CoursePack Geology I: Physical Geology Lab...Geology 1121 L Fall 2018 CoursePack Geology I: Physical...

Geology 1121 L Fall 2018

CoursePackGeology I: Physical Geology Lab

Newton Campus, Perimeter College, GSUPolly A. Bouker

In this course pack, you will find a schedule of lab exercises, instructions, assignment coversheets, and other necessary items for Physical Geology Lab.

Each lab has a cover page that should be attached to the papers you turn in to your professor.

NOTE: Several labs require basic unit conversions and other calculations. If you are in this course, you have already demonstrated that you have the necessary math skills for these labs, even if the type of problem is different from other problems you have solved.

GSU offers tutoring in the tutoring center and the Science Department offers assistance with various scientific questions in the “SCIENCE GROTTO.” The Grotto is staffed by scientists from various disciplines (biology, chemistry, physics), but anyone would be able to assist with calculations you may encounter.

A schedule for the semester is found on the next page.

Page � of �1 45


Date Topic CoursePack Page(s)

8/21 Syllabus, Lab Safety Contract

8/23 “Filling Your Geoscience Toolbox” Measurement and Unit Conversions

3

8/28 Plate Tectonics I 38

8/30 Plate Tectonics I

9/4 Minerals 12

9/6 Minerals

9/11 Igneous Rocks 13

9/13 Igneous Rocks

9/18 Topographic Maps (Exam 1 in lecture) 4

9/20 Topographic Maps

9/25 Sedimentary Rocks 19

9/27 Sedimentary Rocks and Review

10/2 MIDTERM EXAM

10/4 Metamorphic Rocks 20

10/9 SEMESTER MIDPOINT Metamorphic Rocks

10/11 Geologic Structures 21

10/16 Geologic Structures

10/18 Volcanic Ash (Exam 2 in lecture) 14

10/23 Georgia Geology 22

10/25 Georgia Geology

10/30 Water 28

11/1 Water

11/6 PROFESSOR BOUKER out of town NO LAB MEETING

11/8 Earthquakes 37

11/13 Earthquakes

11/15 Plate Tectonics II 45

11/27 Plate Tectonics II & Review (Exam 3 in Lecture)

11/29 FINAL EXAM

Page � of �2 45

*Dates and assignments are subject to change at the discretion of the

instructor

Course Outline: Keep a copy of this schedule available at all times so that you stay aware of important dates. There may not be in-class reminders.


Name (first and last):

Score:

Filling Your Geoscience Toolbox DUE AT START OF NEXT LAB PERIOD

Pre-Lab Assignment

• Read through the ENTIRE lab before coming to class. Lab exercises depend on you reading and following specific instructions and step-by-step procedures. You will need to be able to do this on your own, so being prepared ahead of time is very important.

In-Class Assignment

• 1.1 • A (first location only) • B• C (select 3 locations only)

• 1.2 A (1-11)• 1.4

• A • B • C (requires wood blocks and beakers) - TBD

• 1.6 Complete as HOMEWORK using “the math you need” links provided in the text as needed.

Notes:

Turn in all necessary pages from your lab manual IN PAGE ORDER with this COVERSHEET ON THE FRONT.

Page � of �3 45



Score:

Topographic Maps PRELAB DUE AT BEGINNING OF LAB

Pre-Lab Assignment

• Read through the ENTIRE lab before coming to class in both lab manuals.• Complete Pre-Lab assignment that follows here in the course pack. TURN IN AT BEGINNING

OF CLASS (WITHOUT COVERSHEET)

In-Class Assignment

USE A PENCIL• Complete the assignment found following the Pre-Lab here in the course pack.

Notes:

Turn in all necessary pages from your lab manual (in page order to avoid points reduction) with this coversheet attached.

The following pages are an excerpt from http://ung.edu/university-press/books/laboratory-manual-for-introductory-geology.php by Deline, Harris, and Tefend, University System of Georgia, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Page � of �4 45

http://ung.edu/university-press/books/laboratory-manual-for-introductory-geology.php



Topographic Maps Pre-Lab (this page only)Name: Score:

Topographic Maps LAB ExerciseName: Score:

Page � of �5 45


Maps will need to be viewed online using in lab laptops or your own computer at home if you need to finish. There are found at the end of the document found at the following link.

https://ung.edu/university-press/books/laboratory-manual-for-introductory-geology.php (CHAPTER 3)

Page � of �6 45

https://ung.edu/university-press/books/laboratory-manual-for-introductory-geology.php


Page � of �7 45


Page � of �8 45


Page � of �9 45


Page � of �10 45


Page � of �11 45



Score:Minerals

PRELAB DUE AT BEGINNING OF LABPre-Lab Assignment

• Read through the ENTIRE lab before coming to class.• Complete 3.1 & 3.2 - TURN IN AT BEGINNING OF CLASS

In-Class Assignment

USE A PENCIL• 3.4 (Sample numbers assigned in class)• 3.5 complete for homework if necessary

Notes:


Page � of �12 45



Score:Igneous Rocks


• Read through the ENTIRE lab before coming to class.• Complete 4.3, 4.5 (YES THESE ARE FROM LAB 4), 5.1 - TURN IN AT BEGINNING OF

CLASS

In-Class Assignment

USE A PENCIL• 5.3 A-E (requires sugar cubes and hotplate)• 5.4• 5.5 • 5.7 (Sample numbers assigned in class)• 5.8 Complete as HOMEWORK. This involves critical thinking and analysis. Don’t look for

quick and easy answers. It is not difficult. It just involves thinking.

Notes:


Page � of �13 45



Score:

Volcanic AshAPyroclas+cErup+onoccurredin1991fromMountPinatubointhePhilippineIslands

PartA.1.Belowisan“AshThicknessMap”,whereeachnumberedloca>onsgivesthethicknessoftheashincen>meters.

Drawcontourlinesshowingloca>onsonthesurfaceofthegroundwherethethicknessisconstantat50cm,40,30,20,10,and5cm.Thecontourlinesofequal“thickness”arecalledisopachcontours.KeepinmindthatthesourceoftheashisthecalderaofMt.Pinatuboandthatthewindshaveblownsomeoftheashouttosea.OnceyouhaveestablishedthecontourpaLernforthethickerdepositsontheLANDyouaretoextendthepaLernoverthewatertoshowtheapproximatethicknessofashthatwouldhavebeendepositedonthedeckofanyboatanchoredatanyloca>onintheSouthChinaSeaandtheManilaBay.

Page � of �14 45


2.WriteontheAshThicknessMaptoshowtheloca>onofthefollowingthreeci>es;notethattheloca>onsarealreadymarkedwithacircledstarontheisopachmap:

City: La>tude: Longitude: SanFernando 15o02’N 120o41’E Lubao 14o55’N 120o37’E Manila 14o37’N 120o58’E

3.Usingthebarscaleinthelowerle[cornerofthemap,approximatehowfaritisfromthecentralcalderatoeachofthefollowingloca>ons.

SanFernando=_______km. Lubao=_______km. Manila=_________km.

4.Usingyourcompletedcontourmapes>matethethicknessoftheashthatfelloneachcity.

SanFernando=_____ cm Lubao=______cm Manila=_______cm

5.ThepaLernoftheisopachcontoursindicatesthewindwasblowingduringthepyroclas>cerup>on.ThewindwasblowingTOWARDwhatcompassdirec>on?______Drawanarrowonyourcontourmaptoindicatethewinddirec>on.

6.UsetheisopachcontourpaLerntodeterminetheexpectedamountofashthatwouldhavefallenonthecityofManilaifthewindhadbeenblowingDIRECTLYtowardtheCity? ______________cm

7.Againusethescaleandmeasureperpendiculartothewinddirec>onanddeterminetheapproximatewidthoftheareathatwascoveredbymorethan5cmofash.__________kmwide

8.Themaximumamountofashthatcanbeplowedbackintoasoilandhaveitmaintainitsabilitytogrowcropsisabout5cm.Againusingthescaleandmeasuringperpendiculartothewinddirec>ondeterminethesurfaceareaofthelandthatwillnolongersupportfarming...hint,recallthattheareaofacircleisequaltoπr2(clearlyshowyourcalcula+ontoreceivecredit)

9.ExaminetheExplana>on(o[encalleda“legend”)andnotethespecialsymbolusedtoshowalahardeposit,whichisavolcanicmud-flowmadefromashmixingwithmeltedglacierwaters.ExaminethemapandexplainwhythelahardepositsdisplaysuchauniquepaLern.Inotherwords,whyaretheylocatedwheretheyarelocated?

Page � of �15 45


PartB:1.Usingamicroscopeexamineeachoftheashsamplessampledfromeachofthethreeci>esandrecordyourobserva>onsintheDataTablebelow.Notethegrainsizeandmakeageneraldescrip>onofthetexture(acomparisonofthethreesamples,i.e.whichoneiscoarsest,whichoneisfinest.)Rememberthatashfragmentsaregenerallyunder1mminsize,andmaterialupto1mmshouldbetermed“fine”.Lapilliaregrainslargerthan2mm.Thecomposi>onshouldbereportedastopercentofblackminerals,percentofwhiteminerals,andpercentofclearmineralgrains.

2.Whyisthereasizedifferencesbetweentheashsamples?Lookattheloca>onsonyourcontourmap.

3.Intheashsamplesyoushouldhavefoundsomelargercrystalsofsingleminerals.IftheMt.Pinatubolavaeruptedquicklyenoughtoformglass,explaintheoriginoftheselargercrystals.Inotherwords,howisitpossibletohavebothGLASSandMINERALS(crystalline)inthesameashfromthesameerup>on?Whatwouldthistexturebecalledinanigneousrock?

Citysampled: Texture1:Visual(Rank1=mostcoarse)

Texture2:Usingmicroscope.Es+mate%usingtoolatbackoflabmanual

Color/Composi+onEs+mate%usingtoolatbackoflabmanual

SanFernando Rank(1stto3rd) %ofashgreaterthan1mm: %White(feldspars)=

forcoarseness: %ofashlessthan1mm: %Black(ferromag.)=

%Colorless(quartz&glass)=

Lubao Rank(1stto3rd) %ofashgreaterthan1mm: %White(feldspars)=



Manila Rank(1stto3rd) %ofashgreaterthan1mm: %White(feldspars)=



Page � of �16 45


Sinceitissodifficulttoseefelsicvs.mafic...etc.asyoucantellfromthemicroscopeanalysisyouperformed,itiso[eneasiertodeterminethechemicalcompositonofanash,andthenplottwoofthechemicalcomponentsonagraphtodeterminethenameoftherockthathasbeenpulverizedtoashsizedpar>cles.Belowarefourchemicalcomposi>onsforfourdifferentvolcaniccenters.

ChemicalTablefortheComposi+onofVariousPyroclas+cErup+ons

� 4.DeterminearocknameforthelavaeruptedateachvolcaniccenterbytakingtheSiO2andK2OvaluesfromthetoptableandploqngthemintothevariousfieldsoftheLavaComposi>onDiagramabove.(ShowandlabelyourploLedpoi)

Mt.Pinatubo________________________ Kilauea_________________________

Mt.St.Helen’s______________________ TonanaRange_______________________

Weight% Mt.Pinatubo

Mt.St.Helen’s

Kilauea,HI ToanaRange,NV

SiO2 63.8 63.5 49.2 77

Al2O3 16.3 17.8 13.3 12.1

Fe2O3 4.2 4.8 10.9 1.1

MgO 2.3 2.1 10.4 0.1

CaO 5.2 5.1 10.9 0.6

Na2O 4.4 4.5 2.2 3.1

K2O 1.5 1.3 0.5 5.6

Erup>onTemp.oC 925 900 1200 740

Page � of �17 45


13.Ingeneral,thechemicalcomposi>onofmagmawilldictatehowexplosivetheerup>onoflavawillbe.MagmasofhigherSiO2contentaremoreviscous,possessacoolertemperatureat>meoferup>on,andaremosto[enassociatedwithmoreexplosivevolcanicerup>ons.Basedonthelavacomposi>onaldata(noteSiO2content),rankeachofthefourvolcaniceventsinorderofexpectedexplosiveness(LowesttoHighest)

14.Giventhesamevolumeofmagma,whatwouldtheerup>onofMt.PinatubohavebeenlikeifithadachemistrylikethelavasoftheToanaRange,Nevada.Commentontheexplosivityandtheamountofashproduced.

� Turn in all pages from ASH LAB (in page order to avoid points reduction).

Lowest � � Highest

Page � of �18 45



Score:Sedimentary Rocks


• Read through the ENTIRE lab before coming to class.• Complete 6.2 (REQUIRES GOOGLE EARTH - complete in computer lab if needed) - TURN

IN AT BEGINNING OF CLASS

In-Class Assignment

USE A PENCIL• 6.3 (need sandpaper)• 6.4 A (need whole shells)• 6.6 (Sample numbers assigned in class)• 6.7 (for HOMEWORK - refer to Sedimentary Structures and Bedforms earlier in chapter) - give

well thought out answers that indicate an analysis of what you see in the photograph.

Notes:


Page � of �19 45



Score:Metamorphic Rocks


• Read through the ENTIRE lab before coming to class.• Complete 7.2 - TURN IN AT BEGINNING OF CLASS

In-Class Assignment

USE A PENCIL• 7.4 (Samples assigned during lab meeting)• 7.5

Notes:


Page � of �20 45



Score:Geologic Structures


• View the pre-lab video by scanning the QR code on the first page of the lab reading in your lab manual before coming to class.

• Read through the ENTIRE lab before coming to class.• Complete 10.1 - TURN IN AT BEGINNING OF CLASS

In-Class Assignment

USE A PENCILQuestions assigned during class.• 10.2• 10.4• 10.5 B, D, E (You will only be using 3 models)• 10.6 Do as HOMEWORK if needed

Notes:


Page � of �21 45



Score:Georgia Geology

ThecolorsontheGeologicalHighwayMapoftheSoutheasternRegioncanbecorrelatedtothetypeofrock,theforma>onname,anditsageusingthekey“GeneralizedChartofSurfaceTimeandRockUnits”,locatedontheboLomcenterofthemap.ThekeyissubdividedintoregionsbasedupontheROCKTYPE(Igneous,Sedimentary,orMetamorphic)andtheSTATESwheretheyoccur.Whenyouseearockunitonthemap(suchastheredmPzginthePiedmontregion),findthecolumnlabeled"Georgia",andcarefullylookforthecolorandsymbol(mPzg).Alsonotethatalongthele[sideofthechartthereisageologic>mescale,whichwillhelpyoumakesenseofthesymbols.Inthiscase,mPzgmeans,"middlePaleozoicgranite".(Seeifyoucanfinditinthecolumnunderigneousrocks.)

1.Fromthecolorsonthemapandthekeyforthecolors,determinetheDOMINANTRockType(s)andAgesoftherockunitsineachprovince,andputtheminthechartbelow.Inaddi>ontworocksfromeachprovincearelocatedonthetableinthefrontoftheroom.Iden>fyeachrockbyname...suchasbasalt,orchert,ormarble...

Province DominateRock-(Ign.,Sed.,orMeta.)Nameoftworocksprovided...A&B

Ages(Eranamesonly)

CoastalPlain

DominantRockTypeis_________

RockA=_________________RockB=_________________

PiedmontDominantRockTypesare_________&___________

RockA=_________________RockB=_________________

BlueRidgeDominantRockTypeis_________

RockA=_________________RockB=_________________

ValleyandRidgeDominantRockTypeis_________

RockA=_________________RockB=_________________

Page � of �22 45


� 2.Forthesedimentaryrocks,thelegendshowsageneralizedstra+graphiccolumnwithlithologicsymbols.EachpaLernindicatesapar>cularrocktype(theseareshowninblackandwhiteintheLegendinthelowerle[partofthechart.(Dotsindicatesandstone,bricksindicatelimestone,etc.)IfyouplantotakeHistoricalGeology(GEOL1122),youwillwanttobecomefamiliarwiththesesymbols.

AppalachianPlateauDominantRockTypeis_________

RockA=_________________RockB=_________________

Province DominateRock-(Ign.,Sed.,orMeta.)Nameoftworocksprovided...A&B

Ages(Eranamesonly)

Page � of �23 45


Drawthelithologicsymbolsofthefollowingrocktypesinthespacesprovided:

3.Lookatthegeologiccross-sec>onandgreentectonicmapwiththelinesofthecross-sec>onsindicated,onthebackoftheSoutheasternRegionmap,andanswerthefollowingques>onsaboutgeologicstructures.

a.Whichphysiographicprovinceischaracterizedbyplutonsandfaults?

b.NotethattherocksoftheCoastalPlaindip(seechapteroncrustaldeforma>oninyourtextifyouneedareviewofthisterm).Inwhichcompassdirec>ondotheydip?

c.Whichprovinceischaracterizedbyfoldedrocksandthrustfaults?

d.LocatetheburiedTriassicRedBedsinthecrosssec>on.Whichprovincearetheyburiedbeneath?

Whattypeoffault(normalorreverse)boundstheedgesofthisburiedbasin?

4. a.FindtheChaLahoocheeRiveronthegeologicmap.Itrunsalongarela>velystraightlineacrossthestate.Thislineisafaultzone.Whatisitsname?(Itislabeledonthemap.)

b.Onyoursatelliteimage,carefullydrawthisfault,andlabelitwithitsname.

5. a.ThePiedmontandValleyandRidgeprovincesareseparatedbyafaultinnorthwesternGeorgia.Whatisitsname?(Itislabeledonthemap.)

b.Onthesatelliteimagelocatedonthenextpage,carefullydrawthisfault,andlabelitwithitsname.

6.TherearetwomajormountainousregionsinGeorgia,theBlueRidgeMountainsandtheValleyandRidge.Describe(compareandcontrast)theappearanceofthesetwoprovincesonthesatelliteimage.

Sandstone Siltstone Shale Limestone Dolomite Conglomerate

Page � of �24 45


�

7.ThecoastofGeorgiaismarkedbyaseriesofbarrierislands,o[encalled"SeaIslands". a.Lookingatthegeologicalmap,listthenamesofthese9islandsinorderfromnorthtosouth.

Page � of �25 45


b.Usingthemapcolorsandsymbols,whatisthe“Period”nameofthesedimentthatmakesuptheseislands?

8.Inland,within50milesofthecoast,isaseriesofsandyridgesthatparallelthecoastline.Theyarecoloreddarkorange,andeachridgehasitsownmapsymbol.(Example:Qwi=QuaternaryWicomico.FinditonthemapandinthechartattheboLombeforeproceedingfurther.TheywillbenearthetopoftheGeorgiaSedimentaryRockcolumnbecausetheyareyoung.)Eachofthesesandyridgesrepresentsanoldbarrierislandorbeachridgesfroma>mewhensealevelwashigherinthisarea.Usingthechartonthemap,listthenamesofeachoftheseoldshorelinesandridges.OneofthemisWicomico.Nowlistthenamesoftheother5ridges.

9.FindStoneMountainonthemap.ItisEASTofAtlanta,andisasmallredbodyelongatedinaneast-westdirec>on.Justtothele[ofitisitssymbol(Pzg).

a.Whatisitsage(Eranotdate)?

b.GivethenameoftherockthatmakesupStoneMountain?

c.Howlargeisthesurfacearea(insquaremiles,lengthxwidth)oftheStoneMountainForma>on?

(Lookforthemapscale.)Showyourwork.

d.IsStoneMountainastockorabatholith?

e.Fromanexamina>onofthegeologicmapandcross-sec>ons,wouldyouagreewiththestatementthatwesome>meshear,thattherockunitatStoneMountainextendsundermuchofGeorgia,andintootherneighboringstates?(Thisisacommonbeliefamongresidentsofthearea.)Isittrueorfalse?Why?

f.Findthelargestgranitebodyinthestate.ItistheElbertongranite.(EastofAthens.)Howmanysquaremilesdoesitcover?Showyourwork.

e. IstheElbertongraniteastockorabatholith?

10.MarbleisminedinGeorgia.a.Marbleisthemetamorphosedequivalentofwhatsedimentaryrock?

b.WhichgeologicprovinceinGeorgiacontainsthemarbledeposits?(CheckthelegendunderMetamorphicRockstofindthemarble,thenlookforthatcolorandsymbolonthemap.)

c.OntheSoutheasternregionmap,marbleisthepurpleunitlabeled"Lpzm",LowerPaleozoicmarble.Itbelongstoapar>cularnamedforma>on.Checkthechartandgiveitsname.

Page � of �26 45


11.LocatetheTallulahFallsDomeontheSoutheasternRegionmap.ItisinthefarnortheasterncornerofGeorgia.

a.Studythediagramsofdomesinyourtextbookand/orlabmanual.Thendecidewhethertherocksexposedinthecenterofadomeareolderoryoungerthantherocksaroundtheedgeofadome.

b.InthecenteroftheTallulahFallsDomeisarockunitshownindarkyelloworlightorangeandlabeled"q".Itismetamorphic.FinditinthechartattheboLomofthemap.Fromthelistofnamesgivenbesidethissymbol,whatistheforma>onnameofthisrockunit?

12.LocatetheTowaligaFaultontheSoutheasternRegionmap.(ItisbetweenAtlantaandColumbus,GA).No>cethedarkyellowunitsofquartzitenearit(HollisQuartziteofthePineMountainGroup).TheHollisQuartziteunderliesPineMountainnearCallawayGardens.

a.DrawandLabeltheTowaligaFaultonyoursatelliteimage.

b.LabeltheHollisQuartziteonyoursatelliteimagebycoloringtheareaYellow.

13.WaterseepingdownalongtheTowaligafaultisheatedatgreatdepth,andthenmovesupwardthroughthequartzitedeposits.Thenaturallywarmwaterinthisareaproducesapar>culargeologicfeature,whichwasthereasonthatoneofourformerpresidentsmovedtothisarea.Thefeatureisalsothenameofatowninthisarea.Thereisahintonthebackofthemap(#20).

c.Whatisthegeologicfeatureproducedbythewater?________________________

d.WhowasthePresident?______________________________________________

e. Whydidhewanttobenearthispar>culargeologicfeature?

14.Kaolinite(kaolin)isminedinGeorgia.Itisusedinglossycoa>ngsonpaper,>remanufacturing,ceramics,etc.ThekaolindepositsareofCretaceousandTer>aryage.Findthemonthemap.Theyareshowningreenwithmapsymbol"Tku"(Ter>aryandCretaceousundifferen>ated).Inwhichphysiographicprovinceisthekaolinlocated?

15.ThedomeoftheStateCapitolinAtlantaiscoveredby43ounces(2.7lbs.)ofgoldthatwasminedinGeorgia,anddonatedbyci>zensin1956.Freshgoldwasreappliedin1981and1996.InwhatGeorgiacoun>eswasgoldmined?Ifyoucannotfinditonthemap,tryGoogle!

Turn in all pages from GEOLOGY OF GEORGIA LAB (in page order to avoid points reduction).

Page � of �27 45



Score:WATER

Pre-Lab Assignment

• Read through the ENTIRE lab before coming to class in BOTH lab manuals

In-Class Assignment:To complete this lab, you will need to follow along online using in lab laptops or your own computer at home if you need to finish. You will also need to use GOOGLE EARTH to complete all of the questions.


USE A PENCIL• Complete the assignment found on the following pages here in the course pack.

Notes:



Page � of �28 45





Page � of �29 45


For Questions 12-17, you will need to complete the chart and graph on the next page.

Page � of �30 45


Page � of �31 45


Page � of �32 45


Page � of �33 45


Page � of �34 45


Page � of �35 45


Page � of �36 45



Score:Earthquakes

Pre-Lab Assignment


• Read through the ENTIRE lab before coming to class.

In-Class Assignment

USE A PENCIL• 16.1• 16.2• 16.3• 16.4 Complete as HOMEWORK if needed

Notes:


Page � of �37 45



Score:Plate Tectonics I

Pre-Lab Assignment


• Read through the ENTIRE lab in both lab manuals before coming to class.

In-Class Assignment:To complete this lab, you will need to follow along online using in lab laptops or your own computer at home if you need to finish. You will also need to use GOOGLE EARTH to complete all of the questions.


USE A PENCIL• Complete the assignment found on the following pages here in the course pack.

Notes:



Page � of �38 45





Page � of �39 45



Page � of �40 45


Page � of �41 45


Page � of �42 45


Page � of �43 45


Page � of �44 45


Score:Plate Tectonics II

Pre-Lab Assignment


• Read through the ENTIRE lab in both lab manuals before coming to class.

In-Class Assignment:

**This lab is intended to include and summarize most of the plate tectonic concepts you have learned in your lecture this course this semester. It is long but it is very good material for solidifying your understanding of this important topic.

USE A PENCIL• Questions assigned during class.

Notes:

Page � of �45 45

CoursePack Geology I: Physical Geology Lab...Geology 1121 L Fall 2018 CoursePack Geology I: Physical...

Documents

Transcript of CoursePack Geology I: Physical Geology Lab...Geology 1121 L Fall 2018 CoursePack Geology I: Physical...