COUNTRY BACKGROUND INFORMATION - WPRO · COUNTRY BACKGROUND INFORMATION ... After the collapse of...
11
WPRO NURSING DATABANK COUNTRY: MONGOLIA Date Printed: 30/10/2013 COUNTRY BACKGROUND INFORMATION Geography: Mongolia is a landlocked country located in North –East Asia bordering with Russia and China. The total territory of the country is 1.565 million Square kilometres. It is the nineteenth largest country in the world, but also it’s the least densely populated with approximately 1.6 persons per 1 sq km. Mongolia consists of 21 provinces and the capital city. Provinces are subdivided into (districts) numbering 343, which are further subdivided into bags (1277). Ulaanbaatar (UB) is the capital city and divided into 9 districts and numerous subdivisions. Mongolia has some unique demographic and environmental characteristics which impact health significantly by distance between provinces and sub provinces. Population By the end of 2012, the population of Mongolia reached 2 million and 867.7 thousand and it has increased by about 56.1 thousand people or by 2.0 percent, compared to the previous year. From the total population, 67.2 percent are living in cities, and the remaining 32.8 percent reside in the rural areas. Males comprise 48.6 percent of the population, while 51.4 percent are female. Currently, young people constitute the largest cohort in Mongolia. The goal of the state population policy for the period 2010-2015 is to create conditions for maintaining the average annual population growth rate at no less than 1.8 per cent. This is to be supported by related MDG’s goals such as reducing the mortality rates of infants and children under five years of age by one third and the maternal mortality rate by 50 per cent from the 1990 level and to increase life expectancy. In 2012, the average life expectancy at birth 68.71 years; making Mongolia the 133 rd country in the world in terms of life expectancy, compared to other countries' average life expectancy. Climate: Mongolia has continental climate with four distinct seasons. Temperatures in winter time are as low as - 20 0 to 25 0 C and between 20 0 to 30 0 C during the warm season. Culture and religion: After the collapse of the Mongol Empire established by Chinggis Khaan in 1291, Mongolia reverted to a largely nomadic, pastoral country. Two distinctive features of the Mongolian culture are the nomadic way of life and Tibetan Buddhism, widespread as a major religion in Mongolia. Livestock herding, the main source of the nomadic lifestyle, is another important trait of Mongolian culture. Mongolians have a history of raising and caring for their livestock. Horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and camels are praised as the "five treasures” Education: Educational achievement in Mongolia is high with a 97% adult population literacy rate. Government: Democratic political reform in 1990 began major transformations of all spheres of Mongolian life including management, financing and delivery of Health
Transcript of COUNTRY BACKGROUND INFORMATION - WPRO · COUNTRY BACKGROUND INFORMATION ... After the collapse of...
WPRO NURSING DATABANK
COUNTRY: MONGOLIA
Date Printed: 30/10/2013
COUNTRY BACKGROUND INFORMATION Geography: Mongolia is a landlocked country located in North –East Asia bordering with Russia and China. The total territory of the country is 1.565 million Square kilometres. It is the nineteenth largest country in the world, but also it’s the least densely populated with approximately 1.6 persons per 1 sq km. Mongolia consists of 21 provinces and the capital city. Provinces are subdivided into (districts) numbering 343, which are further subdivided into bags (1277). Ulaanbaatar (UB) is the capital city and divided into 9 districts and numerous subdivisions. Mongolia has some unique demographic and environmental characteristics which impact health significantly by distance between provinces and sub provinces. Population By the end of 2012, the population of Mongolia reached 2 million and 867.7 thousand and it has increased by about 56.1 thousand people or by 2.0 percent, compared to the previous year. From the total population, 67.2 percent are living in cities, and the remaining 32.8 percent reside in the rural areas. Males comprise 48.6 percent of the population, while 51.4 percent are female. Currently, young people constitute the largest cohort in Mongolia. The goal of the state population policy for the period 2010-2015 is to create conditions for maintaining the average annual population growth rate at no less than 1.8 per cent. This is to be supported by related MDG’s goals such as reducing the mortality rates of infants and children under five years of age by one third and the maternal mortality rate by 50 per cent from the 1990 level and to increase life expectancy. In 2012, the average life expectancy at birth 68.71 years; making Mongolia the 133
rd
country in the world in terms of life expectancy, compared to other countries' average life expectancy. Climate: Mongolia has continental climate with four distinct seasons. Temperatures in winter time are as low as - 20
0 to 25
0 C and between 20
0 to 30
0 C during the warm season.
Culture and religion: After the collapse of the Mongol Empire established by Chinggis Khaan in 1291, Mongolia reverted to a largely nomadic, pastoral country. Two distinctive features of the Mongolian culture are the nomadic way of life and Tibetan Buddhism, widespread as a major religion in Mongolia. Livestock herding, the main source of the nomadic lifestyle, is another important trait of Mongolian culture. Mongolians have a history of raising and caring for their livestock. Horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and camels are praised as the "five treasures”
Education: Educational achievement in Mongolia is high with a 97% adult population literacy rate. Government: Democratic political reform in 1990 began major transformations of all spheres of Mongolian life including management, financing and delivery of Health
COUNTRY: MONGOLIA
Page 2
services. Mongolia has a parliamentary system of government, with a 76-seat legislature called the State Ikh Khural. The leader of the majority party serves as a Prime Minister.
Women represent 62% of those with specialized education, 50% of those in paid employment and 48% of municipal council seats. This is one of the factors which could assist in health promotion activities and community participation for successfully improving individuals and communities to seek healthy lives. Health care system The health care system in Mongolia is characterized by three levels of care and services and its prevailing principle is to deliver an equitable, accessible and quality health care and services for every person. - Primary care and services are mainly placed in family practice entities in UB city and
sub province (soum) and inter-sub-provinces (inter soum) hospitals in local provinces named by aimags
· Secondary care and services are taken a place in district general hospitals in UB city and aimag general hospitals in local provinces,
· Tertiary care and services are placed in major hospitals and specialized professional centers in UB city.
Maternal Mortality Statistics for the last two decades show a steady decline of infant and under-five mortality rates per 1000 live births. In 2012, the infant mortality and under-five mortality rates per 1000 live births declined 4.7 and 4.1 times respectively compared to the rates in 1990.
Morbidity patterns of the total population in 2012. The following are the leading causes of population morbidity per 10 000 population in 2012:
- Diseases of the respiratory system (1099.44) - Diseases of the digestive system (1027.81) - Diseases of the genitourinary system (764.09) - Diseases of the circulatory system (817.03) - Poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (502.8)
Population Mortality in 2012. Diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasm’s and injuries remain the 3 leading causes of population mortality since 1995, and the number of deaths due to these diseases has been increasing every year. The following were the leading causes mortality in 2012 per 10 000 population:
· Diseases of the circulatory system (20.9), · Neoplasm’s (12.6), · Injuries and poisoning (11.3), · Diseases of the digestive system (5.3), · Diseases of the respiratory system (2.3)
COUNTRY: MONGOLIA
Page 3
1. Historical events in nursing
1926 1st nurse training: an assistant nurse training course for 3 months duration, with
26 people enrolled.
1929 1st National Medical Technical school established for 2 years training duration
/official nurse training started/
1962 Dornogobi Medical College founded. /For the south region/
1968 Gobi-Altai Medical College founded. /For the western region/
1969 Darkhan Medical College founded. /For the central region/
1969 Nurse teachers training started. Send professional nurse teachers training in Poland
1981-1982
The curriculum for nursing education was revised and a new programme for basic training of paediatric nurse was established.
1985 A separate Nursing School was established from the Medical Technical school in the Ulaanbaatar city.
1991 For the first time, a 3 month “Nursing management” training course for nursing managers were conducted at the Nursing School in Ulaanbaatar.
1991 Advanced Training Institute was established in Ulaanbaatar for postgraduate training of the Health workers.
1991 “Feldsher-nurse” training at the 2 Medical Technical schools and 1 Medical College in rural areas was initiated.
1992 Curriculum for ”Assistant Nurse” was developed and implemented.
1993 In considering an importance of the Nurse leaders, in 1993 the faculty of Nursing Manager was established at Medical Colleges. The nurses with at least one-year work experience were recruited to study to the faculty and in 1997 the first batch of graduates received their bachelor degrees. In 1998 two nurses gained masters degrees of nursing at the National Medical University (NMU).
1994 A three year Nurse Educator Programme was established at the Nursing School in Ulaanbaatar to prepare nurse educators in higher education.
1995 The new position of an officer responsible for nursing care and education was established at the Ministry of Health.
COUNTRY: MONGOLIA
Page 4
1995 Kathleen Fritsch, Nursing adviser from the World Health Organization worked as a consultant at the MOH and took part in nursing service policy revision discussions, including nursing education in Mongolia and made “Recommendations for Nursing' from as an International Nursing Officer in Mongolia.
1996 In 1996 the Mongolian Nurses Association was established, which was one more step forward in developing nursing care in Mongolia.
1996 The International Nurses Day (IND) was celebrated for the first time at national level in Mongolia, on 12 May 1996. IND is celebrated every year from this time in the country.
1997 The system of contracts with the National Medical University and Medical Colleges, the Regional Medical Colleges were re- launched under the National Medical University.
2000
The Center of Health Education Methodology and Health Management and Information Center were united into a new "Center of Health Management, Information and Education" Center under the supervision of the MOHSW. The new Center is responsible the accreditation of health organizations and licensing of medical workers, including nurses/, as well as for postgraduate training of nurses and other health workers at all levels; as well as the conducting health education to population.
2001 Mongolian Nurses Association became an official member to the International Council Nurses and approved the “Pledge of the Nurses” and “Code of Nurses," supported by ICN Policies.
2002 First National Nursing Congress was organized with the support of the ICN and WHO/WPRO, under the theme of “Nurses in the New Century”. The opening speech, entitled "Current International Nursing development” was made by Kathleen Fritsch, the WPRO Nursing advisor, and delivered to the nursing congress participants. “
2005 First policy documentation in nursing was approved by the Health Minister’s order of 223 of 2005, titled “Nursing Policy” from 2005-2015 in accordance with the WHO “Strategic Directions of Nursing and Midwifery Services” /2002-2008/
2006 Review of midwifery services in Mongolia undertaken by WHO
2008 34 national standards in nursing procedures were revised and approved by the National standardization organization of Mongolia
2012 Approved “Nursing development strategy” by the Health Minister
2012 Initiated “COPE” quality improvement tool into nursing practice
COUNTRY: MONGOLIA
Page 5
2013 National Meeting of “Nurses who are best in practice”
Organized “3rd
National Nursing congress” on the theme of “Equity and Access to Health care," organized by the Mongolian Nurses Association
2. Regulations and Laws 2.1 Type of regulation
Regulation focus Nurse categories
Title of Act or Law Year Regulatory authority
Definition of nurse and nursing, lisencure and accreditation
All Mongolian Health law 2011 Government of Mongolia
Diploma and bachelor, master, doctoral level of nurse education
All level of Nurse
preparation
Law of Higher Education 2001 Ministry of education
Nurse intake and planning for 4 years
All Health human resourse development policy /2010-2014/
2009 Ministry of Health
Job descriptions of the nurses
All Frame of job descriptions of the Health professionals
2012 Ministry of Health
Requirements of the newly graduators
All Requirements for some graduators in Health
2012 Ministry of Health
Nursing development strategy
All Nursing development strategy, 2012-2016
2012 Ministry of Health
2.2 Regulatory authority contact
Authority Address Phone number
Fax number.
e-mail address
Ya. Amarjargal Head, Department of Policy Coordination and Implementation, Ministry of Health, Olympic Str-2, Ulaanbaatar-48, Mongolia
+976-51 260474
COUNTRY: MONGOLIA
Page 6
2.3 License, Registration and Renewal system
By the Health Law /2011/ Nurses must renew the license every 5 years. Licensing body would be the Health Minister.
3. Nursing and Midwifery Associations
Name of Association
Address Phone No. Fax No. E-mail
Mongolian Nurses Association
№101. State 2nd
Hospital, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
President D. Nyamsuren
+976-99263317
- nyamaa@[email protected]
Midwifery Association
2nd
Maternity Hospital, Sukhebaatar duureg, Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
President S.Davaasuren
+976-99165858
4. Nurse leaders and/or focal points
Name and position title
Organization and Address
Phone number E-mail address
S.Altanbagana Officer, Policy Implementation and coordination for Nursing Services
Ulaanbaatar 210648, P.O.Box-78, Mongolia Ministry of Health Olympic Str. –2 Ulaanbaatar 210648
+976-99119733 [email protected] [email protected]
D. Nyamsuren President Mongolian Nurses Association
№101. State 2nd
Hospital, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
+976-99263317 nyamaa@[email protected]
COUNTRY: MONGOLIA
Page 7
President S. Davaasuren 2
nd Maternity
Hospital, Sukhebaatar duureg, Ulaanbaatar
2nd
Maternity Hospital, Sukhebaatar duureg, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
+976-99165858 [email protected]
5. Categories and functions of nurses, midwives
Category Entry requirement
Length of training
Level/Credential Description
Nurse with Bachelor Degree diploma
10 years basic education
or Nurses with Diploma
3 years
over 1.5 years
Bachelor Degree Diploma 120 credit
Bachelor Degree Diploma over 30 credit
Responsible for nursing administration and Work in senior positions as a nurse educators and manager of the Health Organizations
Nurse with Diploma
10 years basic education
3 years Diploma Nurse Work in all level of hospitals and Health Organizations for nursing care
Nurse of Trad.Med. with Diploma
10 years basic education
3 years Traditional medicine Diploma Nurse
Work in secondary and level hospitals or traditional medical service unit at private based Health Organizationst
Paramedical Workers with Diploma
10 years basic education
Over 3 years
Paramedical Personal Diploma
Laboratory personnel, X-ray, Dental Technicians and Pharmacist in all health care settings.
Assistant Nurses
8-10 years basic education
One year servise based training
Assist the nurses at all health organizations
COUNTRY: MONGOLIA
Page 8
6. Nursing and Midwifery Education
COUNTRY: MONGOLIA
Page 9
COUNTRY: MONGOLIA
Page 10
7. Resources available for other countries
Subject/Title Year published
Description Contact (Name,
Address, Telephone No., Fax No., E-mail,
etc.)
Nursing in the world
2008 Nursing data of the country The international
nursing foundation of Japan
8. Main nursing and midwifery issues/priorities
9. Important policies or strategies needed
• Consultant needed in Nursing education for nurse education reformation for:
• to revise nurse training program; • to prepare national nurse teachers; • to develop a national nurse training textbook included nursing basic theories' • to support the development of powerful nursing faculty; and • to reduce the gap between education and practice.
• Nurse leaders must be trained at all national level, and study in developed countries. Partnering is crucial in order to develop nursing education.
COUNTRY: MONGOLIA
Page 11
10. Does your country have National Health Plan and or Human resources for
Health strategy? How have Nursing and Midwifery workforce policies been integrated into this plan/s?
The “Health sector human resource development policy 2010-2014” is one of the strategic directions in Health human resource planning. This policy contains:
o Introduction o Current situation of health sector human resources o Health sector human resourve development policy o Planning of medical specialists until 2020.
This document analyses the current health human resourses in Mongolia, including nurses and midwifes, and plans for needs until 2020. The development policy includes a revised ”Nurses per doctors” ratio with the goal of reducing the number of doctors and increasing the number of nurses.
