Countries of the World (Gnv64)

8/2/2019 Countries of the World (Gnv64)

1/98


2/98

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e hape o the ah a remainedunanged, o milon o year, butnot o it map e map o te world iontanty angng a te boundareo ountie ange he boundae oold ountie rumbe, only to om newone, yet oter mege to om new,larger ountre ar and onltontanty edaw the boundary l ne oou wod map orld a i perapte bet exampe o ti

n moden tme, tenologa advane ave made u al neigbou ngle tou on te key pad, and peopethouand o mle away ae right beore u in an ntant e wold i hrinking to a lage vilage a gobal vl age

ven ten geographa boundaie

do ext better undetandng amongpeope about every land, t people, itway o e i dentely a need o tehour

h ue oel l e y take you toome o te ountre o te word you know, it an mpoble tak to ea-ture all the ountie in a ingle iue,but we have inluded the maximumnumbe pobe e ae plannng topubl anote tte oon, inluding theremainng ountie


4/98

W as Armeia eeiercel protectie o its cul-

ture a traitios?mena i loated n theSouthen Cauau and themallet o the ome Sovetepubl t a land o uggedmountain and extnt volanoe.

Ove the entuie menaha been onq ueed by GeekRoman Pean ByantineMongol ab Ottoman ukand Ruan om the 1 6entuy though old a I,

Th aoa Aby oAa


5/98

eorgiaGeorgia is situated at the strategi-

cally important crossroads where Eu-rope meets Asia. Forested mountains

Pompey's Bridge in Georgia

major portions of A rmenia were con-troled by their most brutal invaders,the Ottom an Tu rks Divided betweenthe Persians an d Ottomans in the 1 6

century, Eastern Arme nian territories

became part of the Russian Empire inthe eary 1 9 century, while the reststayed witin te Ottoman Em pi re

hroughout most of its long history,Armenia has been invaded by a suc-cession of empires. Under constantthreat of domination by foreign forc-

es, Armenians became both cosmo-politan as wel as fierce protectors oftheir culture and tradition his in-cudes a strong tradition of relig ioususic, and th e m aki ng of stone carvingscalled khatchka rs.

Countiesof theWorld

cover much of theland, and Georgia is

noted for its foodand hospitality.Over the centuries,Georgia ws theobject of rivalry be-tween Persia, Tur-key, and Russia, be

fore being eventually annexed byRussia in the 1 9century. Georgiaemerged from thecollapsing SovietUnion as an inde-

pendent state in1991 .

'AC \Asia is the larg

est of the conti :

nents, both in " area and pop . ulation . .

5


6/98

W is Kazaksta associate it

Russia?Oicialy known as the Republic of Kazakhstan the country is mosty situatedin Centra Asia though part of it is asolocated in Europe. Russia conquered Kazakhstan about 1 00 years ago and Kazakhstan became a part of the Soviet Union

It is now an independent stateKazakhstan's varied landscape stretches from the mountainous heavily populated regions of the east to the sparselypopuated energy-rich lowands in thewest and from the industriaized northwith its Siberian climate and terrain

through the arid empty steppes of thecentre to the fertile south. The Kazakhsmake up over half the population whilethe Russians comprise just over a quarter Smaer minorities of Uzbeks Koreans Chechens and others account forthe rest. The main religion slam was

suppressed ike all others under Communist rue but has enjoyed a revivasince the collapse of the Soviet UnionKazakhstan is aso the word's largestproducer of uranium

Bay ow Kaaha


7/98

oT

W are Turmenistan an zeistan imortant?urkmes hs he smles

populo of he five former Soverepubcs Cer As s mde upm of deser d s mpor s hs he world's fifh lres es

med reserves of ur sTurkmes declred s sovere1990d becme memberof he Commoweh of Idepede Ses 1991 oeher wh eoher former Sove repubcs

CttCtt every-where!

ouies of the Wold

Uzbeks's

mjesc cessuch s Bukhrd Smrkdfmed for her r c h e c u r opuece ocefourshed s

rde d cuur ceresTod s oeof he word'sbes producers of coo

Lan oTajis

Tajikistan

isarugge,mountainouscountr tat as a ormeroiet Repulic. Tename Tajikistan meansLan o te Tajis'. TeTajisareescene rom tePersians o irstsette ere tousanso ears ago. Te Tajisere successie rue

te zes an tente Agans unticaime Russia inte 1 60's. t ecameineenent o teoiet nin in 1 1 .

T Ch


8/98

W ae man countries ougt oerAganistan?

fghasta's statgic posito sadwchd btw th Mdd East CtraAsia ad th dia sbcotit aogth act Slk Rot was th raso thatthis cotry has og b foght o dspit ts rggd ad forbiddig tai.It has a hstory ad cltr that gos backor5000 yas.

Afghasta s a ggd motaoscoty wth a cmat that ags fromxtm hatto bitg cold It s compltyadlockd ad a arow pass th KhybPass lks t to Pakista. Th Khyb Pass iso of th most importat passs th

world fom th tim of Alxadr thGrat. Dd yo kow that h machd his

o oop whawg o Afg

o of Afghaaoa Ay

army thogh t torach Idia? Thar abot 20 difft thic gopsig hr ad achgop has its owagag ad taditos.

At th t of th2 cty thcoty was mosyoymos withwa ad tosm.

Today Afghastas o th road to coy a dcadsQfwa:


9/98

Cprusordig to leged, Cprus ishe irplae o the aiet

Greek Goddess o Loephrodite. Cprus oes its :ae to te ord or opper Li aiet Greek, Kpros.' 'rfThe islad has rih opperdeposits. Tis islad has plaed aipoat pa i the histor or it lies

at the rossroads othree otiets.

Lga Wa of Toy

Wh is Turke a outr i tootiets?

urkey s vs nd vred counrybosng ncredble lndscpes

nd nurl onders, bordered byour dfferen ses Is ndscpe sdoed h blegrounds, runedcsles, nd he plces o greepres I s lrge pennsul hcs ke brdge beeen oou ies of he World

Th Moo aoaAa of Cyp

connens Europe ndAs, nd s sregcymporn locon hs gven mjor nfuence n heregon nd conro overhe enrnce o he BckSe.

Turkey s so lnd o

lkes nd rvers Abou hlhe popuon ves n rgeons, he he plnsong he cos o he BlckSe re home o rmersho keep nmls nd grorus, nus, nd obcco.

The cpl o urkey s Ankr, he noher veryporn cy s snbulThe Bosphorus suspensonbrdge connecs Asn prof Turkey o Europe


10/98

W o Jes eeereconsier sra teir ome?

he state f sae was fmedn 948, as a Jewsh stateand a demat epubl.ts bdes n the West aethe Medteanean Sea andthe Gaa Stp whe n theNth ts bdes ae Leba

nn and Sya. Jdan andthe aestnan Authtysautnmus tetes e tthe East and n the Suth leEgypt and the Red Sea. saes a land f desets muntans pans and beahes.

Jews a ve the wd nsde sae the hme sae spa f a hst and aled aestne whee a Hebew kngdm was estabshed n 000B. aestne was ate spt ntthe kngdms f Judah and sa

el whh wee subsequenty nvaded by the Assyans Babynans Egyptans esans Rmans and Alexande the Geat.

F a Jew sae s me than apae t s the Hly Land

Krgzta i- kno a te, itzerad o'A Cetra Aia'1

W is raq consiere so

ric in istor?aq s the hme f ne f theeaest f vatns. Mdenaq was Anent Mesptamafm the Geek wd meanngbetween tw ves t washee that human bengs fst

began t utvate the andwhee wtng was nventedand whee the AssyansSumeans and Babylnansal made aq the ente f theanent wd. The untyemans h wth a gus

past but eent hsty hasdeat ess kndy wth aq.ndeed n eent yeas few

whee the hsty began. F

ve 2000 yeas the Jews weeexed fm ths saed and fthes and peseuted and twas ny afte Wd Wa ended that they wee abe tetun hme t sae

Tel Me Why


11/98

I raq co nia'Di ou no tat raq

as once a a o nia?During Wor War I Iraqcae uner te Britisrue. Inia as aso unerte Britis. Aer te aran internationa organi-zation cae te Leagueo Nations' as ore

Iraq cae uner its rueBritain uneoo te a-inistration o raq orte League o Nationstroug te Boaainistration raq asten a a o te Boa

tate ro 1 920 t1932.

ovethown and ate ked.aq s a and of desets andountans, and at its heat sts apta ty of Baghdad. Today, aq has ol and and sugaefnees. ts eono"y is buton ts ol eseves, whh haveaso been the ause of uhstfe and tubulene

ountes have expeenedsuh extenal ntefeeneas aq has, unatng nthe 2003 Aeaned nva

sion of the ounty. Sadaussen, ue of aq was

May thesecvlizations rest

n peace.

KrgzstanKrgzstan is a Centra Asian state

orering Cina It as a a o te oiet Un-ion an ecae ineenent ater te oietUnion's coase in 1 991 t as soe oi an

0 gas an a eeoing go ining sector Mon/ ster ountains an teir associate scragg" i aes gaciers an iceue aes oinateoer 90% o te countr Te eoe are ost noasraising seep an igs or peasants groing cotton an to-acco. Touris is a er ipoant inustr toa.

Coues of he Word 1


12/98

W is Iran a m ixtue o opposites?

ran as knon as Persia be

ore 9 3 5 It as one o thegreatest empres o the ancentord, and the country has itson anguage, Persian. t has anabundance o energy resourcesthat ncude substantia oi reserves as e as natura gas.

Iran ies ithn the Apnemaayan mountan systemhe centre o Iran is a vast pateau that is an empty desert osat, sand, and grave. arrocoasta pains are ound aong

Apaet Citria is te ad tat

gae umait te cods irst apaet. A

the shores o the Persian Gu,Gu o man, and the CaspanSea ran is subjectto numerous,

and oten severe earthquakesand vocanc eruptonsIran's centra postion has

made it a crossroads o mgration, and t has a Persan corethat ncudes over ha o thepeope t is a country here the

desert gory o ancent kngdoms exsts aongside the dynamc present o today's ord

Tha Capa Cy ofIa

utr oeie pais, ,

outains ad desers, it is ome t ma diferet eti ad eigius groups. Mde ia gaied its idepedee Cay abo yiaFrae i 1946.

1 2 ell Me Wy


13/98

Kwa Tow

A mll mutiucutry i te iddleEt, eb uderte Frec util ide-

edece i 1943. Te ebuti ic ru rllel t te

eter ct, cer mt f te cu-try ile te eter brder i tetieb Rge Betee te tie te fertile Bek lley. eb fmu fr it cedr d

outries of the World

W s at consr on o trcst contrs n

toruwat s a smal o

rch country nestlng atthe top of th PersanGuf. Its neghbours areSaud Araba to the southraq to the north and Iranto the east. Ths lowlyng desert land s manysandy and barren. Thereare no lakes or rvers nKuwat so dstled seawater s the man sourceof fresh water. Kuwathas arge o eds andhuge prots have beenmade by exportng olmakng t one of the rchest countres n the word

Lba PaaBg

1 3


14/98

B of hGo of Kw

Kwit is beieved to vebee pt of ey iviitio i te 3 mieim Bd to ve tded wit esopotmi ities te te 8d ey 9 eties teseikdom beoged to tefiges of te Ottom Em pi eKwit obtied Bitis potetio i 89 96 Kwitbeme id epedet

Kwit is best desibed s

ity stte Te pit KwitCity s bee tttigBedoi p eope fom te Abi i te io i se of sebeee d espe fom ei g d ogt fo etiesTody te metopois is sti

osis i d of deset pis 990 Kwit ws i vded byq bt i 99 te qiswee d ive ot by toops fomte U ited Kigdom d U ited Sttes

1 4

W i s Sai Araia ono t atist contrisin t or?

di Abi op es mostof te Abi ei s t is be deset wit o pemet ives o kes Yet itis oe of te wetiest

yh

JoranJoran is a sma con

tr in th ha o thMi East t has natra rsorcs, an its

signiicanc rsts parom its stratgic oca-tion Th s kingommrg ot o t postor ar iision o


15/98

tions in te wod Sud Abis emeged fom being n undedeveloped deset kingdom to

beome one of te wetiestntons n te egion, tnks tovst ol esoues Sudi Abists on moe tn 25% of tewod's known o eseves. It s

he Middle East by Britain andFrance. Unlike many ofthe statesin he region, Jordan has no oil ofits own. Its resourcesare limited to phos-phatesa

ndagricultur-alproduce. Theecono-mydepends largelyonservices,tourism,andforeignaid.

CountriesoftheWorld\

pble of podung moetn 1 0 m on bels pe dyIt ontns te wod's lgest

ontinuous snd deset teRub AKl, o Empty Qute Its oi egon lies pimyin te esten povne longte Pes in Gu f.

Te kingdom of Sudi Abiis lmost entiey te etion

of King Abdul Aziz bin Sudwo ved fom 1 882 to 953.Sud Abi s not only teomel nd of te Ab peoples it i s tougt tt te fist A-bs oig nted on te Abi nPeni nsu l but lso te ome-

l nd of I slm te wod's se-ondgest egon e twooy pi lg imge ites of Mend Medin e so in SudiAbi

Jordan


16/98

ic mirats makup t nit Ara mir-atsorA?

Te Uited Ab Emites o UAE is fedetioof seve sttes fomed i1 9 1 . Tese sttes weeelie led by Abpies Sie te it s

gow fom qiet bkwte to o e of te MiddleEst's most impotteoomi etes. Al-tog e stte AbDbi Dbi Ajm Fi Rs l Kim

S d Umm l Qiwi mitis lgedegee of idepedeete UAE is goveed by Speme Co i of les

B KhafaTh TaBg h

Wo

rankincns CountrOman is one o te mor trai-tional countries in te ul r-

gion Occupying t souteast cornr o te Araian

eninsula it as a strate-gicall important posi-

tion at the mout ote ul Oil is te

mde p of te seve emis wo ppoit te pime m i iste d tebi et Befoe oil ws disoveed i

te 1 950's te UAE's eoomy wsdepedet o fisi g d pel igid sty. Bt sie 1 962 we AbDbi beme te fist of te em ites to begi expotig oi teoty's soiety d eoomy vebee tsfomed

Ab DhabCapa of UA


17/98

but Oman is renowned or tsrankincense a scented gumthat is obtained rom a desert

"

, I

is Qatar an a emracing weare state?

t opies sm l peninsl tt extends into te esin Gf fom te est sde ofte Abn enns Qtone one of te pooest Glfsttes s now one of te iestonties n te egion tnksto te expottion of lge o

shrub Oman has an ancientsea trading tradition and orcenturies was amed or the

export o rankincenseMa Capa of

Oa

nd gs felds sinete 1 940's. e m in ly

ben onty ws Btispotetote ntil 191 went deled its ndependene. tdid not on te United AbEmtes e poplton issml Foeignes indng l-boes ttted by onsttion boom otn mbe ntvesO l m oney fnds n l embng welfe stte wt mnysevies being fee o eviysbsidied.


18/98

A D p Bh

Wh are ahrain an TheMalies ascnating?

ahain i ade p o 30 iand that ie o the coat oSadi Aabia i n the eian G The ain i and ae jo ined bybidge, an d the aget iand,which i ao caed Bahain, i in ed to Sadi Aabia th og ha caeway t wa one o theit tate in the Gto d icoveoi, and to bid a einey, ando, it beneited o oi weathbeoe ot o it neighbo

o vat antitie o oi tonata ga, yo jt have tonae it, and Ba hai n ha it ihtoc a e ao a b ndant i n thipat othe wod Did yo nowthat Bahai n the nae ean

A I h M

18

two ea wa once viewed bythe a ncient Seian a a n i-and paadie to which the wieand the bave wee taen aethey d ied?

he adive ae a eie oancient coa ee in the ndianOcean tha t gew p aond t heide o toweing pehitoicvocanoe Thee ienetcte have ong ince ninto the ocean, eaving behindcoa i and o incedibe nat-a beaty Thee ae abot1 200 iand, bt ony 200 aeinhabited The adive be-cae tad ing pot o the o-tgee and the Dtch othe 500, and wee ed bythe Bitih o 887, nti theiand got thei i ndepend encein 1 65 The econoy evoveaond toi, and coe o

iand have been deveopedo the top end o the toitaet

Yeah,ou coutry is

gowng 1


19/98

esmallest

country in

Asia in botharea and

populationisthe

Maldives

YeenYeen has beenat the crossroads ofAfrica, the MiddleEast and Asia forthousands of years.This is due to its po-

sition on the an-cient spice routes.The northeast is abaking stony desewhere years canpass without rain.However, the

ountains andcoastal plains do receiverain everyyear. Oil and theconstruction indus-tryare veryipoant to the

economy.Thecapital city is Sanaandthe main ex-

pos are petroleuproducts, cotton,and fish.

ountries of the World

A Foot Bridge in Yemen

Why was Pakistan formed?akstan was born out of the part-

ton of the ndan subcontnent n

1 947 Pakstan was org ina ly exsted intwo pa rts Th e east wng presentdayBangladesh is on the Bay of Bengabordering India and Burma The westwing presentday Pakistan, stretchesfrom the Hma layas down to the Arabi-an Sea. The n ame Pakstans derived from the Urduwords 'Pak' meaning p ure,and 'stan' meaningcountry.

Islamabad

1 9


20/98

Kaah

The northern and wetern hghan d of atan contain the towerng Karaora and ar ountanrange which ncude oe of theword hi ghet pea he Bauchitanateau ie to the wet and the TharDeert and an expane of auva

pa in the u njab an d Si nd e to theeat. The 600 oetre ong nd uRver an d it tri butarie fow throughth e country

What now atan wa n preh itorc tie the Indu Vaey cvization A erie of invader Aryan er-

ian Gree Arab Tur and other contro ed the region for the nextevera thouand year n 1 526 theand becae part of the ogu Epre whch rued ot of the ndanubcontinent fro th e 1 6 to th eid 1 8 century By 1 857 the rtih

becae the donant power in theregon aitan cae into beng aan independent naton when Indiawon her ndependence fro theBrith.

2

Wh is Inia allethe lan o ontrasts?

nda i the word

the arget deocracythe econd ot popuou country and theeventh arget nter of ze It i-tary trong ha a a-jor cutura nfuence

and a fatgrowingand powerfu econoy. It a a nd of contrat fro it now-duted ountain tounwahed beachet tranqu tepe to

fety fetiva frothe anternit viageto ofwareupreocte here are a-ve ountan rangewth nowy pea vatpain croed by

ell Me Why


21/98

brod river, prcheddeert, dene tropclforet nd plm frngedbeche Indi i r ich inntrl reorce, yetthere i not enogh foodfor everyone I ndtry h

trnfored the cte,yet poverty t l l bond In fct, Indi h beenclled the rich contrywhere poor peope l ive

Ind home to over bll on peope, pengrond thond n-gge nd d ect, with lrge nmber of regon Dd yo now thtor of the world regon Hndim, Bd-hm, Jn ndkhim, orignted n Ind In di i l o home toone of the g retet of n-ent civlztion, nd heen the re nd

Coties of the World

Pm Bg of I

mny empire bed on region Bythe 1 800, the En gl h Et Ind Compny control ed lrge re, ndn 1 858, n di becme p rt of theBrith Emp re In 1 7, ndi gnedt ndependence nd dopted the

eder poiticl yte, wherebypower i h red between the centrlgovernment nd 28 tte

I


22/98

Lan oc. the hunerragonBhutan s a tin ountr thatis onl 177 kloetres ronoh to south an 31 kloe-tres ro east to est It nestlesn the Halaas eteen Ina

an China. lost opletelut o or enturies t has trieto let in soe aspets o theoutsie orl hle ierelguaring ts anient traitions.he Bhutanese nae or hu-tan Dkul eans Lan othe

Thuner Dragon' an its lagshos a rapaging ragon.

No Fg T

22

Wh s epal aourtestination or tourists?

eched on the oo othe

Hiaaya Nepa hae anowy bode with Chinaand ndia. A andocedcounty it had been uedby onach o a uinga i y o ot oit odenhitoy in eative ioation

unti it becae a epub ic iay 2008 Hee the taetountain in the wodount Eveet oa aboveange ae ange o icypea It a and o ya andyeti tupa and Shepa

and oe o the bet te-i ng on Eath. it an y won-de that Nepa i a hot a-vouite with touit o a ove th e wod?

The it civiization inNepa which ouihedaound the 6 centuy BCwee conined to the etie

B V N


23/98

o ou ko hat is coo aout theatioal athes o Iia a Baglaesh?Both ere ritte the sae perso Our

Jaa Gaa Maa' a Baglaesh's arShoar Baga' ere oth take ro sogcopose Rairaath Tagore.

Kathand Valleywhere the present-day captal o the sae

nae s located t wasn ths region thatrnce SiddharthaGataa was born in563 B Gataaachieved enghten-ent as Bddha andgave rseto B dd hi s .ost o the peope nNepa are arersOthers herd sheepand yas. Howevertoday toris is theain indstry

does B ngades have a sd reationsip t Indi ?he region that is now Bangadesh

was once part othe ndan provnce oBenga ater whe n In dia was dvdedinto ndia and aistan t was nownas East astan. Bang ladesh cae intobeing ony n 7 when the two partso aistan splt ater a bitter war inwhch nda played a ajor roe nhelpng Bangladesh becoe ndependent ost o Bangladesh is very

Wearefree fromPaksa

ow lyng at landIt s one othe ostdensely popatedregons n the

word. he twogreat rvers theGanges and theBrahaptraeethere to or aaze o waterwaysthat ae p the

words largest deta As a restBangladesh isprone to reqentoods that caseg reat daage.

23


24/98

Wh is Sri Lanka knownas the ewe ox' o theInian Ocean'?

i Lana lie of theothern tip of nda Thtopica and a fac-nated taveer for cent-re, with it palfrngedbeache, dvere andcape and hitorcalonent Known aSeren dip to Arab geographe r, the land fel l nderPotgee and Dtch in

Di ou know thatkick oxing originat-

e in Thailan? Thistough spo otentakes place in a ringwhere coatantsa utilie kickspunches elowstrikes hea utts

knee strikes anthrows against oneanother. Kick oxingis now a er popularspo all or thworl

ManmarManar or Bura as it was

earlier known is in the Ino Chinese peninsula. It is rie with

flence and fna ly cae nde r Bith re when t wa called CeyonThe iland becae ndependent in 8, and changed t nae to SLan a n 1 72 Agrc ltre theain occpation, and the portantcop podced are tea, cocont,rice, and rbbe. Si ana alonown a the ewel box ofthe Indi an

A ock Fo k


25/98

tll mountains that

surround the broad

feile valley o the

Ayeyarwady River.Intheearly1 9cen-ury he riish sIndia Company ex-pded o he holeof ur. ura ecame an independ-

e io erord r I.

Ocean' and ha yeldedpeciou tone a nd nege n a geat pou-on o pece and vaete. Ge o Ceylonbecae a ou al ovethe wold and todayhee even a towncaled Ratnapua oge town

: . 0

Coutries ohe World

B Img T

Wha akes Thaia uiue iSouh Eas Asia?

haand i ituated in South Eat Aiaand i a land o eeald paddy feldty ou ntan and golden beache.he Buddhit eligion the onachyand the l tay have helped to hapet ociety and poitic. he ha tbegan ettlng in the peent hoeland n the 6 centuy and by the endo the 3 centuy u led ot o theweten potion Duing the next 00yea theyought poadical y wth theCabodan to the eat and the Bu-ee to the wet. haland wa oelycaled Sia

Thaila is he olyouheas si oury eer o hae

ee oloised y '. europea poers A

25


26/98

ThKingdo ofillion

lphnts

P T

Lg T Noymo of Loos is ountr of ruggd

ountins nd dns forststht lis in th hrt of South W Cna s onsir

on o t ost powrulountrs on Ert?

st si. Los is lsoknon s th Kingdoof i ll ion lphnts hina stetches 5000 kiloetes

o east to west, and 5500 kioeus th pitl ofth nint kingdousd to surroundd lrgpsturs thtr th gringgrounds for ildlphnts.

tres ro noth to soth t occpiesone ih o Asias aea, and is the t hi d

largest contry i n the world t is the biggest in ters o pop lation 50,000 babies

are bon in China every day! t has highontains, plateas, sandy desets, and

dense orests and thosands o ives owhich the Yangtze is the ost i poant

Bg C cy of C


27/98

Chna i hoe to theldet of cvilzation nact, any of the ee

ent that ae p theondation of the od-ern world orignated nhna, ncding paper,gnpowder, creditbaning, the copa,and paper oney Ch

nee htoy dividednto dynatie, and thelat eperor wa overhrown n 1 2, an d Ch ina becae a Repbl ic

The People Repbcof Chna wa fo nded in

aer the Cont Party defeated theprevoy donantnatonalt Kointangn a civl war However,afer the death of itleader ao n 1 76, anew eaderhip andeconoic refor werehered in Nowaday,China one of theworld top exporter,and i attractng recordaont of foregn invetent n trn, t i invetng bil l on ofdol larabroad, and eergin ga on e of the ot powerf contrie on Earth

Coutries o the World

o o Ko

W was Korea divided?orea i an Eat Aian conty

that i at preent d ivided into twocontre North Korea and SothKorea Bt why did thi d iviion taepace?

The Sovet nin occpied theno rthern half of Korea afer WordWar ended n 1 5 At the aete, Sothern Korea wa controled by the n ited State The penna wa foray plit in two n1 8The poltca dfference be

Suortcommunsm!r Suortcatasm!

27


28/98

AngkorWat,in Siem Reap,Cambodia,

is the largestreligioustempleinthe orld

Wy s Jaan nown as te 'Land of tRsn un?

apan is an archipelago, which means

group of isands Though there are around3000 isands in the archipelago, Japan's foumain islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu,and Sh ikoku. Legend attributes the creation 0Japan to the s un goddess, from w hom the emperors were descended, and th at is why Japanis known as the Land ofthe Rising Sun'.

Amost four fifths of Japan is covered withmounta ins. The h ig hest peak is Mount F uji . It is

Toko - Capital Ci

o/Japan

tween the two riva states ed tothe outbreak of a horrifc war in1 950Three years later, a ceasefire agreement ended the Ko-rean War. But th e North Koreans

28

and South Koreans have to thisday , neversig ned a peace treaty.South Korea has developed i ntoone of Asia's most afluentcountries since partition in

Tell Me Why


29/98

a cone sha pe vocano apan

also has a round 200 volca- .

noes 60 of which are active.

Modern farming methodsake maximum use of thescarce land avail ab le for culti-vation. Fishing is also an im-portant ccupation and a-pans manufacturing plantshave ushered in an economic

boom

A WorldHeritage Site in Japan

While retaining its time-honoured culture, a pan rap-

idly absorbed Western tech-nology

In spite of its devastatingdefeat i n World War I I Japanrecovered to become a trulypowerfulnation.

1948 North Korea, on the otherand has been oneoftheworld'sost secretive societies t is oneof the few countries still unernoinall y comm unist rule.

Countries of he Wold

Angkor Wat

CambodiaCabodiais located

in the southern pa of theIndochina Peninsula. Thearea that is presentdayCabodia cae under

Kher rule around theyear600AD, when theregion was at the centre ofa vast epire thatstretched over ost ofSoutheast Asia. Under theKhmers, a agnificentteple coplex was con-structed at Angkor. Thisbeautiful, fertile land hasbeen the scene of anyconflicts , and this legacyhas left it a poor country.

29


30/98

Wh is Singapore consi

ere one o Asia's econoictigers?ngapore i ade p o 50

iand that ie jt above theeqato o the othen t ip othe aay en n a Accordn g

to egend, th cty tate wa

o nded bya alay prncewho landed on the iland n 299. he

la rget o the l a n d

Mongoliaongolia spres

ross1.5

illion s k

T o of go

lnked by oad to aaya.Sngapoe wa once a cooniaotpot o Bitan , bt becaenternaly elgovening n 959. Singapoe n ited withothe orer Brth terrtorie

to o alaya in 963 an dbecae a lly ndependenttate two year ater aer epa-aton o aayia n pite othe act that there vey ieagicta and and the ain

o the Central Asian plteu. Oethe healan o a epire stretching to

Europe uer the lederGeghis Kha Mongoli is ldloke countrdoited y sprselpopulte steppe ndseidese. Alysts s itould eoe oe o theworlds stest growigeooies tod.

ogoli islled thed o theBue Sky.

ell Me Why


31/98

foret have been ct for bi ld

ng hoe, Singapoe i a veryrch conty. In fact, Sngapore oten reered to a one ofa econoc tger Iteconoy d riven by eectronc anact ng and inancaervce, h ipp ing, and interna

tonal tade.

g wy Tw

Taianin forerl knon s

oros is an islan h isepre fro Minlan Chi- nrro sri. In 949,

Countries of the Wold

TO of Wo

T Bg

hen he Couniss ookoer China an of he e-feae leaers fle o Tiann sele here. Thoughfrers gro rops like riean pinepples n fishing isn ipon oupaion in-usr no oupies enresage.Tins fories pro-ue goos h re exporel l oer he orl

3 1


32/98

W s Malasa afavoue tourstestnaton?

aaysa s on thMalay nnsua nSouthast Asa Mostof Maaysa s covd

Malasa te olcoutr n te worl toae a rotatg stemo kg.

by fost, wth a mountan ran r un n nth lnth of th pnnsul a.

Th a ncstos of th pop that nownhabt th Maaysan pnnsula fst m-atd to th aa btwn 2500 and

500 B Brtsh and Dutch ntst n thron w n th 800's, wth th BtshEast nda ompany's stab l sh mnt of atrad n sttlmnt on th s land of Sna

M Ho of Pm

W ae te nes cae ts

name?h hppns l btwn th hna

Sa and th acfc Ocan n South EastnAsa It s a naton mad of mor than 7000 sa nd s,

but ony on thd of th slands a nhabtd Th

a slands a mounta nous Thr ar ov 30 actvvolcanos n th h p pns, an d m uch of th la nd s forst

clad Th man crops ar rc, sua rcan, pnap ps, bananas,and coconuts. Th conomy s basd on arcultu, tmb

l ht nd usts, and srvcs Th popl ar ma n ly of Malayandscnt Th h pp ns w dscovrd by rdnand Ma

lan n 5 2 , and c o lon zd b y th S pan s h n 5 6 5 . T h Un td


33/98

por Tad soard, and Malaysia bam a Bitish potctora in th 880's At about th s am tim, ub br

trs wr i ntoducd om Baz Withth mass poduction o automobls,ubb bcam a auabl xpot

Th ndpndnt stat o Ma

"

Bok oB

laysa cam nto xistnc n 963 Today, Malaysia is a draton o 3 stas and th r da

trrtois It is on oth on'sky touist ds-tinatons, wthts bathtakn bac hs

f' Rich RulerThe Sultaate Bruei is a

S t a t sbrouht thhil ippns or0 ml l ion dollars in 898.

This county

Have yocome from Spa

to ream e m ycotry?

was g ranted .;ndpndncn 946

il rih utrlate the isla Bre i Suthast sia. ti

utr ith a sallppulati Brueias the l Malastate i 1 963 thse t reai aBritish epeerather tha ji the

Maasia Feera

Th hi pp ns ar namd ar Kin hi l p

ti. lt eaeiepeet i

1984aI o Spai n bcaus t was du rn h s ri n thatth sands cam undr Spa nish ul

thaks t itslargere-seres il

a gas itssulta isetherihest rulersitherl

33


34/98

Why is Indonesia a fascinat-ing country?

ndonesia is a fascinatingcountry Rippling across theequator for nearly 5000 km, In-donesa encompasses morethan 1 7,000 isands, twoth irdsof whi ch a re i nh abited. The is-ands are bessed with abundant rain, cear akes, coastamangrove swampand someof the most spectacuar rai nfor-ests on Earth

Sophisticated kingdoms ex-isted before the arriva of theDutch, who consoidated theirhod over two centuries, even

tualy uniting the archipeagoaround 900 Aer Japan'swartime occupation ended, independ ence was procaimed in

I ndonesia

. is the largestisland nation intheworld.


35/98

VietnamShaped like an elon-

gated '5, Vietnamsretches the length ofhe ndocinese Peninsla. It is a beaifcontry that has seenhree decades of biter

wars, dring whichhey fough firstagains France, henagainst Soh Vienam and its US backers. I became a uni-fied counry once

more in 1 975.

Vietnamis often

- described as

? two rice'JAc. bowlsonabamboosick.' This is becauseietnam as a long andnarrow coastal linewih two feile riverdelas in noh and

south,whicareconnected by a hinsrip of mounainosland.

Colombia

Doncan Republc

Gorgia

Kirbat

Marshall Islads

Marits

Mozambq

Naraga

Phliis

Rhodsaformer name of Zmbabwe

St ev

Sat LiaSat Vt adth Grads

Sa MaoSadi Araba

Syhls

Solomo sads

Swazlad

USA

Bht

fomer ame o India

Smon Bolivar

- Sage KambuSwayambhuva

ChistopheColumbus

Saint Domnc

Saint Geoge

Thomas Gilbet(Gi lbet Islands)

John Mashal

Mauice of Nassau

Mussa Mbki

Ncaao

King Philp I Iof Spain

Cecil Rhodes

Saint Chstophe

Saint Lucy

Saint Vincent ofSaagossa

Saint Mainus Muhammad bn

Saud

ean Moeau deSeychelles

King Solomon

King Mswati II

Ameigo Vespuccio Richad Ameike

King Bhaatha


36/98

Buddhist Monks

'Ho

Suveors!I he 1 9h ceury, he Briih em

brked prjec The Gre Trig-meric Survey f di. A pr fhi prjec, he Brh l wedfrmio he d furherrh. Thi eemed mpible, ice

be, wuld eve llw eerer eve eer here. Bu he Brihem fud wy ge rud hiprblem. The ve frm Idi brder e were ried be urveyr, d were e explre he regi. They were mke heir bser-

vi digued hly me clledm. Thee surveyr were ughme rck, , mke heir bervi wihu beig fud u. Theywere ried mke excy 2,000pce he mi le. T cu hem, heyued wh lked ike Buddh rry. Bu ed f he uul 108bed i hd 100, every eh beigghly lrger. Every 100 pce bedw drpped. Al, he pryer wheelhey hed did hld he uulpryer, bu mp d e.

36

Wc s te largest count oEa?

Russia is the la rgestcountry on Earth interms of surface area.This vast land masscovers more than1 7 mil l ion sq kms, andhas a climate that

ranges from the Arctic

Welcom et o t h e argestcount ry in t h is

world.

Eurpeis he

" ecd- mllA>" e c, . " ie

fer Aurli.

Tell Me Why


37/98

north to the eneray temperatesouth Russa borders 4 countres,and has eht tme ones. Most ofRussa es n Asa, but the westenpart of t les n Euope, and the Ual

Mounta ns form the dvdn ne between European Russa and AsanRussa

Ggahicay,E i aci I icaifid a aci fca ad hi-ica a I

i a bcif h admaEaia

The majorty of Rus-sans are descendedfom a peope cal ed theSlavs, butthee are about00 othe ethnc roups

as wel The B alkan people were vn n Russa


38/98

R

The (Union o oie ocialis e p b l i c )was a ederaion o 1 repbics, comprising mos o Easern Erope, and Norhern andenral Asia, which nil is dissolion in 11, joinly

ormed he larges soereign sae in he world

vn bo th Slavs a-ivd, an d Rssia was a pato th Mono mp o200 yas, ntl a on l n oRss an s cal ld thtsasban th n . Lat, th

Pg

tsas w ovthown, and a com-mnst ovnmnt stabishdth Union o th Sovit SocalstRpblics o th USSR. By th 980's t was ptty obvios thatthat th popl w bcomind ssatisd with omm nism, an dmany oms w intodcd,whch vntally d to thbakp o th USSR, and th

mnc o ndpndnt stats.Rssia has a ch tadition o atand ct, and has bn a wodlad n itat, dama msicba t as wl as n spots


39/98

h s ceand caed'The Land o ce and Fre?

cand ls btwn

Grnand and th Europ-an coast in th cy sas narth Arctic icl. t wasfomd by volcanic ruptons just 20 mlon yarsao as ma ma pourd froma tar n th sa bd Today

t boasts mo than twodozn actv volcanosIcland is a ls o clbatd fots yss In fact th vrywod ys coms from asinl spin i n cland thatv so on fns ts wa

hite RussiaBelars was kow

hstorcally as htessa' he t was arepblc o the USS,

t was commoly re-erred to as Belors-sa Ater the break-p o USS, the co-try got ts presetame.

untries of the World

kjk C of

trs hatd to boi ln pont by thvocanic mama blow into tha Thr ar many oth hotspins that provid Icandswith othr ma ny.

c too plays a ky ol in s ha pn cand About tn prcnt ofth s la nd is covd by l acrs I nsh ot clan d is a land o fxtmswhr som of Europs bist lacrs a j ust nxt to som of thcontinnts hottst volcanc spinsnc th is p lac s cald Th Landof Ic an d F

39


40/98

W is Nowa calleTe Lan o te MinigtSun'?

orway s E urops northrn most country It s stuat n th wstrn part of thScaninavan Pnnsula anxtns nto th Arctc rcl

Norway is fam for ts

mountans an spctacularfor coastln Snc thnorthrn ha f of Norway lsnorth of th Arctc rcl txprncs th phnomnon of th m ng ht sun I n

4

O apa way

summr ths aras xprncayl ght throughout th nig ht tmhours. Evn n Southrn Norwaytru arknss nvr occurs btwn lat May an m Aug ust ...an th s s why Norway s known asTh an of th Mn g ht Sun Ofcours th oppost s also tru..thr s vry l ttl su n north of thArctc ircl urng th wntrmonths.

\ -

D Sls o o s

's l,

m

ell Me Whv


41/98

hina2. Inia3 USA4 Inoneia5. Brazil

6. Pakitan7. Nieria8 Ruia9. BanlaehJapan

Vatican it2 Tualu3 . Nauru4 Palau5 San Marino6. Monaco

,,72,82

,20,,22

2,82,000

27,,2

0,7,7

77,77,0002,7,000

2,,

2,,000

27,720,000

7 Liechtentein

800

0,000

0,000

20,000

2,8

,000

,0

2,000

2,000

7,000

8 St Kitt Nei9. Marhall an Dominica

untis t Wld

Te Lan oA Thouan Laes

Find i kown

he nd o hoand ake. Iie beween we-de d i Noher Erope It hei oreed,d coti ho

d o ke, nuero rer, adextee area omrhd

Fiad be-i d drccor. he cceo he er rked b hugeconr, uch the polar ight inwier, wih iweoe NorthernLigh, d b heidgh i

er he rihbin o n-d were he aior Lpp peope.

41


42/98

musmanAn ombusman, is

an oicial appoineo inesigae ini-

iuals' complainsagains puic au-oriies.Te sysemo aing an ombusman was sa-e in ween, oproec e rigs o

e ciizen againse sae auoriies.Any one wo ls ae or se as beenunairly reae canapproac e m-busman o e con-

cerne epamen.

ana's irtpaceTink o rismas, an

you remember analaus wo raels across

e worl bringing ejoy o rismas, Do youknow were is legen-ary caraer is beliee

2

ockom w C

Wy is ween so prosperous?wdn n Nothn Euop has

lush orsts that cov ov ha thcounty. Lik Noway and Finand,Swdn njoys sun i ht vn at mdniht durn th summr months Inspin a n d a l, th dazzin NorthrnLhts can aso b sn

Th southn pat o th county is

chiy aicu tua, with osts cov-in an incasin prcnta o thand, th uth north on os Itsosts, rvrs, and abundant natuasourcs hav mad t a pospouscounty n act a study has shown tto b th th d most prospous coun-

ty i n th wod. Swdn xpots cas,

o come rom? Te answer is Lapan,wic is a region in e Norern Eu-rop a sreces across noernNorway, ween, an F inlan Tere

is, in ac, a place calle ana lausVillage in e own o oaniemi. l isesigne as woner worl o elesan Finnis rismas raiions!

ell Me Wy


43/98

Why is Denmark nereng?nmark s basd n Northrn u

rop, d rctly north of Grmany It s

mad up of a pnnsula and naryfv hundrd sands Th capta opnhan s locatd on th larst sland . A lmost compty su rrounddby th sa, Dnmark s a fat, low ly nrn l and that s ntnsy cu ltvatd.s hn s an mpo rtant ndustry. Th

man ufacturn sctors man a ras ofactvty nclud food products, lc-tronc qupmnt, papr and woodproducts. Btwn th 8 and 1 1 cnturs, th Dans wr known as

One, wo, hree, four fveOnce caugh a

halve.

th Vkns. hy colo-nzd, radd and traddn a ll parts of urop.

nnrn products, stl,lctronc dvcs, communcatons q u pmnt and papr products

.. . . . . . . . . . .. .

Swdn s, wthout doubt,n of th worlds most h hlydvlopd postndustral so

ts.

Gr'd. . . . ..

Greenland, 1 t he large 4!. iland in he . " .. world i an .. aonomo pa o he .

. kingdom o Denmark. . Greenland i lly inde penden in inernal a :E ' air, while i oreign :

Cnres he Wrld

policy i handled

by Denmark. .. . . . . . . . .

.

3


44/98

BuetootYo hae head

o Be ooh, heechoogy edo he hoagewiee ieco-ecio o obiephoe, cope, ad ohe eec

oic deiceI i aid o beaed ae KigHaad Beooh,cedied wih iig Deak adNoway, a Be

ooh echoogyiie coicaio ad copig.

CogC o Dmk

Pc oJ Wm Loo

W is te UK consiere a

maor wor powe?he Unted Kndom, or UKconssts of four countres untedu nder one monarch a nd overnment he countres are E n la ndScotland Wales and orthernreland Each of these countres

has a dstnct culture and feel ofts own En land has tradtona llybeen the domn ant naton wth nthe UK. People n Scotland andWales have proud naton al tradtons and lan uaes Home Rulefor reland became a maor ssue

n the 9 century reland waspa rttoned and Northern relandbecame a part ofthe U K

C of Loo


45/98

At th binn n of thntury Brtan ommandd a worldwd

mpir that was so vastthat t was alld thEmp r on whih th sunnvr sts' n spt oftwo world wars and thnd ofth mpr, th Krmains a major powr,

wth onsdrabl nflun around th world.

Enlan's Realame!

Egad i fe

ed a a yyfr he UK Thiay be becae fgad' rediace i hei wih cad, ae ad

Nrher IreadThe Briih aye he ae UKr Briai, a heae f heircry

LanoteDutc

The Neher ,'ad ie he ca f heNrh ea The wrd Neherad ea he w ad' agd ae fr a cry whereixy erce f he ee ivebew ea eve I fac, ciei are f he ii ha ef he ad i he cry are eve a ere high fr eaeve Thi ha ade he regire fd ad her ara caaiie ecaai fad fr he ea hrgh dykei a ira feare f heNeherad The ee whive here are caed he Dch

Amtm Ct oft N


46/98

e Lan ote Braest !

I BelgiUmis a small,ensely .( poplae0 conry wi ree

oicial langages Dc,renc, an German.

I lies borering e Norea, wi rance an eNeerlans as isneigbors. ome Belgianowns, noably Tongerenan Tornai, ae backo oman imes, wen

Jlis aesar eclareancien Belgians o bee braest o al lGals'. oay,Belgim is one o emost eailyinstrialize Erope-

an naions.

s read caedmerad se

and was for a on tmundr th u of th Brtsh.Ths ush n sand, ynoff th coast of Btan n thAtantc Ocan has bn thscn of much stf. AftWord Wa , th countrydvdd nto th Rpubcand whch bcam an

Tow of BCt of Bgm


47/98

I C of B

dpn dnt nation, and North-rn rand, which rmaind apart of th Unitd KindomAftr th Rpubic of rlandjoind th E uropan omm unity in 973 it was transformd from a la rly aricul -tura socity into a modrn,hihtchnoloy conomy.

LuxemourgLxembourg i a iycry lyig bewee

Begium, Germay, adace. The orh ha

Aricu tural lowands m aku p most of th i ntrior, w hichis brokn i n placs by low hi s,

and i ncuds considrabl a r-as of bos and aks Thrar coasta mountains to thwst. Dub in is th capita ra nd is ofn cad th Em-ra l d s. Do you know why?t is calld this bcaus th

mi d wintrs and pntiful rai nhav cratd countrysid ofl ush rn Ro in farm an ds,which ar mainly pastur,covr muc h of th cntra l patof th country n Galic, thancint lanua of rand,th country is calld E i r.

C C ofLxmog

eed hill, ad ..o-".h ha gree pareow a o pay' orgod lad'. Lxembourgi be kow or i a- a Europe' mowerul ivemeaageme cere.


48/98

Why ae Geay's cotibtios

to Eoe iotat?ermany s a ountry of nredble

varety tha t l ies n the heart of Europe Its the seventh larestou ntry n Eu rope and ts landsapes rane from oastalflats besde Balt Sea to rver valleys ol l n h l ls and the snow overed Al ps

After World War II Germany was dvded nto the demorat West and theommunst East whh was known asthe German Demorat Republ TheBerln Wall beame the symbol of ths

Coogne

Reichstag, German

Paliament Building

j )ld

s m e

Dig old a he Geaciy of ologe was alos coleelydesoyed by he bobes of he Uiedaes ad Biai hee wee 22 ai sikes i

al l; b iaclosly hogh he

ciy was edced o bble heagifice cahedal of ologewas o hi fe he wa he daaged bildigs wee ickly e-bil ad ologe is oday a ola ois desiaio.

ell e Why


49/98

s on. It fl l n 1 989 an Grmany was runt a yar latr.

Grmany s th worls th r

larst conomy proucnautomobls lctroncqupmnt pharmacutcalsan much mor bss. Asth brthp lac of muscal nusslkBachanBthonGrmanys ft to Europanlasscal musc s mportantIn thouht an wor tooGrmany has ma alua blontr butons for ts mprss hrta whch nclusth works of th all tm

rats l k uthr GothSchllr Ntzsch KantBrcht an homasMann.

hy s wtzerlan alsonown as Heleta?

wtzrlan th bautful

sma l l country of snowy mo un-ta ns an msty laks ls n thhat of Europ. Swtzrlan salso known as Hlta whchwas th nam that th a ncntRomans a ths lan. It wasonc a part of th Roman Em-pr ar th Hlt poplwho ha sttl hr wr conqur by Rom. En toayth nam Hlta appars onSwss cons an stamps. Snc

1815 Swtzrlan has rman

nutral an ao th manywars that swpt across Europ Asa rsult many oranzatons that

pn on ntrnatonal coopra-ton lk th Worl Halth Oranza

P lea e e m e to et to t e

Sw Bak

ton ar locat hr.Moror t has b

com th worl cntrfor bankn.

The PaamenS/dng o!wzeand


50/98

MonacoMoaco is heseco small-

es inepe-e sae in heworl is jsner wosarekilomeresThis narrow

slopig sripalog he Me-ierraneanea, below hecoasal hil ls ooheaserFraceisa

playgronor orisswho are arace by isbalmy climaea he beayo is seing isasohehomeoherich, who arerawn by isaaageosax laws.

Monaco

Why is Ausria sraegicaly impora?usta ncudes much o the muntan

ous tetory o the Eastern Alps, and s a

country o snowelds, lacers, and snowcapped peaks ts poston at the eoaphcal heart o Europe on the key trade route othe Rve Danube has made t statecallymportant

Aian aiamn Biding


51/98

h cntal Euopan land that isnow Austa was

ovrrun n prRo-man tms by vai-ous tibs n 252Ottokar Kn ofBohma andpossssion on y tolos th trrtorsto Rudolf ofHapsbur i n 1 27h powfulHa psbur famiyuld Austra fomany yars buld-

n a mhty m-pr n th procss.Aftr Wold Wa th Hapsbur Emp coapsd andh county wastorn apart aan

dur n Word War oday Austra is afdal rpubconsistn of nnstats t s a hhlyndustraizd na-on and th capi

a Vnna is homo ky intnatonaloranzatons nludi n th ntna-o nal Atomic Eny Ancy

Counties of the Wold

h is France caed 'hexagone bitseope7

A ky pay on th world sta and acounty at th po itcal hat of EuopFanc i s somtims ca ld hxaono th hxaon by ts pop bcaus ofts sx sidd shap Mountains and sasfom natua boundais on a sids x-cpt th northast.

Fancs colonia past s a major con-trbutin factor in th psnc ofa ichlydivs muticutual popuaton t shom to mor than fiv million popof Aab and Afican dscnt Th Frn chRvo uton of 1789 mad Franc on ofth first Euop an nations to ovthow

t" e .Eiel

Tower, he ico o Frace, was

aed aer is ar \chieGsaeEi \

el was bil or he IParis orld's Fairo I1 88, coded o Icoeorae he Ii=' 100aiersary /y o he Frech /

eolio I , '..,


52/98

a mon archy and st p aRpbc. rac todayhas a nmbr of trrto-

ris ovrsas whch, to-thr wth manlandranc and orsca, oto mak p th 26 rons which th contrycomprss. It is on ofth word's major co

nomc powrs, and hasan advancd indstralconomy and an cint farm sctor. Thman ndstrs incldatomobl manfactr, arospac, nformation tchnoloy,lctroncs, chmicalsand pharmactcalsand fashon.

ranc s th thirdlarst contry in E

rop. It s also a land ofrat thnkrs, poltcans, writrs, pantrs,mans, architcts,scintists, flm makrsand fashon dsnrsAmon thm wr Vo

tar, Molr, Victoro, an al Sartr,Albrt ams, Mont,Gain Napolon Bonapart was a rat rnch nral .

52

malle idepede ae iaica iy, he headaeo he oma aholic hrch

Wy do we ay ta Portual asa rc ea ari istory?

ortal occpis th wstrn partof th brian nnsa, and s bor-drd on th north and ast by Span.t s many a flat contry, and farmrsrow a varity of crops n ts coastal

Belem Towe, A WoldHeiage ie inPogal


53/98

i eded by e e i remi wh we rge re y w red by e r ideedee ere ry wihi y w greed i 2 i iy i meey rrded by me d ierere ry wii iy e iy i i mde m eirey ii e r

ns here re lso rocky

onn rnges n s on ns re rch n eoss of coln coer ne hr of heln s covere by fores chof beng vlble cork okshng s lso very ornnsy h srnes n neng he n cches

ver he s 000 yers Porgl hs nesse consnebb n flo of fferen cv lons l s conry h rchsory of sef rng n scov

ery In he 5h cenry Porgs nre re exlorers le by Vsco G sovere ne errores lengo he b l ng ofn oversesere Porgls oer sr

untries the Wr

e o eclne n he le 1 500s

n grlly los l l s colones cors rle Porglfro 1 926 o 1 976 hen revoion shere n he er of eocrcy

a ds m adm s

53


54/98

C of Bco

W s Span a popular

tourst estnaton?igh plaeas and mon-an ranges sch as he Pyr-enees and he Serra Nevadadomnae manland SpanLocaed a he crossroads ofhe Alanc and he Med ier-

ranean Erope and AfrcaSpans hisory and clreare made p of a rch mix ofdiverse elemens Spain has aprod radiion of a r ms icand dance Is hsorc ciiesand fne beaches aracorss by he droves ando rs m s val o he econo-my becase Span has fewnaral resorces

hrogh exploraon andconqes Spain became a

world power n he 16 cen ry and manai ned a vasoverseas empre nl he early 9h cen oday Spain is ademocraic conry

1 . ssa 1 7,075, 000 Sq km2. anada 9,976,139 Sq km3. na 9,561,000 Sq km

4. A 9,372,614 Sq km5. Baz 8,511,965 Sqkm6. Asaa 7,682,300 Sq km7. nda 3,287,263 Sq km8. Anna 2,776,654 Sq km9. Kasa 2,71 7,300 Sq km

1 dan 2,505,813 Sq km

As per some listings U SA is i the position with , , Sq kmad a Chna i wth S m.


55/98

Romanania ws one p of the Ron

Epire, and thentry tkes itse from themns who 0pied it log go.t hs seenneros empires

e nd go, frothe oman, to theOttons, to theAstroHngrins.After World Wr II,theontry wsnder omnist

re. Deortieletions were heldi 990 and1 992,nd omni is now ltiprtyrepbli.

racuas CasteCont Dracla, the vapire is the f-mos harter of Brm Stoker's

novel Drla written in 1 87, set inTransylvania, in Ronia. The char-acter Drala is bsed on Vld IIIDrala, 1 5 entry rle of Wallhia in Romani, who brtally killedpeople and drnk their blood. Bran

Castle,ofTrnsyvni

is ften described asDrals cstle.

Vatcan City 0.44 Sq km2. Monaco 1 .95 Sq km3. Naur 1 .1 0 Sq km4. Tuvau 6.00 Sq km5. San Marino 61 .00 Sq km

6. Lechtenstein 1 60.00 Sq km7. Marshall Isands 1 8 1 .00 Sq km8. St. Kitts Nevis 6.00 Sq km9. Madves 28.00 Sq km Seychel les 308.00 Sq km


56/98

Why is reee alle the rale o iviliza-tion?

Stte n the fr soth of the B lkn Penn-

s l G reece cobnes the toerng ontnsof the nln th over 1400 slns scttere n the eep ble of the Aegen n IonnSes It s the sothernost contry n Eropen the one th the longest costlne helrgest sln s Crete n Mont lyps sthe hghest pont n the contry Greece hs

ntrl hrbors eep v l leys n ontnsIts gnfcent lnscpes nr s nny cl te hve ttrct-e roves of torsts n torss very portnt nstry toyGreece hs one of the bggesterchnt fleets n the orl nthere re l so ny people orkng n ceent or checl fctores n processng foos for export

Greece s one of the crles ofEropen cvlton hose n

cent schors e gret vnces n p h losophy ec ne thetcsn stronoy her ctysttes ere poneersn evelopng eocrtc fors of governent In fct the or eocrcy coesfro the Greek or eos hch enspeople n krt hch e"ns thorty So

s t ny oner tht Greece s c l le the crleof eocrcy?

BlgaranC of oa


57/98

lania and ulgaralbi i al l, oto otry o

t i th Blk Pil, o th trhor of th rti S I th lbi l, th a , lbih b ftr th jti l thtor ovr t lk hih out ro 68 till t ot it ip i , lb w prt of th Turkh tto pir

I 6, th outry b oit rpbliBri i itt i th trn Balk

It w o fl by Byztin ltr w prt of th tto pir for yr bfor ag t p i th th try ftr orl r I, t b

prt of th Sovt Uio, bt i ow ipt tt

Olypich vry firt

ypiGtook p tht Grk ityof yp i 776 B

Th firt lypi of ortiwr h i th

86


58/98

W s t sa tat Ita asa an mortant nuenceon Euoe?

tay s on a pennsula in thevey south of Euope southeastof Frane It s a an famous fo

ts beauty fom the snoypeaks of the Aps to ts geenvineyars

Italy has paye a vey m potant roe in shapng the hstoryan uture of Western Eu ropeo thousan years ago t as

58

Lning Tow of i in Iy

the entre of the vast RomanEmpire hih e a huge arhaeoogial utua l an lter

ary hertage he language ofRome as atn an t is at theoot of many moern Euopeananguages Italy as the brthpae of meieval humanisman the Renaissane hi h asa tme hen artists an sientsts experimente th manyne eas he st of famousItalian artists s long an inues Giotto Bottielli eonaro Mihelangeo intoettoan Caavaggio

Tell Me Why


59/98

Lan o Steppes

oated in Soth East Erope, Ukraine is Erope's seon laret ontry It i a land o Steppes or wide rassy fertile plainsthat are ideal for farin It has lare pokets of heavy indstryin the Eat Ukraine i one o the world's ain entr o sarprodton Ukraine ained inependene aer the ollapse ofthe Soviet Union in 991

hy ae the Czeh Repli an Slovakia onnete?h zch Rpubl ic l is n th hat of

ntal E uop t bcam a n i ndpndnt stat in anuary 993, aft zchosovakia sp t nto th zch Rpublc a ndth Sovak Rpublc, or Sovaka Th

zch capital, rau, has a walth ofhstorc achtctu of dint stylsToday, th zch Rpublic has a obustdmocatictaditon,a h i h ydvlopdconomy, and a ich cu ltura h rita

Th Sovak Rpublc or Slovakia was a-so cratd by th dvison of zchos o

vakia S ovaka has a h story inttwndwth that of ts nhbous, yt t hasprou dly prsrvd ts own anua an ddstnct cultura l taditions

Pg C oCc c

The Rhee he

1 US China

3 Japan4 Inia ermany6 Rsia U8 rane

9 razl10 taly

The Wold Ba k

ankg o f baedon Gro Doec

Podut (GOP)


60/98

Land oouash' Hgry i

. etrl ? rpe i ld"rJAL of rllig hilld pli It

i dlked tte Theestr f the ethiHgri were the g

yr tribe fter etrie pwerf mediev kigdo Hgry w prt fthe ttom d theHpbrg empire frm the etry wrdemergig ideped

et try gi fterrd r I Hgry' til dih i the Glh deliio tew mde fmet potte d id erved with dled blk bred

Prdnl Plclvk

60

Why ws World War I I a terrbe tme or Poand?

olan s n Northcentral E

rope A naton ith a pro cltral hetage Poan can tracets roots back over 000 yeasn the 16 centry Polan asone of the most poerfl conties n E rope here have beenperos of nepenence as

el as peros of omnatonby other contres Several m lon people half of them Jesie n Worl War I ring thisar Polan isappeare fromthe map as it as over n bythe Sovet non an Na Ge

manyoay Polan has a hge

farm ng sector ag rclt re acconts for about sxty peof the contrys total lan areaPoan is rich n natral mineal


61/98

esorces inclng ron inc copper rock salt he Welcka salt mne

:onstrcte i n the 1 centry contans entre town below gron wth aanatorim theatre chrch an cafeveryth ng from stars to chan el ers ismae from salt he contry has hasome sccess n creatng a market economy an attractng foregn nvestment

Famo s Poles in cle the astronomerCopen ic s the composer Ch op in thescentst Mara Skloowska Cre flm

nrie f the Wrl

Pan's CapitaWasa

makers Roman Poanskan Krystof Keslowsk an the latePope JohnP al I

W e e s

6 1


62/98

Wh o we sa that Croataha a turuent past

A couty of stk natual

bauty wth a stunn coast n Coata s a fom Yuosavpubc o th Adatc Sa It smad up of fat pas aloth Huaan bod owmoutas and hhads ath Adatc coastl ad s-ads Th ads that today

comps Coata w pat ofth Austouaa Empunt th cos of Wold Wa I . l

9 8 th Coats Sbs adSlovns fomd a kdomknown a 929 as YuoslavaCoata bcam a dpdt stat n 99 , fo low thbaku of th om Yuo

A ach n Coaa

Soenaor ajor ropean eoraphi reion eet in Sovenia the

lp the Dinari area the Pannonian Plain an the editerra-nean Thi ontaino ontry wa one part of the troHnarian pire ater it beae one of Yolavia ix ontitent repbli Preentay Slovenia beae indepenent in1 1 , a Yolavia fel l apart Slovenia lie on the ain roadand rail rote between rope and the Balkan ontrie andthi ha helped in developin trade between Slovenia and ontrie like tria Italy rane and Gerany

62 el Me Why


63/98

savia Six world hrita sitsand iht nationa parks barwitnss to roatias immnscultura and natura wathTourism is an important in-dustry and th main xports ar chmicascoths food and machinry Moo i Mcdoi

/ h is Macedonias histo inteest-ing?h historic country of Macdonia was

onc th Kindom of Macdon ru d by Alx-andr th Grat t is a smal andockd country

locatd in th cntra Ba kan n insua in Southast

rn Europ Ovr many cntu ris it was xploitd by thRomans Byantins Buars and th Srbs bfor finallybin conqurd by th Ottoman Em pi r Whn th Ottoman

Empir brok up Macdonia was dividd up btwn GrcBularia and Srbia. Latr it bcam a part of Yuoslavia unti1 99 1 , whn it bcam an ind pndnt stat

I m romacedona

ndustris produc cmnt st and

cotton oods oppr lad inc an d ch romit ar mind Tou rism is a cons idrab factor in Macdonia's conomy asth county abounds in natura bautyand cu tu ra attractions

Oid i Mcdoi


64/98

64

Why does Yugoslavia havea troubled history?

t the end of World War I anew country whch was com-posed of more than twentyethnic groups was formed Itwas Yugoslava. The namemeans Land ofthe South Slavs'and country was named afterthe South Slav people who hadinvaded the Balkan Pennsulaa roun d 500 AD.

Today Yugoslava as a nation

no longer exsts but the coun

Sarajevo, Capital ofBosnia and Herzgovina

tres that created theformer Yugosava stilldo. They are Seba Mon-tenegro Macedona,Croata Kosovo SovanaBosna and Herzegovna.There were many reasonsfor the split and destuc-ton of what was Yugosla-va.

Bosnia HerzegovinaTe region tat makes up Bosnia and Herze-

govina was part of the Roman Empire in ancienttimes After World War I te land became part ofYugoslavia, bu gained independence wen Yu

goslavia broke up into different states Sarajevo,te capital of this country as a great istorical

significance Archduke Franz Ferdinand , heir to Austrianthrone, and is wife were assassinated on June 28 1 9 14by a Bosnian Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip, i n Sarajevo,wich was te trigger for World War I.


65/98

Wh ae Moooan Westen Sahaa speal amongoth Aanountes?

orocco sse ihboh Alncn Meierrnen cos

l nes b h rgge oni nos ineror sye neenen for cenres h il e evelong rch cle blene

froAbeberEroenn Afcn inflences Is ferilelns srech long he Meenenand Atlantc coasts, and ae backed byhe g een vl leys of he Als Mon nsBeyon he Als Monns l ies he Shr eser h i le o he soh of Mo rocco

s he Wesern Sh h Mooccoclis s is on Morocco nnexe heterritory in 1 975, and a g uei l la wa wthAlgerinbcke roneenence foces ene in 1 99 1 N eors hve fi leo brek he ol ic l elock

fr theeod rgetotet d three tethe e ofrope


66/98

Why i Aleria a very hotcountry?

lia s a atway btwn

Afica an d Eu rop t lis in North-wst Afca, and xtnds from thshos of th Mdtanan alth way south to Mal i an d N . tis a county tha t has bn battrdby vio lnc ov th past hafcntuy t was undr th Fnch fo

1 20 yas, an d aind ts ind-pndnc in 962 Mor tha n amil ion Alrans wr kid int h fi ht for in dpndnc fromFanc in 1962 and th countyhas cntly mrd from a bu-ta i ntrna confct that fol owdscappd lctions n 992.

h Sahaa dst covs morthan fourfifhs of th and, so A-a s a vy hot county i nddh i n hab tants of th Sah aa a r

Co BgAg

OoosIt Vanshed!

, I

0 I ,

concntratd n oass su-roundd by ds h coun-try supp s ar amounts ofnatual as to Europ

3 Sao Tome andPrincipe. icroneia Tona6. Dominica7. St itt and evi8. Samoa omoro

1 renada

he Wod Ba anng o baed o GoDoet odut GD


67/98

A ae' Own Country!Chad a landloed

ountry that le n the

hea of oh Afra Ahue lae, ae Chad,le wthn t borderThe land to the outh ofthe lae fertle, and hatropal foret It wa arenh olony from 1 920

to 1 960

hy Tuna a ln be-tween two ulture?

nisia he Nohenmosnaion i n Afria is he in k be-

ween Erope ha lies be-yond he Medieranean Seain he Norh and he es ofAfria in he SohWhea oranges and ol-ives are grown i n he feile norhen valleys hesoh is a dry and barenregion where sa akesdo he bning desesands However heSoh is imporan be-ase i has oi and phos-

phaes ha aon forhalf ofnisia's expos

C k

I n he pas he Romans Aabs oman rks andFrenh had realied nisia'ssaegi signifiane and

made i a hb fo onrol ovehe region Frenh olonialle ended in 1 956 and ni-

sia beame an in-dependen saenisia is he fisArabi onin whih wom-en had hevoe

M oJ Moq

o Ko T


68/98

DustyContinent

e ontinent ofAfria i naed after the Afridi tribewho live in TniiaThe word afridi' intrn oe fro thearab afra' whih eandty and Afria anreally be alled thedty' ontinent Thenae Afria ae intoetern e throhthe Roan whoed the nae Afria terra or land ofthe Afri' for thenorthern paof the ontinent

Wy is Egypt known as 'the

gift of te ile'?gypt the rgest Arb on-

try s lote n noth est Afr-theSn Penns sthe onyporton stte n As

n Egypt the Rver N e retes

fertle green vley ross theesert The rver floos everyyer levng behn rh blkm tht s el for grongrops It s ong the bn ks ofthe Nle tht one of the oestvtons n the orl begn

Even toy Egypts teem ng t-es n lmost l grtrltvty re onentrte longthe bnks of the N e n on thervers elt Wthot the NeEgypt ol be esert for onlyn nh o f r n fl s eh yer Its

no oner tht Egypt s knons the g of the Nle

SenegaleRepb

li of Seneal

Wow! What a'gfte bath

F oi a develp-in et Afri-an ontry

It apital i Dakar Seneal ha beenheld p a one of Afria' odel de-oraie It ha an etablihed lti-pay yte


69/98

The Suez CanalTe Suez l i a waterway

that lik the editerrea Sed the Red Se It eparate theotiet of fri d i Thel trethe over 193.30 kilo-etre d h hed the fae of ritie t i oeof the retet eieeri fet of oder tie Te Sez li ipoat bee otherwie if yoe wated to il fro -rope to i they wold have to trvel ll te way arod fri

Why wa Liya in the newrecent?

ibya i a Norh Arican counry A ormer Roman colony Libya a moly a deer counrywhich aw nvaion by he Van

da Byzanne Arab Turand more receny aian beore gaining independence n1 9 5 1 l wa dcovered in 1959,

L C o

and made he ae wealhy Inac ibya can be decrbed awaer poor oi rch counry. Thelarge waer developmenprojec ever deved he GreaManMade Rver rojec bring

waer rom aquier under heSahara o hecoaal ciie. Since1969 hi ormer Ialan colonyndependen nce 1 9 5 1 , habeen an auhoraran ocalae under Muammar Gaddaiand h deah a he hand orebel uppored by NAT(Norh Alanc Treay rganizatiOn ) made headline al over heord.


70/98

Maili i a land of river

and dee ittin

atride one of the worldmot hitori tradinroute Caravan routehave paed throuhMali ine A 300 Thiland loked ountry liein etern Afria

or everal deadeafter independenefrom rane in 1 960Mali uered drouhtreellion a oup and23 year of military ditatorhip But ine itfirt demoratia"y-eleted preident tookpower in 992 it hahad a ivilian overnment and enjoyed relative politial taiity

70

h frits v

from Mai

Wy doe Suan ave a arowin eonomy?

ua is a couty i Nothast-

Afica t is th ast cou ty iAfica, a tth ast i thwo y aa ts hu aa hasu i sts wi assy p ais,a stamy aifosts Th RivNi a its vaious achs with i way a ov th couty Th

capita is Khatoum, which svsas th poitica, cutua , a com-mcia ct of th ation

Aft aii ipc i 96 Sua su yas of civiwa By 983 isputs vlopito a civil wa that cotiu til

200 without any ituptio Sua spit it o two coutis i u y20 a th pop of th southvot fo ipc Rich iatual soucs such as pto-um a cu oi , Sua s coomy

iscuty amost th fastst

owin i th wo

b k- A UNECO oH

r ; . -


71/98

V of o b

Why s Lbera cal leby ths name?

bea s n WesenAfa I s Afa's oldes epub and asfounded by feedAmean and ab

Cories of he Word

A Lan of LaesUana s a lan locecountry n Central AfrcaLae Vctora, the seconlarest freshwater lae nthe worl, les n UanaSnce nepenence,Uana has h an unsettle hstory, wthmany chanes of overn-ment Uana was unerthe cruel ctatorshp ofI Amn, from 195 to003 However, toay ts on the roa to becomn a relatvey stable,an peaceful countryKampala s the captalcty

bean slaves n 822 hene s namehh means feed land Hoeve -bea s mosy made up of nave Afans h he slaves desendansompsng only fve peen of hepopu laon hs has ed o muh u nesand v a Fna l ly yeas of v sfeee bough o a ose n 99, henfee and open pesdenal and legsa

ve eleons ee hedbea s ho and seamy and heoasal plans se o a m ou nanous neo ha s oveed by foess an d a-eed by ves Haf he people lve nv l lages of mud hus

1


72/98

unea anu nea ssau

inea i ne fthe rihet ntriein fria Sitated nthe et Cat f fria, inea beamea renh lny in the19 entry, and at

ria The Kalahari

Deert, hme t adwindlin band fBhman hnteratherer, make pmh f the territryBtwana i ne ffria mt table

ntrie, and thentinent netntin mti-pay demray t irelativey free f r-rptin, and ha f-ten been alled a

mdel frian n-try t i al thewrd laret prder f diamnd,and the trade hamade it prper

Why was hana alle the lCoast?hana is a country in Africa that l ies

on the Greenwich Meridian. Presentday Gh ana was made p numbe of in dependent kngdoms In 482 thePotguese establ ished the fist Eu o

pean fort at E mi na. Trade was begu nlargely in gold and sl aves and ntensecompettion developed among manyEuopean nations for trading advantage. ln additon to ivoy and gold G ha nawas exportng palm ol pepper andcon by the md 800s By 902 the

Brtsh had driven out all other Euopean owes and named thei new

ndpndn An n


73/98

tained independenein 1 9

uinea Biau i a

mall ountry wededbetween Seneal anduinea It wa a Pou-uee olony that beame independent in1974.

W ere yukee all t e gl f

t i gl ca t?

B ritsh olony th GoldCoast. Th ontry bam ndpndnt in

1 97 an d was rnamdGhana. It mgd asth ist o ntry n Aria soth o th Saharato rgain indpndn om olonial r

:ounties of the Wold

Ob P A G P Ng

Why ieria oen aled teant of Afra'?

igra s loatd i n Wst Aia It sotn alld th giant o Aria' bas o th vastnss o th land andts hg poplation In at Ngrahas th argst popaton in thontnnt with ovr 1 0 mi l lon pop. Nigra gts ts nam rom thRv Ngr that lows throgh thontry

oday Ngia s th most mpor-tant ontry pota lly and onomi-

al y n Wst Aa. It ha s hg o rsrvs whi h hav mad it th hstontry in th a ra.

O m yrver N er ama Ngera He

m e

73


74/98

hat make thi-opia o peial?

thiopia a land-oked ou ntry n thenortheat Arian re-gion known a the

Horn o Aria Someo the hghet andmot tun ni ng plaeon the Aran ont-nent are ound hereuh a the jaggedyarved S men Mountan. Some o thelowet ban areound here too uha the hot but a-natng Danakl De-preion with t ul-

phur umarole andlu narl ike an dapeOriginally aled

Abyinia Ethiopa iAra' odet ndependent ounty A

7

A Abb of Eo

haeoogt have ound the remain othe oldet known human anetor nEthopia

Cameroon' Caeoon i a Central fian nation on he f of inea I i heC hoe of the weern lowand oilla whih ifain exintion ont Caeroonhe hihe montain in Cameooni the hihet point in the whole ofCenal fia Caeoon i famofo it paion fo footbal l Yaondei he apital

Wo of oo


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TanzaniaTanzaniai the aret

ountry in

Mo Ko

at AfriaAfria hihetpoint, Mountilimanjaro, thedormant vola-no, i in Tanza

nia Tanzania a-umed itpreent form in1 964 after amerer betweenthe mainlandTananyika and

the iland ofZanzibar

the h igha nd s whee Na iobi the capital issituated West o Na iobi the la nd descends

to the Geat Rit Val ey which is a 6437 ki lo-metes ong tea in the Ea th's cust

W ha enaeen deried ate radle of umanit?

enya is a countyin East Aica thatlies on the equato.Most Kenyans l ive in

Kenya has been descibed asthe cadle o humanity' be-cause scientists have discov-eed some o the eaiest evi-dence o man's ancestos i n

t h e G eat Rit Val ley. With itsscenic beauty and abun-dantwildlie Kenya isoneo Aica's majo saaidestinations.

No canceof ge ng afoss from

ere

Te Shoet War in itor

e Britih Zanzibar war of 1896 whih lated for about 38minute, i the hoet war in hitory The eond on ofthe Sultan of Zanzibar fored hi way onto the throne in thebelief that he had the uppo of Germany The Britih im-mediately delared war, and bombarded the Sultan palae ithin 38 minte, the Sultan rrendered

Countes of the Wod 7


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The Republic oCongo

Cono lie in Centra rica, next oor to theDeocratic Republic o Cono, which wa earlier

known a Zaire It wa a orer rench colony, an wagrante inepenence in 1 960 It ha a all population

that i concentrate in the country' outhwet, witha viually uninhabite junle n the north -

Brazzavil le i the capital

Why Angola a poo coun-ty with high ate o nantmotalty?

goa s Southwest Arica.plored y the Portugueseavigator Diego Cao i 482

Agoa ecame a ik tradewth Ida ad Southeast AsiaIt was a Portuguese cooy or00 years ad was a majorsou rce o saves or Portuga l. 1 7, Agola ecame i de-pedet However civi war or

27 years has ravaged the coutry aer d eped ece. As a resu t Agoa s oe o the poorest coutries the world althoug h it is oe o Arics majoro producers Almost ha A

goas chi d re a re out o school4 percet suer chroc mal-utrtio ad a uarter o alchldre de eore ther ihirthday accordi g to U N CF.

T F Ao


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W was ama gen ts name?a bi a s bordered on t e West by te

Atanti Oean and sares and borders

wt Sout Ara Botswana an d Angoa. Itis a arge and sparsey popuated ountryDeserts oupy u o te andsape andtei r dunes take on sapes and oours a-ording to te eeents. e ountry getsts nae ro te oasta Naib Desert Itaso boasts gaeri grassands and aseiard Centra Pateau arge trats ow are gven over to vestok arng.

C Nb

ov

Gerany took ontro o te a rea wt aed Sout West Aria n te ate 800s e disovery o d aon ds in 908propted an nux o uropeans SoutAria seized t dur ing Word War and ad

instered it under a League o Natonsandate e Naibians aeved nde-pendene n 990 aer a bus war o aost 25 years oday N aibias eonoyis based on ining osty diaondsseep an d atte raning an d sn g

otes of the World

MozamqueMozambielie on the etot of frSnd dne ndwmp ivewy to fltplinndhih, ry pl-te The lnd irih in ntrlreore, in-ludin ol nddimond How-ever, farmin it ll the minoupationThe Poesehave domintedMozmbqehitory for lmot 500 yer

In 1 975, fteryer of errill waare, Mo-zmbiqefinally wonfreedom

77


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/ALN CountrieC u r r e n t l y

United ationhave 93 mem-ber

Wy i Sout Ari-ca cale the rain-ow nation?

outh Arca oAica outhr tip

Aroud 24000 yaago tib o hutgathrr kow aSa or Buha occupid th ad I

I ovem y ranbownaton

78

T Db Mo o

th 400 th uopa ard. hNtad tablihd Cap ow i

652 ad Dutc arr ca d Bo b-ga tt i g a ou d th city. 9 9 thBiti catd South Aica by uitigou o thir cooi. Sout Aica ab a docatic pub ic ic 994.Agrcutu tour ad auactuighav ad South Aica a popou

coutry. South Aica i ao ich i da-od patiu gold ad otr i-a . Dd you kow tat t coouu ix opopl a d cu tu r ha g iv Sout Aicat icka o 't a i bow atio?

Three CapitalSouth Arica ha three

capital Pretoria i itadminitrative capita,

Cape Town i the eiative capita,and Boemontein i the home o thejudiciary

e Me Wh


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o o Zbb

o e et t ne?imbabwe i a laded laea i

e Aia. T e S a ee ede ad il e i ii exea ived i e 850 Tee wa a ma-ive i lx eige , wi ed eeab i me e eiy Rdeia,amed ae CeiRde e i

i S AiaCmay. e ewae imbabwebeame ly ide-ede i Ai1 980, ae 5 yea ivi wa. Te

y ae iame m Geaimbabwe, a iiedadig b bil imedieva ime bye Sa ibe

Old is notgold Our newnam e is good

o o 0M

oonMauritiu agroup of ilanhe country' na-tional ymbol ithe ooa flight-le bir that hanow become ex-tinct Mauritiubecame ine-penent in 1 96an in 1 99 be-came a republiche Blue Penny ione of the raretan mot valua-ble tamp in theworl It wa i-ue n Mauritiuin 1 47 Onlyeight ue, anfour unuetamp are le inthe worl


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Why s Madaascar sometmes calledthe ehth connent'? Wecome o our own

con inen adaasca is an isand in th ndian

Ocan o th coast o sout h ast Aica. tbok away om continntal Aica about 50 m i l ion yas ao, and om continntaAsia 90 m i l ion yas ao Bcaus o its isolation, most o its mammas, bids, andpa nts xist nowh s on ath . Today,

Madaasca is on o th w placs on

ath that stil l has ay u nxpod aas:- c. 2 : - _ ts nith Aica no Asia, but a wodap at. n many ways, it is i k aminiatu continnt andthat iswh y it has bnsomtims ca ll d

th 8 contiW h y

has Sonnt.mala be

come a centreor pracy?omalia, situatd

in th Hon o Aica,

lis aon th Gul oAdn and th ndianOcan. Somaia bcam in

bighipi comng Ma b ea good ca ch for

m e

80

d p n d nt i n 960, but has

maind a toubld and poocountry. n act, Somaia has

bn without an ctiv ovnmnt sinc 99 .

Soma ia wats a ich i n ish,but th wak ovnmnt hadno authoity to patol its coastawats. As a sut, oin commcial vssls swoopd in to

cast thi nts. This pom ptdloca ishmn to attack oin ishin vsss and dmand compnsation Th succss o ths aly aids in thmid990s psuadd manyoun mn to han up thints, and mak p iacy thi oc-cupation om th, thy otdy, and statd attackinvyon. By th ay 2000s,thy w hijackin any vssthy coud siz

Tell Me Why


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hy Canada ar oun-try?

No eriai arond wie e ize of

rope.

i sthe seco gest cout i thewo. The skimos wee possibthe ist settes o

the eezig Noth Theist Euopes to ivewee the Vikigs i 000 ADThe ich ishig gous, the chce to te ius, ttcte t h e Fech the Bitish, the

c ime the s i the est. 763 Biti gi e co-to o C. To, C- is govee b its owHouse o Commos.

C is ich coutbecuse o its vst tuesouces t is the wosgest expoe o timbe,ppe, oest poucts.C hs high mo

eize muctuig i-ust too, po uci g eve-thig om cs to ceuit.


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Why i the nite State referre to a a melt ing pot'?e nied Sae o Amera i o

aed n Nor Ameria. I made po 50 ae, a n d e r o Co mbia . a g monan in ewe, and a va enral pan. e

andape varie rom ropiabeae and ore, oaring nowad peak, jagged monain, roln g prare and barren deer. ereare many naral wonder oo, likeeaweinpring Grand Canyon, emgy Mipp River, and emaei Yoemie aley

For enre, naive people adoped e regon a nowknown a e ned Sae. In e1 7 enry, eer moved rom

Poerty i n SA

SaefL ertyState oibey at

the entrance to ewYork Harbor, i aymbol of welcome

to immigrant Dedi-cated in 1 6 it wathegiftoftherenchcommemorating thealliance of anceand the US dringthe merican Revo

ltion

rope o Amera, wey al led e New World,and Bran eabed aoony ere. e eerog or ei r n depend-ene rom Bran n e18 enry, and delaredndependene n 1 776rogo i ory, ened Sae a been a

e latet repo eleaed by the en Brea of" merica how that moe than 49 million (16%) of the people in the world richet nation wee living in povey in 01 0 The povey rate oared to it high. et level ince 1 993 a per the oicial calclation8 Tel Me Wy


83/98

Lanothe Mape

Tree

No

F ofCTe mapeleaf s the centrepece o thenatonal fla of Canaa an has be-

come the most promnent Cana-an symbol nternaton-

Why has Mecobeen nluenceby erent cu-

tures?ally also Mxico i a an of g at

L_-- civiization t Maa, tnation of mmgant. Poplfrom Englan,ranc, Ital, Gman, Scannavia,an Eat Erop, in-

cng Jw, allflock r narc of a bttrlf. In aton, thra th cnantof t lav whow broght hrfrom Africa, a wlla Aan an atnAmrcan too. I tan wonr, tat tnt Stat known a a mltng

pot of popl fromall ovr th worl It tl t rchtcontr n th worlan a mig ht mi l tar powr.

Coutres o the World

Omc, t Totc an tAztc T Aztc wr conq bt Span n 1521T Spani tnl Mxico for t nxt 300 a, nti t Mxican rvot, an won inpnnc in 1 821 Mxico wtoto bt, a ric mix ofcl t T popar t cnnt of t Maan, Az-tc, o ot Nativ Amica n Otrar mtzo, wt mx Spani anNatv anctr

Mxico a t con lagt con

om in Latn ca

Mx C - Mo C


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84

hy is icaragua facingifficult times?

caraua s the larestcountry n Centra Ameica. Itis a beautu county, withsteep orested valleys andseveral vocanoes.

he Spansh rst settledNcaraua n 1 522 he coun-

try won ndependence in1 838 For the next centuy,Nicaraua's politcs weedomnated by the competi-ton o powe between the

beals and the Consevatives he United States became invoved in the stule, and ts toops stayed nthe country o neay 20years, untl they were drvenout in 936

oday, Nicaraua is acindcu t times, an d s stvin

to overcome the ae eectso dictatosh ip, civi war andnatural caamties, whchhave e its economy nshambles.

M N Cp

Argentinargentina is the secon largest country in South

America The Spanish came to Argentina believingit to be rich in silver eposits In fa the name rgentina isfrom the Latin wor argentum meaningsilver Argentina became inepenent in 1 1 6, anBuenos Aires became its capital

Te e Why


85/98

o p of E o

ow I Salvao et ts name?I Salvado s the smaest ad most

desely poplated coty i Ceta

Ameica It bodes the Pacifc Oceaad ts aow plai s backed by a cha of vocaic mota s ad a fetie pa-tea H ee thee ae may sma l l fams aswel as foests of oak ad pi e The ichvolcaic sois make it ideal fo coffeeplatatios

The ame E Savado is the Spaishfo the savio' o ess C hist heSpa is h coqeed this eio i 1 524EI Savado with the othe coties ofCetal Ameica decaed ts i deped-ece fom Spai 1 82 1 , ad was pa ofa fedeatio of Ceta Ameica states

Howeve that io d isso lved 1 838.Today E I Savado has a d emocatic ovemet whch has show sccess povid i mafact ijobsbtfacesthe challees of povety cime adatal d isastes

Cotes of the Wod

Tn a anTao

Trndad and To-bao le n the arbbean Sea o theNoheat oat ofVenezela TheSpanh, and thenthe Brth ledthee land ntl962 when tane nepend-ene In 1 976 Trn-da and Tobaobeame a repblMost of the land-ers are esendantof laves

from Afr

a O l s the betndst

o of p p of oo


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Bnn epbliHondr whih men depth' in Spnih

i nmed fter the deep Cribben Se tht

tht form it nohern border Bnn rethe min rop of the Hondr nd in theerly 1 990' the USA owned l the bnnpnttion in the Hondr whih vethem ret power over the wek overn-ment Thi ve rie to the phre 'bnn re-pbli' whih h ome to men mll po

litilly ntble ontry tht i eonomillydependent on ine export ommodity

Tk TWhy i Tikl fint in?ika wa one of the majo citie of

the Mayan civilization, an it fo-ihe fom the 6th to the 0th centyAD It ha magnificent temple, pa-ace, h ine, tomb , teace, plazaan home

n the ninth centy, the Mayanwol wa tne pie own Manyof the geat cente ike Tika wee

eerte no one eay knowSoon the ng le covee a the magnificenttcte Theyemaine hi-enfocentie,nti the in

wee icoveei n 1 80, an theipleno haatonihe thewo ika i inGatemaa

Tel Me


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H

W is Costa Ricacae te Switzerano Centra America'?

ota Rica i in CntaAmica Cota Rica wain aitd y an timatd400000 nd ia n o NativAmican wn Com- xpod it in 0T Span i conq t -

ga n in 4 and tyca d t and Cota Ricao t ic coat caty togt it migt ic in god

oiiaBoiia is situate in te ea

o Sout America. Moern oi-

ia was once a pa o nca EmpireTe Spaniars eeate te Incasin te 1 6centur an rue tean or 200 ears. Te countrwon its inepenence in 1 25an was name aer Simn Bo-ar te amous ierator o te

Sout American Wars o Ine-penence.

Cota Rica acivd i ndpndncin 8 t cam a p ic in 848

Cota Rica a tood ot o it ta-

iity and a nitd om tmot dvopd wa ytm int gion t a no tand ing amyan d it citizn noy on o t ig -t i xpctancy v in tWtn mip and tt iving tandad tan mot o Cnta

Amica t i on cad t Swit-za nd o Cnta Amica cao it ptation o pac poiticataiity and popity

C C


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W was ua alle suga isla'?ba is the larest isla nd in a rop o 1 500 is lands i n the

Caribbean that are a lso known as CbaChistophe Col mbs anded on the isand i n 492 and

by 5 1 Spaniards had estab ished settlements here Ac-cordin to eend it was the Spanish who boht sacane cttin s to the is and. The cttins wee p la nted andrown by the oca peope who were qicky tned intoslaves. n the ealy 800s C bas sarcan e ind stry

boomed reqiin massive nmbers o black saves ands a q ickly became the conerstone othe Cban economy. By mid1 9th centry Cba provided abot a thi rd o thewods sa and C ba came to be known as sar isandI n 1 933 a op of amy oices overthrew President Geardo Machado Flencio Batista became pesident in1 940 He wa s ate ovethown by Fide Casto ate a evotion Fide s bot a Casto is n psient -

Voooooo is a eligio tat as its

igi i Aia Tis eligi is sait e aous o a

Countries of the World (Gnv64)

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Transcript of Countries of the World (Gnv64)