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Corruption and Post-Conflict Peace-Building

Susan Rose-Ackerman

State emerging from conflict generally have very weak institutionsand an influx of outside funds. These two conditions provide incentives

for officials to make corrupt deals for personal gain. Outsiders, brought

in to monitor and manage the transition, may become corrupt as well.

The conflict itself is likely to have bred a culture of secrecy and

impunity where self-dealing is easy to conceal. The end of the conflict

may not end encourage the development of transparent and accountable

government, especially if those who gained financially from the conflict

are in power and seek both to preserve past gains and benefit from therebuilding effort.

Thus, although incentives for corruption exist in all societies, the

incidence and scale of corruption may be especially high and especially

destructive in post-conflict situations.

Corruption is a symptom that state/society relations are

dysfunctional, undermining the legitimacy of the state and leading to

wasteful public policies. Good policies are unlikely to be chosen or to

be carried out effectively without honest institutions.

When reform begins, new structures of government and controlneed to be available quickly or reforms meant to produce good

governance and the rule of law can generate into a spiral of violence

and corruption as citizens seek to deal with the uncertainty generated by

reforms. The rule of law is meant to introduce clarity and certainty into

economic, social and political relationships. However, if the rhetoric is

not matched by a real improvement along these dimensions, the stage is

set for chaos and a new set of corrupt incentives.

Peace-building strategies must avoid triggering vicious spirals. Aneconomy that is jumpstarted by giving monopoly powers to a few

prominent people may produce a society that is both lacking in

competition and unequal. Early stage decisions can lock in the power of

a small elite whose vested interests then hold back efforts to increase

competition and enhance fairness. Although it may be risky and difficult

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to counter corruption in post-conflict peace-building, if the problem is

allowed to fester, it can undermine other efforts to create a stable, well-

functioning state with popular legitimacy.

Corupia i post-conflict pciiSusan Rose-Ackerman

De stat n curs de dezvoltare de la conflict au, n general,

instituiile de foarte slabe i un aflux de fonduri din afara. Aceste dou

condiii ofer stimulente pentru funcionarii de a face oferte corupte

pentru ctig personal. Strainii, au adus inauntru pentru a monitoriza i

de a gestiona tranziia, a putea deveni corupt, de asemenea.Conflictul n

sine este posibil s fi crescut o cultur de secrete si impunitii n cazuln care auto-afacerea sa fie uorde a ascunde.Sfritul conflictului, nu se

poate termina s ncurajeze dezvoltarea guvernului transparent i

responsabil, mai ales dac cei care au ctigat financiar de pe urma

conflictului sunt n putere i s ncerce, att pentru a pstractigurile

anterioare i a beneficia de efortul de reconstrucie.

Astfel, dei stimulente pentru corupie exist n toate societile,

incidenai amploarea corupiei poate fi extrem de ridicate i mai ales

distructiv n situaiile post-conflict.

Corupia este un simptom c relaiile de stat / societate sunt

disfunctionale, submineaz legitimitatea statului i duce la politici

publice risipitoare. Politici bune este puin probabil s fie ales sau care

urmeaz s fie efectuate n mod eficient, fr a instituiilor decinstii.

Cnd ncepe reforma, noi structuri de guvernare i de control

trebuie s fie disponibile rapid sau reforme menite sproduc o bun

guvernare si statul de drept poate genera ntr-o spiral violenei i a

corupieica ceteniis ncerce s se ocupe cu incertitudinea generat de

reforme.Statul de drept are menirea de a introduce claritate i certitudinen relaiile economice, sociale i politice. Cu toate acestea, n cazul n

care retorica nu este nsoit de ombuntire real de-a lungul acestor

dimensiuni, scena este stabilit pentru haos si un nou set stimulente

corupte.

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Construire apcii este o strategii care trebuie sa evite declanarea

spirale vicioase. O economie care este abea inceput da puteri de

monopol la cteva persoane proeminente poate produce o societate care

este att de lipsit de concuren si inegal. Deciziile stadiu incipient

poate bloca n puterea unei elite mici ale crorinterese sunt irosite apoimeninei din nou eforturile de cretere a concurenei i de a spori

corectitudinea. Dei poate fi riscant si dificil de combatere a corupiei in

post-conflict , n cazul n care problema permite s se agraveze, se pot

submina eforturile pentru a crea o stabil, care funcioneaz bine de stat,

cu legitimitatepopular.