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Transcript of Cost Effective Housing
8/10/2019 Cost Effective Housing
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Submitted by :
Jaikishan patel
Piyush Lilwani
Sachin Pandya
Sanjay Bhadani
Zubin Choksi
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• Introduction
• Different Building Techniques
•
Techniques to reduce cost from area• Materials used
• Constructed techniques adopted
• Materials used in low cost building• Laurie Baker
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+ Low cost housing refers to houses that are
inexpensive to build. IT doesn't mean that the houses
will be inexpensive to live in.
+ Less the house costs to build, the more energy it
tends to waste, leading to much higher utility bills.
+ The goal of low-cost housing is to save money while
also maintaining buildings quality.
+ Following Properties Reduces Cost Construction:
•
Locally available materials .•Improved skills and technology.
•Without sacrificing the strength, performance and life
of the structure.
+ Low cost housing is done by proper management of
resources as well as by utilizing cheap buildingmaterials.
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1. Recycling
2. Extensive Planning
3. Modular Planning
4. Infilling
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•In extensive planning, the more planning goes
into a house, the less the actual construction
will cost.
•
Contractors should plan out exact dimensions.
•Contractors should gather facts.
•Contractors should look for the best materials
at the cheapest prices so they can order exactly
what they need.This saves money that would otherwise be
wasted on unnecessary supplies and cleanup
caused by littered materials.
• Most houses are built as quickly as possible
without this detailed planning beforehand.
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+ Modular building is a type of construction
where pieces of the home or typically whole
rooms or major parts of rooms ,are built off-site
in large factories.
+ This process allows the pieces to be builtefficiently and exactly according to building
standards.
+ At the site, the pieces are connected to the
house.
+ Owners can typically choose how many
modular rooms they want.+ Since materials aren't assembled on-site,
owners save money on construction time,
including the time it would take to clear away the
construction debris.
+ Owners also save money on construction
financing interest if they're using a constructionloan.
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• Infilling is the practice of going back
through residential areas and building in
areas that had previously been left
empty.
• Now its possible to build on because of
resolved environmental concerns, space
issues or other problems that have since
been remedied.
• Infilling makes better use of existing
space.
• It is less expensive for contractors
overall
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1) Reduce plinth area by using thinner wallconcept.
2) Use locally available material in an innovativeform like soil cement blocks in place of burntbrick.
3) Use energy efficiency materials whichconsumes less energy like concrete block inplace of burnt brick.
4) Use environmentally friendly materials whichare substitute for conventional buildingcomponents like use R.C.C. Door and windowframes in place of wooden frames.
5) Preplan every component of a house andrationalize the design procedure for reducingthe size of the component in the building.
6) By planning each and every component of ahouse the wastage of materials due todemolition of the unplanned component of thehouse can be avoided.
• Interlock house build at
Vallikkunnu panchayath,
Malappuram District, Kerala.
• Won the 2010 "Parpidam Best
Home Award"
•
Construction cost of this houseis 3 lakh
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Different types of Material could be use like:-
It is made of mud stabilized with 5% cement/lime etc. andcompacted in block making machine with no burning. A good walling
material as burnt bricks and is economical, stronger, energy saving andsimple to manufacture.
It is much stronger with less water absorption and cheaperthan cement stabilized blocks. With 5 to 10% flyash- G, 30% savingin cement could be achieved in addition to utilization of the wasteproduct like flyash.
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Produced from alumina red mud or bauxite, an industrial
waste of aluminum producing plants in combination with clay.Posses all the physical properties of normal clay bricks and
solves the problem of disposal of the waste product and
environmental pollution. In addition, they have good
architectural value as facing bricks due to their pleasing hues
of color.
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It is made to similar dimension of stone blocks without
large size stone pieces, but using coarse and fine gradedcement. They have excellent properties comparable to other
masonry blocks, are cheaper and facilitate speedy
construction and especially suitable where quality clay for
bricks making is not available.
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• Bamboo
• Straw
• Cored wood
• Rammed Earth
• Pressed Earth blocks
• Wattle and daub
• Stone
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No. Material /
Technology
On-site preparation and
construction
Inference
1 Bamboo • It does not need any
manufacturing in factories.
• Preparation on the site
involves only the cutting of
bamboo to obtain desiredlengths.
• No skilled labour is required
to handle bamboo.
• Any learned mason can teach
another mason how to deal
with the material.
• There is versatility in
construction.
• Since there is no particular
sort of manufacturing or
preparing required forbamboo, money at that
part is saved.
• Construction period is also
short.
• Thus construction cost is
reduced by 30-35%.
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No. Material /
Technology
On-site preparation and
construction
Inference
2 Straw For preparing a straw bale
wall, bundle of straw tightly
bound with twine or wire.
Bales are commonly finished
with plaster. Row of straw bales are
stacked one on top of the
other (often in running-bond)
on a raised footing
or foundation.
Straw is an abundant
agricultural waste product.
Requires little energy to
bale and transport for
construction. Stacking of the bales take
very less time.
Saves in construction cost
by 30%.
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No. Material /
Technology
On-site preparation and
construction
Inference
3 Cored wood • Logs are cut on site to
desired length.
• They are laid with consistent
mortar gaps protruding no
more than 1 inch on theinside and outside.
• A layer of mortar is spread
and then insulation poured in
between. Then more logs
follow on top.
• It is an economical use for
log ends or fallen trees in
heavily timbered areas.
• Constuction is very fast.
•
Construction cost isreduced by 20%
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No. Material /
Technology
On-site preparation and
construction
Inference
4 Rammed earth • Two parallel planks are held
firmly apart by metal rods
and clips or bolts, or by-small
crosspieces of wood.
•
Stiff mud is thrown inbetween these two planks
and rammed down with
either a wooden or metal
ramrod.
• The use of mud reduces
the cost of the wall by 15%
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No. Material /
Technology
On-site preparation and
construction
Inference
5 Pressed earth blocks • On site Machine Compressed
blocks.
• using a small amount of
stabilizer.
• Hard physical work is
required in making blocks.
• But time for making the
blocks is less.
•
so cost is reduced by 10%.
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No. Material /
Technology
On-site preparation and
construction
Inference
6 Wattle and daub • Strips of bamboo made first
as a framework.
• Then simply covered with
plaster and the wall is ready.
• It is fast and therefore
inexpensive.
• There is not much material
cost involved.
•
neither is labour intensive.• Cost of wall is reduced by
20-25%.
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No. Material /
Technology
On-site preparation and
construction
Inference
7 Stone • Walls are made by randomly
placing stone and not
following any particular
course.
•Smaller stones may be used inareas where the natural stone
shape is rounded.
• This can be done very fast
and the wall is complete in
minutes.
• This saves 30-40% of the
money.
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1. Foundation
2. Wall3. Lintel
4. Roof
5. Door and
windows
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+ The foundation cost comes to about 10 to 15% of
the total building
+It is adopted for single or double storey building.
+ It is recommended to adopt a foundation depth of 2
ft.(0.6m) for normal soil like gravely soil, red soils etc.
+ We should use the uncoursed rubble masonry with
the bond stones and good packing.
+To avoid cracks formation in foundation the masonry
shall be thoroughly packed with cement mortar of 1:8
boulders and bond stones at regular intervals.
+ Suggested to adopt arch foundation in ordinary soil
for effecting reduction in construction cost up to 40%.
+ This kind of foundation will help in bridging the
loose pockets of soil which occurs along the
foundation.
+ In the case black cotton and other soft soils it is
recommend to use under ream pile foundation whichsaves about 20 to 25% in cost over the conventional
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•Wall thickness of 6 to 9″ is recommended for adoption
in the construction of walls all-round the building and
41/2 ” for inside walls.
•It is suggested to use burnt bricks which are immersed
in water for 24 hours and then shall be used for the
walls.• Making use of Rat – trap bond wall & Concrete block
wall.
* It is a cavity wall construction and leads to reduction
in the quantity of bricks required for masonry work.
* By adopting this method of bonding of brick masonry
compared to traditional English or Flemish bond
masonry, it is possible to reduce in the material cost of
bricks by 25% and about 10to 15% in the masonry cost.
* By adopting rat-trap bond method one can create
aesthetically pleasing wall surface and plastering can
be avoided.
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•In view of high energy consumption by burnt
brick it is suggested to use concrete block
which consumes about only 1/3 of the energyof the burnt bricks in its production.
•By using concrete block masonry the wall
thickness can be reduced from 20 cms to 15
Cms.
* Concrete block masonry saves mortar
consumption, speedy construction of wall
resulting in higher output of labour, plastering
can be avoided thereby an overall saving of 10
to 25% can be achieved.
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• The traditional R.C.C. lintels which are
costly can be replaced by brick arches for
small spans and save construction costup to 30 to 40% over the traditional
method of construction.
•
By adopting arches of different shapes agood architectural pleasing appearance
can be given to the external wall
surfaces of the brick masonry.
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• Normally 5" thick R.C.C. slabs is used for roofing ofresidential buildings.
• By adopting rationally designed construction practices likefiller slab and precast elements the construction cost ofroofing can be reduced by about 20 to 25%.
• Filler slabs * They are normal RCC slabs where bottom half (tension)concrete portions are replaced by filler materials such as
bricks, tiles, cellular concrete blocks, etc* These filler materials are so placed as not to compromise
structural strength, result in replacing unwanted andnonfunctional tension concrete, thus resulting in economy.
* These are safe, sound and provide aesthetically pleasingpattern ceilings and also need no plaster.
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• Plantation timber styleswith particle board inserts.
• Medium density fiber boarddoors.
• Cement bonded particleboard
• Plantation timber style withrice husk board inserts
• Red mud polymer paneldoors.
• Ferrocement doors
• Polyvinyl chloride doorspanels.
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Bamboo mat board
Coir composite board Jute polyester composite
Bamboo laminated composite Cement bonded particle board
Bamboo mat veneer composite
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•This is Baker’s home in Trivandrum.
• Unique house built on a plot of land
along the slope of a rocky hill, with
limited access to water.
•
Baker’s genius has created a wonderfulhome for his family.
•Material used from unconventional
sources.
• Family eats in kitchen.
• Electricity wiring is not concealed
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•Made Use of BRICK JALLIS.
• Effective way to minimize your electricitybills.
• Built In Furniture For The Hamlet.
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BUILDING MATERIAL:
+ RECYCLED Wood from traditional demolished
building.
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+ All materials are used in their natural form, exposed brick work,
mortar, concrete shows the truthfulness of materials.
+ Baker’s loves to material in their natural form.
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Surface treatment was done by
Using Waste Materials
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QUALITY OF SPACES
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• According to Baker, fans and lamps can be avoided through appropriate planning.
•In india there is sunlight all round the year, which means that if water is stored in the
southern part of the house, hot water can be made available.
•Garbage can be recycled.
•
Only a person like baker has the courage for this, because his motive is not just to makemoney
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• http://www.gharexpert.com
• http://www.fs.fed.us
• http://www.greenstone.org
• http://manajemenproyekindonesia.com/
• http://sepindia.org/
• http://lauriebaker.net/
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