PEACE OF PARIS

The Big Four- Britain- David Lloyd GeorgeFrance- Georges ClemenceauItaly- Orlando VittorioAmerica- Woodrow Wilson

Germany and Russia were not invited

PEACE OF PARIS

Collapsed EmpiresHohenzollern GermanyHapsburg Austria-Hungary Romanov Russia Ottoman Turkey

Results in national self-determination problems

EUROPE – BEFORE 1914

PEACE OF PARIS

Agenda- To repair political and economic fabric of ½ the world

To prevent a recurrence of the violence of World War I

PEACE OF PARIS

Secret diplomacy among the Euro powers

Oppression of ethnic minorities

Political system of autocracy Privileged elite

control the masses

Free and open negotiations

Map to be redrawn with consideration for ethnic self-determination

Institution of democracy throughout Europe

PEACE OF PARIS

Two hoped-for unintended legacies of World War IEternal peace among the

nations of the worldUniversal liberty for the people

of the worldGap between intent and

achievement of the Peace Settlement is what is most notable

EUROPE AFTER 1919

PEACE OF PARIS

League of Nations- April 28, 1919Right to national self-determination

went unrecognized in non-Euro nations of the colonial world Latin American and Asian nations pleaded

with the U.S., Britain, and France for self-determination, but were not granted their independence

Seemed as if Wilsonian principles were only reserved for white nations of the western world

PEACE OF PARIS

First casualty of Wilson’s plan was open negotiations for peaceBig Four held secret meetings with no

written record until Britain objectedCovenants/Treaties were nowhere

near “openly arrived at” as most were done secretly as had been the situation prior to the war

PEACE OF PARIS

The Big Four disregarded public opinion at home and only relied upon their closest advisors and themselves

Wilson overlooked the midterm elections in 1918 in which the Republicans gained Congress Who did not support his negotiationsLed by Senators Borah (ID) and Lodge

(MA)

PEACE OF PARIS

In America, Wilson returned home to a hostile Republican Senate who refused to give consent to the three treaties signed by himPeace treaty with Germany (Treaty of

Versailles) Territorial losses Reduce their army to 100,000 troops Reduce their navy Pay reparations to the Allied countries

Bilateral security treaty with FranceCovenant of the League of Nations

PEACE OF PARIS

Resulted in termination of America’s participation in the peacekeeping in Europe

Only aspect they agreed to was the military occupation of the RhinelandEnded prematurely also as they

pulled out in 1923

PEACE OF PARIS

The Allies began to fight amongst each other over pieces of the Settlement

Hostilities increased and led to the inability to later enforce the provisions of the Settlement

The Peace of Paris was doomed to failure due to the fact that it could not be executed (not because of its inherent problems)