Could the H0 Tension be Pointing Toward the Neutrino Mass ...€¦ · Miguel Escudero (KCL) H0 and...
Transcript of Could the H0 Tension be Pointing Toward the Neutrino Mass ...€¦ · Miguel Escudero (KCL) H0 and...
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Could the H0 Tension be Pointing Toward the Neutrino Mass Mechanism?
Beyond 2019Warsaw
Miguel Escudero [email protected]
based on ArXiv:1907.XXXXX with Sam Witte
mailto:[email protected]
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H0
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m⌫ 6= 0
⌫e ! ⌫µ
H0
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m⌫ 6= 0
⌫e ! ⌫µ⌫̄
⌫
�
H0
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Outline
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1) The Hubble Tension
2) The Scenario
3) Cosmology with a light Majoron
4) Conclusions
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Hubble Tension
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Taken from Wendy Freedman, see 1706.02739
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Hubble Tension
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Taken from Wendy Freedman, see 1706.02739
H0 = 67.36± 0.54 km s�1 Mpc�1
4.4 σ tension within ΛCDM!
Planck 2018 1807.06209
Riess et al 1903.07603
H0 = 74.03± 1.42 km s�1 Mpc�1
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Hubble Tension
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Taken from Wendy Freedman, see 1706.02739
Tension very unlikely generated by CMB systematicssee e.g. Spergel et al 1312.3313, Addison et al 1511.00055, Verde et al 1601.01701, Planck 1608.02487
H0 = 67.36± 0.54 km s�1 Mpc�1
4.4 σ tension within ΛCDM!
Planck 2018 1807.06209
Riess et al 1903.07603
H0 = 74.03± 1.42 km s�1 Mpc�1
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Hubble Tension
4
Taken from Wendy Freedman, see 1706.02739
Tension very unlikely generated by CMB systematicssee e.g. Spergel et al 1312.3313, Addison et al 1511.00055, Verde et al 1601.01701, Planck 1608.02487
Local measurements have also been checked against systematicssee e.g. Efstathiou 1311.3461, Cardona et al 1611.06088, Zhang et al 1706.07573, Follin & Knox 1707.01175
H0 = 67.36± 0.54 km s�1 Mpc�1
4.4 σ tension within ΛCDM!
Planck 2018 1807.06209
Riess et al 1903.07603
H0 = 74.03± 1.42 km s�1 Mpc�1
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Hubble Tension
4
Taken from Wendy Freedman, see 1706.02739
Tension very unlikely generated by CMB systematicssee e.g. Spergel et al 1312.3313, Addison et al 1511.00055, Verde et al 1601.01701, Planck 1608.02487
Local measurements have also been checked against systematicssee e.g. Efstathiou 1311.3461, Cardona et al 1611.06088, Zhang et al 1706.07573, Follin & Knox 1707.01175
Tension between H0 local and BAO is also presentsee Addison et al 1707.06547, Font-Ribera et al 1906.11628
H0 = 67.36± 0.54 km s�1 Mpc�1
4.4 σ tension within ΛCDM!
Planck 2018 1807.06209
Riess et al 1903.07603
H0 = 74.03± 1.42 km s�1 Mpc�1
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Hubble Tension
4
Taken from Wendy Freedman, see 1706.02739
Tension very unlikely generated by CMB systematicssee e.g. Spergel et al 1312.3313, Addison et al 1511.00055, Verde et al 1601.01701, Planck 1608.02487
Local measurements have also been checked against systematicssee e.g. Efstathiou 1311.3461, Cardona et al 1611.06088, Zhang et al 1706.07573, Follin & Knox 1707.01175
Tension between H0 local and BAO is also presentsee Addison et al 1707.06547, Font-Ribera et al 1906.11628
H0 = 67.36± 0.54 km s�1 Mpc�1
4.4 σ tension within ΛCDM!
Planck 2018 1807.06209
Riess et al 1903.07603
H0 = 74.03± 1.42 km s�1 Mpc�1
Future measurements from BAO, local, lensing, GW ...
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Hubble Tension
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Beyond ΛCDM possibilities: Early Dark Energy
Decaying Dark Matter Bringmann, Kahlhoefer, Schmidt-Hoberg, Walia 1803.03644
Increasing Neff e.g. Weinberg 1305.1971
Agrawal, Cyr-Racine, Pinner, Randall 1904.01016Poulin, Smith, Karwal, Kamionkowski 1811.04083
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Hubble Tension
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Beyond ΛCDM possibilities: Early Dark Energy
Decaying Dark Matter Bringmann, Kahlhoefer, Schmidt-Hoberg, Walia 1803.03644
Increasing Neff e.g. Weinberg 1305.1971
Agrawal, Cyr-Racine, Pinner, Randall 1904.01016Poulin, Smith, Karwal, Kamionkowski 1811.04083
Perhaps the simplest one is to increase Neff:
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Ne↵
60
65
70
75
H0[k
ms�
1M
pc�
1]
Riess et al. (2018)
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
�8
Planck 2018
NCMB+BAO+H0e↵ = 3.27± 0.15
NCMB+BAOe↵ = 2.99± 0.17
Pitrou et al 1801.08023NBBNe↵ < 3.4
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Scenario
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Chikashige, Mohapatra, Peccei (1981)Global U(1)L Spontaneously Broken Symmetry
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Scenario
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Chikashige, Mohapatra, Peccei (1981)
The Majoron: Lint = i�� ⌫̄ �5 ⌫�
Global U(1)L Spontaneously Broken Symmetry
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Scenario
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Chikashige, Mohapatra, Peccei (1981)
The Majoron: Lint = i�� ⌫̄ �5 ⌫�
Global U(1)L Spontaneously Broken Symmetry
� ' 10�13 m⌫0.05 eV
246GeV
vLExtremely feebly interacting: (type-I seesaw)
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Scenario
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Chikashige, Mohapatra, Peccei (1981)
The Majoron: Lint = i�� ⌫̄ �5 ⌫�
Global U(1)L Spontaneously Broken Symmetry
� ' 10�13 m⌫0.05 eV
246GeV
vLExtremely feebly interacting: (type-I seesaw)
Dimension-5 Planck suppressed operators: m� ' vLr
vLMPl
. keVRothstein, Babu, Seckel, hep-ph/9301213Akhmedov, Berezhiani, Mohapatra, Senjanovic hep-ph/9209285
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Scenario
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Chikashige, Mohapatra, Peccei (1981)
The Majoron: Lint = i�� ⌫̄ �5 ⌫�
Global U(1)L Spontaneously Broken Symmetry
� ' 10�13 m⌫0.05 eV
246GeV
vLExtremely feebly interacting: (type-I seesaw)
Dimension-5 Planck suppressed operators: m� ' vLr
vLMPl
. keVRothstein, Babu, Seckel, hep-ph/9301213Akhmedov, Berezhiani, Mohapatra, Senjanovic hep-ph/9209285
Parameter Space: 10�15 < � < 10�3
0.1 eV < m� < MeV
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Cosmological Implications
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⌫̄
⌫
�
Only Relevant Process:
�� � H(T⌫ = m�/3)provided
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Cosmological Implications
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⌫̄
⌫
�
Only Relevant Process:
�� � H(T⌫ = m�/3)provided
Chacko, Hall, Okui, Oliver hep-ph/0312267
Non-standard expansion history
Erase the neutrino anisotropic stressTwo main effects:
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Cosmological Implications
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⌫̄
⌫
�
Only Relevant Process:
�� � H(T⌫ = m�/3)provided
Chacko, Hall, Okui, Oliver hep-ph/0312267
Non-standard expansion history
Erase the neutrino anisotropic stressTwo main effects:
We solve the full Boltzmann/Liouville equation for the background We include the full neutrino-majoron Boltzmann hierarchy in CLASS
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Cosmological Implications
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Production Equilibrium Final StateDecay
� ! ⌫̄⌫⌫̄⌫ ! �T ⇠ m�/3
T � m�
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Cosmological Implications
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Production Equilibrium Final StateDecay
� ! ⌫̄⌫⌫̄⌫ ! �T ⇠ m�/3
T � m�
�� ' H(T⌫ = m�/3)
�Ne↵ = 0.11
10 7 5 3 2 1 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1T�/m�
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
⇢/T
4 �
⌫
�
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Effects on the CMB
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�e↵ =
✓�
4⇥ 10�12
◆2 ✓1 keVm�
◆
NSMe↵ = 3.045
�Ne↵ = 0.11
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Effects on the CMB
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�e↵ =
✓�
4⇥ 10�12
◆2 ✓1 keVm�
◆
�⌫ ! 0
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Parameter Space
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Parameter Space
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Excluded
m� ⇠ v3/2L /M1/2Pl
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Parameter Space
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�Ne↵ = 0.11
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Parameter Space
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Parameter Space
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PRELIMINARY
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Couplings from seesaw and mass from gravity
Conclusions
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The H0 tension: Beyond ΛCDM?
Ameliorates H0 tension via
The specific case of the Majoron:
Compelling extension of the SM
vL ⇠ 0.1� 1TeVMay solve the tension for:
m� ⇠ 0.1� 1 eV�Ne↵ = 0.11
Planck sets stringent constraints
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Questions and Comments?
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Thank you for your attention!
⌫̄
⌫
�
Stay tuned for: 1907.XXXXX with Sam Witte!
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Back Up
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Physics: Interaction Strength
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Relativistic factor
Decay
10−210−1100101102
Tν/mφ
10−5
10−4
10−3
10−2
10−1
1
10
102
Γ/H
λ3 × 10−11
1 × 10−11
6 × 10−12
3 × 10−12
1 × 10−12
5 × 10−13
1 × 10−13
mφ = 1 keV Rate vs Hubble
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Physics: Neutrino Perturbations
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Physics: Power Spectrum
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Hubble Constant from the CMB
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CMB measurements provide a H0 prediction from:
✓s ⌘ rs/DM (z?)
rs =
Z 1
z?
csH(z0)
dz0
DM (z) =
Z z
0
1
H(z0)dz0
Comoving sound horizon
Comoving angular diameter distance
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Hubble Constant from the CMB
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CMB measurements provide a H0 prediction from:
✓s ⌘ rs/DM (z?)
rs =
Z 1
z?
csH(z0)
dz0
DM (z) =
Z z
0
1
H(z0)dz0
Comoving sound horizon
Comoving angular diameter distance
Comoving sound horizon is the easiest thing to modify
Enhance the expansion prior to recombination
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Neutrino Masses
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At least two neutrinos are massive
q|�m231| ' 0.05 eV
q�m221 ' 0.01 eV1806.11051, de Salas et. al.
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Future Measurements
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Expansion History in the next decade:
1 3 10
40
50
60
70
1+z
H(z)
/(1+z)3
/2[kms-1Mpc
-1 ]
BOSS DR12
BOSS DR14 HERA VAOs(this work)
DESI
SH0ES 2019
BOSS LyA
from 1904.07868 by Julian Muñoz
1% local determination of H0 in the next decadeFuture CMB missions, Simons, Stage-IV experiments
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Hubble Tension
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Tension is also present in BAO
Addison et al 1707.06547
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
The Hubble Tension
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Tension is also present when compared with BAO and SNIa (Parthenon) using Ωbh2 from BBN
0.24 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.40
⌦m
60
64
68
72
76
H0[k
ms�
1M
pc�
1] Riess et al. (2018)
BAO+Pantheon+D/H BBN
BAO+Pantheon+D/H BBN+lensing
BAO+Pantheon+D/H BBN+✓MC
Planck TT,TE,EE+lowE
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL) 26
66.0 67.5 69.0 70.5 72.0 73.5 75.0
H0 [km/s/Mpc]
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
S8
=�
8(⌦
m/0
.3)0
.5⇤CDMNe↵
n = 2
HSC (Hikage et al. (2018))
SH0ES(Riess et al. (2018))
from 1904.01016 Agrawal, Cyr-Racine, Pinner, Randall
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Neutrino Decoupling
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Why is it not 3?1) Neutrino Decoupling not instantaneous
3) Finite Temperature QED corrections �m2e(T ), �m2�(T )
2) Weak Interactions freeze out at T = 2-3 MeV hence, some heating from e+e- annihilation
4) Neutrino oscillations are active at T < 3 MeV
n h�vi ' G2FT 5 ' H
for an excellent review see hep-ph/0202122 by Dolgov
Ne↵ ⌘8
7
✓11
4
◆4/3 ✓⇢rad � ⇢�⇢�
◆Definition:
SM prediction: 1606.06986 de Salas & Pastor hep-ph/0506164 Mangano et. al. NSMe↵ = 3.045
� ⇠ G2FE2⌫
Simplified approach: Escudero arXiv:1812.05605, JCAP 1902 (2019) 007
http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1812.05605
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Beyond ΛCDM
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Early Universe or late Universe modifications?
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H0 and the Majoron Beyond19 01-07-19Miguel Escudero (KCL)
Beyond ΛCDM
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1904.03400 de Sainte Agathe et al
BAO measurements point toward an early Universe effect
Early Universe or late Universe modifications?