Covalent Bonding 1-3

Covalent BondsSharing of electrons.All atoms still want a full outer shell.All formed molecules must have a

stable charge zero.Nonmetal to nonmetal.Hydrogen is a nonmetal and always

forms a covalent bond because hydrogen has no shell underneath to give away its only electron.

ExamplesH2

Examples

HCl

The electron sharing can be represented using an electron-dot diagram.

H H

H Cl

The combination of atoms formed by a covalent bond is called a molecule.

Examples

Polyatomic ionsName Formula

Ammonium NH4

Acetate C2H3O2

Chlorate ClO3

Hydrogen carbonate HCO3

Hydroxide OHNitrate NO3

Nitrite NO2

Carbonate CO3

Sulfate SO4

Sulfite SO3

phosphate PO4