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Cost-Effective and Reliable Communication Infrastructure for Smart Grid Deployment Intelligent Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT) Feb 21, 2014 Prof. Saifur Rahman Panel: CoSimulaEon of ICT and Power DistribuEon
Transcript of Cost-Effective and Reliable Communication Infrastructure ... · Cost-Effective and Reliable...
Cost-Effective and Reliable Communication Infrastructure for Smart Grid Deployment
Intelligent Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT) Feb 21, 2014
Prof. Saifur Rahman
Panel: Co-‐SimulaEon of ICT and Power DistribuEon
Normal Grid vs Smart Grid
Normal Phone Smart Phone
Starting and End Points of a Smart Grid
Power Plant Transmission
DistribuEon Home
Business End-‐use
Appliances
From Generator to Refrigerator
Smart Grid – Power Network vs. Communication Network Architecture
Power GeneraEon Power Transmission Grid Power DistribuEon Grid Power ConsumpEon
Smart Meter
SubstaEon SubstaEon Customer
Microgrid
Microgrid
Electric Vehicle
Solar Energy Wind Enegy
Non-‐renewable Energy
Neighbor Area Network (NAN) Home Area Network (HAN)
Wireless Backhaul
Base StaEon
Control Center
Wired Backhaul Network
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Smart Meter
Data AggregaEon Point (DAP)
Concentrator Smart Home Device
Power Grid
CommunicaEon Grid
Source: McGill University
Sample Smart Grid Applications
GeneraEon & Transmission Domains: • Wide area control • Wide area protecEon • Wide area monitoring
DistribuEon Domain: • Meter reading • Fault restoraEon • Demand response • TOU/RTP/CPP pricing • Electric transportaEon • DistribuEon automaEon
Customer Domain: • Home automaEon • Building automaEon
Communication Technologies for the Smart Grid
Wired: • DSL • Fiber opEc • Coaxial cable • Power line carrier
Wireless: • Z-‐Wave • WiFi (802.11) • ZigBee (802.15) • WiMAX (802.16) • Cellular (2G, 3G, 4G) • Wireless mesh • Satellite
• Security • Reliability • Scalability • Availability • Low Latency • Interoperability • Cost EffecEveness • Quality of Service (QoS)
Typical Smart Grid Communication Requirements
Network Requirements for Customer Premises Applications
• Requirements: CommunicaEon technologies that support low data rate, and short coverage distance
• Technology candidate: WiFi, ZigBee, Ethernet.
Applica;on Typical data
(Bytes)
Typical data sampling requirements
Latency Reliability
Home automaEon 10-‐100 Once every configurable periods (e.g., 1 min, 15 min, etc)
Seconds > 98%
Building automaEon >100 Once every configurable periods (e.g., 1 min, 15 min, etc)
Seconds > 98%
Network Requirements for NAN Applications
• Requirements: CommunicaEon technologies that support higher data rate, longer coverage distance and more reliable than those for premises area network.
• Technology candidates: Fiber opEc, ZigBee mesh, WiFi mesh, WiMAX, cellular.
Applica;on Typical data (Bytes)
Typical data sampling requirements
Latency Reli-‐ability
Meter reading 100 As needed (on demand) < 15 seconds > 98%
Pricing 100 1 per device per broadcast event < 1 minute > 98%
Direct load control 100 1 per device per broadcast event < 1 minute > 99.5%
Volt/VAR control 150-‐250 1 per device per hour < 5 seconds > 99.5%
Fault clearing, isolaEon, restoraEon
25 1 per device per event < 5 secs in <1.5 min of fault event
> 99.5%
Distributed storage 25 2-‐6 per dispatch period per day < 5 seconds > 99.5%
Electric transportaEon 100-‐255 1-‐4 per PHEV per day < 15 seconds > 98%
Network Requirements for WAN Applications
• Requirements: CommunicaEon technologies that support high data rate, long coverage distance and reliable.
• Technology candidates: Fiber opEc, WiMAX, cellular.
Applica;on Typical data (Bytes)
Typical data sampling requirements
Latency Reli-‐ability
Wide-‐area voltage stability control
4-‐157 Once every 0.5 – 5 seconds < 0.5 seconds > 99.9%
FACTS/HVDC control 4-‐157 Once every 30 sec – 2 min < 30 seconds > 99.9%
Cascading failure control 4-‐157 Once every 0.5 – 5 seconds < 0.5 second > 99.9%
AdapEve islanding 4-‐157 Once every 0.1 second < 0.1 second > 99.9%
Wide area monitoring >52 Once every 0.1 second < 0.1 second > 99.9%
Objec;ve: Compare latency, throughput, reliability, power consumpEon of ZigBee, WiFi, and Ethernet in an HEM environment
• Single story house with 1,600-‐square feet.
ZigBee WiFi Ethernet
Example: HEM Simulation Setup in OPNET
HEM HEM HEM
Switch Access Point
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Comparison: Latency, Throughput, Reliability, Power Consumption and Cost
Latency (msec)
Reliability Power Consump;on
/unit
Costs
ZigBee 4.3 – 6.2 100% ~ 36mw Chip: ~$2.75-‐$3.5/unit Cable: $0 Access point/switch: $0
WiFi 0.9 – 1.6 100% ~210mw Chip: ~$8-‐$16/unit Cable: $0 Access point/switch: $20-‐$50
Ethernet 0.5 – 0.7 100% ~300mw Chip: ~$1-‐$13/unit Cable: ~$1/meter Access point/switch: $20-‐$50
(Latency results show for 10 smart plugs)
Platform for a Home Energy Management or Building Energy Management unit
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www.raspberrypi.org
OR
PC Embedded System
Example: AMI Simulation Setup in OPNET (Hybrid Fiber-WiMAX network)
Backbone network: Fiber opEc • Server (MDMS); • Backbone concentrator.
Smart meter network: WiMAX • 60 smart meters/5 groups • A local concentrator
The hybrid fiber-‐WiMAX scheme fully meets AMI reliability requirements specified by the IEEE Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability (IEEE Std 2030-‐2011). • No data drop • Latency < 4ms -‐ 15 seconds
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Security and Reliability
What if data drops? What if data was modified?
What will happen to power system operaEon?
Server
Internet
Firewall
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ICT & Power Systems
These results idenEfy opportuniEes and limitaEons of ICT networks.
Power system planners need to be aware of these properEes so that the informaEon flow required by them can be delivered by ICT
providers.
Prof. Saifur Rahman
Virginia Tech, USA
Email: [email protected]
www.saifurrahman.org www.ari.vt.edu
www.ceage.vt.edu
Thank You
