CPT100-V2

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

1/65

Motorola: For General Business Use,MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.

All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006.

CPT100 MOTOWi4 Introduction

Version 2

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

2/65

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point TrainingMOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.

All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006.2

Table of content

Module 1: Overview of Networking and Internet Protocols (IP)

Module 2:Overview of Radio Frequency (RF) Fundamentals

Module 3:Overview of MOTOWi4 product portfolio

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

3/65



Module 1

Overview of

Networking and Internet Protocols (IP)

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

4/65



ISO Layered Architectures

Short Definition

Layered Architectures are models or constructs that assists

in describing

Functions in software or hardware

Interfaces that pass information from one function to

another The model isnt concrete it is used more to describe

Several Layered Architecture models used (e.g.: OSI, IETF,

proprietary)

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

5/65



WANPHY

Layer

LANPHY

Layer

DataLink

Layer

LANPhysical

Layer

MACLayer

NetworkLayer

TransportLayer

Layered Architectures

Representing the Layers

MACLayer

NetworkLayer

UpperLayers

WANPHY

Layer

DataLink

Layer

LANPHY

Layer

MACLayer

NetworkLayer

LANPhysical

Layer

MACLayer

NetworkLayer

TransportLayer

UpperLayers

UpperLayers

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

6/65



Layered Architecture

Layer Summary

Higher Layers pass information down through intermediate layers to

lowest layer Each transmit-side layer adds bits to the data received to perform its

function (usually prepended)

Each receiving-side layer processes the bits from the transmitting peerlayer

The lowest layer is where physical (bit-level) communication occurs

All other layers have virtual communications between peer processes

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

7/65



Equipment with Layered Architecture

Repeater, hub , cables, wireless accessLayer 1

Bridge, L2 switchLayer 2

Router, L3 switchLayer 3

EquipmentLayers

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

8/65



Addressing

Each Layer Has Its Own Type

A Layer 3 Address is logical that is, the address

is not a physical port/thing/location

A Layer 2 (LAN) Address is a 48-bit burned-inaddress that identifies a specific device

A Layer 1 (LAN) Address is a physical port on a

device (e.g.: repeater, hub, etc.)

LANPhysical

Layer

MACLayer

NetworkLayer

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

9/65



IP Address Introduction

Classic, Classful Addresses

Each address is broken into:

Network Part (Less Specific) allocated by an ISP or

RegistryHost Part (More Specific) given out by Administrator orHost Part (More Specific) given out by Administrator or

ServerServer

8-Bits8-Bits8-Bits8-Bits



SA/DA:

SA/DA:

SA/DA:

-------------------------------------------------------------

-----------

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

10/65




Classic, Classful Addresses

Network is identified in the first octet

A block has 16+ mm hosts

B block has 65,536 hosts

C block has 256 hosts

8-Bits8-Bits8-Bits192-223



Class C

Class B

Class A

-------------------------------------------------------------

-----------

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

11/65




Public versus Private Addresses

Public IP Addresses are reachable from anywhere in the

world for:

Web Pages

Mail Servers

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Servers

Private Addresses are created for use within a customers

own network they are not used to cross the Internet (i.e.: for

Private Network needs)

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

12/65



192.168.255.255192.168.0.0Class C

172.31.255.255172.16.0.0Class B

10.255.255.25510.0.0.0Class A

throughStarting With

Private IP Addresses

Each Class has its own

AnyAny168192

AnyAny16-31172

AnyAnyAny10

Class C:

Class B:

Class A:

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

13/65



Addressing

Layer 2 Addresses

Layer 2 addresses are

Burned into hardware on LAN devices

Assigned by software on WAN services

The Layer 2 LAN address is the MAC (Medium Access

Control) address

The MAC address is broken into

48-bit address (or 12 HEX characters)

Two parts: Vendor identifier (first half) and the devicesS/N (second half)

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

14/65



Layer 2 Addressing Example

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

15/65



DHCP

Expanded Definition

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)Server is a server-host which assigns (leases)available IP addresses on an as-needed basis

Might also work with other functions (e.g.: NetworkAddress Translation):

To dynamically assign non-routable (private)IP addresses on demand

To associate these non-routable addresses toa routable addresses

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

16/65



Assigning a Dynamic Address

A DHCP Server

A DHCP Server:

1) Receives requests from a host/device

2) Identifies and leases an address from the available

resources

3) Keeps track of expired leases to recoup resources

4) May be stand-alone or integrated

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

17/65



Network Support Elements

Firewall

Firewalls might filter:Viruses

Probes

IntrusionsBlocked Addresses

Spam

C A N O P Y

CMM

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

18/65




Network Address Translation (NAT)

A network may be assigned a small number of IP addresses

for all users

A NAT shares a group of public IP addresses among its

user population

A NAT will link a public IP addresses with a local devices

private IP address

This link (or association) is created, kept, and released by

the NAT

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

19/65




Simple Network Management Protocol

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a method of

managing LANs via information exchanges

Devices being managed have 3 messages used to

give/receive information:

Get (Get information from a device) Set (Set a value/threshold to monitor)

Trap (Notify if x event happens)

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

20/65



IP Addressing

Domain Name Service

Problem: Humans dont speak 32-bit addresses and DDNs are hard to recall

Solution: Domain Name Registration

Each Top Level Domain (TLD) is operated by an entity which

coordinates domain names

Requests can be made by end users or competitive Accredited

Registrars

Domain Name: e.g. my.yahoo.com

Moves from more- to less-specific

Address depends on what is available within your Top

Level Domain (TLD)

-------------------------------------------------------------

-----------

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

21/65



Module 2Overview of RF Technologies

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

22/65



Digital Modulation of Symbols

Change One Property

Amplitude (i.e. signal strength levels)

Frequency (i.e. frequency levels)

Phase (i.e. phase positions)

Called shift key (2ASK, 2FSK, 2PSK)

0 1 0 1 0 1

1 symbol with 1 bit

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

23/65



Digital Modulation Pulses

One Symbol Two bits of information

Amplitude (4 amplitude levels 4ASK)

Frequency (4 frequency levels 4FSK)

Phase (4 phase positions 4PSK)

Twice the information rate with same range of frequencies

Example of 4FSK

1 110 1 00 0

1 symbol with 2 bits

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

24/65



RF Power

1

2

10

30

Wat t s dBm

10 log (Po/1X1 0 -3 )

33

40

100 50

0.1 20

0.001 0

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

25/65



DecibelsExamples

Gain

3dB = Double power

10dB = 10 Times

13dB = 20 Times

20dB = 100 Times

33dB = 2000 Times

Loss

3dB = Half power

10dB = One 10th

13dB = One 20th

20dB = One 100th

33dB = One 2000th

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

26/65



Frequency Attenuation

Low frequencies travel farther with less attenuation (weakening)

High frequencies travel shorter distances with greater

attenuation (weakening)

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

27/65



Is Rain Fade an Issue?

Little / no impact at 5GHz and 2.4GHz

During cloudburst conditions additional loss

is only 1 dB per mile at 5.8 GHz

No impact on 2.4GHz

Where can rain impact signal?

More relevant for frequencies above 11GHz

Up to 8 dB per mile additional loss at

11GHz

=7dB/mile

11GHzCloudburst

6GHz

Cloudburst

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

28/65



Generic Wireless System Components

A series of gains and losses in Wireless system

TransmissionLine (Loss)

Radio(Threshold)

Path

(Loss)

Radio(Output Power)

Antenna

(Gain)

Antenna

(Gain)


7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

29/65



Path loss

Path loss occurs due to: distance,fading, obstacles.The longer the link, or bigger the

obstacle the higher the path losswill be and the greater will be theeffect of fading.

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

30/65



Radio Basics: Fresnel Zone

Radio waves do not travel in straight lines The Fresnel Zone is the additional path clearance required in order

to achieve clear line of sight

Size of Fresnel Zone is determined by operating frequency and pathdistance

Obstacles in Fresnel Zone need to be taken into account

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

31/65



LoS, nLoS, and NLoS Definitions

Line-of-sight

Near-line-of-sight

Non-line-of-sight

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

32/65



Duplexing Options

Full and Half Duplex

Full duplex is communication in both directions at the same time

Half duplex is communication in one direction at a timeFDD and TDD

Frequency Division Duplex is where communications in each

direction use different frequencies Time Division Duplex is where communication in one direction

is at a different time than in the other direction, transmitting and

receiving at the same frequency

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

33/65



Types of Noise

Overview

Interference

Reflections of Signal Causing Multiple Paths at Receiver(Multipath)

Signals from other sources in the same frequency band

WeatherNoise

Lightning

Electric Motors & Generators

Vehicles

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

34/65



Signal to Noise Ratio

SNR Ratio of the power of the desired signal to all the electrical interference and

noise present at the receiver

Electrical interference has greater impact on receiver performance

Carrier to Interference Ratio is used in its place

The signal is the carrier frequency

Interference is co-channel interference

C/I Ratio-Carrier to Interference Ratio Receive Power level of the desired signal must be at a certain level

relative to the interference (usually expressed in dB)

Systems have a minimum C/I dependent on modulation scheme, power

level and other factors.

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

35/65



Channel #5Channel #4Channel #3Channel #2

OFDM

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Transmission is split into multiple (carefully selected) narrowband

sub-carriersEach sub-carrier has part of the information

All sub-carriers transmitted simultaneously

Channel #1

One Larger Channel

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

36/65



While the bands overlap they do not interfere with each

other

A single transmitter can transmit on dozens-to-thousands

of frequencies

OFDM

Saving Bandwidth and Increasing Throughput

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

37/65



Isotropic Point (Omnidirectional sphere)

Dipole (Omnidirectional doughnut)

Yagi

Parabolic dish

Flat Panel

Patch

Types of Antennas

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

38/65



Radio Basics: Effective Isotropic Radiated

Power (EIRP)EIRP = Transmit (Tx) power of the Radio

+ Gain of the Antenna (measured in dBi)

-Transmission loss (usually the loss of the cable)

Example EIRP Calculation

52dBmEIRP

- 1dBCable Loss

+ 28dBiAntenna Gain

25dBmTx Power

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

39/65



System Gain is the difference between the EIRP and lowest receivablesignal level

Total (Link) System Gain =t ransmit ter output power- Transmission loss+ transmitter antenna gain

+ receiver antenna gain- Transmission Loss+ receiver sensit ivit y / threshold

Single Radio (end) System Gain =

The dif ference between thet ransmit ter output power and thereceiver threshold (sensitivity)

System Gain Definitions


Radio(Threshol

d)

Radio(OutputPower)

Antenna(Gain)

Antenna(Gain)


7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

40/65



System Gain Example

Radio(Output Power)

Transmission Line(Loss)

Antenna(Gain)

Radio(Threshold)

Antenna(Gain)

Transmission Line(Loss)

48dBmEIRP

- 0dBTransmission Loss

+ 23dBiAntenna Gain

25dBmTx Power

-119dBmMinimum Receivelevel

- 0dBTransmission Loss

-96dBmReceive threshold

23dBiAntenna Gain

167dBSystem Gain(Difference betweenthe above figures)

-119dBm

Minimum Receivelevel

48dBmEIRP

Note:- Integrated Units Have no Transmission Loss

Li k B d C

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

41/65



Link Budget Concept

What Makes Up the Budget?

Link Budget is the enumeration of all the power gains and

losses: Tx, Transmitter power

Gt, Transmitter antenna gain

Gr, Receiver antenna gain

Rx, Receiver sensitivity FM, Fade Margin

Link Budget (dB) = Tx power (dBm) + TX antenna gain (dBi) + RX antenna

gain (dBi) - RX Sensitivity (dBm) - Fade Margin

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

42/65

Motorola: For General Business Use,MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006.

Module 3

Overview of

MOTOWi4 product portfolio

MOTO i4 S l ti

Solution Ecosystem

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

43/65

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point TrainingMOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006.

43

MOTOwi4 Solutions

TM

A comprehensive portfolio of wireless broadband solutions and services that deliver and extend coverage

WiMAX Mesh Indoor

IP ACCESS

SERVICES

Fixed

Motorola General Business Information, MOTOwi4 Wireless SP, Rev 1Add additional legal text here if required by your local Legal Counsel. MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2007

i4 Fi d C P i t t M lti i t

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

44/65


44

wi4 Fixed : Canopy Point-to-Multipoint

Proven Broadband Wireless Access SolutionCost-effective solutions to build and enhance high performing

wireless broadband networks and services utilizing unlicensed or

managed frequencies

(900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz)

Deployed in more than 120 countries by more than 3000 service providers since 2002

Strong ROI with demonstrated payback periods of less than one year for commercial deployments

Superior performance with best in industry latency and interference mitigation

Unmatched flexibility and scalability; No-touch upgrades

Provides broadband feed to BPL and Mesh solutions

MOTOROLA, the Stylized M Logo, and MOTOWI4 are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006

O i C A hit t

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

45/65


45

Overview: Canopy Architecture

Operators

IP Network

CMM

micro

SM

Router(Motorola

WA850)

Base

Station

Cluster

Six APs

SS

SS

Canopy Components

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

46/65


46

Canopy Components

Access Point Cluster(on a separate frequency band

than the Backhaul module)

GPS Antenna

PTP100 with Reflector

(View from rear of reflector)

Cluster Management Module

Canopy System

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

47/65


47

Canopy System

Unlicensed Frequencies Used

In AsiaPac Canopy uses

900 MHz (ANZ) 2.4 GHz

5.1 GHz

5.2 GHz 5.4 GHz

5.7 GHz

System Component Overview

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

48/65


48


Access Point (AP) Introduction

An Access Point is web-interface configurable base station

for a point-to-multipoint system The AP distributes data networking or Internet services to

users Subscriber Modules (SMs) across a 60 sector

The Canopy AP is limited to

200 SMs (fewer if usinghardware scheduling and high priority channel)


7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

49/65


49


Subscriber Module (SM) Introduction

A Subscriber Module is web-interface configurable Customer

Premises Equipment for user access to systemThe SM communicates with the Access Point (AP) for wireless

access to network resources

The SM is (usually) connected to the outside of a home/business high enough to be seen by the AP

CMMmicro

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

50/65


All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006. 50

CMMmicro

A Managed Switch

Managed 8-port Ethernet Switch

Override Switch GPS Receiver

DC Power Connectors (external

power supply)

GPS antenna connector Power cables in

GPS/CAT-5 data cables

(This CMM uses External Power

Adaptor(1))

2

1

4

3

5

6 7 7 7

wi4 Fixed: Point-to-Point

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

51/65



wi4 Fixed: Point-to-Point

Secure, Reliable, Point-to-Point IP ConnectivityReach new and challenging spaces by bridging and extending voice

and data networks, and enabling new applications and services

(2.4 GHz, 5 GHz)

High speed connectivity to challenging spaces including non line-of-site connections

Spanning distances up to 124 miles (200 kilometers)

Backhauling cellular sites and Mesh solutions

Bridging enterprise voice and data

Fast, efficient IP connectivity for temporary and disaster recovery deployments

Unlicensed backhaul for WiMAX networks


PTP Product family

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

52/65



PTP Product family

Currently, there are three families of products within the wi4

Fixed Point-to-Point offerings: PTP 100 Series (formerly the Canopy 10 and 20 Mbps

Backhaul Modules)

PTP 400 Series (formerly the Canopy 30 and 60 MbpsBackhaul Modules)

PTP 600 Series (formerly the Canopy 150 and 300 MbpsBackhaul Modules)

PTP 100 series

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

53/65



PTP 100 series

Operating in the 2.4, 5.1, 5.2,5.4 and 5.8 GHz frequencies

Distances upto 35 Miles

Designed to provide highly-reliable, line-of-sight (LOS)

connectivity for a variety ofapplications

Less than 5ms Latency

PTP 400 and PTP 600 Series

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

54/65



PTP 400 and PTP 600 Series

Operating Frequency bandsPTP 400 series available in 5.8GHz,

5.4GHz and 4.9GHz

PTP600 series Available in

5.8GHz,5.4GHz and 2.5GHz Maximum distance (subject to local

regulations) upto 200 km

Operates in LOS , nLOS, NLOS

conditions Available in Integrated and

Connectorised Models

wi4 Mesh

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

55/65



wi4 Mesh

Citywide Public and Private NetworksProviding fixed and mobile IP-based wireless networks for area-wide

coverage using WiFi and Public Safety frequency bands

(2.4 GHz, 4.9 GHz)

Solutions for Public Access, Public Safety, and Public Works

Fixed or truly mobile broadband connectivity options

Innovative, high performing networks

Proven Motorola technology, highly resilient to interference

Highly scalable solutions enable easy, cost-effective deployment


MOTOMESH Duo Network

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

56/65



MOTOMESH Duo Network

ComponentsNetwork Components

Intelligent Access Points (IAPs) connect to the wired world

Mesh Wireless Routers (MWRs) extend the network coverage

IAP and MWR: same hardware, different functionalityConfigured in the field

Support maximum data rates up to 54 Mbps

Client devicesAll standards-based 802.11 a/b/g cards

WDE1000 Dual 4.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz PCMCIA client access card

WDE1100 Dual 4.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz mini PCI client access card

Mesh ManagerEnterprise class network element management system

IAP and MWR Mesh Manager802.11 Cards WDE 1000 WDE 1100

MOTOMESH Duo Network Architecture

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

57/65



and Motorolas Wireless Broadband Components

Mesh Layer - Provides peer-to-peer communication between

the access points within the

network to forward data frames

to the gateway

Distribution Layer - Providescommunication between the

gateways

Backhaul Layer - Providescommunication to the Internet

and external network

Access Layer - 802.11wireless clients associate with

an Access Point

5.8 GHz 2.4 GHz

wi4 Broadband over Powerline

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

58/65



Plug In Connectivity Reaching New SpacesSolutions deliver broadband connectivity by combining innovative

wireless technology with widespread access through the electric grid

Solutions light up 3rd wire possibilities IP through powerlines

Simple, cost-effective extension to existing networks

Scalable and easy to deploy, with self-install CPE


Enable smart electric grid and new access for the community

Leverages proven technologies

P li MU S l i C

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

59/65



Powerline MU - Solution Components

Powerline MU Modem CPE and

Powerline-to-Ethernet adapter

Powerline MU Gateway Head-end and controller

for Powerline network

Powerline MU Hybrid Adapter Powerline Twisted

Pair adapter for utilizing unused phone lines to

connect the Canopy SM to the Powerline MU

Gateway, if needed - optional

Powerline MU Panel Extender Accessory to provide

coupling among up to 4 power distribution

(electrical panels) - optional

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

60/65

Motorola: For General Business Use,MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006.

Element Management

Prism

Effective Management

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

61/65

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point TrainingMOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006. 61

DESIGN MANAGE INSTALL MANAGE

Element Management- Prism

Monitor

network for

events and

alerts

Provision

equipment and

tiered services

Automaticallynotify network

managers and

technicians of

problems

History tracking

of all network

configuration

changes


7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

62/65

Motorola: For General Business Use, Point to Point Training

MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2006. 62

DESIGN MANAGEINSTALL

Deploy Tiered Services

Bandwidthservice plans

are defined

QoS

parameters

Associate

subscriberwith

equipment

and service

Manage

changes to

service plans

automatically

Manageoptional radio

features


7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

63/65



DESIGN MANAGEINSTALL

Monitoring the Network

Activities within the network being monitored, that are

recorded by the Prizm system.

Events

Initiated by elements, by the Prizm system,

or by users

Example Event

Filters

View all events that occur

within a certain time period

View all events with Warning

status that occurred in the past

12 hours

View all instances of

Performance degradation.

View all network elements

that are not available.

View all subscriber equipment

With marginal connectivity.

g1

Slide 63

g1 We reference the Prizm system here, but, we did not explain it earlier. Did I miss something?g3685c, 9/21/2007

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

64/65

g , / /

7/31/2019 CPT100-V2

65/65



Thanks for participating!

CPT100-V2

Documents

Transcript of CPT100-V2