CPL Air LawATC Chapters 8

Aim

To review the Operations in uncontrolled airspace & uncontrolled aerodromes

Objectives1.Review VMC criteria for Class G airspace 2.Identify the minimum radio broadcasts required

in Class G airspace 3.Understand legal requirements for navigating in

Class G airspace 4.Explain the procedures in flying circuits at

uncontrolled aerodromes 5.Define SARTIME

1. VMC in Class G airspace

Altitude Visibility Cloud Separation

> 10’000ft 8km 1000ft above & below, 1500m horizontally

5000 - 10’000ft 5km 1000ft above & below, 1500m horizontally

< 3000ft AMSL or < 1500AGL 5km Clear of cloud

2. Radio requirements in Class G

Report: A mandatory radio transmission from an aircraft to an appropriate ATS

Broadcast: A radio transmission from an aircraft for the purposes of providing traffic advisory information

Requirements details in AIP ENR 1.1 para 20

Reports & Broadcasts

2. Radio requirements in Class G

A number of situations require a broadcast from pilots operating in Class G airspace (AIP ENR 1.1 para 20) on CTAF • Collision risk • Departing from aerodrome – during taxi • Entering or crossing a runway• Inbound – minimum 10nm radio call • Joining the circuit on a specific leg• Making a straight in approach

• 10nm radio broadcast • 3nm radio broadcast & stabilised • 1nm radio broadcast

• Flying thru vicinity of aerodrome

Glass G airspace broadcasts

Must however, give way to aircraft in the circuit

‘Vicinity’: means within 10nm of the aerodrome (AIP Gen 2.2 glossary)

Pilots of radio equipped aircraft must listen out and announce if in potential conflict. Pilots who are in conflict must acknowledge these broadcasts

(AIP ENR 1.1 para 43.1)

3. Navigating in Class G airspace

• At or Above 5000ft pilots are required to fly at hemispherical cruising levels

• Below 5000ft hemispherical cruising is not required, but preferred when at all possible

• Reduces risk of aircraft collision

• If below 5000ft then climbing above 5000ft, broadcast on FIA prior to changing, this will alert any IFR aircraft- • especially on a clear VMC day

Cruising Levels (ENR 1.7)

VFR EVENAltitudesPLUS 500’

0000

180-3590

VFR ODD Altitudes PLUS 500’

3. Navigating in Class G airspace

ENR 1.1 para 18 – 19• VFR aircraft must be able to navigate with reference to ground/water• A pilot must positively identify aircraft position every 30minutes • Positive fixing is passage over an NDB, VOR, DME• Intersection of 2 or more position lines intersecting no less than 45o

within each other • If both position lines are NDB’s, must be within 30nm of each other

Tracking tolerance & avoiding controlled airspace

• A flight path must not infringe controlled airspace by the following tolerances

NDB +- 6.9o

VOR +- 5.2o

Dead Reckoning +- 12o

Altitude Day Night

0 – 2000ft +- 1nm +-2 nm

2000-5000ft +- 2nm +- 3nm

5000-10000ft +- 4nm +- 5nm

Gliders +- 5nm n/a

4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures

• Uncontrolled aerodromes do not have control towers • They are located in Class G airspace • Communication is broadcast on the CTAF

Therefore…• Which aerodromes require carriage of a radio?

• All aerodromes except UNCR

Rules of uncontrolled aerodromes

No radio required

4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures

AIP ENR 1.1 para 39-47, Circuit CTAF arrival procedures• Default circuit direction is Left Hand, unless stated in ERSA• Max speed 200KIAS• Circuit Height:

• <55KIAS 500 AGL• 55-150KIAS 1000 AGL• >150KIAS 150 AGL

• The circuit size can be varied to suit the aircraft performance • Default CTAF is 126.7 (ENR 1.4 para 3.2), unless stated in ERSA• Transiting flights should monitor CTAF and advise position if in conflict

• Avoid flying at an altitude below 2000 AGL to avoid conflict when ever possible

Rules of uncontrolled aerodromes

4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures

AIP ENR 1.1 para 47.5, Circuit CTAF arrival procedures• Aircraft should circle & sight windsock 500ft above circuit height

• OR, at 2000 AGL for aerodromes with high performance aircraft• Eg: Mildura, Whyalla, Kingscote, Mount Gambier

• Maneuver as required to descend on the Dead Side of aerodrome to circuit height

• Join Midfield Crosswind, Crosswind, or if from Live Side at 45 degrees to Downwind.

Arrival - Overhead

05

1. Overfly 2000 AGL

2. Descent to circuit height on Dead Side

3. Join circuit

leg

4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures

AIP ENR 1.1 para 47.6• Not necessarily recommended, but more time efficient• Pilots on Straight In Approach MUST give way to aircraft in circuit• Transponder squawking & lights ON• Pilot must determine runway in use in advance, eg; smoke, AWIS, traffic• Radio call at 10nm• Radio call at 3nm & established on final • Radio call at 1nm & intentions

Arrival – Straight In

05

3nm radio call & established

on final

10nm radio call

Determine runway

1nm radio call & intentions

4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures

• Downwind, adjust spacing as required to suit performance of aircraft• If joining Downwind from Live Side, join at 45 degrees • Base joins are not prohibited, but not recommended, join 90degrees to

runway• Turn onto final should not be lower than 500ft AGL ~ 1.5nm from runway

Circuits – Live Side Joining

05No lower

than 500ft

90 o 45o

4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures

• Position aircraft on right side on runway to keep traffic & runway in sight • Position aircraft on the left side if right hand circuits are in use

• Monitor traffic & maintain separation whilst turning crosswind • Broadcast intentions on CTAF after go around

• AVIATE NAVIGATE COMMUNICATE

Go Arounds

05

4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures

• Depart circuit by extending the appropriate circuit leg • Turns contrary to circuit direction are prohibited unless beyond 3nm

from aerodrome, or until at overfly height (2000 AGL) • Broadcast on CTAF once departed

Departure

05

5. SARTIME

• SARTIME stands for Search And Rescue TIME• Used to allow emergency services know you have arrived safely at

destination • Should the elected SARTIME be breached, emergency services are

notified • After landing SARTIME should be cancelled as soon as practicable

1800 814 931• Cancellation can be done via radio with ATS, pilot “REQUEST TO

CANCEL SARTIME FOR USL ARRIVAL AT PARAFIELD TIME 0300utc”• ATC: “USL SARTIME FOR ARRIVAL AT PARAFIELD 0300 utc

CANCELLED”

AIP ENR 52.

Questions?