Annals of Library Science and Documentation1980, 27(1-4), 20-26.

COUPLING OF COMPUTER PROCESSEDINDEXES TO A PHOTOCOMPOSING UNITTO IMPROVE THE READABILITY

Presently available computer-assistedindexes and directories in Ind.ia are reproducedon large scale by offset-printir;g the lineprinter output which is limited to all-upper-case format urit ): a few important special- symcols.In the case of indexes of reserzrch journals thetext contains Greek symbols, super and subscripts"italic and bold types ,for which a number ofimprooi.eatione al'e to be made (e.g.render inqa chemical formula linearly as in CACL2) whileusing a l.inepr-inter output. This p"ape'rdescribesthe details of a prel.iminaru experimental projectundertaken to explore the possibility of improv-ing the readability of a computer assisted index(presently brought out by a line printer) bytaking the output onto a paper tape in a compa-tible manner that can be ,fed to a film setterdirectly to provide lower-case letters and italicfounts, with a flexibility of varying the pointsize.

INTRODUCTIONComputers have been pressed into service,

during last two decades, to bring out a varietyof indexes, directories and other useful listingsin the field of information dissemination. Not-able amonq them are the various services ofChemical Abstracts, Engineering Index, INSPECservices, etc. Starting with a modest all uppercase line printer outputs of author and keywordindexes they have gone a long way to computerizeeven the production of primary journals like theJournal of the American Chemical Society with allsorts of typographical variations. Some computer-assisted indexes and directories have been broughtout in India also by a few organizations concern-ed with scientific publications and informationdissemination (1-8). Obviously, the computer-

20

D.S.R. MURTYPIDHillside RoadNf!H'De/hi-llOOI2

ization aims at i) relieving the drudgery ofcompiling them by mechanizing the alphabetizationof the entries and attaching the titles to key-words repeatedly (in the case of KWOC typeindexes); ii) obtaining them quickly on a lineprinter to offsetprint bulk copies; iii) havingthe facility of cumulating the data on auxiliarydevices like magnetic tapes and discs, etc; andiv) using this store as data base by incorporat-ing additional data, where necessary.

In the Publications & InformationDirectorate (PID), the KWOC indexes of CSIRresearch journals are being brought out bycomputer since 1976. The data are cumulated onmagnetic tapes with a view to bringing out thecumulations at a suitable intervals. The key-word indexes of the Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsAbst~acts (MAPA) ,another service from PID, wasalso computerized since 1979. The keywordindex brought out by means of a line printer isgiven alongwith every bimonthly issue of MAPAand is cumulated in the final issue (i.e. Decem-ber issue) of the volume. The author indexof MAPA given once in a year along with theDecember issue is also brought out by thecomputer. The data for both author and keywordindexes are retained on magnetic tapes forfuture cumulated indexes.

In the above-mentioned applications, thecomputer output is to be obtained with a goodimpression every time to get a good offsetreproduction. Since the characters are producedby hammer impact on line printers, sometimesthey are worn off which again impairs thereproduction. The text contains Greek letters,super- and subscripts, italic names, bold typesto conform to some conventions, e.g. botanicalnames in italics, chemical symbols with upper

Ann Lib Sci Doc

COUPLING OF COMPUTER PROCESSED INDEXES

and lower letter combination .like Na, Cl. Ofcourse, in the early applications many improvisa;tions were effected by international computer-ised current awareness services usinq a 64-character line printer outputs in the interestof speedily bringing out these services.Aim of the Paper

It is, therefore, thought worthwhile toexplore the possibility of improving thereadability of the MAPA' computerized index bytaking up a feasibility study of coupling theindex output taken on to a paper tape (insteadof a conventional line printer) to a film-setterunit (e.g. Monotype 400/8). ·In the following,the preliminary results of this project arereported.PHOTOCOMPOSING :

The Monotype 400/B filmsetter (FS) avail-able at PID (being used for the bulk printin9of research journaic and allied publications)operates with an 8-channel paper tape 'usingASCII-7 codes. The paper tape input for the FSis prepared by trained operators using a 400 N/Jkeyboard wherein the data are punched in acontinuous manner intermixed with a wide varietyof machine commands. These commands include:1) switching over to one fount from other

say from Roman to, italics, bold, orGreek letters;Providing and can~lling indents;to left flush~ right flush and centre thematter in a given line width;to set the cnaracters in any point sizeranging from 5 pt to 24 pt size.to indicate t~Q column width say, inpicas; and .to justify the matter according to agJven column width.~or tul I details of these instructions,

the reader is advised to consult the relevantmanuals of the manufacturer.

The experimental project reported here,therefore, aimed at developing some programswhereby the MAPA index from a magnetic tapecan be output onto a paper tape as if that waspunched by an N/J operator for direct setting.If the index entries were to be set withoutcomputer processing, they are to be preparedmanually and alphabetized before passing tbemon to the operator. The operator then willhave to punch the entries incorporating therequired machine codes like left flush, rightflush, etc. Also reshuffling the data, cumulat-ing and sorting of the data cannot be carriedout by the manual method. Thus an attempt hasbeen made to couple the processing capacity of

2)3)

4)

5)

6)

Vol 27 Nos 1-4 (Mar - Dec ) 1980

a computer and the versatility of an FS for thepurpose of improving the readability of notbulkier volume of indexes required for massprinting at regular intervals while cumulatingthe data on magnetic tapes for fast searching,etc, at a later date when required.MAPA INDEX FDRMAT AND PROCESSING

The MAPA keyword index entries aregenerated on magnetic tapes as a 132-byterecords as shown in Fig 1 using ASCII-7 codes.The card design for generating the above fileis shown in Fig 2. From Fig 2 it can be seenthat the total length of the keyword and thecontext is limited to 70 bytes. But they areeach generated as a 60 byte field on magnetictape record (Fig 1). The records thus generat-ed are sorted by the keyword, context, and theabstract identification number as successivecontrol fields.

An output program prints out' the finalindex from the sorted tape file by a lineprinter in a 4" width column consolidatingthe entries having common keywords and/orcommon context as shown in Fig 3 a.

TRANSITION TO PHOTOCOMPOSINGAt this stage, a study has been made

as to how this output is to be transferred toa PT in a compatible manner that can be fed tothe FS 400/8. Naturally, a preliminary studywas made as to how key punch operator doesthis job when the alphabetized entries aregiven to him. In the case of a computerprocessing, these are processed ran~omly andcontrol information like the length of thekeyword, context, etc. is generated along withthe entries and the file is sorted intoalphabetical order after which it is outputby another program onto a line printer (seeFigs 1 & 3). The switch over to the PT wascarried out in a phased manner as explainedbelow.

Phase 1:

In the first phase a few data recordson magnetic tape (Fig 1) are just copied onto·a paper tape on a Hewlett - Packard (HP) 21MX computer supported by a paper tape reader(500 cps) and punch (75 cps) which usesASCII-7 codes. This output was fed as it isinto the FS supplying the control informationlike the point size, column width, etc.through the NJ/400 punching machine. Thiswas accepted by the filmsetter since it isalso based on ASCII-7 codes.

21

800203501114A""I "AJUS800l0'0722 8AHTHELl"IHTIC ACTIYITV800~04201916AHTIBIOTJ(- ACTIYITY800205601918BERBERIS~~HIlEHSIS9 00 ~ 0 36 11 r ~°BU TE A " 0 H0 SPE'R" A

S00203921510CAHNABIS SATIYAS00204421518AROIACACTIVITV9002044120 9CARDIAC HEKODVNA"ICSS00204451426CARDIOTOXICITY900203751011CARTHA"US8002Q3741620CERYICAL EROSlON800204251422CHS ACTIYITV80020'131314CORIAHOER OIL

IDENTIFICATIONEKlEllASAKBUCUS EBULUSLIGNANS, ALKALOIDSFLOWER PHAR~ACOGNOSVCHE"OTVPESPAHAX ROTOCIHSEHCCOKPOSlTACEPHALOTAKUS HARRINGTONIASCLEROOERUEUPHOBIA HERTIFOlr~ACACIA AURICULI.OR"ISUNUSUAL SAKPLE

1 - The format ~APA keyword index onmagnetic tape (Bytes 1-2 : Year, 3-4No; 5-8: Abst. No.; 9-10: Length of KW'11-12 : Length of context; 13-72: '

Keyword; 73-132 context).

Fig.

Col!.!!!!!1-2Hrs,10-80

DescriptionYearNo.Ab.traot Boo

1Keyword followed by a slashfollowed by the context.

Fig.2 - The card design for generating thp filein Fig.I.

Phase 2:

In the second phase the structurina ofthese entries onto PT with the FS codes asthey appear in Fig 3 is studied i.e. thekeyword in one line, the context in thenext line with an indent of about 1/2 em(one em = 1 ") d .o an putt1ng the abstract number(9 characters giving year, hyphen followed bythe 4-digit abstract number). A simple caseis reported here where a keyword and contextare not more than one line which is mostly the~ase in MAPA index entries; its column width is16 ems, and a width of 13 ems was used foraccommodating keyword and the context (thecontext having an indent approx. of 1 ) d'2 em an,3 ems were used to represent the 9-characterfield of the identification number (IN) but

22

tre~ting the whole column width as 16 ems theIN 1S right justified. Examining an entry inFig.3 b , it can be seen that one has to punchthe keyword "AMMI MAJUS" on paper tape followedby _a "fl us~ 1eft code" of the fn msetter (sayth is code 1s decimal 11 or OB hex) to 1eftjustify this entry and to go to the next lineadvancing the film feed. This should be follow-ed by two fixed spaces (to give the indent forthe context), the context, "IDENTIFICATION".I~ this line, this matter is to be left justi-~1ed! ~nd the IN, viz. 8002-0350 is to be rightJustlfled, suppressing the film feed so as to~et this in ?ne and the same line left justify-lng one portlon and right justifying theother as required. Thus one need to know alsot~e corresponding codes to cancel the line feed,rlg~t.flush and that of a selected fixed space.Deflnlng these codes absolutely in a computerprogra~, the entry (Fin 3 b) is to be structur-

Ann Lib Sci Doc

COUPLING OF C~PUTER PROCESSED INDEXESADHATODA YASICAANTHELMINTiC ACTIYITY9RONCHODILATIHG ACTIVIT~INFLORESCENCE,YASICINOHEHEHATICIOAt ACTIVITVADOHIS SIBIRICA .ECOLOGICALMORPHOLO~YADOHIS YERNALISCARDIAC GLYCOSIDE COHTEHTCULTIVATION fN HUNGARYGLVCOSIDE CONTENTADOHISIDEDETERHINATIOH .ADRENAL CYCLIC AMPEFFECT OF PAHAX ·GINSENGADSORPTIOH CHROMATOGRAPHYOLEORESIN SEPARATIONAE G L E "A R'ME LOSANTHELHINTIC ACTIYITYANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITYANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITYCHE"ICAL CONSTITUENTSFRUIT MORPHOLOGY,~ACRO AHOMICROF~UIT PULP,EXTRACTIOHLEAF AHD FRUITS,

C 0 H S TIT U E 11T SPRESERVATION 800~-1636,800~-1637STORAGE STUDIESAEGOPODIUI'I BURT'IESSENTIAL OIL, COMPOSITIONAECQPODIUH PODAGRARIAPHARI'IACOGHDSYAERVA PERSIC~ROOTS, FLAVONE GLVCOSIDEAFiOIHOSI[JE 8AhODEHDROH AFFINE. CARDIACk C T I II I T vAFLATOXIN-~RO~UCING FUNGIIkHIBITION BY ALLIUM CEPAAFLATO>( IHSAIi'EC(.ICfnF~HtJ

8002-03918002-03908001-01628006-19738005-1326

8004-11808004-097280~5-13578006-1')578002-0399800 Ii- 1,,') 5 1

8006-17958003-07748'006-17958003-08708001-00648001-02938003-08868005-1b358003-09608005-14648003-0688

8()03-0821

8002-05718003-07728003-0898

ABORTIFACIENT ACTIVITVSkIM"IA LAAUREOLAALSTONIA SCHOLARISANTIBACTERIALL ACTIVITYA""I "AJUSIOENTIFICATIOHAHTHELL"IHTIC ACTIVITYE"BELLAANTIBIOTIC ACTIYITYSAMBUCUS EBlILUS

BERBERIS CHILEHSISLIGHAHS, ALKALOIDSBUTEA 110HOSPERHA 'FLOWER PHARMACOGNOSY

CAHflA8IS SATIVACHEI10TVPES

ARDIAC ACTIVITVPRHAX ROTOGIHSEHG

CARDIAC HEMODYNAMICSCOI1POSITACARDIOTOXICITYCEPHALOTAXUS H~RRIHGTOHIACARTHAI'IUSSCLERODERH4CERYICAL EROSIONEUPHOBtA NERTIFOLIACNS ACTIVITVACACIA AURICULIFOkl1ISCORIAtlDER OILUNUSUAL SAllPLECYPERUS ROTUNDUSHORI10NAL ACTIVITY

Fig.3 - Sample of ~APA index obtained on a lineprinter.

ed by moving the appropriate codes as describedabove and then output this record on to a PT.Just as in the case of a line-printer output.the program has to take care of consolidatingthe conmon entri es under one keyword and !_consolidating the INs in the case of entrieshaving both keyword and context identical. AFortran-IV program (Program I) to generatesuch a paper tape output was developed andFig 4 shows a sample of the filmsetter outout.which contains. like the origin~l line-printeroutput the structured output of the index in allcapital letters set in 6 pt roman type with 16em column width.For limited volume of data. itis felt that this may be used to get goodreproduceable output for bulk copies ~ver- .coming the difficulties encou~te~d w1~h a llne-printer output described earller 1n thlS paper.Once the above program is finalized. it can beused to output hundreds of entries in a mannerpunched out manually by an operator man~ timesfaster and accurate as these codes are lncorpor-ated automatically by the computer.

Vol 27 Nos 1-4 (Mar - Dec) 1980

AMMI MAJUSIDENTIFICATION

ANTHEllMINTK ACTIVITYEMBEllA

ANTI BlOTI('" ACTIVITY

SAMBUCUS EBUlUSBERBERIS CHllE!'ooISIS

lIG~ANS. ALKALOIDSBUTEA MONOSPERMA

FLOWER PHARMACOGNOSY

CANNABIS SATIVACHEMOTYPES

ARDIAC ACTIVITYPANAX ROTOGI~SENG

CARDIAC HEMODYNAMICS

COMPOSITACARDIOTOXICITY

CEPHAlOfAXl)S HARRI!'\IGTONIA

CARTHAMUSSCLER()OERMA

('ER vleAl EROSIO"-l

EUPHOHIA '-iERHFOlIA(""IS :\CT1\'ITY

ACACt·, :\1 Rln 11i-(IRMISCORI."'I)I.K uu.

("l ~l. .\1. S.•\.\tPII

8002-06058002-045'48002-03508002-0607SI)02-0420

8002-05608()02-0361

8002-0392

80Q2-0442

8002-04418002- I) 4458002-03758002-0374,80~l-04258002-0b138002-0603

8002·0350

8002·0607

8002-0420

8002.()S60

8002,0)6'

8002.(1)92

8002-0441

8002-0441

8002·0)75

800~·OJ74

Fig.4 - Sample of the index given in ~ig.3 whenoutput by the filmsetter.

23

Phase 3 :In the next phase, an attempt has been

made to further improve the readability of theoutput by changing the text into lower caseletters, by modifying the Program I and keepingit as an option - supplied through controlinformation at the beginning of the program.To begin with, the first letter of the keywordand the context were retained as upper caseletters and the rest were converted uniformlyto lower case, except of course the specialsymbols and the blank character. The PToutput thus obtained was fed to the FS andFig 5 shows the resul t. It can be seen, froma comparison of Fig.4 and Fig.5, that the entry"Cns Acti vity " is not elegant as "Cn_sII lookslike a word and thus not giving the tullmeaning that it is used as an abbreviation,whereas in Fig 4, it can be taken for grantedin all upper case letter format.

Ammi majusIdentification

Anthdlmintic activityEmbelia

Antibiotic activitySambucus ebulus

Berberis chilensis

Lignans. alkaloidsButea monosperma

Rower ptlatmacognosyCannabis saliva

ChemotypesArdiac activity

Panax rcrogiesengCardiac hemodynamics

CompositeCardiotoxiciry

Cephalotaxus hamngtcntaCarthamus

SclerodermaCervical erosion

Euphobia nertifoliaCns acti,it)'

A"-iK"Ia auric..uliform'~COriander 011

Unusual sample

8002-035U

8002·0607

8002·0420

8002-0560

8002-0361

1l002· 0441

8002· 0445

NOO.!· flJ75

~OO.:!·lIJ74

Fig.5 - Sample of index shown in Fig.4 afterconversion to lower case letters.

To improve this situation, additionalcoding is incorporated in the input preparationA symbol ("@II is. chosen here) may be usedbefore the letter that should appear as acapital except in the case of first letter ofa keyword or context. Programme I is aqainmodified so that it recognizes the letters notto be converted into the corresponding lowercase letters. As pointed out earlier normallythe operator punching the text on PT forfilmsetting can give commands to switch OVtrchosen parts from Roman to italics, bold type,can set Greek letters, super and subscripts.In this project where limited computerprocessed data files were used to impro~e .readability of the output, one more varlat~onwas tried to obtain italic fount when requlred.

24

MURTY

Using the same MAPA keyword entriesfile, the following code was designed to get theoutput containing the upper and lower caseletters with italics type where desired(Fig 6). As explained above, '@' sign is usedto retain a capital letter. Thus the abbrevia-t ion in the example, "CNS ACTIV ITY II is codedas "C @ N @ S ACTIVITY". In col. 9 (see Fiq 2)digit 'I' is coded to indicate that it shouldbe in Roman fount and '2' to indicate that itshould be in italics. In the context," theportion to be rendered in italics is enclosedwithin ~ signs one at the beginning and one atthe end (see Fig 6). Program I was againmodified to include the absolute codes of call-ing the fount 1 (Roman) and fount 2 (italics)

'when necessary by means of the coding discussedabove. Also the code in col.9 of the codingsheet is transfered to the 60th character inthe keyword field in the tape format of inputfile (Fig 7) to enable the output program to·incorporate the necessary machine codes in thecase of an italic keyword.

The positions 41-59 in the keyword field(having a total 60 characters) are filled withthe portion of keyword starting from character1 onwards, stripping the '@' if any (Fig 7).This is done with a view to using this portionas the control field for sorting the keyword.The total effective characters of the keywordare thus reduced to 39 in this case. The totalfield of 60 characters can be increased if itis felt that keywords with more charactersare to be used in some other applications. Thesame procedure is repeated for the context byfilling the 41-60 positions of context takingcharacters from position 1 onwards stripping of'@' and '$' signs to serve as the second controlfield for sorting. (The examples shown'in thispaper are taken mostly from random entriesrather than a sorted file).

The PT output from this modified programwhen fed to the FS gave the output as shownin Fig 8.

CONCLUDING REMARKSThe preliminary results of the project

described here showed that the readability ofthe computer printed indexes, and other listingscan be improved by taking the output on apaper tape and feeding it to a filmsetter in acompatible manner containing the machine codesof the particular filmsetter. The data can becumulated on magnetic tape to enable them to besorted, merged and searched at a fast ratewhile the periodical outputs can be outputtedto the slow speed paper tape medium to be fedto the film setter in the interest of improving

Ann Lib Sci Doc

COUPL ING elf COMPUTER PROCESSED INDEXES

H002U 5D2ANKI MAJUS II~EHTIFICATIOH80020 071AHTHELLHIHTIC ACTIVITY/$QEMBELLA$80020 201ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY/$@SAMBUCUS EBULUS$en020 to2BERBERIS CHILENSlS ILICHAHS. ALKALOIDS80020 6!2BUTEA MOHOSPER~A IFLOWER PHARMACOGHOSY80020 922CAHHABIS SATIVA/CHE"OTYPES80020 421ARDIAC ACTIYITY/sPAHAX ROTOGIHSEHC$,80020 411CARDIAC HEMODYHAMICS/COMPOSITA80020 451CARDIOTDXICITY/S~CEPHALOTAXUS HARRIHGTOHIAf80020 ?52CARTHAMUS ISCLERODERMA800~0 741CERVICAL EROSIOH/$~EUPHOBIA HERTIFOLIAS80020 251C@H@S ACTIVITY/S@ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS$80020 131CORIAHDER OIL/UNUSUAL SAMPLE

Fig.6 - Sample of the extra coding modifyingthe design gi~en in Fig.2.

0003H

(1,)(,4

80Q2h~5eI114A"Ml MAJUS800~~(';221aA»THELLM1HTIC hCTIVITV

o Q (,'5 Bv 0;: 0) .;:;: v \ ~ 18 f; tt T i s i c r 1 C H C ~ I VI T YUSL.g rc ~ 8 ~ 02\ '."'·1 9 i e 8 E R 8 HI 5 ~: I L E tl S i S

o o o> 8i-:l')~: 1\ 7E 1172(lBUTE~ "O~IL.~PERl1qCOGHOSY0008 8Q02u:?21510CAHHABIB SATIVA

00D9 B0020"21519A~D1AC ACTIVITYs~~~o 8902",<120 9CARDIAC HE"O~YNA"ICS

o c i t 8!)()~I'~C:':1~2&c.ARDlorOXlCl T'1

H=:~1NG8QO~O!?~1011CARTHA~US0013 8002~:741622CERVICAL EROSIOH

I~g~!A 8DO~"-251424C@H@S ACTIVITYL~~?~"ISOO<'."~llt314CORIAHOER OILE

A""I MAJUS 210EHTlfiCAIIOHA"THEL~"IHTIC RCTIVIS@EHBEllASANTIBIOTIC ACT1VITYISfSAMBUCUS EBUlUSS8ERBERIS CHILENSIS 2LICHAHS. ALKALOIOSRUTER MGHOSPERHA 2FLOWER PHARMACOGNOSYCANNABIS SATIVA 2CHEHOTYPESARDIAC ACTIVITY l,PANAX ROTOCI~SEHGSCARDIAC HEHODYHAMIC!COHPOSITACAROIOTOXICITY !S'CEPHALOTAKUS HARRIHCTOHIA$CARTHAMUSCERVICAL EROSIOHCNS ACTIYITYCORIANDER 01'

2SClERODERftAlS.EUPHOBIA HERTIFOLIAS!,iACACIA AURICULIFOR"ISSlUIIU8UAL SA"PlE

Fig.7 - Modified tape format given in.Fig:lafter incorporating the extra codlng.

Ammi majusIdentification 8002-0350

Anthellmintic activityEmbelia 8002-0607

Antibiotic activitySambucus ebulus 8002-0420

Berberis chilensisLignansL alkaloids 8002-0560

Butea monospermaFlower pharmacognosy 8002-0361

Cannabis salivaChemotypes 8002-0392

Ardiac activitypanax rotogtnseng 8002-0442

Cardiac hemodynamicsComposita 8002-0441

CardiotoxicityCephalotaxus harringtonia 8002-0445

CarthamusScleroderma 8002-0375

Cervical erosionEuphobia nerufolia 8002-0374

CNS activityAcacia ouriculiformis 8002-0425

Coriander oilUnusual sample 8002-0613

Fig.8 Sample output of the filmsetter givingtypographical variations.

the readability of the hard copy required to beprinted on a large scale. This project wastaken up with a filmsetter taking the inputthrough a paper tape medium. But the speed of

Vol 27 Nos 1-4 (~ar - Dec) 1980

IOEHTlFICA-;IO-E"BElLASAMBU_CVS EBUlLICMAHS. AlKAHOYER PNRRMACHEHOHPESPAHAX ROTOGIH

.CO"POSI TACEPHALOTAKUSSCLERODERMAEUPHOBIA HERTACACIA AURICUUHUSUAL 5AftPL

outputting the index entries can be increasedby taking it onto a floppy disc and feedingit to a FS which can accept the flOP~y discinput though the filmsetting speedsepend ona particular type of equipment.

By introducing more coding ip the data.and modifying the Program I, the typographicalvariations like switching over to Greek letters,superscripts, subscripts and bold letters canalso be obtained. This work is in progressusing bigger size records of the presentlycomputerized PID journals' index files wherethe titles run from 50 to 300 characters.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author is grateful to Shri Y.R .Chadha, Chief Editor and Shri R.N. Sharma,Assistant Director, PID for oivino me -encouraoe-ment and facilities to take up this work and·for giving permission to publish this paper.His thanks are also due to ~r. P.N. Menon andhis colleagues in the Photocomposino Unit. PIDfor their cooperation in obtaining the film-setter output and Dr.P.S.Ty~gi and ~r.S.Kailash,

Computer Centre, Biophysics Division, AllIndia Institute of ~edical Sciences, for help-f'ul. discussions.

25

REFERENCES1. Murty D S R: Publication of KWOC index

of a research journal using IBM 1620.Anna 1s of Library Sci ence and Documenta-tion 1972, 19, 205-21.

2. Murty 0 S R , Arora A M: Processingof Union Catalogue of Serials data usingin IBM System 360 computer. Annals ofLibrary Science and Documentation 1974,21, 85-94.

3. Raizada A S Automation in documentation1. Union catalogue processing by digitalcomputer. Annals of Library Science andDocumentation 1964, 11(4), 54-76.

4. Raizada A S, Meena K: Preparation ofinformation for processing by computer.Annals of Library Science and Documenta-tion 1967, 14(1), 1-8.

26

MURTY

5. Raizada A S, Haravu L J, Sur S N: Authorindex to Indian Science Abstracts.Annals of Library Science and Documenta-tion 1967, 14(1), 9-19.

6. Raizada A S, Haravu L J, ~rora A M:Keyword index to Indian Science Abstracts.Annals of Library Science and Documenta-tion 1967, 14(1), 20-33.

7. Raizada A S, Haravu L J, Sur S N:Directory compilation by computer. Annalsof Library Science and Documentation 1967,14( 2), 89-101.

8. Venkataraman S, Neelamaghan A: Preparationof schedules-on-taps for synthesis ofclass number by computer. LibraryScience with a Slant to Documentation1969, 6(2), 130-40.

Ann Lib Sci Doc