COST Birrs-: fci«roSditorlal 1'ro< dpn Charter in

South Africa 2Angola and tho

3olgian Congo 23tato of ^acrgonoy in

N. Tanganyika 4Sensitivo !>.

I^ttolton! 5Stato of Bacrgonoy

-Xi . Rhad o s ia S&nor go noy

in Buganda 7-♦ottb Bripfc 9

:oltcn has only one astwer to tho growing mo-veraont In tho oolonies for liberation from imperialist rule - tho mailod fiat and the bullot. Tho Sritish imperialists oan no longor r.ilo in tho colonies without resort to declarations of "omorgonoy1* to provido a ocrvor for thoir policy of ruthloas armod aggroasion and mass rmrdor.

Onoo again wa rmast apologise <%o <*jr roadora for Ifey and Aino issuos boing combined into ono. This is duo to tho Comranist Party Congross hold in April, and tho Conferenoc of Coraainist and Workers Itortios in aouatrioi in tho sphere of British imperialism which follcrwd the Cor^ross, and tho eubsoquent additional work entailed for . tho alroady very United staff, mde it impossible to produco a so parato May issue.

Juno 20th narks the sixth anniversary of the "stato of OTTD^genoy,, in l^laye, and tho end is not yet in sight. In Konya it haslasted 20 month*, and still goes on. In ___________________British (Xilam it was enforced last October to

romoT*) elecbod ministers and suspond tho oonstitution. Kcrw there is a reign of terror in that oountry.

last Navetabor it v»s doclared in Buganda to oovor up tho doportation of tho Kabaloi. It was abolished on Sferoh 31st, but when tho poople organised an offoctiro trado boycott it was again ro-imposed at tho ond of i.hy. On May 18th a now "state of enurgonoy’1 was doc la red in M or thorn Tanganyika, and on Juno 4 th a stato of omorgonoy was declarod in Southorn ^hodosia.

"States of encrgoncy" have ncm booorno a nor:til tjoohnlqur. of Hritish ri-.lisir. in its doflporc.to but unsuooossful f^artc to dostroy tho rising

liberation movomont .of tho colonial peoples. Tho score r£ this eromir r mtfvenr r, ma rovealod in the rooer.t oonforenoe (April £1-22) of Corru.-dst arxi Workers Parties of countries within tno sphere of British imperialism, Thoro v-re delegates, obsorvera or writton ro;>orts from ecvontoen different couxstrios. In its manifesto tho oonforcnco doclarod its unanimous support and solidarity with tho struggle of tho oolonial pe op Jo a, ending with this declaration

«

FOHHMiD DJ the FIGHT FOR PEACE AKD lilTIONAL LIBERATION 1 3UILD TliE MIGHTY ALLIANCE OF OUR PEOPLES AGAINST THE RBA.CTIOKMB'

ALLIANCE OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN D£PERL\LISM I LONG LIVE THE FRIENDSHIP AND CO-OPERATION CF OUR PEOPLES I

th. - S '11' 0 • °T O ofare to . . „

^ t io m ia^ ^ ^ sr eJJrgTij1 ?0r?: ^ceoutiveB of the AfricanPeople*. ^ " ioml the South African Coloured

w S r . i i 5 ? 1 ? s ? b • £ i Domoor ta (th° iGet » » *ontiro people of South^f H ” If f ,r°Pea“ ) decided to call on the th. ! * > & ? . Oorw Zt. * “ > *> ral elootion" for

it home to tho remotest village, ln tho " t0

Freed™ th!^ demooratioa 1 ly electod Congross will dra‘/ arreedcm Charter round which tho pooplo will rallv !Z1 , / *

omnoipotion from whito suproraaoy and Malar* zi fttsoian. ’*

b o fo x ^ jr w ^ tw « ir nLral 8?°rotary of ^ South African Cow• *. ^rwod, has woloomed tho Congress as ooonin^ "fc>

g at advanoo towards a domooratio futuro".^ ___

’’fcltor Siaulu, Tonoral 8oorotary of the A f r i ^ V ^ ^ * 1 ^>n*re«s# in launoMog tho oampaigr for thia Congress s a l w4 U aD or Afrl'ana, airopoaoe, Colourodo, Indian, ^ 0**™ negQ» * will he a Congroaa t>l pooplo nf different viai*, whoso ootmonintorest to u® build 1 ry irrf‘ od nation ln South -Vioa, a mfcionwhioh will 00 rue 1T^~ r . ^ ' ‘loo, ignoranco and ohauvinlan.N

Mosoa Kotair or.t nasi a-xl In n ifey I^y Jfeniforto, tv*t tho 'Xtu tor mat “do aoro than exproaa ploua Hopea in *a*rds wV oh moan all thlnga to all

FREEDOM C'JLRTER FOR SOTTH AFRICA

mon"

I t

ANGOLfrV/-HP THB BEL .jI’.K CONGO

%The BolglAn Congo is about half tho aizo of Buropoi it covers naarly

a million square miles and has nearly 12 million inhabitants, Tho Portuguese oplony of .Angola ha a about half tho aroa and about a third of tho population <w the Poly, Ian Congo. Tog other they oovor about one-eighth of Africa and have o no-twelfth of its population*

Baoause there is only the wrest pretence of democracy in Angola, an£. ao suoh pretanoe whatever in the Congo, we hear very little of what

goea on Inside fc oso territories, Offlulr>.lly, (aooordinr to Baail Davidson, to V; s. -coent articles in the "iiew Sbatesrtin and fetion:l and Heat -frlot'. o are indebted for most of the *‘aots given below) only eleven Congo xuYioans htivo, sinoo 1605, been permitted to leave the Belgian Congo for the 1 //orld.

Foroed Labour in Angel

In Angola all ^ rioant except the 30,000 granted Portuguese citizenship (asslrailados) eust, by law, work for six months in every year. In theory you n»; work wi.en. you likes in practise you "tork where you arc told, and if you resist you rrr,<T~ hfiolod ovor to the polloe for flofging. (The polioe also flog tho^o roportod to thor for rudeness to European employers ar for "pelftioo”. )

The offioial rujn.'-.-r of :'oroyd work&rs ' -i it the end ol i».‘3wuu 379,000, tDBrl >nu .elf of tnt> whole lauour force of ;hc» o, ‘ • ; about one tonth of tho whole population*

/— / skill*** work Is roaervod for Portuguese imi^mnfcs, and ti . • /

naustrial colour bar is oeusing an increasingly general and rigidolour bar to develop.

/

Jfejor oraployers include tho -.ngle TT,S*-jelgian Angola Dia*c>jy ’ • ® Sf# with 11,000 "froe" and 4,000 forood worlcorflj in 1947 this compand its Afpioon workar* an average wage of £10-10-0 per a ream, and i a 32^ dividend.

The BenRuella Railway (90% ownsd by Tanganyika Com>ei*d*onsj ji 13453 "free" and 2,018 foroed workers* wa~es or the »oa«t plantations nrn at 20s« to 30a. a aonthj lnl«.nd traces **r>» l<**er« ’’he prt*risi< o ’ 1 taps for 20,000 Afrleans in LoMto ie reojtoned art n\~yc<y '"* * ,

Labour Conditions In the Con^e x ^

Condition* In th . j * V . ' *r> *»V. - .rtlo- ^ ___ur_ v<m, oorper, forest /nocucte, etc. is far richer, art

ohiafl^’ haoauaa t>»y^-vastntion of the land and the -ia infttion of the peop! chiefly beoauee the^/*Belgian ucrvernrwnt 'n the IM F -191? period resulted

^ ** h aPl a b ^ ^ 8hortat'« that th* Bel^ia:* were foroed te sake conditionsof —,ry (*» ^hese things go in oolonies} relatively at+-raotive,hiehlv skilled and responsible posts are open to fr-^ar**, at, oj course,salaries considerably below the "Buropean* r»tes the f r W n captains of

Congo river "liners" are to get a little over £30 monthly.

OnsVdLlled workers earn from about la .8d, rising to 2a*4d. la-nvi “ semi-ekilled worker, after 28 yeara service, may rise to soasthing Ua*£2 a week. At 138 frs. to the £1, unskilled rates are from u to 1 s, semi-skilled 30 to 51 frs. skilled 113 to 157 frs. daily. Poreed labour

to be abolished shortly.

The fVojple Pl^ht Back

Both In Angola and in the Conge the oomplete denial of trade union

an all other **.£>' :ic r •^hts f -cee lnd^r ground all progressive movements; but it is auitt -t ? resistance to nglo—'-nerioan imperialism, and to the'■•lgi&n and Porfcu ■ colonial administration wMoh aot as the agents of the

imperialists, is active and increasing.

In the Congo the Xitiv/ala and c*thc“ secret organisations are so active that even ir. 1952, the government had 3,818 political prisoners rolegated to remote villages, whilo the number of political prisoners, classified as particularly da:igerous, increased from 612 in 1951 to 631 in 1952. a Belgian official told Eavidson trnt such prisoner.'! by no raeans represent the dregs of the population; cm the contrary thoy are very often among what tho official termed "our best vnrkDrn".

No figure* of those detained for politioal offences in Angola are available; Twt the "worstM offenders arc admittedly aent to tho infamous cocoa p la nta ti one of Sao Thomo, Tho Portug\rea« head of the ?lative AT fa irs Depart®*at in -ngcla told >aridaon that he was probably not sending more than

five prisoners a month to 3ao Thor®. Others aro sont to Haia dos Tigres on tho coa st of the Kalahari Do sort.

t pen ^gvolts

The underground movemonfc in the Congo was already oausing the administration serious concern in 1940 and there -wore open revolts in 1943 and in 1944, news of which was carefully kept from tho outside world. In 1953 in 3ao Thomo thore was a popular rising which was repressed with moh ■ bloodshed. The faots aro herd to get, but it appoars that in tho Sao Thome rising governaent forces killed at least 200 and possibly over 1,000 Africans.

The -frioan poopl^s of tho Congo and -ngola are, undor tho most difficult conditions, waging a long and serious strugglo against Anglo— ‘•morioan imperialism - a struggle whieh deserves tho wholehearted support of tho progressive foroes in all countries.

It is in particular tho oonoorn of the worlrars in Sriti.in and tho United States to givo very serious attention to the crimes "their” inporialists aro rosponsiblo for in those two colonics.

STATB OF BgH-'aKCY IM HORTHERli lAJiGhinriKa

On )fcy 18th 1964 a Stato of Stooreoncy was declared in Northern Tanganyika, aft the pretext of Kikuyu terrorists'’ entering Tanganyika frctn Konya and penetrating into -msha and the Mount Mora forest area, Sinoo then several .-frioans have boen shot and killed by armed police.

It will be reoellod that it was from thia aroa of Northern Tanga r^Uo. in October 1961 that 3,000 Iferu peoplo wore forcibly eviobed from their land, their crops and hours destroyed, and their cattle confiscated. The &oru people subsequently sent their representative, Mr, Kirilo Japhet, to plead

their case at tho United ftetiona Vu»toc ship Council,

H 'P ™ * ! * aLnoat twolv* notxbhfi in c. fruitless errioavour to got somosa^sfaotion from tho Trustooahip Council, lip. Japhot, on July 8, 1953,

a4spoech1to Council ^ "hioh ho again referred to tho serious

t e e T ^ W ^ 0*1? ' , GD? tC th° faSt do*>riorating situation of thoso who >»d " hDir.Und* 90 * * * « • * tho Itru pooplo voro new on tho

w o r f ^ k W ^ T j : £ r° auproundod OR a11 8idos ^ "hito aottlors who s h o ^ ^ ^ h ^ ™ * ? ^ iQr ta* r%ru p00pl° ^ 3°i*ing thoir oattlo and

t h T l a i f t n ^ L ^ S T r* t}° h°P° thlt th°y w iU <*t and loavo

*>ru pocplo *aa ho Inf °oTtondod,a^a° “ M * * * * * 3cnfiBOQtion of ^ from tho

Fi rally, ha quotod from a moisago sont to him by his pooplo t

"Wo, tho Moru pooplo, roquoet cur Iraoious Govornmeat to returnjs cur land at Engaro ?knyuJd. „vt pro sont tho sottlers are

OU!'.Ino,,t Panful oxpenao. Thoao of ua who woro oviotod

nrJ^iQ^T I L l i * OVOn to this Vory dfty» Botwoon November 1951"r*y hfve “ I T oontirwed to U w a destitute life.

£ n or liveatook to live on. Poverty ax* suffering

i L r J T ! U#e ° their * » l a a s » s s , as they am it thereturn of their lands to them. The settlers live in oomfort."

its h S t o ^ V 1953* ^ , ^ J r 8" °6rrled a r®P°rt that the W e t famine in £ Tanganyika's biggest food-bearing area in the northern

l o T C k l t ‘t S t °enn ^ T f r , ! l 1953' the i}fenohestor Juardian" nade reference !!«.!;!< * corP°m l Punishment is in existence in rangnnyika, and its

r<Wf * ^ 03 had llttle deterrent, punitive,’ &8 ?ri8oner8 livod ln ^ttor conditions than in their

(, tv. , a,0h* back:ground to th& present "state of amergeroy" in vet

i ^ f i l t « ? > n ^ - ^ ^ ' fri0nn ^err£tori0S* No amount of propaganda about the infiltration of Ifau Ifeu terroriata from Kenya oan hide the fact of theintense suffering am privation of the African people in Tanmnyika The

t r s T S s L S th' ' tate or ” " rs,noy u “ • « * £ * * ■ - r ^ r . r L . , ,A JS ? 4 “! IOr *** r* twrn of thair arbolen to impose stillfurther privation* or. them. *

SEN3 IT T7E MR. LYTTELTON 1

The whole Committee of tho :.rab ^sooiation in Zanzibar, oompriain* ten

“ i :” J!o"are^ ° ‘lRf sod with P°S3®ssing and publishing in its journal

seite^e whi«h iar* ^ ll0d f* <® the "i*frloa f l a t t e r " . The particularNovo iber J®d the ol^rge was culled from the "Africa Newsletter- of

mT T ^ T }nrrh*°h *t ™ for3 to th0 fQct that the policies and action* of

^ ° n in offio°* vaulted in mass killings ofand Ifelayana and tho destruction of tho olonontary oivil righte of

millions of people, ^nong the ton members of tho Corriittoo boing char god aro twomembers of the I«gislativo Council, Sultan Kharis a-ti All ?iihsin 9arwani.

The ~rab -*ssociation Is a political organisation representing tho national aspirations of tho -..rab people of Zanzibar who comprise approximtoly half tho total population. The Comnittoo r.»:ibors fool that this attack is an attempt to suppress the ..rab dissociation, which is growing in strongth and popularity, and is causing much onbarrassnont to tho -Anremnont. Its journal "Alffclaq* is bair-cd in Konya, and tho editor shined Lanki is ioclared a prohibitod iiarnigrunt by tho Konya jovernnont. "

STjiTE OF EMERGENCY IN SOUTHERN RHODESIA

On Juno 4th, a state of erasrgency was declared in yet another ^rioan territory - this tine Southern Rhodesia - on the pro axt of a atrite for increased wages by 3Uropean railway firoron.

Two 8trite leaders, ISr. C. R. Taylor and Jr. f. Raeburn were irwediately arrested, and the GoTroraiunt declared JV, Taylor an undesirable immigrant and ordered his deportation undor orvorgency regulation,

Tho strite spread to fironon in Northern Rhodesia, arrl railway guards aal drivors in Southern Rhodesia docidod to strike in protoet against the deportation order

Mr, Iky lor m s givon no roasons fof his doportation, and was consequently not in a position to lodgo an appoal, Tho natter was theroforo takon to lfr# Justice Eeadlo by follow strikers, and a to:.iporary interdiot was granted forbidding the Southern Rhodosian Gcrvorment to doport Mr, Taylor until it had shcrwn cauao why the ordor declaring him a prohibitod immigrant should rot be sot asido.

Tho corrospondont of tho "Firanoial Times” on Juno 7th, reportod:

"Mr. iirfiold Todd assurod mo last night that -Sr. Iferlor had been doolarod a prohibitod immigrant on a roport rocoived fran a no tho r frcrvo rruno nt. "

?■ :- sarro oorrospondont furthor wont on to say "international Conrunisn is now officially blamed for the striko".

Tho High Court on Juno 9th confirmed the order doolarinr, Mr. Taylor a prohibitod inmigrant. The only roason givon, apparently, v/as that it was essential that Mr, Taylor should be removed from tho ooloxy as soon as possiblo "for reasons of soourity". Mr. Taylor now ha3 the right of appoal, but this will not prOTont his immediate doportation from the oountry.

It is quito oloar that the state of cncrgonoy was doclared in ordor to mate possiblo tho deportation of the loador of -fric firomen's striko*

.. ».«.»!« 4.ad tho” ,r J ^ i 0r ‘ hr d« ^ » « o n ^ 7 \ j j w s j 0 W<5*M .

j r , * tw i inp 2 £ “ “ tljr tk'd u ^ ‘ ‘-1 -95n ^ J T nd W t l o U t a * ha.

their ° °P?*r-^ol»"t L » .1 r t t h 1 i ? ,ir0",* 1'® trl<’ P°"®ro n m x x t fkotorlsa « r ^ f °p® r* ln 1556» the UgaixU d»»»i naw rml^ ,my to of Uptnlat. Ooff Jf° auPPly all Skat A f r i o t T afw, 7® ^>p“*nfc cofporfctlon'i

*> t 0O^ th* « o u ^ | T ^ l-portaxi

Ofcnaanto Ctwaloala a r ^ a f ? ^ for iav»rfc»,nt ?“ **

t - r 1”* 1* “ * * M °° * * * « r t S . r to#S £ £ £ £ " « ° “

TotI m d v o n t a d 1 P and dooil® labour *"P®ri*li,t

* * * ■ * > £ £ £ ‘j z s * , i * « • * • m 2 £ ^ y u ** « •

out to.«m.h 4 . V r t l fcrg6t 9*>out * ■ « * * »ho will«*»pi. I T S ; w S r z ? *■«»'■ " w . s . r s r ^ * * ? - ? * « ■ * • « « * « . »

. ( i T E S T ^ , **“ * • * » * . 5 » T 5 S r i ? » 2 : 2 2 : ^ * * ‘*

. * * * . - u ^ - 1

‘ ■1-* •nforood y V ‘ — • — « »t S S t ^ T l f

** -oa r ^ 0 s ^ \ o j r * b^ n °«tr™ lf and Pw w ad to tfa»krr*.t ni* ? L * th° 8aoond ****** at

. • * *■ Brp«*t «f the CoaRr.., X«ui«rt.

— p ^ » « . S . tS » H S th* ^ f e rtlin Qf >-6-«- «*•■»

2 S ’ - J a ? . ® ? * ~ u - - * ; - - ^ ' « ter X f „ X

i - ^ a L ^ s r t t a s ^

-* -wi CTjUftJiUA

« ~ » i

2 rrv-n-r.t for indcr-rdcn-o in a lawwr.hiding >jr d-tei-innd af.nr.rr, The

.orv jr\'orr.r.ant attack? -ho r.rvcnont with tlvatterm rst violon**, It i-.

i.-r-ro3tir.tr to v t r -K-.r th-r, In thr siruatfl*'Thief. r. HrrJdns«R

r ‘ ,t* r 'tat" f-r rrlorj.r.1 ..flairs, d«3crirod in tho Hrur.c of * rr r.o ■'r turr 4, ] o'* <15 11 ijrp^rceptifcly ir’-provirc1'»

-u!i;:rLi ZLj.rr."

peakir.,;: tc ^h* dolopntes rf "Uroi-pan orgar.isati^es

in Ker.yn, 1/r. ^unri^ll roasted thr.t the 7*>th Frigad* in Vuth Ny*ri )»d killed

c '^ i f AiCRnP in f'"'r v,p,,k;?' * rA thRt security fora*-? had killed ult/'g-ther .^me 5 , 'XT Afrioana sine* tho -r.-rK ney hece.n, He three t^rmd the Kenya Afrloana tl-at th*ir oa#Ualties wrul'4 increase ur.til they nave in.

His second print was that the emergency was producing in Kenya n shortage of ran-po^r, to rr^t thin 5cr peCple hid h*«n recruited fr-n overseas ftrrt 7*9.mere wer« to *e brought in,

M*jor Oneral Hinds eppear-d t* faveur this plan fer wijiig »ut the Kenya African* and r^plaoinp them hy whit# lalwjr, In a H iw h at Nairobi on June 7th, he said that the rilltary wanted * "swill tuk where I'’1#,Kikuyu oruld he put tit *f the way far life.

In the r.eentine it is -lear that larg* and well-*rr»4 Afriean resistance oroes, working in units ef nr t* I#'"* etrer.g, and armed with rifles, gremdes

er/ automatic weapons, e.r« *;-o«s9fully recruiting ar.eng wfcat the "Mirrh«ster uarditn ef 6,6,54, rails "other tribe*1’ . The Manchester liardier also

rop rt-s that f-rur units are very motive ir. eeeruiting Afyieer. w*».#n to the real star/* • movement*

3rir,»‘ Reo#ct Figures;

African resistance fcre»s killed sir.-e the teginrir^.

'. • rf the "emereerry" in Kenya: 5,*0#

Africans senterr*d tc death ir. the rast y?ar (te 3 * ,4 ,c4 , ) SfP /Nimber already executed:

Charges* Kirder gc*

Unlawful poeseigni-m *fanr.3,«to, £#4

Conaerting with"terror!eta" 5* V

Administering unlawfuloaths HI

Aoting with int»r.t tefurther "terrorisr’1 P

N E W S B R I E F S

Without coma»nt |

In reply to a question in the Aouee of Commons (Jfey 26 1954) in

'°?ftT ^ ° dU??tlon ln ^ nganylin' the Colonial Seoretaiy, MrS Iyttelton,

S » «rfu o .ti^n 819j f ;r" ° hlMr" ' ln * ”«*«»“ » «o.lTlne full

EuropeanAsianAfrioan

ftrlmiy Seoonlaiy Total

9t%97%

31*

96%

*>%

wTJoo * IhqEanyital U t Afrioans 7,410,269»16,299t Indians 44,455s Arabe and other* 16,3GBJ

2,33416,836

347,178

liropeens

^ M-Ulop More for Killing Africans • I

r*1^ " !!!?ly, t? .qul atl0na» «*»• 2 1964) It. Lyttelton m id,rersrrlqg to the oort of the ^u^rgonoy In Kenyan

"Hsr lfc>sty's Ooreraasnt are prepared, sublet to ttirliaraentary appro-val to aoke a grant lof £4 ad 11 ion toward® the wergenoy expenditure during the pAsent financial year.The question of any farther aeaietanoe ie to be dlfloussod with representatives of the Kenya Gorenment later thic month."

__ •-„/The Konya Co m ! tt«e, London, has Issued a statement, calling on tho ftritis*

people to denand that their M.P.S. oppoee tho grant, anl $o protest to the Colonial Secretary agairst tho uso of British taso-payors* oor»y for a war against Africaas who ask only for the "froodom whioh we enjoy", a war whioh is bringing a legacy of imtrod.

Mjajalaad Afrioans' Dental for laai

The African Hatiofcal Congress of Nyasaland has put forward, among other things, » dsmand that aore land bo made available for Afrioan sottlenient.

. y.ar* fclB0 *«M d ia g **»t Afrioans and Indians betweon them should Jarre a further ton seats in tho Legislative Counoil, At present Afrioan unofficial

TII?*r" hlS 3' J ndi“ 1» ^u-opeam 16. fts population of ffyasalaad is Afrioans 2,400,0001 Asian 6,246§ European 4,07S.

M * * m l Mult S q f f t ^ in frrtorn ftteris

If draft proposals for reform of tho electoral law are put into operation in the festern Region of Nigeria, there will be universal adult franohiee.

■with no tax qualifications, for tho caning oloot!one to the Central House of Representatives. Tho so proposals have boon submitted by tho National Council of Nigeria arri the Can»roons, but th»y will havo to roceive tho approval of tho

Governor.

Opposition to Nkrmnah in the Gold Coast

Tho rooont statement of Kwano Ilkruinah, "Prime Minister" of tho Gold Coast, invitir^ foreign oapital into tho Gold Coast while at tho same time making an attack upon Ceram niem, has not, apparontly, incroaeed his popularity.

Aooording to an official announcement, there are 117 members of Nkrunah's ova organisation, tN~> Convention People's x^p%y, standing as Independent* in opposition to the C .P .P .'s 104 official candidates, for the ooming elections to

the Assort)ly.

Vi issued an ultinatum that unless these 117 candidates withdraw, they will be”expelled fro* the C.P.C. Since then, 64 of tho oandidates have been expelled* while 6 >»d agreed to withdraw. The eleotlons take place on Arne 16.

N.C.H.C. Nigeria, fteafflrae its *>ims <

Mr. Kolowole Balogun, ifctional Secretary cf the National Counoil of Nigeria snd the Osmaroons, stated recently that the four main aims of the N.C,N,C. were the achievement of a united Nigeria, the atteinnent of Solf- Gcweranent, the realisation of a Socialirfe Coranoiwoalth, and the practice of

parliamentary democracy.

ffritjsh People Protest At Savage ’.'ar in Ksn^a*

On ire Day (fey 24) a National Deputation, representing over one million people frooi all parts of Groat Ekritain, and led by the Konya Conmltteo, London, visited the Colonial Office to lodge their protest against the war in Kenya, arei to demand the immediate oocnation of hostilities, the release of the Afrioan leaders, and the lifting of Hie ban on the Konya **frioan Union. . Lyttelton refused to see the deputation, which immediately put its protest at his refusal in writing, and said they would return in a few hours. On their return to the Colonial Qffioe, Mr. Lyttelton again refusod to see them. Their protest was

left with an official for transmitting to Mr. Lyttelton.

The delegates, roprtsenting organisations of the Labour movement fro* all over tho oountry, are reporting back, to their orpudLeatiooa, and will carry on

tho to put a stop to the slaughter in Kez^a.

The Kenya Coaedttee, which has boon In aalstenoe for just over twelve months, has been aotlveljr campaigning against the Govornnsnt' S policy In Ketya* and is winning wider and wider support froa the British people, and especially

fro* the British working class.

u *

AFRICAN I W S LITTER

PwWubed fry tfce Africa Committee of the C o n w u n iit P»rty,U, Kiftg W . C 2

Gekry by

‘ Deur.......... J 'x l f y r r ....

Vol. 6 , No, 7.

Dwtum

OdPPESBEH jn«8

h V*»

* ---- i--- -

Saptentoer, 1953-

V J ^ '..................... .........».«W*7 ..... •

Vcrwy^s- No.- .®3 ^ * "3 -

Aa iMtorlal on the Nigerian Con- ferenoe ill London, appeared in the Daily Worker of Septentoer Uth. We publish *A4« editorial below, in an abridged

fern

ary» Still on Nigeria

"The Goverrtpent White Paper on the

remits of the London Conference on the Nigerian Constitution makes it dear that the British imperialists have not relaxed thair grip on the people of

Nigeria.

•Lyttelton's taatioa oi "divide —»—and rule" bluff, and minor oonoesalons, hcve enabled the British Government to hold its key positions and to smooth over the Nigerian orisia - at least for

the time.

■It was tte overwhelming demand of the Nigerian people for self-government in 1956 for a united Nigari*- that,oaueed the breakdown of the existing undemocra­

tic Maopfcerapn Constitution.

•In the new elections after January next year to a reconstituted Central House of Repreeentatlvcs, tliel* will be no uniform system of election for tht

three separate Rogiona of Ms^Mla- In the East and Vest there is S^g^d progpeot

of direot eleotions. But tha Nttrth «tll 3till have indirect elections, with fee

dioe loaded agaiiUTt tha pragm a*** elements.

•There will be a smaller Oounoil ofMinisters, but Britisn off!oljfif §*111 hold the thrau key positions of (Thief Seorctary, Financial Seoretary, sad Attorney-^neral.

(

"TAe British Governor- General still nolds his foraor powers, the rightto vcta d*ei«Jao»a «f the CowmoU- cf —ninistt rs on all vital matters of polioy (defense, finance, polioe, uto.) The WlTfee British Regional Governors have siKiler rigkwa in «aah of the tjteve

Regions.

*Kven the fonatr powers of the oontral Feecral Gowrruoent have been reduced. In doing this, Lyttelton has znade it easier for those re&otienary elements who art mere oanocmcd with maintaining artificial

• regional divisions than in wojfcing for a

United Nigeria.

"The oonfercnoe vjoeptcd a declaration for Regional 3elf-«evenuntnt *in rcspoot

■ e

o-1 witters within the oompetenoe of theRegional Governments". And this only providing it "does not impede or prejud­ice the exercise ,by the Federal Government of the functions assigned to it now, or amended by agreement in the future".

"This provision gives full soope toBritish Government and other' reac­

tionary elements to xn jede or prevent even Regional self-government in I 956 on

the plea that it would Jeopardise the position of the Federal Government.

"It <3 olear from all thi3 that the

N1«er:Lan self-government / to be wa«ed- Suooessin thas battle will depend upon achiev­ing greater unity of the national move­ment throughout Nigeria and on the extent extent to which the pricing class comes forward in the struggle for a free and united Nigeria.

KENYA AFRICAN APPEALS

This letter is to greet you and to give you new* fro. here.

that you 4- ,t «c t * * written by the White Hsu llau in Kenya. Papers you read, ahioh arc

o t ^ p ^ X 6 d o “ t g l t S g^ * t T T tf **“one w in forget for M „y h u n d r ^ of ^ s t o ^ o ^ tMnS» '**=>> “

crop,’

you, t h i r L ^ i i l 0 ^ n Cthcy^or Jid S r u " E° ne ha:‘pc'na ^ >■*«»• of

Paying off

« p^ s c- i s » -to any higher authority. Y ’ tQ kU1 a >ody without reference

»

Mthunguri,>KifLongihS ’oatundur0 Pl“°C> ,,lKrc P°0Pie are less educated lUte

•int t f i g £ £ lia* L ,rf n* ~ 8 01 th°*> *Km theynight, and tL n they ,-fn ^ h f i ^ T vho «fTC» « * » * «=tor-oar stshoot then, scuc in tte w pUt thoB thc “nd then

other, they tak. to tho f o r ^ .t s ^ S * £ U " TU* « “ *>°di“ « « * * .

r

- 3 -

*

Sane of the bodies they take to Kiambu and in the morning they are said to be

terrorists.

This sort of thing has been going on for a long time, and those who are doing that work are both Hone Guards and White Mau Mau - the Kenya Polioe Reserve.

What I would like to tell you, which I know is true, is that with the exoep- tion of Laris there is not a single plaoe in Kiambu distriot which has ever been attacked by terrorists, yet no other has had bo many people killed by the Home Guard and the White Mau Mau, the Kenya Polioe Reserve.

Many killed

I oannot tell you the names of all the people who have Meen killed, but I can make mention of a few like Njorogo wa Kago (Simeoni) and Stefano, the father of Thiani; those arc from Waidake school ond were taken from their houses by the Kenya Polioe Reserve on denunciation from the Home Guards.

Prom the GithungUri side the people who were also killed on April 1 are; Naftari Boro, a popular doctor, Kageohe wa Gaoagwi Muiruri wa Gaoagwi, Gathua wa Wakagiki, Kinyanjui wa Mwathi, Gathita wa Kinganga, Nguaba wa Gatuku, Wainana wa Njogu, Karugari Ndaba wa Kanugu, Githare wa Njiri, Njungana wa Kuru, Mbatia wa Kierere Hbogo wa Rungatho, Kamau wa Vakierere, Kamanu wa Waikanga, Makena wa Njuki

Muya and many others.

All those 'verc killed by Horns Guard and White Mau Mau, the Kenya Police Reserve, and they were taken from their homes at night on Wednesday. Gikuni wa Wang’ang'a was killed the same night and many others.

Men castrated

On Limuru side Wakiru, Mbuthia wa Mukoma, Muika Mayc, Kimrubi wa Kungu, Muiru wa Gikanga, Gathitu, Wakari, Kihugu wa Njuguna, Njoroga wa Githu and many

others.

The people I am telling you about were all fetched from their houses and

| killed though innooent.

Beoause of these killings of innocent people \-henever those concerned feel li it, many young people feel oompelled to go away from home for fear of death. Even

the elder men are no longer at home.

The house’s of those who go away from home for fear of death or oastration are I being burnt. Many men nave been cestratcd by the White Mau Ma.:.

Many of their homes have been burnt and many of their children were burnt I .■ '+ .» inside them. No goods or property arc allowed to be tnfcon out of the burning huts-

' not even cash, it has all got to be burnt.!

| Homes burnt

v None of the houses arc burnt during the day, they-are always burnt at night,aad even the houses of people who were nxrosted and detained in the past

1 being burnt.

. }

The house of* Kungu Karurnba has been burnt and +K»»t of1 n _ j j u. ,u - d . .h t e „ ^ ^ & lr

Z J 5 ? £ 5 S S 1Z i ivin* “ >-»• «-■Kajiado. ®* Aarao were "tested in Kay and were sent to

P**t they have been carrying out cleansing ceremonies Wh*th^

nrm~£?HV“€ rS ; ?3 3 =—

Women beater.

G atha^T ^Ir^iT l1! 10 ^ ' W 603 at obtain location., for example, at

where they are shut in anTall t h ^ o l o t h ^ t ^ n ^ >OOIrp<5lled to 8° to the raiil»

s r K S S S S - S.T.: x--~k.“ H: E 5S*s-*t e srsl o c t ^ ^ S T f i S t T S b i T °?L*vn£ en u n thia ‘ r ? ”1* ' ’ro“ n °f * * * » •■taken off them. They m beln* *rre3ted and all their clothes

kept ^ . ^ “ " i s T u ^ o r i r ° ^ sa^ L T , H*“ <l,*U °ath- i011^ « * « *« and .he ia just left there. ”1Cln 00nes off there “ d <*•>>

If she Is dead, ahe la dead. If not, that U her own busine.s.

Exterminated

£ o r i s s ™ v ni ^ toThe reason is that they 3nould not enter Kikuyu country.

lrvrhtoh the £ » • » « -the information whioh 1 have given to you in this letter i f no^ e ^ ? r

o h d ld ^^a ^lT la wo^r WU'“ Ut diflCriffiination,

without being given ^ T r e e ^ n X . " *" hUMrCd” “ d th°“ ‘“’d*

Some are beaten, others are detained, and then aiven thww* r i L r - ■evon years imprisonment. They aro M ia to ho feu" ’ °T

They are lined up, and then out up and told - ud to _here, two year.; and so on, and you aro not to w k ^ * /3>r’ ^ *°

V

3

Nothing to eat

The people of Rift Valley were expelled under the pretext of being Wau Kau and put into detention camps. Those are the people who were given three to 3even years

sentenoea.

They are the people who refused to work for the white man and returned to tte

reserve. Many of them have been oastrated.

At a camp in the farm of a certain European when all the men were imprisoned, their families, wives and children were 'left in the camp without anything to eat because none of theu had been allowed to take anything with them when they were

driven out.

They left all their goats and crops behind on the European farm. There are some who left about two stores of maize and others about 80 to 100 goats.

After some time is was decided to bring the women and children to the Kikuyu reserve. They were packed on lorries and told to get out at Limuru station, others at Kikuyu station, without knowing where to go or what to eat.

The great trouble they found is that of hunger, because the people in the reserve had very little to eat themselves.

Banana peel

So it has become a custom with the women to go to the market to piok up waBte of sugar cane and banana peels to eat. Tl\at is the type of food which they give to

their children.

Another thing is that of people who have been detained in oamps like Githunguri, Kianuangi, Uplands, Every night two or four of them are taken out by tne white Mau Mau, the Kenya Police Reserve, to be shot.

Three young men from Mbari ya Kihara were shot on July 18. These bad things are still going on. What should we do about this? Of oourse, we are still being beaten and killed. Can you see some people and tell them the story?

- 5 -

KENYA

Two Versions of Shootings

In our last edition in an article "Questions Answered and Unanswered in theHouse" we printed the following exchange, taken without alteration from Hansard

15 .VII. 53.

Mr. Bdelman: "Is there not a remarkable and disquieting disproportion between the number killed and the number wounded? Is it not the oase now that an African found in the forbidden area may be. shot dead without any further charge, and is it not carrying ruthlessness to an extremB?*

Mr. Lyttelton: The Hon. Member is entirely misinformed upon this matter. Nobody oan be shot in any of these areas unless he is resisting arrest or attesting to esoape from arrest. The ordinary process of law, as I have already said will apply in this case as in others.

Either the Colonial Secretary was himself misinformed or he was not telling the truth, for in the Times 8 .V II I .52 we find the following statement:-

"Answering the oriticism that the number killed seencd to be out of proportion to the number oaptured, General Erskine explained that in the prohibited areas the security foroes regarded every­body they saw as an enoviy and shot them . . . In other types of operations Kikuyu were not treated as an enemy and were only shot at if they ran away when challenged".

SOLIDARITY WITH THE PEOPLE QF KENYA

London was the soene of a very moving spectacle when on Sunday, August 23rd, a march and demonstration, organised by the Kenya Committee, was held in protest against the oriminal policy of extermination being oarried out in Kenya by the foroes of British imperialism.

Unfortunately, bad weather limited the number of participants in the maroh to little more than 300. Nonetheless, tha prooession made a deop inpression on onlookers as it made its way from Hyde Park through the West End to Trafalgar Square where a meeting was addressed by Mr. Laurie Niokolay, a leading London shop ptoward, Mr. John Platts-Mills, a well-4cnown barrister and fighter for peace, and H r . Senakula Mulumiba, representative of the Bataka (Elders of the People) of Uganda.

Posters oarried on the maroh bore oaptlons such as:

DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS FOR KENYA AFRICANS.KENYA'S MISERY IS BRITAIN'S SHAME.RESTORE LAND TO KENYA AFRICANS.STOP TjayCILLING IN. KENYA ^ .

All these undoubtedly had a marked cffeot on those who saw the prooession.

This demonstration proves that there are people in Britain who take their stand unreservedly at the side of all people who arc fighting for their national independence and for freedom from iuperialist oppression. News of it will quiokly spread*throughout Africa and its significance v/ill not be lost upon the Tory Government which holds back the achievement of fraternal association between the British and Colonial peoples.

TRUE STORY OF KANO RIOTS

The following is an eye-witness report of the Kano riots, submitted by our Nigerian correspondent;

"Information revealed after the riots, shows that the hooligans for the riot were oolleoted from Katsina, Sokoto, Kano, and Zaria Provinces, with the help of •omo Distriot Ht ads and Native Authority Police.

“On the afternoon of May Ikth, 1953» the Hbn. Inuwa W&da, Information Officer of the Kano Native Authority, addressed Seotional Heads of the Works Department in the Wakilin Sana's offioe, and in official time. He was speaking on behalf of the Northern Peoples Congress, and hi» address was provocative in the extreme. He Indicated that the N .P.C. had organised 1,000 men to demonstrate against the pro­posed viait of Aotion Group delegates from the south, and that these 1,000 men were prepared to use foroe. He appealed for the co-operation of the workers in this matter, and went on to say that the NJP.C, had declared a strike in all the Native Authority Offices for Saturday, l6th May, and that no Native Authority Offioe would be open on that day and that a sufficient number of men would be posted at the entrance of every^ffice and business place with the exception of Police Office, Hospital and Waterworks.

A.

"After completing his address, no questions were allowed, and the meeting was closed.

"Subsequently, representations of protest against these efforts of N.P.C. leaders to stir up acts of lawlessness were made to the authorities concerned by trade union leaders, the local N.C.H.C. Aotion Group and N.E.P.U. branches. In addition, Dr. *zikiwe, National President of the N.C.N.C. cabled the British Government in London, the Governor in Nigeria, the Lt.Governor Northern Region, and others, warning of the plans afoot frr creating disturbances.

"In spite-of these warnings and protests, the authorities refused to move, and at 4 p.m. on May-l6th, the riots started when armed Northerners attacked Southerners who were peacefully staying, passing, or returning from \/ork. Before >.30 p.m. the riot had spread to the Ibadan, Sanusi, Sanigiwa, i>.l>adic and Festir.g Streets of the Sabon Gari in Kano. People returning from ,/ork were either severly woynded or killed by the Northerners who surrounded the ways these peo le could ;-each their houses. •

"Throughout the whole period, the Sabon Gar people only stood firm to defend themselves bt,oau3e they understood the true nature of tne events find */tre in sym­pathy \dth their ignorant Northern brothers who did not understand the tricks of the exploiters to embitter feelings and divide.- th* people.

"Thousands of Northerners are now asking the reason for the riots. Many people admit that they were deliberately misled by high ranking officials into believing that Southerners had planned to' r-ill their rulcra and install Soutlier^ers in their place, and so destroy their Moslem belief. These* vvre some of the official lies and propaganda employed to influence the Northerners but the people of tn north are now seeing through these lii-s and arc rapidity developing a hatred for their r- petrators, and showing an increasing desire for unity and independence".

•

Since receiving the above eye-witness locour.t, \ report on the a.no Di sturt ..nee a has been published under tho authority Of the Northern Regional Government. I*, is significant that this report is not signed by anyone, and is clearly an atterr.pt to side-step the widespread demand for a Commission of Enquiry. It is a whitevrvsiving report, which strives to hide the responsibility -.f the political group hioh inspired .the riots, because this group is a supporter of the contir.uanoc of iritish rule in Nigeria.

- 6 -

m m y r m m m m

= A ^ » .t ieth, u s ' . ) ’ “ S 5 S . ' V a J ' S S o S i r S f

delegate at the Nigerian constitu­tional Cortference)

A Nigerian Delegation ia at present in London discussing constitutional questions. People in Britain might like to know why we have come here.

We have flown 4, 00C miles in quest of freedom. It is our aim to reaoh an amicable settlement for the achievement of self-goverhiasnt in or before 1956.

Whatever may have been the case in the past, it is a fact that there is now a country called Nigeria on the map of the world. It is the largest single oountry

£ T r A ° L n r Z i T tU h E* ’lr" th* • " “ » » « * • * « * t b

We want to be free like other nations - that can’t be wrong. 31 million people can't be wrong. We do not hate the white man as such; 2e do noThate

M ^ W! S*4 ? **** the Sy8tem of «**<* oppresses andexploits us. We want to be free to associate with Britain freely.

... V®* *race the growth of Nigerian Nationalism. Before 1914 there were no Nigerian nationalists. Long before that time British traders brought to us the

S 2 K \ 8unPO'r/der• This proved ery profitable to there. That wealthhad to be protected, and so Britian took over the rule of Nigeria.

War of resistance

A1 tliough there was then no national movement, many ohiefs resented this.

l S l T B r t t i S T ^ S S J 0 i ° ^ ht fr0m ^ t0 1906, and ^ others resisted. By 1914 British administration was established, but there was no constitution. ' Int,. J constitution was imposed on us by order ir. Council. It was then that ■ Nigerian nationalism arose. Herbert Macauley challenged British might, and became the great founder of Nigerian nationalism. He led a delegation to Britain, in defence of the whole of West Africa, and founded our first political party - the National Democratic Party.* > J inc

Tn Pa^!y b®Cara|: stron« in Lagos, but it vas not yet a national movement.I? v° vaughnn, Dr. Maja, H.O. Davies and others founded the

n A *m<r/0m0nts whioh sPread over the greater part of the country.r. Aiikiwe returned to Nigeria and joined it. He created the first Nigerian

daily newspaper: the "West African Pilot". Its message of struggle for fivedo.

r 0? 3prc‘^ lik° ^ d f i r e . It helped the N.Y.M. to win the election, in Lagos (only Lagos had a franchise then).

N.0 .N »C.. f 3nsod

In 19^5 w* £ 4 ° ed a iac ora^ um for a dcmocratio constitution with tho aim of

s ^ t T ^ T thC1? ° ^ ial 0ffiOe* ^ not heeded. But the youth J * s udents of the country called for organisation in its support. The N Y w a s nc

k-ni8^ J3. dy7irjTlic a* beforo: because of their connections with the British, *ome knighted Nigerians found it difficult, and the N.Y.K. did not resporu to & £ Tl it had to give v/ay to progressive men.

Herbert liacauley and Dr. Azikiwe did respond, arid the National Counoil of Nigeria and the Cameroons was formed to unite all the peoples of Nigeria. Herbert. Macauley became its first President, and Dr. Azikiwe its 3eoretary.

Sir Arthur Richards, now Lora Milverton, wa3 governor of Nigeria then. He recommended to the Colonial Office a different constitution; one that divided Nigeria into three regions. Our people rose in protest all over the country.

The N.C.N.C. sent its leaders on a nation-wide tour. By lorry> by foot, by byoyole, by canoe, they tracked all over the country. They were greeted everywhere with enthusiasm, and obtained a mandate from the majority of the people to go to London ard present our demand for our own constitution.

A seven-man delegation went to London ir. 1 % 7 to present our demands. Again

the Colonial Office turned a deaf ear to them. Tie Richards constitution was en­forced with the aim of splitting our country. It was to last for nine years. In 1948 Governor Riohards was kio*ed upstairs as a Lord, and Governor wacpherson oamc.

At first we greeted the Scotsman.

Believe it or not: he declared that because of its perfect working the Riohards constitution would now be revised. It had lasted nine monthsi

It took two full years to review. The revision began at village level, Trent on to divisional level, then to provincial level, then to regional level . . . The further it got from the village level, the less democratic did the constitution become. When it reached the highest level, a conference was hold at Ibadan. It was dominated by stooges, paid to protect the status quo. Those who have doubts, should read its recommendations.

In the end we had to aak: Please let us see the constitution that we are supposed to have made.

Country divided

When at las* w*> 3aw it, we found that it still divided tfee country into three regions, and Governor Macphcrscn remained all pcrvrerful. It gave us a mock fran­chise; elections were held in tiers: two tiers in t.»ve hast, three in the West, five in the North. The iniquity of the tier system is that it means no democracy and no uniformity of electoral law.

The Government's Publicity Office which we have to maintain fro.v. the taxes we pay, and which costs us £if0,000 a year, explained that this was because there -.fas no national party in Nigeria. They said this although they knew that there was the National Democratic Party which had contested elections long ago, though they jcnew there was the N.C.N.C. which oould contest eleotionB anywhere in the ooun-try. Then the Action Group was formed.

Tlv effeots of the constitution was to bring about corruption, to bring about tribalism. Whenever the British imperialist press reports clashes in Nigeria, it always reports "intor-tribal" olasheB. But there is no such thing. There are differences botween political parties: between those political parties which want freedom, and those which are not interested in freedom.

Last month, when this delegation came to London, people from the North booed oertain Northern leaders, and people from the South booed oertain Southern leaders. This was because people did not believe that these leaders wanted to go to London for freedom. •

Different Languages

- Of course, there are different languages spoken in Nigeria. There are seven or eight large districts in which the people are bound together by oonroon language, culture and historial trsdition.

But Britain is also not as homogeneous as infwrialist spokesmen want us to believe. There are Sootsmen, Englishmen, Welshmen, Irishmen. let that does not prevent them from livfcng in a single state.

This is what Nigeria wants. The people want to develop their languages and cultures, but for that they must have freedom. And they can only win freedom together, as one oountry. No matter how many languages, no matter how many poli­tical parties, the desire exists in all our people to be united.

That haa been demonstrated beyond measure.

The National Counoil of Nigeria and the Cameroons made its polioy quite clear on the eve of the elections under the Maopherson constitution. We said: in 1956 we shall declare our independence. By that we mean no interference in our national life by any high officials of any foreign power. This declaration was made by our Kano Convention in the summer of 1951*

There is no higher authority in our party than the Convention. We have an Exe^itive and a Working Committee to carry on business in between times; but neither of them oan challenge the Convention.

Imperialist bandwaggon

There were certain N.C.N.C. members who wore elected on that polioy, but when they had become ministers wanted to climb on the bandwaggon of imperialism. Thsy refused to carry out the pdlioy of the Gonvention. They brought in a law which opened the country vide to foreign oapital: the lead-zinc bill. They were warned four times, but they would not reform. We managed to put up with them for a year; then, in December, 1952, we called a special Convention artf. invited ttesc ministers to oome and answer the charges. They neither came nor wrote in a defenoe. Naturally, the Convention expelled them - they were expelled for life - and called on them to resign their office as ministers.

The constitution did not provide for such a oase. It was shaken. The people saw it in its full iniquity. The demand for self-government in or before 1956 bconmc louder and louder. The Action Group joined in an alliance with the N.C.N.C. on this domend. Those who are not happy at this allianoe blame the Action Group ministers for violating the eecrocy to which they were sworn in the Cabinet. To them we say: we do not accept an oath of secrecy before any imperialist cabinet; one oan be s\/oro to secrecy only before the nation.

Collection Number: AD1812

RECORDS RELATING TO THE 'TREASON TRIAL' (REGINA vs F. ADAMS AND OTHERS ON CHARGE OF HIGH TREASON, ETC.), 1956 1961 TREASON TRIAL, 1956 1961

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