Online Version ISSN: 1314-412Xolume , Number

September 2012V 4 3

2012

Scope and policy of the journalAgricultural Science and Technology /AST/ – an International Scientific Journal of Agricultural and Technology Sciences is published in English in one volume of 4 issues per year, as a printed journal and in electronic form. The policy of the journal is to publish original papers, reviews and short communications covering the aspects of agriculture related with life sciences and modern technologies. It will offer opportunities to address the global needs relating to food and environment, health, exploit the technology to provide innovative products and sustainable development. Papers will be considered in aspects of both fundamental and applied science in the areas of Genetics and Breeding, Nutrition and Physiology, Production Systems, Agriculture and Environment and Product Quality and Safety. Other categories closely related to the above topics could be considered by the editors. The detailed information of the journal is available at the website. Proceedings of scientific meetings and conference reports will be considered for special issues.

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Editor-inChief

Tsanko YablanskiFaculty of AgricultureTrakia University, Stara ZagoraBulgaria

Co-Editor-in- Chief

Radoslav SlavovFaculty of AgricultureTrakia University, Stara ZagoraBulgaria

Editors and Sections

Genetics and Breading

Atanas Atanasov (Bulgaria)Ihsan Soysal (Turkey)Max Rothschild (USA)Stoicho Metodiev (Bulgaria)

Nutrition and Physiology

Nikolai Todorov (Bulgaria)Peter Surai (UK)Zervas Georgios (Greece)Ivan Varlyakov (Bulgaria)

Production Systems

Dimitar Pavlov (Bulgaria)Dimitar Panaiotov (Bulgaria)Banko Banev (Bulgaria)Georgy Zhelyazkov (Bulgaria)

Agriculture and Environment

Georgi Petkov (Bulgaria)Ramesh Kanwar (USA)

Product Quality and Safety

Marin Kabakchiev (Bulgaria)Stefan Denev (Bulgaria)Vasil Atanasov (Bulgaria)

English Editor

Yanka Ivanova (Bulgaria)

2012

Volume 4, Number 3September 2012

Online Version ISSN: 1314-412X

Stability of productiveness and technological qualities of diploid and triploid sugar beet varieties and hybrids

G. Kikindonov*

Agricultural Institute, 3 Tzar Simeon Veliki, 9700 Shumen, Bulgaria

Abstract. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera) is the culture used for crystal sugar production in the countries with moderate climate. It could be used as excellent succulent forage for ruminants and for preparation of sweet juice. Recently there has been an increasing interest in beets raw material for use in the bioethanol and biogas production. An assessment of the ecological plasticity of sugar beet varieties and hybrids has been made in the period 2008-2011. The tested diploid and triploid hybrids show stable high productivity in irrigation and non-irrigation conditions in different regions of the country, they are distinguished and uniform regarding the technological qualities.

Keywords: sugar beet, root yield, sugar content, white sugar

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 4, No 3, pp 201 - 202, 2012

K815 and IK1208 and of two certified monogerm triploid hybrids – Introductionthe varieties Radnevo and Peshtera, was carried out in 2008-2011 at the Experimental fields of the Territorial Trial Units (TTU) of IASAS Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, var. saccharifera) is the crop (Executive Agency Plant Variety Testing, Approbation and Seed providing raw material for the crystal sugar production in the Control) in Pavlikeni and Gorski Izvor (under irrigation conditions) countries of the moderate climatic zone. In our country its industrial and Brushlen, Radnevo and Burgas (in non-irrigation conditions). growth started in 1898, when the first sugar factory was built in Sofia. The monogermity of the hybrid seeds is over 98%, and the In the period 1971-1980 about 60000 ha of sugar beet were germination – over 90%. The trials have been arranged in block cultivated and 1 775000 t of beet roots and 173900 t of white crystal

2method, with area of the harvest plot 15 m , in four repetitions, with sugar were produced. In 2008 our country stopped sugar beet Group standard of certified sugar beet varieties. The soil type is cultivation for sugar production as Bulgaria withdrew its production

-1leached chernozem. Subject of discussion are root yield (t.ha ), quota. This makes us strongly dependent on the world production of sugar content (%), measured by the cold digestion method, and raw sugar and the rapidly increasing prices of the raw material on the

-1white sugar yield (t.ha ). A dispersion analysis of the test results has world markets (Kikindonov, 2011). Our country has the traditions and been made according to Lidanski (1988).favorable climatic conditions for growing sugar beet, and should

restore its production and processing. The byproducts of beet sugar production (slices and molasses) contain a lot of carbohydrates, they are rich in organic acids and mineral substances and are useful Results and discussionraw material nutrition media for a number of microbiological processes. On that basis bread yeast, citric acid, lysine, glutamine The tests at the TTU of IASAS give a very good idea about the acid, lactic acid, betaine, aminoacids, pectinous lime, Vitamin B , ecological plasticity of sugar beet hybrids. The conclusive results of 12

glycerin, essential oils, forage pastes, acetone, plastics, etc. can be the four-year tests are given in Table 1. The high productivity of the obtained. Recently there has been an increased interest in sugar diploid hybrid K815 is the first thing to be noted. Its root yield is higher beet as an excellent raw material for ethanol and biogas production. than the Standard's yield, with proven difference in the locations with

A group of the Plant Growing Department at the Agricultural non-irrigation conditions of beet growth. In the same units the root Institute – Shumen, makes efforts for preservation of the existing yield of both diploid hybrids is proved higher than the yield of the gene fund of multigerm and monogerm sugar beet forms. Together hybrid variety Peshtera. For a long time it has been considered that with the maintenance breeding of the commercial varieties' triploid sugar beet hybrids have higher productive potential (Antonov components, top-crosses for receiving new perspective sugar beet and Zakhariev, 1994). But certainly the breeding of diploid hybrids in hybrids are made (Uchkunov et al., 2006). The best hybrid the last years proves to be successful. And the proved higher yield combinations are included in Competitive variety trials in the system values of K815 under irrigation and in non-irrigation conditions of of IASAS. Results of such a four-year trial are reported in the present growing disprove the older understandings. The creation of highly research. productive diploid sugar beet varieties is a perspective direction of

our activity. Diploids tend to be more resistant to fungal diseases and seed production of hybrids at a diploid level is significantly cheaper. It is a well-known fact that diploid hybrid seeds have guaranteed

Material and methods higher sowing qualities (germination energy and germination) in the labs and in field conditions.

The economic qualities test of two monogerm diploid hybrids – All tested hybrids do not differ significantly regarding their sugar

201

* e-mail:gkikindonov@mail.bg

202

content. Under irrigation the values of the sugar content of the Conclusiontriploid hybrids are almost the same, while there is certain difference between the diploid hybrids, which is not in one and the same The tested diploid and triploid sugar beet hybrids manifest a direction under different growing conditions. Obviously the diploid stable high productivity under irrigation and in non-irrigation hybrid K815 reacts better to irrigation and has a more intensive conditions of growing in different regions of the country, they are synthesis of sugars. distinguished and uniform in their technological qualities.

The white sugar yield is a resultant index, reflecting in the best way the economic value of sugar beet hybrids. Here again the diploid hybrid K815 is to be outlined. The hybrid achieves higher white sugar Referencesyield under irrigation than the other tested diploid hybrid – IK1208. Expectedly stable high yield of white sugar shows the triploid variety

Antonov I and Zakhariev A, 1994. State and problems of sugar Radnevo, which remains a standard for tolerant to rhizomania

beet breeding in Bulgaria. Plant Sciences, 3-4, 97-101 (Bg).variety with high productivity on areas both infected and non-

Kikindonov G, 2011. Sugar beet – the better raw material for sugar infected with the disease.

production. Agrocompass, October, 2011, pp.58-61 (Bg).The analysis of the data for the various years of the tests in the

Lidanski T, 1988. Statistical methods in biology and agriculture. different regions and conditions of growing shows that between the

Zemizdat, Sofia, 135-183 (Bg).tested varieties there are significant differences regarding their

Uchkunov I, Uchkunova K and Kikindonov G, 2006. Productivity productivity and in their quality indices. The varieties and the hybrids

and sugar content of Bulgarian sugar beet varieties. Plant Sciences, in the tests have stable high productivity. With a well-organized seed

43, 1, 22-25 (Bg).production of these hybrids we could meet the necessities of our sugar industry, which could arise eventually with the liberalization of the regime in the Sugar sector, of high quality quantities of seeds.

Тable 1. Test of diploid and triploid sugar beet hybrids (2008 – 2011 , 5 locations of variety trials system of IASAS)

Hybrid

Standard

К 815

IK1208

Radnevo

Peshtera

p < 0.05

Standard

К 815

IK1208

Radnevo

Peshtera

p < 0.05

Standard

К 815

IK1208

Radnevo

Peshtera

p < 0.05

Sugar content

White sugar yield

Root yield

Irrigation conditions

t.ha-1

61.58

63.94

62.65

62.71

60.45

2.85

%

16.44

16.31

15.89

16.45

16.44

0.56

-1t.ha

7.98

8.25

7.69

8.10

7.86

0.42

% of St

100.0

103.8

101.7

101.8

98.2

4.1

% of St

100.0

99.2

96.7

100.1

99.9

3.9

% of St

100.0

103.4

96.4

101.5

98.5

5.1

-1t.ha

48.33

50.91

50.22

49.49

47.18

2.53

%

18.71

18.27

18.56

18.62

18.79

0.81

-1t.ha

6.78

6.86

6.60

6.88

6.68

0.40

% of St

100.0

105.3

103.9

102.4

97.6

4.4

% of St

100.0

97.6

99.2

99.6

100.4

4.5

% of St

100.0

101.2

97.3

101.5

98.5

5.9

Non-irrigation conditions

Genetics and Breeding

Genetic polymorphism of the melatonin receptor MT1 gene in four Bulgarian sheep breeds D. Hristova, S. Georgieva, Ts. Yablanski, S. Tanchev, R. Slavov, G. Bonev

Biochemical investigations on sunflower lines (Helianthus annuus L.) and their hybrid combinationsN. Nenova, E. Penchev, M. Drumeva

Development and testing of experimental sunflower hybrids obtained by using doubled haploid linesM. Drumeva

Stability of productiveness and technological qualities of diploid and triploid sugar beet varieties and hybridsG. Kikindonov

Morphometric characteristic of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) related to sex dimorphismI. Sirakov, Y. Staykov, E. Ivancheva, G. Nikolov, A. Atanasov

Correlations between grain yield and yield related traits in barley mutant lines B. Dyulgerova

Nutrition and Physiology

Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in calves after single subcutaneous application D. Dimitrova, P. Petkov, D. Tsoneva

Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in pigs after single intramuscular application

D. Dimitrova, V. Katsarov, D. Tsoneva

Age-related morphometric and weight parameters of third-eyelid (Harderian) gland in common bronze turkeys (Meleagris meleagris gallopavo)D. Dimitrov

Effect of dried distillers' grains with solubles from corn (ddgscc) fed on fattening lambsM. Yossifov, L. Kozelov, K. Dimov

Research on the stimulating effect of Tribulus terrestris on the oviparous activity of the queen beesI. Hristakov

Ethological parameters as markers of sheep welfareІ. Varlyakov, T. Slavov

Effect of dietary supplementation of dried distillers grains with solubles (Zarnela) on some rumen fermentation parameters in yearling sheep V. Radev

Production Systems

Performance of three commercial hybrid layers housed in conventional and enriched cage systemsH. Lukanov, D. Alexieva

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The evolution and current situation of sheep breeding in RomaniaI. Răducuţă

Effect of soil compaction on nodulation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)G. Milev, P. Yankov

Effect of biostimulator Aveikan on growth manifestations yield and phytosanitary status in leek variety Starozagorski 72S. Masheva, N. Valchev, V. Yankova

Influence of mineral fertilization on the harmful soil acidity and chemical composition of wine grape varietiesV. Valcheva, K. Trendafilov, S. Todorova

Studying the effect of irrigation furrows in maize grainA. Stoyanova, M. Georgiev, L. Plescuta

Chemical composition, nutritive value, energy yield and feed units of the winter pea grain grown after different predecessors using conventional and organic production M. Gerdgikova, M. Videva, D. Pavlov, A. Dobreva

Agriculture and Environment

Assessment of the physical-chemical status of surface water in lower part of Toundja river, BulgariaG. Mihaylova, G. Kostadinova, G. Petkov

Change of some chemical properties of alluvial-meadow soil (Mollic fluvisol) after long term fertilizationS. Todorova, N. Simeonova, K. Trendafilov, V. Valcheva

Investigation on the effect of the environment on some new common winter wheat varieties E. Penchev, K. Kostov, I. Stoeva, V. Dochev

Chemometrical analyses of Zn distribution between water and soil of dams in Chirpan Municipality, BulgariaN. Georgieva, Z. Yaneva, M. Todorova, R. Ivanova, N. Nizamov, P. Neicheva

Comparative ecological analysis of the types of pasture and swards in Sakar and Strandzha region V. Vateva, K. Stoeva

Product Quality and Safety

Physico-chemical quality characteristics of royal jelly from three regions of BulgariaR. Balkanska, I. Zhelyazkova, M. Ignatova

Microscopic method for qualification of the cut surface of white brined cheeseP. Boyanova, P. Panayotov, V. Ganchovska, A. Bosakova – Ardenska

Characterization of enzyme with carboxymethyl cellulase activity produced by Trichoderma reesei NRRL 3652B. Zhekova, G. Dobrev, V. Dobreva, M. Hadjikinova

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Investigations on production traits of mulard ducks with experimentally induced aflatoxicosis I. Valchev, N. Grozeva, L. Lazarov, D. Kanakov, Ts. Hristov, R. Binev, Y. Nikolov

Study on levels of some heavy metals in water and liver of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from waterbodies in Stara Zagora region, BulgariaV. Atanasov, E. Valkova, G. Kostadinova, G. Petkov, N. Georgieva, Ts. Yablanski, G.Nikolov

Comparative electronmicroscopical study of the enterocytes of the duodenum of the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and the wild type (Coturnix coturnix) R. Mihaylov, R. Dimitrov, V. Yordanova

CONTENTS 3 / 3

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 4, No 3, 2012

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thmance in dairy cows,IX International Conference on Production Diseases in Farm Animals, Sept.11 – 14, Berlin, Germany, p. 302 (Abstr.).Thesis:Penkov D, 2008. Estimation of metabolic energy and true digestibility of amino acids of some feeds in experiments with muscus duck (Carina moshata, L). Thesis for DSc. Agrarian University, Plovdiv, 314 pp.

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Volume 4, Number 3September 2012