COS Standard 5

COS Standard 5Evaluate the impact of social changes and the influence of key figures in the United States from World War I through the 1920s, including Prohibition, the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, the Scopes Trial, limits on immigration, Ku Klux Klan activities, the Red Scare, Susan B. Anthony, Margaret Sanger, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the Harlem Renaissance, the Great Migration, W. C. Handy, the Jazz Age, and Zelda Fitzgerald. Prohibition18th AmendmentProhibits sale, manufacture and distribution of alcohol.21st AmendmentRepeals prohibitionsSpeakeasies: secret bar where alcohol can be purchasedAlcohol and violence are related.Prohibition continued

Prohibition continued

19th AmendmentSuffrage: right to vote1848: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott attempt to gain the rights to vote at the Seneca Falls Convention.After the Civil War, women try to get the right to vote when African Americans get the right to vote (piggyback on the passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments)

19th Amendment continued2 groups of suffragists emerged:National Women Suffrage Association: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony; passing constitutional amendments for suffrageAmerican Women Suffrage Association: Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe; convince state governments to pass legislation for suffrageApart, the groups are not effective.Some states pass do pass suffrage laws: Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and Colorado

19th Amendment continuedThe two groups will unite: National American Women Suffrage AssociationOther states will allow women to vote, but still not universal.Women begin to march to protest lack of rights.Some suffragettes resort to extreme tactics to get the right to vote.Alice Paul19th Amendment continuedThe 19th Amendment takes a couple of times to finally pass through Congress. It is not until 1920 that women get the right to vote.

Susan B. Anthony and Alice Paul

The Scopes TrialWith the changes taking place in America, people worry about social decline.In 1925, Tennessee passes the Butler Act, which makes it illegal to teach evolution (human developed from a lower form of life over millions of years).John T. Scopes tests the Butler Act.He is arrested and put on trial and found guilty

Limits on immigrationPresident Harding passes the Emergency Quota Act in 1921.Limits immigration to 3% of the total number of people in any ethnic group already living in the US.In 1924, the National Origins Act was passed.Lowered the quota to 2% of each national group living in the US in 1890 restricts immigrants from southern and eastern Europe.No restrictions on immigrants from the western hemisphere.Limits on immigration continuedImmigration restrictions limit the amount of people in the labor pool.Mexican immigrants flood into the US.In the 1920s, racism and nativism increased.Sacco and Vanzetti: two Italian immigrants who were thought to be anarchists were accused of murder and theft. Sentenced to death, executed proclaiming innocence.Sacco and Vanzetti

Limits on immigration and KKKNativists like the idea of eugenics.Improving heredity traitsInferior people should not be allowed to breed.Ku Klux Klan (KKK) will try to restrict immigration.Target: African Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants and people who have un-American values.KKK declines.Limits on immigration continuedWhy is there a revival of racism and nativism?Economic recessionInflux of immigrantsTensions between races and cultures Threatens the status quoCompetition for same jobsRed Scare and Palmer RaidsCommunism is associated with disloyalty and unpatriotic behavior.Nationwide panic that the Communists might take control of AmericaBig Brother will start to watch people they think are a threat.A. Mitchell Palmer: US Attorney General attacked with bomb.Sets up General Intelligence Division of Justice Department headed by J. Edgar Hoover (FBI)Raided radical organizations rounding up immigrants and deporting themA. Mitchell Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover

Margaret Sanger

Advocated for birth controlTrouble for mailing obscenitiesShows how women are gaining more rights and gives rise to the flapper

New morality and FlapperChallenges traditional ideals and glorifies youth and personal freedomWomen go to work, earn a living or attend collegeCars allow young people to pursue interests away from parents.Flapper: young, dramatic, stylish, and unconventional women; smoke, drink and wear revealing clothesFlapper

Harlem RenaissanceGreat Migration: African Americans move from the south to the north in search for jobs.Harlem, New York: African Americans who cultivate their artistic development, racial pride, sense of community and political organizations which led to African American arts.Examples of people of the Harlem RenaissanceClaude McKay: writerLangston Hughes: writerLouis Armstrong: trumpet and cornet player; introduced jazz music (influenced by Dixieland music and ragtime)Cotton Club: famous Harlem nightspotDuke Ellington: jazz musicianBessie Smith: blues singer (soulful music about problems)Examples of people of the Harlem Renaissance

W. C. HandyMusician Father of the BluesAlabamaSt. Louis BluesBeale Street Blues

Jazz AgeNicknamed the Roaring Twenties1921-1929Zelda FitzgeraldFlapper: carefree, dramatic and unconventionalAlabamaMarried to F. Scott FitzgeraldWrote short stories and painted