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Heart Disease Awarenessfor Native American Women

by Cordelia Clapp, RN, BSNKaw Nation of Oklahoma

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Objectives

•Target cardiovascular healthof women

•Increased awareness of risk factorsfor diabetes and heart disease in Native American women

•Learn about preventing diabetes,heart disease, and contributinglifestyle factors

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New Awareness of Heart Disease in Women by Mayo Clinic 2003

• Nation’s No 1 killer of both men & women since 1910

•505,000 women will die of heart disease this year

•8 million women living with heart disease in the United States

•109,430 women in the state of Oklahoma are heart disease survivors

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From the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

2003

•38% of women (versus 25% of men) will die within one year of a recognized heart attack

•35% of women (versus 18% of men) heart attack survivors will have another heart attack within six years

•46% of women (versus 22% of men) heart attack survivors become disabled with heart failure within six years

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Explanation of gender disparities by CDC 2003

•Women receive only 34% of angioplasties, bypass surgeries and stents

•Women receive only 21% of implantable defibrillators

•Women receive only 33% of open-heart surgeries

•Women comprise only 25% of all cardiac research

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Heart Disease Mortality Trends from CDC 2002

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Why Women Don’t Take Action

Against Heart Disease

•Putting health as a top priority

•Belief of ageism-not old enough to be at risk

•Belief that it is a man’s disease

•Too busy to change our lives

•Already feeling stressed

•Feeling too tired

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U. S. Women Report from CDC 2003

•Deaths Among Women from Heart Disease, Breast & Lung Cancer:

•Heart Disease 505,000

•Breast Cancer 41,872

•Lung Cancer 65,052

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Risk factors for Risk factors for Heart Attack or Stroke

•Cigarette smoking•High blood cholesterol•High blood pressure•Physical inactivity•Obesity•Diabetes•Personal medical history

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Risk factors ofRisk factors ofCigarette Smoking and Tobacco Smoke

•Single most preventable causeof death in U.S.

•Damages artery walls and allows cholesterol to deposit

•Reduces HDL “good” cholesterol level

•Triggers formation of blood clots

•Disturbs heart rhythm causing sudden cardiac arrest

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Risk factors ofRisk factors ofHigh Blood Cholesterol

•High cholesterol is major risk factor for coronary heart disease and heart attack

•Secondary risk factor for stroke

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What is Cholesterol?

•Cholesterol is a soft fat-like substance found in blood andin all body cells

•Healthy level of cholesterolis needed for body to function normally

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2 Main Types of Cholesterol

LDL cholesterolLDL cholesterol is “bad cholesterol” that is deposited in artery walls, increasing buildup of plague

HDL cholesterolHDL cholesterol is “good cholesterol” that tends to carry excess cholesterol back to the liver where it is removed from body

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Know Your Cholesterol Numbers

•Total cholesterol <180 mg/dL

•LDL (bad cholesterol) <100 mg/dLis recommended

•HDL (good cholesterol) >45 mg/dLfor men and some experts say that HDL of 55 mg/dL is recommended for women

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Saturated Fats Raise Cholesterol

•Whole milk

•Cream

•Ice-cream

•Cheeses

•Butter

•Shortening

•Lard

•Coconut oils

•Coconut

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Fats that Raise Cholesterol

Dietary cholesterolfrom animals

•Meats

•Egg yolks

•Dairy products

•Organ meats

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Fats that Lower Cholesterol

Polyunsaturated fats

•Safflower

•Corn, soy and sunflower-seed oils

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Fats that Lower Cholesterol

Monounsaturated fats

•Olive oil

•Canola oil

•Peanut oil

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High Blood Pressure

•Causes heart to work harder than normal

•Causes heartand arteriesto be moreprone to injury

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Risks factors forRisks factors for High Blood Pressure

•Heart disease

•Stroke

•Kidneyfailure

•Congestiveheart failure

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Blood Pressure is Recordedin 2 Numbers – Learn Yours!

•Systolic pressure (higher number)is force on blood exerted by heartwhen it beats

•Diastolic pressure (lower number)is force when heart is at rest

•You have high blood pressure if ≥2 measurements are >140/90 mm Hg

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What is Blood pressure ?

•Blood pressure is force of blood against walls of your arteries

•Blood pressure is needed to move blood through your body

•High blood pressure is also called “hypertension” and puts you at risk for heart disease

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Blood Pressure Guidelines*

CateCateggororyy SSyystolicstolic DiastolicDiastolic

Normal <120 <180

Prehypertension120-139 80-89

Hypertension Stage 1 140-159 90-99 Stage 2 ≥160 ≥100

*Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure, May 2003

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Risk Factors ofRisk Factors ofHigh Blood Pressure

•Age

•Family history

•Race(minorities areat greater risk)

•Excess weight

•Stress

•Alcohol

•High salt intake (sodium)

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Physical Inactivity IncreasesYour Risk of Heart Disease

Exercise can help control

•Blood cholesterol

•Diabetes

•Obesity

•Blood pressure

•Reduces your risk of stroke

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EldersEldersExercising with Moderate Activities

Reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke by activities totaling 30 minutes each day

•Walking

•Gardening

•Housework

•Dancing

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Young AdultsYoung AdultsExercising with Vigorous Activities

Exercise for a total of 30-60 minutes,3-4 times per week

•Aerobic dancing

•Brisk walking/jogging/running

•Rowing/swimming/tennis/racquetball

•Soccer and basketball

•Conditions the heart and lungs

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Why Walk ?

• It uses up blood sugar• Walking uses up some of your

blood sugar for energy; the more you walk, the more you can lower your blood sugar

• It uses up fat• Walking can help you lose fat;

your body uses fat for energy during long walks

• It keeps your muscles and bones strong

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Health Problems fromObesity and Overweight

•High blood pressure•High blood cholesterol•High triglycerides•Diabetes•Heart disease•StrokeLosing 10-20 pounds can help

lower your heart disease and stroke risk

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Body Mass Index (BMI)(BMI)Risk Levels for Adults Only

HeiHeigghtht OverweiOverweigght (lb)ht (lb) Obese Obese (lb)(lb)

4 ft 10 in 119-142 >1425 ft 0 in 128-152 >1525 ft 2 in 136-163 >1635 ft 4 in 145-173 >1735 ft 6 in 155-185 >1855 ft 8 in 164-196 >1965 ft 10 in 174-208 >2086 ft 0 in 184-220 >220

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Mayo Clinic 2003Mayo Clinic 2003 New Awareness of Stroke Facts

• Nation’s no. 3 killer and most common cause of long-term disability

• Every 3.3 minutes someone dies of a stroke

• 700,000 people will have a stroke this year

• Every 45 seconds someone will havea stroke

• 29% of stroke victims are >65 years of age

• 4.7 million stroke survivors in U.S.

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Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs)(TIAs)

•Powerful warning sign for future stroke

•Stroke risk factor•One third of patients who have

a TIA have a stroke within 5 years

•TIA is a mini-stroke

If you suspect that you may have had signs/symptoms of a TIA but they’ve passed, see your doctor immediately

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Transient Ischemic AttacksTransient Ischemic Attacks Signs and Symptoms

• Temporary symptoms, usually lasting<1 hour and leaving no permanent effects

• Numbness to arm/leg/face on one side for several minutes, then recover

• Suddenly have trouble seeing• Feel dizzy and lose your balance,

thenfeel fine

Don’t ignore these symptoms!

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Learn How to Prevent Heart Attack or Stroke

•Work with your health care provider to evaluate the risk factors in your life

•Alter any lifestyle habits that increase your risk for heart disease and stroke

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Heart Attack Warning Signs

• Uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the center of the chest that lasts more than a few minutes or goes away and comes back

• Pain that spreads to the shoulders, neck or arms

• Chest discomfort with lightheadedness, fainting, sweating, nausea or shortness of breath

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Stroke Warning Signs

• Sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg, especially on 1 side of body

• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding

• Sudden trouble seeing in 1 or both eyes

• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination

• Sudden, severe headache

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6 Symptoms Not to Treat Yourself

•Feeling of pressure or squeezing in your chest

•Severe pain, especially in head, chest or radiating down 1 arm

•Blurred vision•Trouble talking or swallowing•Weakness or paralysis on one

side•Dizziness and confusion

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Summary

Diabetes, heart disease and stroke risks can all be reduced by the same methods

•Modify your diet

•Increase activity

•No smoking

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Summary

Parents can influence the risk for future generations by setting an example for their children and grandchildren

•Cook with low-fat methods

•Have healthy snacks – fruits, vegetables

•Walk and increase activity with family or friends

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Summary

•Know your blood pressure and cholesterol numbers

•See your health care provider immediately if you have signs or symptoms of a stroke or heart attack•Treatment is available to

reduce future attacks

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