CP Physics Final Exam Review 2 - Southington High … Physic Final Exam Review ! ... since the...

CP Physic Final Exam Review

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1. If two objects are electrically attracted to each other, a. both objects must be negatively charged. b. both objects must be positively charged. c. one object is negatively charged and the other object is positively charged. d. the objects could be electrically neutral. e. None of the above statements are absolutely true.

2. A plastic rod is charged up by rubbing a wool cloth, and brought to an initially neutral metallic

sphere that is insulated from ground. The sphere is a. is repelled by the rod. b. is attracted to the rod. c. feels no force due to the rod.

3. A plastic rod is charged up by rubbing a wool cloth, and brought to an initially neutral metallic

sphere that is insulated from ground. It is allowed to touch the sphere for a few seconds, and then is separated from the sphere by a small distance. After the rod is separated, the sphere

a. is repelled by the rod. b. is attracted to the rod. c. feels no force due to the rod.

4. Two tiny beads are 25 cm apart with no other charges or fields present. Bead A carries 10 µC

of charge and bead B carries 1 µC. Which one of the following statements is true about the magnitudes of the electric forces on these beads?

a. The force on A is 10 times the force on B. b. The force on B is 10 times the force on A. c. The force on A is exactly equal to the force on B. d. The force on A is 100 times the force on B. e. The force on B is 100 times the force on A.

5. Two point charges, Q1 and Q2, are separated by a distance R. If the magnitudes of both charges are doubled, what happens to the electrical force that each charge exerts on the other one?

a. It increases by a factor of 2. b. It increases by a factor of 4. c. It is reduced by a factor of 8. d. It increases by a factor of 16. e. It remains the same.

6. Which one of the arrows shown in the figure best

represents the direction of the electric field between the two uniformly charged metal plates?

a. A b. B c. C d. D e. None of the above

7. A hydrogen nucleus, which has a charge +e, is situated to the left of a carbon nucleus, which has a charge +6e. Which statement is true?

a. The electrical force experienced by the hydrogen nucleus is to the left, and the magnitude is equal to the force exerted on the carbon nucleus.

b. The electrical force experienced by the hydrogen nucleus is to the left, and the magnitude is greater than the force exerted on the carbon nucleus.

c. The electrical force experienced by the hydrogen nucleus is to the left, and the magnitude is less than the force exerted on the carbon nucleus.

d. The electrical force experienced by the hydrogen nucleus is to the right, and the magnitude is equal to the force exerted on the carbon nucleus.


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8. Two point charges, Q1 and Q2, are separated by a distance R. If the distance between the two spheres is doubled, what happens to the electrical force that each charge exerts on the other one?

a. It increases by a factor of 1/2. b. It increases by a factor of 1/4. c. It is reduced by a factor of 1/8. d. It increases by a factor of 1/16. e. It remains the same.

9. The electric field at point P due to a point charge Q a distance R away from P has a

magnitude E. If the charge Q is doubled, the magnitude of E a. It increases by a factor of 2. b. It increases by a factor of 4. c. It is reduced by a factor of 8. d. It increases by a factor of 16. e. It remains the same.

10. The electric field at point P due to a point charge Q a distance R away from P has a

magnitude E. If the distance is doubled, the magnitude of E a. It increases by a factor of 1/2. b. It increases by a factor of 1/4. c. It is reduced by a factor of 1/8. d. It increases by a factor of 1/16. e. It remains the same.

11. A student has a circuit that is missing a component at location X, as shown in the diagram

below.

The student wants component Y to warm up after the switch is closed. Which of the following components should the student add to the circuit at location X?

12. The current at point E is _________ compared to the current at point A? a. greater than b. Less than c. equal to d. can not determine

13. Which of the following will cause the current through an electrical circuit to

decrease? a. add a light bulb in parallel b. decrease the resistance c. increase the voltage d. increase the resistance

14. Three identical light bulbs are connected to a battery as shown at the right. Which one of the

following statements is true? a. All three bulbs will have the same brightness. b. The bulb between X and Y will be the brightest. c. The bulb between Y and Z will be the brightest. d. The bulb between Z and the battery will be the brightest.


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15. Compare circuit X and Y below. Each is powered by a 12-volt battery. The voltage drop across the 12-ohm resistor in circuit Y is ____ the voltage drop across the single resistor in X.

a. smaller than b. larger than c. the same as

16. A 12-V battery, a 12-ohm resistor and a light bulb are

connected as shown in circuit X. A 6-ohm resistor is added to the 12-ohm resistor and bulb to create circuit Y as shown. The bulb will appear ____.

a. dimmer in circuit X b. dimmer in circuit Y c. the same brightness in both circuits

17. A 12-V battery and a 12-ohm resistor are connected as shown in

circuit. A 6-ohm resistor is added to the 12-ohm resistor to create circuit Y as shown. The voltage drop across the 6-ohm resistor in circuit Y is ____ that across the resistor in X.

a. larger than b. smaller than c. the same as

18. Current I enters a resistor as shown. At which point is the potential higher, point A or at point

B? a. A b. B C. equal d. can not determine.

19. Current I enters a resistor as shown above. At which point is the current greater at point A or

at point B? a. A b. B c. equal d. can not determine.

20. When unequal resistors are connected in series across an ideal battery,

a. the same power is dissipated in each one. b. the potential difference across each is the same. c. the current flowing in each is the same. d. the equivalent resistance of the circuit is less than that of the smallest resistor. e. the equivalent resistance of the circuit is equal to the average of all the resistances.

21. When unequal resistors are connected in parallel in a circuit,

a. the same current always runs through each resistor. b. the potential drop is always the same across each resistor. c.the largest resistance has the largest current through it. d. the power generated in each resistor is the same.

22. Magnetic field lines travel from___________ a. north pole to south pole through the magnet b. in a circle around the entire magnet, while never touching the magnet c. south pole to north pole outside the magnet d. north pole to south pole outside the magnet


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23. What happens when a magnet is cut in half?

a. it becomes demagnetized b. You get one north and one south pole c. you get monopoles d. you get two magnets

24. Magnetic domain are _______ inside a magnet

a. scattered. b. Aligned c. Misaligned d. Random

25. Which of the following is not illustrated in the picture above?

a. A current causes a magnetic field b. A magnetic field caused by a wire is stronger closer to

the wire c. Magnetic field lines form closed loops d. Magnetic field lines point from north to south

26. If a nail that touches a magnet will

a. melt b. generate an electric current c. demagnetize the magnet d. become magnetized

27. If there were no current in the wire in the figure shown on the right, what would the direction of the magnetic force be?

a. up b. down c. left d. right e. no force

28. In the picture shown on the right of a current carrying wire,

what direction is the current in the wire?

a. left b. right c. up d. down e. unknown

29. Person X pushes twice as hard against a stationary brick wall as person Y. Which one of the

following statements is correct? A) Both do positive work, but person X does four times the work of person Y. B) Both do positive work, but person X does twice the work of person Y. C) Both do the same amount of positive work. D) Both do zero work. E) Both do positive work, but person X does one-half the work of person Y.


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30. If friction exerts a force on an object in the opposite direction as the displacement, the work it does on the object must be

A) negative. B) positive. C) The work could be either positive or negative, depending on the direction the object

moves. 31. You throw a baseball straight up. Compare the sign of the work done by gravity while the ball

goes up with the sign of the work done by gravity while it goes down. A) The work is positive on the way up and positive on the way down. B) The work is positive on the way up and negative on the way down. C) The work is negative on the way up and positive on the way down. D) The work is negative on the way up and on the way down because gravity is always

downward. 32. Which one has larger kinetic energy: a 500-kg object moving at 40 m/s or a 1000-kg object

moving at 20 m/s? A) The 500-kg object B) The 1000-kg object C) Both have the same kinetic energy. 33. Which requires more work, increasing a car's speed from 0 mph to 30 mph or from 50 mph to

60 mph? A) 0 mph to 30 mph B) 50 mph to 60 mph C) It is the same in both cases. 34. You and your friend, who weighs the same as you, want to go to the top of the Eiffel Tower.

Your friend takes the elevator straight up. You decide to walk up the spiral stairway, taking longer to do so. Compare the gravitational potential energy of you and your friend, after you both reach the top.

A) It is impossible to tell, since the times you both took are unknown. B) It is impossible to tell, since the distances you both traveled are unknown. C) Your friend's gravitational potential energy is greater than yours, because he got to the top

faster. D) Both of you have the same amount of gravitational potential energy at the top. E) Your gravitational potential energy is greater than that of your friend, because you traveled

a greater distance in getting to the top.


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35. The graphs shown show the magnitude F of the force exerted by a spring as a function of the distance x the spring has been stretched. For which one of the graphs does the spring obey Hooke's law?

A) Graph a B) Graph b C) Graph c D) Graph d E) Graph e 36. Swimmers at a water park have a choice of two frictionless water slides, as shown in the

figure. Although both slides drop over the same height h, slide 1 is straight while slide 2 is curved, dropping quickly at first and then leveling out. How does the speed v1 of a swimmer reaching the bottom of slide 1 compare with v2, the speed of a swimmer reaching the end of slide 2?

A) v1 > v2 B) v1 < v2 C) v1 = v2 D) The heavier swimmer will have a greater speed than the lighter swimmer, no matter which

slide he uses. E) No simple relationship exists between v1 and v2. 37. A lightweight object and a very heavy object are sliding with equal speeds along a level

frictionless surface. They both slide up the same frictionless hill with no air resistance. Which object rises to a greater height?

A) The heavy object, because it has greater initial kinetic energy. B) The light object, because gravity slows it down less. C) The lightweight object, because the force of gravity on it is less. D) The heavy object, because it has more mass to carry it up the hill. E) They both slide to exactly the same height.


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38. Two cyclists who weigh the same and have identical bicycles ride up the same mountain,

both starting at the same time. Joe rides straight up the mountain, and Bob rides up the longer road that has a lower grade. Joe gets to the top before Bob. Ignoring friction and wind resistance, which one of the following statements is true?

A) The amount of work done by Joe is equal to the amount of work done by Bob, but the average power exerted by Joe is greater than that of Bob.

B) The amount of work done by Joe is greater than the amount of work done by Bob, and the average power exerted by Joe is greater than that of Bob.

C) Bob and Joe exerted the same amount of work, and the average power of each cyclist was also the same.

D) The average power exerted by Bob and Joe was the same, but Joe exerted more work in getting there.

39. If you wanted to know how much the temperature of a particular piece of material would rise

when a known amount of heat was added to it, which of the following quantities would be most helpful to know?

A) initial temperature B) specific heat C) density D) coefficient of linear expansion E) thermal conductivity 40. On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is

due to the difference in which one of the following physical properties of these materials? A) density B) specific heat C) emissivity D) thermal conductivity E) mass 41. The process in which heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from one place to

another is known as A) conduction. B) convection. C) radiation.

42. Steam is being emitted from a pot of boiling water. Just above the water the temperature of the steam is which one of the following temperatures?

a) Below 100 oC

b) 100 oC

c) Above 100 oC


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A student slowly heats a beaker of a liquid on a hot plate. The liquid has a boiling point of 78°C. The student makes the graph shown below from the data she records as the liquid is heating.

43. Which of the following statements best describes what happens to the molecules of liquid

between 5 and 10 minutes of heating? A. The mass of the molecules increases. B. The molecules undergo a chemical change. C. The molecules change phase.

D. The average kinetic energy of the molecules decreases.

44. Hot cider is poured into a metal cup. Shortly thereafter, the handle of the cup becomes hot. This is due to the process of…

a. Conduction b. Convection c. Radiation d. Osmosis

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. E 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. E 38. A 39. B 40. D 41. B 42. B 43. C 44. A


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Problems: You must show all work and follow the problem solving procedure to receive credit.

1. How many electrons are necessary to produce 2.0 C of negative charge? n=1.25x1019 e-

2. Two electrons on the surface of a metal can are 20mm apart. What is the magnitude of the electric force that they exert on each other? F12=-F21=5.77x10-25N

3. When 1.0-µC point charge is 15 m from a second point charge, the force each one experiences a force of 1.0 µN. What is the magnitude of the second charge? q2=2.5x10-8C

4. An electron is placed in a uniform electric field of 4.5 x 104 N/C that points to the right. What are the magnitude and direction of the force on the electron? F=7.2x10-15N Left

5. The electric field at a point 2.8 cm from a small object points toward the object with a strength of 180,000 N/C. What is the object's charge q? q=1.6x10-8C

6. Two small identically charged balls are a certain distance apart. The vectors in the figure show the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic force on each ball due to the other one. Suppose that the charge on the left ball is now doubled (represented by two plus signs). Draw a diagram that represents the new electrostatic force on the two charges.

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7. The force of attraction that a -40.0 µC point charge exerts on a +108 µC point charge has magnitude 4.00 N. How far apart are these two charges? r12=3.12m

8. A proton is placed in an electric field of intensity 800 N/C. What are the magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the proton due to this field? (mass proton = 1.67 x 10-27kg) a=7.67x1010m/s2 Right

9. Two tiny particles having charges +20.0 µC and -8.00 µC are separated by a distance of 20.0 cm. What are the magnitude and direction of electric field midway between these two charges? ENET=2.5x107N/C Right

10. The potential difference between two square parallel plates is 4.00 V. If the plate separation is 6.00 cm and they each measure 1.5 m by 1.5 m, what is the magnitude of the electric field between the plates? E=66.67N/C

11. If 50 J of electric potential energy is stored when you move 10 C of charge from point A

to point B, what is the magnitude of the electric potential difference between points A and B? V=5.0V

12. 3. A space probe approaches a planet, taking measurements as it goes. If it detects a

potential difference of 6000 MV between the altitudes of 253,000 km and 276,000 km above the planet's surface, what is the approximate electric field strength produced by the planet at 264,500 km above the surface? Assume the electric field strength is approximately constant at these altitudes. E=22.68N/C


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13. 4. A battery maintains the electrical potential difference of 6.0-V between two large

parallel metal plates separated by 1.0 mm. What is the strength of the electric field between the plates? E=6.0x103N/C

14. Household circuits are often wired with two size wires: 12-gauge and 14-gauge. The 12-gauge wire has a diameter of 1/12 inch while the 14-gauge wire has a diameter of 1/14 inch. Thus, 12-gauge wire has a wider cross section than 14-gauge wire. A 20-Amp circuit used for wall receptacles should be wired using 12-gauge wire and a 15-Amp circuit used for lighting and fan circuits should be wired using 14-gauge wire. Explain the physics behind such an electrical code. Larger cross sectional area results in a lower overall resistance therefore the wire can support more current without overheating.

15. The diagram at the right depicts a conducting wire. Two cross-sectional areas are located 50 cm apart. Every 2.0 seconds, 10 C of charge flow through each of these areas. What is the current through the wire? I=5.0A

16. Calculate the resistance and the current of a 7.5-Watt night light bulb plugged into a US household outlet (120 V). R=1920ohms, i=0.0625A


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17. Determine the resistance of a 1-mile length of 12-gauge copper wire. Given: 1 mile = 1609 meters and diameter = 0.2117 cm. R=1.93ohms

18. If all of the resistors in this circuit are 150Ω, determine the equivalent resistance from point a to b. R=150ohms

19. A student performs an experiment to determine the relationships among voltage, current, and resistance. The student’s procedure includes the following steps. The table below shows the data collected. • Connect a 3.0 V battery to a 42 Ω resistor. • Measure the current using an ammeter and record the value. • Replace the 42 Ω resistor with a 54 Ω resistor, and then with a 66 Ω resistor, measuring and recording the current for each resistor.

Student Data

a. Draw the circuit diagram for the original circuit with the 42Ω resistor and 3.0V battery, include the ammeter and voltmeter.

b. Describe in words the relationship between current and resistance, as voltage is held constant. Current and resistance are inversely proportional.

20. The student will investigate these relationships further using a different experiment. a. Write a procedure the student could use to test the relationships among voltage, current, and resistance if the only materials available for use are three 3.0 V batteries, one 30 Ω resistor, wire, and an ammeter.

Resistance (Ω) Voltage (V) Current (I) 42 3.0 0.071 54 3.0 0.056 56 3.0 0.045


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b. Make a data table similar to the Student’s Data table above to show the expected current measurements for your procedure. 42 ohms 1.0V 1/42 A 42 ohms 2.0V 1/21A 42ohms 3.0V 1/14A c. Show your calculations and include units in your answer.

21. A long, straight wire is carrying a current of 5.81A in the positive x direction. What is the magnetic field 6.25 cm (in the positive y direction) from the wire? B=2.95X10-6T

22. The magnetic field due to the current in a long, straight wire is 8.0 µT at a distance of 4.0 cm from the center of the wire. What is the current in the wire? (µ0 = 4π × 10-7 T • m/A) I=1.6A

23. A magnetic field of 9.4 x 10-5 T is created by a 250 turn solenoid that is 25cm long. (a) What is the current required to produce the magnetic field in the solenoid? I=9.4X10-8A

(b) What will happen to the magnetic field if you double the number of turns? The magnitude of the magnetic field will double.

24. A straight wire that carries a 4.6-A current is in a uniform magnetic field oriented at right angles to the wire. If the magnetic field is 1.2 T and the force exerted on the wire is 0.60 N, what length of wire is in the magnetic field? L=0.109m


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25. Draw the magnetic field around the following items. Be sure to indicate the north and south poles of the magnet and directions of the magnetic fields. For the compass shown (as circles) indicate the direction of the needle, remember the painted pole is North.

a. Bar Magnet

b. Electromagnet

c. Wire with current out of the page

d. Wire with current parallel to the page going from right to left.

26. If we have multiple forces acting on an object simultaneously how can we fine the total amount of work done on the object? You could find the net force and then use the work equation or find the work done by each force and all the works together.


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27. You bring your car to the repair station to get some work done. The

attendant brings the car into the garage bay and places it on the hydraulic lift. How much work is done by the lift, when raising your 1600 kg automobile 3 meters? You must include a freebody diagram and show all of your work. W = 48,000J

28. Shown are two skeletons pushing against the same wall, neither one making

any headway against the other. If each applies a force of 53N and the wall is 0.20m thick, how much mechanical work is done by each skeleton? Show your calculations. W = 10.6J

29. Your car gets stuck on a muddy road so you and your friends decide to pull it out with a rope.

The A rope attached to a bumper of your 1100 kg car, the rope makes a 30o angle with respect to the ground. You and your friends apply a force of 600 N to the rope. The car is pulled a distance of 100 meters at a constant velocity.

a. Draw a freebody diagram of the situation.

b. How much work have you and your friends done? W=30,000J

c. How much work was done by gravity? W = 0J

d. How much work was done by the road? W = 0J

e. How much work was done by friction? W=-30,000J


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30. Potential energy is known as the energy of position, if you hold your physics book two

meters above the ground on earth and two meters above the surface of the moon, how does the potential energy compare. Explain your reasoning. Since acceleration due to gravity is greater on the earth so is the gravitational potential energy.

31. You decide to hike Mount Southington on Sunday afternoon with your dog. Before leaving you look up the vertical height of the mountain and find that the peak is 160m above sea level and the parking lot is 20m above sea level. What is the gravitational potential energy you gain from the parking lot to the summit? PE = 75460J if m=55kg

32. You have a 3m long spring, with a spring constant of 120n/m, which was stretched to the point where it stores 12kJ of energy. What is the total length of the spring? L = 17.1m

33. On average the mass of a passenger car is about 1500kg.

a. What is the kinetic energy of the car travelling at a highway speed of 65 mph (106km/hr)? KE=8,427,000J

b. How much work did the engine do to get the average passenger car to highway speed? W=8,427,000J

c. How much work must your breaks do to get the average passenger car from highway speed to a complete stop? W=-8,427,000J

34. A child does 350 J of work while pulling a box from the ground up to his tree house at a steady speed with a light rope. The tree house is above the ground. What is the mass of the box? m=8.75kg


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35. A traveler pulls on a suitcase strap at an angle 36° above the horizontal. If of work

are done by the strap while moving the suitcase a horizontal distance of what is the tension (force) in the strap? T=45.73N

36. When a car of mass accelerates from 10.0 m/s to some final speed, 4.00 x105 J of work are done. Find this final speed. v=26.37m/s

37. The figure shows a famous roller coaster ride. You can ignore friction. If the roller coaster leaves point Q from rest, what is its speed at the top of the 25-m peak (point S)? v=26.36m/s

KE + PEg + PEs + W = KE + PEg + PEs


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38. A 60-kg skier pushes off the top of a frictionless hill with an initial speed of 4.0 m/s. How fast will she be moving after dropping 10 m in elevation? Air resistance is negligible.

v=14.7m/s

39. Shown is a block on a frictionless ramp at a height of 5.0 meters above the ground. The 5.0kg block starting initially at rest goes down the ramp.

a.) How fast is the block going at the bottom of the ramp? v=10.0m/s

b.) How much energy is stored in the spring when it is fully compressed? PE=250J





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40. The filament of an incandescent light bulb has a temperature of about 4500°F, which is

close to the surface temperature of the Sun. What is the temperature in Celsius and Kelvin? T=2482°C

41. A high-pressure weather system moves into your area and increases the temperature by 29°C. What is the temperature in Fahrenheit? T=84.2°F

42. The original standard for the meter was a 1m long platinum rod (α = 9.0x10-6) maintained at a temperature of 21°C. How much larger would the rod be if it were taken outside on a 90°F day? L=0.0001m

43. A steel bridge rod (α = 13.0x10-6) is built in several sections, each with a length of 20m. The gap between each of these sections is 4cm at a temperature of 18°C. What is the maximum temperature the bridge can experience before this gap is gone? T=171.8°C

44. What final temperature do you expect if you mix 50 ml of water at 20 degrees Celsius with 200 ml of water at 30 degrees Celsius? T=28°C


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45. A student mixes 225 grams of hot water (60 ºC) with 25 grams of cold water (10 ºC). Initially, the student places one temperature sensor in the hot water and one sensor in the cold water and waits until the readings have stabilized. Then, the computer is started and after 5 seconds, the water is mixed together and both sensors are placed in the mixture. Make an accurate sketch of what the data would look like in this experiment. Make sure to label your graph and be as accurate as you can. T=55°C

46. Oxygen condenses into a liquid at approximately 90 K. What temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, does this correspond to? T=-297.67°F

47. A steel bridge is 1000 m long at -20°C in winter. What is the change in length when the temperature rises to 40°C in summer? The average coefficient of linear expansion of this steel is 11 × 10-6 K-1. L=0.66m

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48. At room temperature, a typical person loses energy to the surroundings at the rate of 62 W. If this energy loss has to be made up by an equivalent food intake, how many kilocalories (food calories) does this person need to consume every day just to make up this heat loss? (1 cal = 4.186 J) Q=1280kC

49. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of a 225-g lead ball from 15.0°C to 25.0°C? The specific heat of lead is 128 J/kg • K. Q=288J

50. How much heat must be removed from 456 g of water at 25.0°C to change it into ice at -10.0°C? The specific heat of ice is 2090 J/kg • K, the latent heat of fusion of water is 33.5 × 104 J/kg, and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg • K. Q=-190,950J

45. The highest recorded temperature on Earth was 136ºF, at Azizia, Libya, in 1922.

(a) Express this temperature in degrees Celsius. 43.56°C

(b) Express this temperature in degrees kelvins. 316.71K

46. A steel bridge is 1000 m long at -20°C in winter. What is the change in length when the

temperature rises to 40°C in summer? The average coefficient of linear expansion of this steel is 13 × 10-6 C-1. ΔL=0.78m


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47. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of a 225-g lead ball from 15.0°C to 25.0°C? Q=152,760J

48. How much heat must be removed from 456 g of water at 0°C to change it into ice? Q = 11,951,280J

49. A technician needs to determine the amount of energy required to evaporate a vat containing 12 kg of alcohol. The alcohol enters the vat at room temperature 20 oC. How much energy is required, in Joules, to evaporate?


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Essay Question: 51. Explain the different ways that an object can be charged, make sure to include each

method and an explanation why there is a transfer/separation of charge.

52. We say that electric fields emanate from positive charges and terminate on negative charges throughout all space. That being the case, is it possible for a location in space to be absence of an electric field? If so explain how. If not, explain why.

53. What examples (plural) do we have to confirm the existence of a magnetic field around a current carrying wire?

54. Compare and contrast a bar magnet with an electromagnetic. 55. Compare and contrast magnetic poles and electric charges. 56. We have shown that electricity can create magnetism and magnetism can create

electricity. Compare and contrast these two phenomena and state the relative importance of this relationship.


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57. The mechanical energy of a falling ball stays the same, even though it is constantly speeding up. Similarly, if you throw a ball upward, it slows down, even through its mechanical energy stays the same. Explain the physics of how this happens.

58. Compare and contrast Heat and Temperature.

59. Briefly explain why a typical mercury thermometer works the way it does.

60. When you boil water, the temperature remains the same, even though you continue to add heat. Explain where this heat energy is going if it doesn’t increase the temperature of the water.


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Material Freezing Point (Co) Lf (cal/g) Lf (Joules/kg) Alcohol (ethyl) -144 24.9 1.04 x 105

Ammonia -75 108 4.53 x 105 Mercury -39 2.8 0.117 x 105 Ethylene Glycol -12 42 1.76 x 105 Water 0 79.7 3.34 x 105 Tin 232 13.8 0.578 x 105 Lead 327 5.5 0.23 x 105 Aluminum 658 94 3.94 x 105

Material Boiling Point (oC) Lv (cal/g) Lv (Joules/kg) Ammonia -33 327 13.7 x 105 Acetone 56 125 5.25 x 105 Alcohol 78 204 8.55 x 105 Water 100 540 22.6 x 105 Ethylene Glycol 197 191 8 x 105 Mercury 357 70.6 2.96 x 105

Specific Heat of Common Substances

Material calorie

g oC Joule kg oC

Acetone 0.57 2390 Olive oil 0.47 1970 Mercury 0.033 138 Hydrogen 3.4 14,246 Helium 1.3 5450 Steam 0.48 2010 Nitrogen 0.24 1010 Air 0.24 1010 Oxygen 0.22 922 Water 1.00 4190 Alcohol (ethyl) 0.58 2430 Ice (at 0o

C) 0.5 2090 Wood 0.42 1760 Aluminum 0.215 900 Iron(Steel) 0.107 448 Brass 0.092 385 Lead 0.0305 128 Silver 0.056 234 Tin 0.055 230

CP Physics Final Exam Review 2 - Southington High … Physic Final Exam Review ! ... since the...

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