CPS: Beyond Usability - Adam Bates · M. Saad Hussain - Presentation 1.pptx Author: Adam Bates...

CPS:BeyondUsability:ApplyingValueSensi8veDesignBasedMethodstoInves8gateDomainCharacteris8csforSecurityfor

ImplantableCardiacDevices(ACSAC‘14)

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TamaraDenning,BatyaFriedman,BrianGill,DanielB.Kramer,MaMhewR.Reynolds,TadayoshiKohno

PresentedBy:SaadHussain

•  Privateinforma8on– Obtainserialnumber,pa8entname,diagnosis

•  Healthimpacts– Turnofftherapies(defibrilla8on)

–  Inducecardiacfibrilla8on

WirelessICDSecurity&Impacts[Halperin2008][Gollakota2011]

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WirelessICDSecurity

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•  Needmoresecurity1.   Noindividualizedsecurity2.   Demonstratedsecurityvulnerabili9es

SecuringImplantableCardiacDevices

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Moresecurityisneeded


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•  Proposal:Passwordonfile


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•  E.g.Proposal:Passwordonfile

Cost:Inaccessibility–  Inemergencies–  Travel–  Switchingproviders



•  E.g.Proposal:Passwordonfile

Cost:Inaccessibility–  Inemergencies–  Travel–  Switchingproviders

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Security:TheScienceandArtofTradeoffs

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Security:TheScienceandArtofTradeoffs

SecuritySolu9on“Costs”

ValueofHuman“Assets”

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ImplantableCardiacDevices:BroaderContext

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•  Defensedesignsrequireinterac8onwithdomainexperts

•  Exploratorystudiessurfaceissues

Addi8onalElementstoconsiderduringDesign

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•  Stakeholders

•  StakeholderGoalsandValues

•  Implica8onsforValues

•  Communica8ngTechnicalConceptsinComprehensibleWays

Pa8entStudy

•  Semi---structuredinterviewswithpa8entswithIMDs

•  Inves8gatedpa8entvaluesandconcerns

•  Elicitedreac8onstosecuritysystemconcepts

[Denning2010]

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TheMedicalEcosystem:ManyRoles,ComplexInterac8ons

MedicalTechnicians

PrimaryCarePhysician

Electrophysiologist

AnesthesiologistImplan8ngSurgeon

DeviceManufacturerRepresenta8ve

NurseNursePrac88oner

CardiologistEmergencyRoomStaff

HospitalBilling FDA

InsuranceCompanies

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Qualita8veStudyDesign

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•  3Workshops:–  24providers–  Cardiologists,nurses,anesthesiologists,etc.

•  Workshopformatfacilitates:–  Interac8vediscourse–  Surfacingconsensus,tensions

•  GroupAc8vi8es&PaperInstruments

Framework:ValueSensi8veDesign[Friedman2006]

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AccountfordirectandindirectStakeholders

ValueDamsandFlows

WorkshopFormat

MetaphorGenera8onCri8quesandConcerns

•  StakeholderPerspec8ves• • • • Evalua8onofSecuritySystemConceptsOpen---endedDiscussion

[Kensing1991][Yoo2013]

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WorkshopFormat




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StakeholderPerspec8veDataAnalysis

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•  Open---endedanswersusedtodeveloptopiccategories

•  Independentresearcherusedcategoriestocodepar8cipantresponses

• Kappa=0.745–  >0.75isexcellentagreement–  0.40---0.75isintermediatetogood[Fleiss2003]–  0.61---0.80issubstan8alagreement[Landis1977]

StakeholderPerspec8veResultsInformSecurityDesign

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•  Access&Sharing•  Compa9bility•  CorrectUsage•  DeviceBaVeryLife•  DeviceCompactness/Inertness

•  DeviceEcosystem

•  DeviceFunc8onality•  Pa8ent/Pa8entHealth•  Programming•  QualityofData•  RemoteMonitoring•  Security&Privacy•  Surgery&Healing

StakeholderPerspec8veResultsInformSecurityDesign

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•  Access&Sharing•  Compa9bility•  CorrectUsage•  DeviceBaVeryLife•  DeviceCompactness/Inertness

•  DeviceEcosystem

•  DeviceFunc8onality•  Pa8ent/Pa8entHealth•  Programming•  QualityofData•  RemoteMonitoring•  Security&Privacy•  Surgery&Healing

?HumanAssets

?SecurityCosts

1.AssetswewanttoprotectfromaMack.

2.Costswewanttoavoid.

WorkshopFormat




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SecuritySystemConcepts

•  Surveyedliteratureforproposedsecuritysolu8ons

•  Choserepresenta8veconceptswith variedproper8es

•  Par8cipants:–  Providedoverallevalua8ons–  Commentedonproper8es

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SecuritySystemConcepts

DislikedSystemConcepts:UncoveringSecuritySystemCostsMedicalAlertBracelet

withPassword

?SecurityCosts

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MedicalAlertBracelet UV---VisibleTaMoowithPassword

DislikedSystemConcepts:UncoveringSecuritySystemCosts

?SecurityCosts

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[Denning2010][Schechter2010]

Cri8cality---AwareIMDMedicalAlertBracelet UV---VisibleTaMoowithPassword


?SecurityCosts

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[Denning2010][Schechter2010]

[Gupta2006]

↑ Facilitatesemergencyaccess↑ Reassurespa8ent↑ Notvisible

↑ Cheap↑ Nopa8enteffort↑ Alwayspresent

Posi9veProper9es(ofDislikedSystems)


?SecurityCosts

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Nega9veProper9es↓ Accessisnotguaranteed↓ Cultural,social,orpersonalobjec8ons↓ Broadcastspa8entcondi8ontoothers↓ Poten8alimpactonbaMerylife


?SecurityCosts

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LikedSystemConcept:UncoveringSecuritySystemCosts

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[Denning2008][Gollakota2011]

[Xu2011]

Fail---OpenWristbandwithSafetyFeatures

•  Presenceblocksunauthorizedaccess

•  Initsabsence,systemfailsintoanopenstate—acceptsallcommunica8ons

Fail---OpenWristbandwithSafetyFeatures

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↓ Security↓ Maintenance↓ 911falseposi8ves↓ Visualindicator↓ Training↓ Expense

↑ Fail---open↑ Safetyfeatures↑ Security↑ Empowerspa8ent↑ Visualcue

LikedSystemConcept:UncoveringSecuritySystemCosts

[Denning2008][Gollakota2011]

[Xu2011]

Human---CentricInves8ga8onIndicatesSecurityCoststoAvoid

SecuritySolu9onCosts

Inaccessibility

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Money(àà deniedclaims)

Pa8entcomfort+mentalhealth

Implantsize

BaMerylife Pa8entprivacy

Infec8on

Incompa8bility

DiscussionQues8ons

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•  Whatarethekeycontribu8onsofthispaper?

•  Shouldasecuritydesignhingeuponpa8entsbeingabletochoosewhetherornottheywishtocomply?

•  Whataretherepercussionsifacompany’sIMDisaMacked,andsecuritywasop8onal?

CPS: Beyond Usability - Adam Bates · M. Saad Hussain - Presentation 1.pptx Author: Adam Bates...

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