose a threat given the height of the

supermarket built form in this location.

Two trees are proposed along the western fence

elevation of the child care centre that may provide

for climbing opportunities into the main outdoor

play space of the centre and their scale and location

should be reviewed prior to the issue of a

construction certificate to ensure they do not

facilitate climbing.

5.4 Space/Activity Management

Space and activity management involves the supervision, control and care of space. Typically, places

that are infrequently used are commonly abused. Therefore, it is important that the space is well

designed and achieves the intended purpose for patrons of the site.

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A range of land uses and hours of operation are proposed to encourage use of the neighbourhood

centre throughout the day, with activity generated by retail uses envisaged to be created around the

town plaza and along the formed pedestrian walkway providing access between the car park and

the supermarket. The uses are proposed to operate between the hours of 7am to 12 midnight

(supermarket) and 7am to 10pm (retail tenancies). Further the retail tenancies provide opportunities

for a variety of businesses to operate within which will attract customers at different times of the day.

As a result of the variety in uses to be accommodated at the site, there is anticipated to be a frequent

stream of people accessing the site and engaging with the diverse range of services provided across

the neighbourhood centre.

Key periods when there may be a higher chance of vandalism or break, enter and theft occurring at

the site would likely be during the night time period when the site is either not used (i.e. after 12

midnight) or during periods when there is not anticipated to be high volumes of customers and

people accessing the site.

The provision of lighting and CCTV is considered to provide some deterrence to criminals. However,

as the entries to the retail uses and supermarket would be relatively secluded at night, this should

be further combatted through individual measures within each retail tenancy. As such, the fit-out of

the supermarket and each retail tenancy should consider how they can discourage break-ins using

measures such as alarms, CCTV, activated security lighting, multiple staff on site during the periods,

formal security, installation of strong rooms to store valuables and ensuring cash is not left on the

premises at night. These measures should be outlined as part of the security management plan that

should be prepared for each tenancy.

Key recommendations to assist in minimising crime are detailed within Table 7.

Recommendation

Relevant recommendations relating to space and activity management at the site are outlined within

Table 7.

Table 7 Recommendations related to activity and space management


On-going management

1. The neighbourhood centre shall be regularly

managed, with walk-throughs of the site

undertaken regularly to ensure the site is kept

in a clean and tidy manner and to identify areas

of decay and or vandalism and to remove

graffiti as soon as possible, ideally within 24

hours.

2. Waste enclosure areas shall be kept in a neat

and tidy manner.

Regular management and maintenance of the site

shows that there is a site guardian which helps to

deter criminal activity.

It is anticipated, that tenants within the

neighbourhood centre would be able to report any

damage or graffiti to ensure the matter is resolved in

a timely manner.

A security management plan will be prepared for

each tenancy that outlines how offences would be

reduced and to deter criminals from break, enter

and theft during the night time periods.

Signage

3. Way-finding / directional signage shall be

installed throughout to direct people around

the site, as necessary.

Signage helps people to navigate around the site

and to identify and reinforce how certain areas

should be used.

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4. 'Park Smarter' signage (or similar) shall be

placed around the site to help minimise theft

from vehicles.

5. Hours of operation should be clearly identified

at the entry to each building/tenancy.

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6 Conclusion and recommendations

The design and layout of the sites has been assessed against the requirements of section 79C of the

EP&A Act and the principles of CPTED and has been found to be an acceptable design subject to

recommendations. These recommendations relate to either minor changes or further detail being

provided either prior to the release of a Construction Certificate.

The recommendations outlined within this report will assist in improving the safety and security and

limit crime across the site. These measures will assist in reducing the opportunities and instances of

potential offences occurring, further reinforcing the attractiveness and positive character of the

neighbourhood centre.

The anticipated crime risk related to this development is considered low, provided the

recommendations outlined are implemented and the site is regularly maintained. In addition, any

future fit-out of the retail tenancies will also need to consider how the design of these spaces limit

opportunities for crime.

A periodic review of the neighbourhood centre should be undertaken once operations commence

to ensure that recommended measures are effective. This will be required to ensure it continues to

achieve the intent and function originally envisaged. This should be undertaken regularly and in the

event of any issues arising at the site to ensure the development appropriately responds to the

surrounding environment and to the needs of the users to limit opportunities for crime at the site.

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7 Glossary

Abbreviation

BOCSAR Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research

CPTED Crime Prevention through Environmental Design

DA Development Application

EP&A Act Environmental Planning and Assessment Act

CPTED REPORT - City of Blacktown...• Assessment of the development against the CPTED principles...

Documents

Transcript of CPTED REPORT - City of Blacktown...• Assessment of the development against the CPTED principles...