COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST STORM SURGE May 24th, 2006 Susumu Murata Coastal Development Institute of...
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Transcript of COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST STORM SURGE May 24th, 2006 Susumu Murata Coastal Development Institute of...
COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST STORM SURGE
May 24th, 2006
Susumu Murata
Coastal Development Institute of Technology, Japan
Major Typhoon Disasters in JapanMajor Typhoon Disasters in Japan
Kitty( 1949 )Ise-wan
( 1959 )
Ruth( 1951 )
Jane( 1950 )
2nd Muroto( 1961 )
Muroto( 1934 )
Kano-gawa( 1958 )
No. 13( 1953 )
No. 26( 1966 )
No. 18( 1991 )No. 18
( 2004 )
No. 23( 2004 )
No. 16( 2004 )
Damage by Typhoon Ise-wan (Sep. 26th, 1959)Damage by Typhoon Ise-wan (Sep. 26th, 1959)
【 Damage 】● The Number of Victims
Dead or Missing 5,098○The Number of Buildings Destroyed Completely or Half 151 ,973
Levee breaches and inundation disasters
Timbers and logs washed away to apartment houses
Tokyo Bay ( Yokohama ~Chiba )
Ise Bay ( Kawagoe ~ Tokai )
Osaka Bay ( Ashiya ~ Osaka )
Below High Water Level
Tokyo Bay
Ise Bay
Osaka Bay
Total
Area ( km2 ) 116 336 124 577
Population (thousand)
1,760 900 1,380 4,040
1:500000
140 ‹E
35 ‹N
36 ‹N
140 ‹E
35 ‹N
36 ‹N
1:500000
137 ‹E
34 ‹N
35 ‹N
137 ‹E
34 ‹N
35 ‹N
1:500000
135 ° E
34° N
35° N
135 ° E
34 °N
35 °N
■ : Below T.P.±0m■ : Below High Water Level■ : Below High High Water Level
Storm Surge High Risk Areas in 3 Major Bay RegionsStorm Surge High Risk Areas in 3 Major Bay Regions
Tokyo Bay ( Tokyo Port ) Ise Bay ( Nagoya Port ) Osaka Bay ( Osaka Port )
ForceIse-wan Typhoon ( Sep. 195
9 ) Ise-wan Typhoon ( Sep. 1959 ) Ise-wan Typhoon ( Sep. 1959 )
Projected Storm Surge Height
T.P. +3.0~4.0 m
T.P. +4.5 m T.P. +3.9 m
Storm Surge Deviation
2.0~3.0 m 3.5 m 3.0 m
HWL T.P. +1.0 m T.P. +1.0 m T.P. +0.9 m
Course Worst Scenario Ise-wan Typhoon Muroto Typhoon
Conditions of Seawall Design
High Water Level (HWL)
Wave Wash
AllowanceProjected Seawall Height
Projected Storm Surge Height
Seabed
Deviation from HWL by Storm Surge
How to Determine Height of Seawall against Storm SurgeHow to Determine Height of Seawall against Storm Surge
Projected Seawall Height = HWL + Storm Surge Deviation + Wave Wash + Allowance
Wave Storm Surge
【 Sufficiency of Seawall Height 】
◎Once seawalls are breached by a disaster beyond projection, serious damage will occur in these areas.
◎Steady Development of Facility & Enhancement of Credibility of Facility◎Promotion of Damage Minimization Measures Preparing for Serious Flooding Situation
◎Aging of facilities protecting areas lying at sea level is progressing.
◎65% of seawalls in Japan have sufficient height.◎93% of seawalls in 3 major bay areas have sufficient height.
【 Many facilities were constructed more than 40 years ago in 3 major bay areas. 】
~ 1960
1961 ~ 1965
1966 ~ 1975
1976 ~ 1985
1986 ~
Unknown
Sufficient
Temporarily Sufficient
Insufficient
Unknown
22 %2959km
5 %657km
9 %1176km
All Japan
93 %285km
4 %13km
3 %8km
65 %9000km
全 327km
50%
12%
15%
10%
10%3%
327km
Problem with Storm Surge in Areas Lying below Sea LevelProblem with Storm Surge in Areas Lying below Sea Level
3 Major Bay Areas
Recommendation by Panel on Storm Surge Control Measures in Areas below Sea Level (January 2006)
Ⅰ Basic aspects of storm surge control measures in areas below sea level
・ Need of damage minimization against large-scale inundation
・ Future Storm Surge Control Measures in Areas below Sea Level
Ⅱ Specific measures to be taken
1.Measures to fully prevent inundation through the existing storm surge defense plans
ⅰSteadily constructing storm surge defense facilities
ⅱSecuring the reliability of disaster defense facilities
ⅲEnhancing normal management system
2.Damage minimization measures against large-scale inundation
ⅰMinimizing inundated areas
ⅱShifting to a way of living free from inundation damage
ⅲEnsuring quick and safe evacuation and relief
ⅳKeeping facilities operational for rapid relief, restoration and rehabilitation
Future Storm Surge Control Measures in Areas below Sea LevelFuture Storm Surge Control Measures in Areas below Sea Level
3.Accumulation and dissemination of storm surge defense knowledge
4.Additional challenge to be undertaken to ensure the security against storm surge disasters
ⅰInvestigations and studies concerning the evaluation of structural strength of storm surge protection facilities against external forces
ⅱInvestigations and studies concerning the evaluation of probability of storm surge as a design external forces
ⅲInvestigations and studies concerning the refinement of storm surge protection facilities inspection methods for their efficient maintenance, repair technology and deterioration control measures
ⅳInvestigations and studies concerning the development of methods for quickly restoring levees breached by storm surge
ⅴInvestigations and studies concerning protection measures against sea level rise due to global warming and land use in coastal areas
ⅵInvestigations and studies concerning disaster protection systems (including tax and insurance systems) in coastal areas
Urgency of Large-Scale EarthquakeUrgency of Large-Scale Earthquake
c.f.【 Encounter Risk in 30 years 】
Killed (Traffic Accident): 0.2%Injured (Traffic
Accident): 20%
Killed or Injured (Fire): 0.2%Encountered (Fire): 2%
【 Probability of great earthquakes occurring in 30 years 】
Nemuro (M 7.9 )40 %
Tokachi (M 8.1 )0.5 %
Sanriku North( M 8.0)7 %
( M 7.1 ~ 7.6)90 %
Miyagi(M7.5) 99%
Minami Kanto(M 6.7~7.2) 70%
Taisho Kanto(M7.9) 0.9%
Genroku Kanto(M 8.1 ) 0 %
Tokai(M 8.0)86%
Tonankai(M 8.1 )60 %
Nankai (M 8.4 )50 %
SadogashimaNorth (M 7.8 )
6 %
Akita(M 7.5)3%
Hokkaido North West(M 7.8)0.1%
Hyuganada (M 7.6 )10 %
Sanriku ~ Boso・ Tsunami (M 8.2)20 %・ Rift (M 8.2 ) 7 %
Akinada ~ Bungosuido(M 6.7 ~ 7.4 )
40 %
Yonagunijima(M 7.8 ) 30 %
Sanriku South( M 7.7)70 ~ 80 %
Enhancement of Reliability of Coastal Protection Facility
Development of Coastal Protection
Facility ◎ Promotion of Hazard Map Preparation
◎ Systemization of Storm Surge & Tsunami InformationCollection & Dissemination
◎ Inspection of Seawall & Flood Gate Condition
◎ Management of Facility Condition including Maintenance & Repair based on Inspection Record
◎ Minimization of Damage to Property as well as Life
Protect Life Protect Property
Urgent Steady
Approach to Storm Surge & Tsunami DisasterApproach to Storm Surge & Tsunami Disaster
Facilitation ofEvacuation
Non-Facility Approach Facility Development
① Automation and remote control of gates ② Disaster prevention center ③ Functional upgrade of Seawalls
① Automation and remote control of gates
⑥Evacuation routes
②Disaster prevention center
⑤Information transmission facilities
③Functional upgrade of seawalls
Tsunami !
Storm Surge!
④ Hazard map ⑤ Information transmission facilities ⑥ Evacuation routes
④ Hazard map
Urgent plan for risk management on tsunami and storm surge disasterUrgent plan for risk management on tsunami and storm surge disaster