CPD: “Catalytic Pressure-less Depolymerisation” Diesel from waste

Process

Production of crude oil from organic material took place

millions of years ago naturally under these conditions: ◦ Catalyst was clay minerals (sediment). ◦ Ocean Temperature was 14-19 °C. ◦ Time required = 300 million years in catalytic layers.

Today this is replicated by reducing the time for the reaction

to 3 minutes, by changing the parameters to: ◦ 100 % crystallized ion-exchange catalysts instead of clay minerals. ◦ 300°C temperature and oil carrier fluid instead of water and ◦ High mixture speed of 300 rpm in a turbine instead of convection and diffusion, to enhance

reaction-contact.

CPD/ KDV Agency Rights & Agreements Various organisations have the rights for

marketing & distribution of the AlphaKat CPD

technology in Sub-Saharan Africa:

Amandla Resource Development Consortium

(ARDC) R/N 99/04303/23).

Agreements in place: ◦ Alphakat- ARDC since Nov 2012

◦ ARDC & SANERI 14-06-2011

◦ Other agreements direct with Alphakat pending / in progress.

Plant-Sizes / Options Model

CPD/ KDV

Litres/ Year

[8000 hr.]

Using MSW

Full Turnkey

Cost budget –

(in RSA)

Diesel Production cost € /

Litre typical

Add-on Power Plant

(Typically Genset or

Siemens Gas Turbine)

250 2,000,000 € 2.85 m € 0.62 / litre 400 KWe € 1,10 m

500 4,000,000 € 6,60 m € 0.50 / litre 1.25 MWe € 2,50 m

1000 8,000,000 € 12.00 m € 0.40 / litre 2.50 MWe € 5.0 m

2000 16,000,000 € 24.00 m € 0.37/ litre 6-8 MWe € 13-15 m

5000 40,000,000 € 60.00 m € 0.34/ Litre 14 MWe € 18-20 m

Model

[Production

litres/hr.]

Biomass

Dry-basis Tonne

8000 h/yr.

Biomass ex field:

tonne./yr.

(20% moisture).

Parasitic load in-plant

Litres/ year & MWe required from

built-in Genset using own diesel

KDV 250 6,400 8,000 200,000 litres 75 KWe

KDV 500 10,000 12,500 400,000 litres 0.25 MWe

KDV 1000 20,000 25,000 800,000 Litres 0.50 MWe

KDV 2000 40,000 50,000 1,600,000 litres 1.0 MWe

KDV 5000 100,000 125,000 4,000,000 litres 2.0 MWe

Conversion of Biomass to Diesel efficiency varies with different feedstock types & blends

Peripherals / Operational Requirements

For Turnkey offers, the following are included in the CAPEX:

Tank Farm for safe storage of the diesel Raw Material storage and handling to provide a feedstock buffer Land for the plant ranging from 0.5 Ha to 2.5 Ha according to plant size

(without storage). This item (land) is for client-supply! Admin buildings and amenities for plant personnel in budget are for prefab/

site camp to be retained for operational use/standard. Permanent constructed building extra

Accommodation for erection supervision engineers from Germany, crew for installation and commissioning for 12 weeks (up to 30 weeks each, for modular larger plants).

Unloading facilities at site / crane hire, to receive containerised equipment. Import Duty on imported content (maybe 2%) is budget only. VAT on initial base import is NOT INCLUDED (recoverable from SARS). Attendance of German Principal‟s supervision crew for the installation and

erection and for commissioning & client‟s personnel training.

Job-Creation Potential

Plant

Size

Direct in-Plant Feedstock

handling at

plant

Supply-side

feedstock manual

collection/ delivery

TOTALS

150 16 -20 6 -8 40-50 62-78

500 32 8 160 200

1000 42 12 320 374

2000 50 14 795 869

5000 84 24 1590 1698

Typical Operating/ Production Cost per Litre

Plant Size ZAR/ Litre Direct Operating Costs Excl: Fuel Taxes / Capital repayments

ZAR 12.00 = € 1.00 Feb 2013

150 6.50 to 7.00

500 5,02

1000 4,00

2500 3,30

5000 1.84

Variance Production cost is directly proportional to raw-

material input costs & will vary accordingly

Reference Operational Sites

COVANTA ENERGY USA: Boston USA KDV 500 MSW + over 120 new plants under construction incl. several for US Military.

KDV Iberica: Tarragona Spain KDV 2000 MSW

Canada: KDV 500 Electronic waste processing and noble metals recovery

Monterrey Mexico: KDV 1200 Waste oil re-processing upgraded to KDV 2000 (since 2004)

AlphaKat Germany: Italy, Finland, Poland, Hungary & Eastern Europe various installations.

Yie

lds a

nd

Varia

nces

Criteria EH Massbalance Energybalance

1. Input (see 1)

Waste mixture kg/TS 1560 7,16 MW

Mineral material kg 300

Catalyst kg 15

Lime kg 50

Water (15 %) kg 230

RESULT 2155 7,16 MW

2. Preprocessing + dewatering

Production of a slurry with

120°C temperature kg - 230 0,23 MW

RESULT

kg 1925 6,93 MW

3. Depolymerisation Distillation

Condenser (see part 2)

- CO2 kg - 466 0,20 MW

- Process water kg - 406 0,20 MW

- Diesel kg - 474 0,10 MW

Result: oil residue, catalyst, lime, Ash, other material

kg

579

6,43 MW

4. Veraschung

Condensate to slurry kg - 90 0,30 MW

Result: Ash, Catalyst, lime, other material kg 489 6,13 MW

5. Hydrofiner Diesels

- Sulfur kg 10 0,60 MW

- Water kg 45 0,10 MW

Result ing Energy; Ash as the residue

kg

434

5,43 MW

--

6. Result Diesel production kg 564 5,43 MW

% of the dried input material % 30,3 76,2 % v. Energyinput

Energy content/kg Diesel 0,96 MW

Yields and Variances cont.:

[Bone-dry Wood] Cellulose has the formulation:

C6H11O5; this will be changed in to

2,5 CO2, 3,5 CH2 and 4 H

The mass balance is as follows:

C6H11O5 has a molecular weight of : 163

The products: 2,5 CO 2 = 110

3,5 CH2 = 49

4 H = 4

This means only 32.5 weight% of the total mass of dry biologic waste will be

Diesel at the end, i.e.one tonne of dry bio-waste will produce 325 kg Diesel

under ideal conditions;

This means 325 kg / 0,833 = 390 Litres but must be corrected for moisture

content and other impurities such as ash etc.

The operational yields from the CPD process are determined by the type of feedstock, the moisture content and the presence of any “inert” non bio-combustibles.

CPD/ KDV Clean Diesel Specifications

When operated with the KDV Desulphurisation module (that is

supplied as „standard‟ for ARDC South African proposals), the quality

of the clean diesel, produced by the AlphaKat CDP/KDV plant, will

comply with EN-590 specifications, for direct “drop-in” [direct 100 %

- replacement] diesel fuel, that enables the use of Euro–V compliant

diesel engines that require >10 ppm S.

Near-equivalent to EN-590 is USA/ International ASTM D975 – 11 for

2011 type D1 = >15ppm sulphur content.

SANS 833 & 1935: these specifications for “FAME -BioDiesel”.

However, since CPD/ KDV is a Bio-GTL fuel, SANS 833 is not

considered an applicable specification.

ADVANTAGES of CPD/ Bio-GTL Diesel production (1)

CPD Bio-GTL diesel is a “Drop-In” fuel of EU 5 standard [EN 590] quality and also complies with the latest ASTM specifications & does not require blending, as with most other „FAME - Bio-diesel‟ types.

Meets already legislated requirements for inclusion of biofuels in the fuel pool for RSA 2017 Euro V target that favour FAME biodiesels only as “Blend-stock” - but prefer drop-in Bio-GTL fuels [CPD/KDV ] if they conform to clean diesel specifications : e.g. DIN-EN 590-2014 Euro VI.

Each plant has a tiny footprint and can be installed on-farm /at source and will not require extensive EIA since it can be an on-farm agri-processor that generates additional on-farm or very localised employment. Tank-farm requires EIA though.

Diesel storage / tank-farm will require full Enviro-compliance.

Requires absolutely NO WATER or external Electricity whatsoever for operation & is entirely self-sufficient & independent of municipal services.

Final policy on SARS Fuel-tax compliance is pending (end Feb 2013 in South Africa).

ADVANTAGES of CPD/ Bio-GTL Diesel production (2)

Is a closed-loop system and produces absolutely no atmospheric pollution.

Ash residues are „fertiliser‟ that can be returned to the farming community.

Project Funding: Can also be funded by EU Bank (against certain criteria / off-take assurance for example).

Licensing: We have supportive agreements with the principals & patent holders, enabling us to move forward.

Annual Forex saving: The manufacture of clean diesel from biowaste (size KDV 500) promises to save, on average; R21m per plant per year, in terms of Forex that would be required to purchase the oil that it replaces and also will qualify for CDM!

Power–Generation option: AlphaKat KDV plants can be supplied together with an integrated Genset or Turbo-alternator (for the larger plat sizes), to convert the diesel directly into electric power, for local or grid connection, if required.

CPD Plant Schematic Diagramme

Key Items [Refer previous Slide]

Distribution Agents (in KZN); Southern Africa for Alphakat™ CPD

/KDV processing equipment.

www.amandlaresources.com

CPD & other “Waste to Energy” Projects: System design, Project management, construction and operation.

and Implementation