COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60...
Transcript of COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60...
![Page 1: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Short overview of the COSMO Model System and Operational Data Flow
Detlev Majewski, DWD, [email protected]
Cosmin Barbu, NMA, [email protected]
![Page 2: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline:
� COSMO World usage
� COSMO Model� Initial and lateral boundary data
� Forecast run & Post-processing
� Model grid
� File name conventions
� Basics of GRIB1 code
� Analysis and forecast fields available
![Page 3: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
COSMO World usage
• Until 2012
![Page 4: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
COSMO World usage
• Beyond 2012
![Page 5: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
COSMO - Documentation & Training
• More information on COSMO: http://cosmo-model.org/ like COSMO documentation:– Dynamics and Numerics - PART I– Physical Parameterization - PART II– Data Assimilation - PART III– Preprocessing (INT2LM) - PART V– User's Guide - PART VII
• Next training / meeting opportunities (in 2013):– February 18 - 22: COSMO/CLM Training Course, BTZ Langen– March 6 – 8: COSMO/CLM Seminar, DWD, Offenbach– July 17 – 28: Regional NWP Capacity Building, BTZ Langen
![Page 6: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
General structure of a regional NWP system
GraphicsGraphicsVisualizationVisualization
MOSMOSKalmanKalman
ApplicationsApplicationsWave Wave modelmodel,,TrajectoriesTrajectories
VerificationVerificationDiagnosticsDiagnosticsprovidedprovided forfor COSMO COSMO byby DWDDWD
TopographicalTopographicaldatadata
Initial Initial datadata((analysisanalysis))
Lateral Lateral boundaryboundary datadata
DirectDirect modelmodeloutputoutput (DMO)(DMO)
RegionalRegionalNWPNWPModelModel
![Page 7: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Lateral boundary data for COSMO modelbased on GME forecasts, Part I
The global model GME covers the Earth with an icosahedral-hexagonal grid; grid spacing: 20 km and 60 layers .
1.474.562 grid points / layer
Grid cell area of GME: 346 km 2
To cover a given COSMO domain, only a small part of GME grid points is needed.
If the regional domain is 3000 x 3000 km 2, the number of GME grid points is given by 3000 x 3000 / 346 = 26.012 only !
Only these GME grid points are being transferred to the National Met. Service via the Internet for the COSMO model.
![Page 8: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Lateral boundary data for COSMO modelbased on GME forecasts, Part II
If the regional domain is 3000 x 3000 km 2, the number of GME grid points is given by 3000 x 3000 / 346 = 26.012 only !
For each GME grid point, the following fields will be transferred from 0 to 72 (or 120 hours) at 3-hourly intervals:8 multi-layer atmospheric fields (= 8 x 60 = 480 fiel ds)3 multi-layer soil fields (= 3 x 8 = 24 fields)12 single-layer fields (= 12 x 1 = 12 fields)Total: 516 2D-fields
If each field has 26.000 grid points (values) and ea ch value is stored in 2 bytes, the total file size is: 27 MByte.
If the file is compressed (bzip2 or gzip), the size is about 19 MByte.
If the GME data for a 72-h forecast (25 x 19 = 475 M Byte) should be transferred within one hour, the sustained bandwidth of the internet link must be about 1 MBit/s .
![Page 9: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
DWD (Germany) Internet Nat. Met. Service (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer
GME analysis/forecast
gme_newSend only those GME giff00000000.gzgrid points covering gfff00030000.gzthe NMS domain(s). ... (bitmap; compressed) gfff03060000.gz
00 UTC + 78 (120) h; interval 3h; data transmission (via ftp) starts at 02.45 UTC.12 UTC + 78 (120) h; interval 3h; data transmission (via ftp) starts at 14.45 UTC.
GME at the DWD and the COSMO model at the NMS can r un in parallel!
IF NMS intends to use a larger model domain, it wil l need a new bitmap (contact M. Gertz)!
Initial and lateral boundary data based on the global model GME of DWD
![Page 10: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Interpolate/adapt GME data to higher-resolution COSMO gri ds
See: http://www.cosmo-model.org/content/model/docum entation/core/cosmoInt2lm.pdf
int2lmint2lm
COSMO topography
GME topography
GME analysis/forecast
COSMO analysis/lbc data
During interpolation, take care of different• horizontal grids and vertical structure (number and placement of layers),• orographic heights (8 m ~ 1 hPa),• surface characteristics (e.g. land/sea, soil types)in GME and COSMO model ..
![Page 11: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Run COSMO model (e. g. COSMO_07) forecasts
See: http://www.cosmo-model.org/content/model/docum entation/core/cosmoUserGuide.pdf
COSMOCOSMO
Analysis
Lateralboundary data
Initialized analysisand
forecast files
Lateral boundary data for COSMO are provided by GME at 3- hourly intervals.
COSMO forecast files (GRIB1 (in 2013: GRIB2) code) ma y be produced at hourly(even at ¼ h) intervals.
Free selection of output variables and pressure levels via Namelist parameters(see COSMO User‘s Guide; sections 7.14 and 8 .2)
![Page 12: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Run applications based on COSMO forecasts, e.g. wave m odel
Wind Wind componentscomponents U_10M, V_10M U_10M, V_10M areare convertedconverted to to speedspeed and and directiondirection..
COSMO wind COSMO wind forecastsforecasts forfor thethe WAM WAM maymay bebe writtenwritten in a separate GRIB1 in a separate GRIB1 codecode filefile..
WAMWAMWind at 10mforecast
Height and directionof
wind sea and swell
![Page 13: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Numerical Weather Prediction at DWD
COSMO-EU
Grid spacing: 7 km
Layers: 40
Forecast range:
78 h at 00 and 12 UTC
48 h at 06 and 18 UTC
1 grid element: 49 km 2
COSMO-DE
Grid spacing: 2.8 km
Layers: 50
Forecast range:
21 h at 00, 03, 06, 09,
12, 15, 18, 21 UTC
1 grid element: 8 km 2
Global model GME
Grid spacing: 20 km
Layers: 60
Forecast range:
174 h at 00 and 12 UTC
48 h at 06 and 18 UTC
1 grid element: 346 km 2
![Page 14: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Numerical Weather Prediction at NMA
COSMO-Ro7
Grid spacing: 7 km
201 x 177 grid points
Layers: 40
Forecast range:
78 h at 00 and 12 UTC
COSMO-Ro2
Grid spacing: 2.8 km
361 x 291 grid points
Layers: 50
Forecast range:
30 h at 00, 12 UTC
![Page 15: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Overview of the ASCII Output of the COSMO System
INT2LMYUCHKDAT: Min/Max values of all interpolated fieldsYUDEBUG: Only written if in debugging modeYUTIMING: Timing on all processors
COSMOYUSPECIF: Namelist variables YUCHKDAT: Min/Max values of all fieldsYUPRMASS: Variables averaged over model domain; VMAX , WMAXYUPRHUMI: Humidity variables averaged over model dom ainYUTIMING: Timing on all processorsM_* METEOGRAM-OUTPUT (*: name of point)
![Page 16: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Model GRID I; Counting of Grid Points
(1,1)
(startlat_tot, startlon_tot)
(ie_tot,1)j1 ⇒⇒⇒⇒
(1, je_tot)
(endlat_tot, endlon_tot)
(ie_tot, je_tot)
⇑⇑⇑⇑
j2
W ⇒⇒⇒⇒ E
N
⇑⇑⇑⇑
S
(1) COSMO counts the grid points starting from the lower lef t corner to the upper
right one (scanning mode) (see &LMGRID in INPUT_ORG).
ie_tot = (endlon_tot – startlon_tot) / dlon + 1; e.g. i e_tot = (28.0 – 10.0) / 0.0625 + 1 = 289
je_tot = (endlat_tot – startlat_tot) / dlat + 1; e.g. je_tot = (30.0 – 11.0) / 0.0625 + 1 = 305
(2) The first index ( j1 or i) is from west to east, the second one ( j2 or j) is from southto north.
![Page 17: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Model GRID II; Arakawa C grid
vi,j
Ti,j ui,j
vi,j-1
Ti+1,j
T: Mass point; most variables are defined here!
u: zonal wind; shifted by half a mesh size to the ea st.
v: meridional wind; shifted by half a mesh size to t he north.
Mesh size (km): ∆x = a cos φ ∆λ and ∆y = a ∆ φ with a: radius of the Earth (6371 km).
At 0°N: cos φ = 1, at 30°N: cos φ = 0.86; at 60°N: cos φ = 0.5; at 80°: cos φ = 0.17 !
The grid “point” value is a representative area aver age over ∆x * ∆y,
e.g. for ∆x = ∆y = 7 km: 49 km 2.
![Page 18: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
File Name Convention for GRIB Code FilesCOSMO User‘s Guide, Section 6.2, page 45 - 46
Examples of GME files
giff00000000: initialized analysis - used by int2lm to derive an initial state for the COSMO model by interpolation from the GME grid to the COSMO model grid.
gfff00030000: 3-h forecast
gfff01060000: 30-h forecast (1 day, 6 hours)
The GME GRIB code files contain only those points o f the GME icosahedral-hexagonal grid which cover the COSMO do main in question in order to reduce the amount of data to be transfe rred via the Internet; a bitmap is given to tell int2lm which grid points are set.
![Page 19: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
File Name Convention for GRIB Code FilesCOSMO User‘s Guide, Section 6.2, page 45 - 46
Examples of COSMO files
laf2003092312: initial state (analysis) of COSMO for 23 Sept. 2003 12 UTC; derived from the initialized GME analysis via int2lm
lbff00060000: lateral boundary data at +6 hours
lbff02120000: lateral boundary data at +60 hours (2 days, 12 hours)
lfff01180000: 42-h forecast (1 day, 18 hours) on COS MO model levelslfff01180000p: 42-h forecast, interpolated to pressu re levelslfff01180000z: 42-h forecast, interpolated to height levels (above msl)
![Page 20: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Basics of GRIB1 CodeCOSMO User‘s Guide, Section 5.1, page 36 - 41
GRIB1: Gri dded B inary Code Version 1; Binary code of WMO1 GRIB field, e.g. the temperature at 2m above grou nd for a 12-h
forecast is given in the form
PDS: Product Definition Section (Section 5.1.3, page 39 - 40)GDS: Grid Description Section (Section 5.1.4, page 4 1)Data packing of values f i (i = 1, N; where N = ie x je is the total number
of grid points)(1) Subtract the minimum value f min : f i - fmin
(2) Scale f i - fmin such that f max - fmin fits into 16 bits (= 2 bytes)(3) Pack the scaled values S x (f i - fmin ), i = 1, N; data volume is reduced by about 50%.
Attention: “Negative Precipitation” possible due to GRIB code packing!
PDS GDS Packed (2 bytes = 16 bits per value) values at grid points
![Page 21: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Basics of GRIB1 CodeCOSMO User‘s Guide, Section 5.1, page 36 - 41
Time flag (Table 5.7, page 41):
0: forecast product valid at reference time + P1 ; e. g. T, U, V, T_2M
2: forecast product valid for a time range P1 to P2 ; e.g. TMAX_2M, TMIN_2M
3: mean (averaged) over time range from P1 (=0) to P2 ; e. g. ASHFL_S, ASOB_S
4: accumulated over time range from P1 (=0) to P2 ; e. g. RAIN_GSP, RAIN_CON
![Page 22: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Overview of the COSMO Forecast FieldsCOSMO User‘s Guide, Section 5.1, page 36 - 41
AttentionFor model interpretation, the different time flags can pose a problem:
for example it rains for a certain period (e.g. 1 hour), but at the end of this period there is no cloud at all; thus i t seems to rain out of blue sky.
The time range for extreme values (MAX and MIN temp erature, MAX wind speed at 10m) is set to 6 (1) hours, but can b e modified byNamelist variable hincmxt (for MAX and MIN temperature) and hincmxu (for MAX wind speed at 10m) in &runctl
![Page 23: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Overview of the COSMO Forecast FieldsCOSMO User‘s Guide, Section 8.2, page 144 - 147
Distinction between(1) Constant fields; i.e. time independent fields (2) Multi-level fields; i.e. fields on full or half levels of the model (3) Single-level fields; e.g. surface fields, fields at 2 and 10m above
ground (4) Fields interpolated from model to pressure (heig ht) levels and
mean sea level pressure
Distinction between(1) Uninitialized analysis (laf-file)(2) Initialized analysis and forecasts (lif- and lff- files)
![Page 24: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Costs of running the COSMO model
Infrastructure• Full internet connectivity (> 1 MBit/s sustained) for the initial and lateral
boundary data of GME; e.g. 27 x 20 MByte for a 78-h forecast; lbc-data at 3-hourly intervals
• Computer (~ 8 - 80 GByte RAM, 50 - 200 GFlop/s sustaine d speed, 1 - 5 TByte disk)
• Graphical display system, printers, network
Staff• 2 to 5 scientists (meteorology, mathematics, physic s) • 1 to 2 programmers (Unix, Fortran, Graphics)
![Page 25: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ConsortiumConsortium forfor Small Small scalescale ModelingModeling COSMOCOSMO
DWD DWD (Offenbach, (Offenbach, Germany):Germany):
NEC SXNEC SX--8R, 8R, SXSX--99
MeteoSwissMeteoSwiss::Cray XT4: COSMOCray XT4: COSMO--7 and 7 and
COSMOCOSMO--2 2 useuse 800+4 800+4 MPIMPI--TasksTasks on 402 out of 448 dual on 402 out of 448 dual
corecore AMD AMD nodesnodes
ARPAARPA--SIM (Bologna, SIM (Bologna, ItalyItaly):):IBM pwr5: up to 160 of 512 IBM pwr5: up to 160 of 512
nodesnodes at CINECAat CINECA
COSMOCOSMO--LEPS (at ECMWF):LEPS (at ECMWF):runningrunning on ECMWF pwr6 as on ECMWF pwr6 as membermember--statestate timetime--criticalcritical
applicationapplication
HNMS (Athens, HNMS (Athens, GreeceGreece):):IBM pwr4: 120 of 256 IBM pwr4: 120 of 256 nodesnodes
IMGW (IMGW (WarsawaWarsawa, Poland):, Poland):SGI SGI OriginOrigin 3800:3800:
usesuses 88 of 100 88 of 100 nodesnodes
ARPAARPA--SIM (Bologna, SIM (Bologna, ItalyItaly):):LinuxLinux--IntelIntel x86x86--64 Cluster 64 Cluster forfortestingtesting ((usesuses 56 of 120 56 of 120 corescores))
USAM (USAM (RomeRome, , ItalyItaly):):HP HP LinuxLinux Cluster Cluster
XEON XEON biprocbiproc quadcorequadcoreSystem in System in preparationpreparation
RoshydrometRoshydromet ((MoscowMoscow, , RussiaRussia), ), SGISGI
NMA (NMA (BucharestBucharest, , RomaniaRomania):):IBM Cluster LINUXIBM Cluster LINUX
�� ��
��
��
��
��
��
��
����
��
��
�������� ��
����
�� ��
����
�� ��
��
![Page 26: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
COSMO Help & usage
• Ask for a COSMO contract for scientific evaluation (valid until end of 2012); e-mail to [email protected]; after your Director has signed and returned the contract you get access to the COSMO-model sources.
• If you need support during installation of the COSMO-model: e-mail to [email protected].
• Ask for topographical data for your COSMO-model domain, e.g. at a grid spacing of 0.0625° (~ 7 km); e-mail to [email protected].
• Ask for GME data corresponding to your COSMO-model domain e-mail to [email protected].
• Create COSMO-model products (e.g. via GrADS); if you need help, e-mail to [email protected].
• Implement the operational scheduler of M. Gertz; e-mail to [email protected].
![Page 27: COSMO overview n - CLM-Community · Short overview of the COSMO Model System ... 20 km and 60 layers . ... (NMS) NEC SX9 hpc ftp Firewall computer GME analysis/forecast ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013113/5ad5f21d7f8b9a1a028dba57/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Thank you for your attention !
Questions ?