Corrosion Resistant

8/9/2019 Corrosion Resistant

1/57

Nonferrous Metals and Alloys

TABLE 5.1: ALUMINUM ALLOY-ALCOA

Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide

on Aluminum Alloys and Mild Steel

I

Calculated Volume of Metal bee

ln.~/in.~/yr.~

ALLOY

1 Aqueous Solutions

1

Moist Vapors

HYDROGEN SULFIDE-% HOURS

2SH14 Aluminum

.................

3SH14 Aluminum .................

Mild Steel

........................

:i%:

:Ef

.0117

,.0204

CARBON DIOXIDE-96 HOURS

2SH14 Aluminum.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3S-H14 Aluminum.. . . . . . .

..; . . . . . . 1

Mild Steel.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SULFUR DIOXIDE-32 HOURS

2SH14 Aluminum .................

3S-H14 Aluminum .................

Mild Steel

........................

.0337

:E .0511

45.oooos .5080

NOTES: * Specimens .064 x .36 r 1.2 exposed to distilled water satur-

ated with gas and also the gas saturated with moisture at room temperature.

Daily cycle involved bubbling gas into water at 3 liters per hour for 8 hours

and sealing the system off for 16 hours:

s Test terminated after one hour because of rapid attack of metal.

Resistance of Alumtnum Alloy 35 to Solid Chemicals

Under Conditions of Hlgh Humldlty

Non-Comoeire

I

Border Line

I

Gxroeive

Ammonium dichromate

Ammonium molybdate

Ammonium nitrate

Ammonium sulfate

Barium carbonate

Barium chloride

Barium nitrate

Borax

Boric acid

Calcium oxide

Chromium trioxide

Citric acid

Potassium thiocyanate

Sodium acetate

Sodium aluminum fluoride

Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium chlorate

Sodium chloride

Sodium nitrate

Sodium sulfate

Triphenyl phosphate

Ammonium chloride

Ammonium fluoride

Copper sulfate

ox&

Ma rgt12 chloride

Aluminum chloride

Calcjum chlpride

Fom&ichlhlrlde

rmanganate

Sodium car

E

nate

Sodium

fluoride

Aluminum with 1.2% Mn.

NOTES: I Shallow

2

diameter impact extruded containers of aluminum alloy 3s.

s Chemicals placed in containers as a thin (rf) layer and as scattered aomll mounds.

s Containerr exposed to an atmosphere having a relative humidity of approximately 100% et

room temperature for one

month.

609


2/57

610

Corros ion Resistant Materials Handbook

TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION

CORROSION RATE UNITS: The most commonly

accepted unit for expressing the rate of

corrosion

of a

metal is mils

per year, abbreviated mpy. One mil is

equal to 0.001.

Resistant = less than 1 mpy attack

Mild action = l-5 mpy attack

Moderate action = 5-20 mpy attack

Corrosive or corroded by = greater than 20 mpy

A

AL

ABIETIC ACID. Cz0H,,,02. Abietic acid has been

handled extensively in aluminum alloy equipment.

See also Ref: (1) p. 124, (2) p. 274, (3) p. 132,

(7) p. 3.

ACETALDEHYDE. CH,.CHO. In laboratory

tests, 1100 alloy was resistant to aqueous rolutions

of 0.1% to 100% acetaidehyde. Acetaldehyde has

been produced and handled in aluminum alloy tub-

ing. heat exchangers, stills, tankage and shipping

drums. See also Ref: (I) p. 124. (2) p. I. (3) p. 120,

(4) p. 73. (7) p. 3.

ACETANILIDE. CH,.CO.NH.C,H,. Acetanilide

has been produced in aluminum alloyquipment in-

cluding tanks. pipes, valves, pumps, refiux con-

densers, vapor lines, heating coils, evaporators and

reaction vessels. See also Ref: (I) p. 124. (3) p. 147 .

(7) p. 3.

ACETIC ACID. CHJ.COOH. The effect of acetic

acid on aluminum changes markedly with acid con-

centration and temperature.

The rate of corrosion is low when

exposed to acetic acid at all concentrations up to an-

hydrous glacial acetic acid below 50C (IZZ?F); at

the boiling temperature of the acetic acid, alumi-

num is corroded in solutions up to about 90% con-

centration of the acid. when the attack falls off rap-

idly to less than 5 mils per year and the rate remains

at that level until the anhydrous condition ap-

proaches. The corrosion rate of aluminum in glacial

acetlc acid. uhich normally contains 0. I to 0.2%

water. does not increase with temperature. Boiling

anhydrous acetic acid is very corrosive to aluminum.

Removal of the last trace of water increases the cor-

rosion rate one hundred fold, while conversely the

addition of 0.05% water stops the action. Alumi-

num has been used extensively in the manufacture

of acetic acid, in its storage and handling. and in

process equipment where acetic acid is one of the

raw materials. In the manufacture of acetic acid

from wood. the following aluminum alloys have

been used: for storage tanks. alloys 1100. 3003,

5083. SOSZ: for stills, alloys 3003. 5052, hU61: for

condensers. alloys 3003. 5052. 6061; for piping, al-

loys 1100. 3003. 6061; for ulves and fittings. alloys

356.0. 514.0; and for manholes. etc.. alloy

356.0. Alloys 1100.3003,5154, and 5052 have been

the most commonly used for tanks and tank cars for

storage of pure glacial acetic acid solutions at nor-

mnl temperatures. Aluminum alloys have been bed

extensively in the textile industry for itorape fxilt-

ties for xstic acid solutions down to 80% ioncen-

trations. although they are not recommended to

rtore acid of Ins than 90% concentratism. Some

tank failures have been reported by the textile in-

dustry in the storage of 80-84% acetic acid rolu-

tions. Susceptibility of aluminum alloys to corrosive

attack in acetic acid solutions is increased greatly by

inorganic halides or reducing acids and reducing or-

ganic acids, esters and aldehydes normally encoun-

tered in the production and use of acetic acid. The

presence of formic acid should be avoided. Potas-

sium sulfate and bromide have no influence at or-

mal temperatures. but accelerate attack at elevated

temperatures. Aluminum acetylation equtpment

has been used I the cellulose acetate iwintry.

Many large crornge tanks. tank can and shipping

drums have been tired for handling acetic acid.

See ~1s Ref: (I) p. 124. 12) pp. 3,

4. (3) pp. 21. 121. 136. 127. (4) pp. 22. 23. 24. 25,

27. 28. 29, 30. 31. 34. 61. h2. 64. 92, 1 I. (01 p. 20.

(7, p. 3.

ACETIC ANHYDRIDE. (CH,,CO):O. In limited

laboratory tests. acetic snhydride caused moderate

(I3 mpy) attack of 3003 alloy at IOOC (212F). in

other tests, acetic anhydride caused mild attack of

II00 alloy at ambient temperature and at 50C

(122F). Acetic anhydride had mild action (-5

mpy) at the boiling point. Aluminum

and Its alloys have been used for heat exchangers,

reaction vessels, piping, storagetanks, drums and

tank cars for handling acetic anhydride. Alloy

A356.0 valves have been used for handling acetic

anhydride. See also Ref: (I) p. 124. (2) p. 13. (3) p.

128, (7) p. 5.

ACETONE. CH.CO.CHJ. Aluminum and AI-.Mg

alloys are resistant to acetone in laboratory tests at

all temperatures. Aluminum has been used with ac-

etone for piping, (tills. heat exchangers and storage.

Mild corroGon has been reported in an aluminum

rtorage tJ.nk for redistilled acetone. Alloy 356.0

va ~es have been used for handlmg acetone. See also

Ref: (I) p. 124. (2) p. 17. (3) pp. 121, 242. (7) p. 5.

ACETONITRILE. CH,.CN. Alloy 3003 was resist-

ant to acetonitrile at 100C (212F) in laboratory

beaker tests. See also Ref: (3) p. 142. (5) p. 9.

ACETOPHENONE, ORTHOHYDROXY.

CH,COC,H,OH. Limited laboratory tests indicated

that acetophenone was mildly corrosive to 3003 alloy

under refluxing or boiling and condensing condi-

tions. See also Ref: (1) p. 124, (2) p. 20. (3) p. 121 .

(7) p. 7.

p-ACETOTOLUIDIDE. CH,CONHC,H&H,.

Acetotoluidide has been distilled and handled in

aluminum alloy equipment. See also Ref: (3) p. 144.

(7) p. 7.

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID.

CH,.CO.OC,H,COOH. In the production of ace-

tylsalicylic acid, the raw materials, acetic anhydride

and salicylic acid, and the final product have been

handled in aluminum alloy storage tanks. piping

and reaction vessels. See also Ref: (2) p. 26, (3) p.

130. (5) p. 9. (7) p. 7.

ACONITIC ACID. C,H,(COOH),. In limited labo-

ratory tests, aqueous solutions of aconitic acid

(0.25% to 50%) caused moderate attack (-6 mpy)

of 3003 alloy at IOOC (212F). See also Ref: (10) p.

77.

ACROLEIN. CH?: CHCHO.

Aluminum

alloy

equipment has been used in the manufacture and

shipment of acrolein. See also Ref: (I) p. 124. (3) p.

120.

ACRYLIC ACID. CH?:CHCOOH. Alloys 3003.

SOSZ. and 5454 were resistant to glacial acrylic acld

at ambient conditions. Glacial acrylic Acid has been

shipped in aluminum alloy drums. See also Ref: (I)

p. 124. (3) p. 128. (5) p. 9. (7) p. 7.

ACRYLONITRILE. CH?:CHCN. In laboratory

tests. alloy 3003 uu resistant to acrylonltrilr. acry-

lonitrile saturated uith water and water raturated

with acrylonitrile at room temperature and u hen ex-

posed to boiling acrylonitrile. Aluminum alloy in-

dustrial equipment has been used for the prodoc-

tion and shipment of acrylonitrile and ~15 in

further transforming it into acr)lonitr le fiber. See

also Ref: (I, p. 124. (3) pp. 112. 233. (1 p. -.

ADIPIC ACID. HO,C(CHz)KO H. ln iclborntory

tests, adiplc acid in 20% nod SOW,> oncentrations

caused mild attack of alloy 3003. The acid and its

salts have been piped, rhipped and stored m Jlumi-

urn. See also Ref: (3) p. 130. () p. 7.

AEROSOLS. A generic term applied to pxkc of

various liquid products under pressure. .ilum~num

alloy cans have been used to package aerosol formu-

lations. See also Ref: (3) pp. I IO. 239.

ALDOL. CH,.CH(OH).CH2.CH0. In laboratory

rests. 3003 and 1100 alloys were resistanr to aldol at

100C (212F) but at the boiling point alloy 3003

was mildly a ttacked (4 mpy). Aldol has been han-

dled and shipped in aluminum alloy containers. See

also Ref: (3) p. 121.

ALKALINE SOLUTIONS. Alkaline solutions gen-

erally have some action on aluminum alloys. The

pH of these solutions alone is not a reliable indicator

of the performance of aluminum alloys. Usually.

weak bases such as ammonium hydroxide, hex-

amine, alkanolamines and their aqueous solutions

can be handled in aluminum because a protective

film forms on aluminum after an initial period of

reaction. Solutions made alkaline by hydrolysis of

basic salts such as sodium carbonate form protec-

tive films on AI-Mg alloys containing 3.5% or more

magnesium. Strong bases such as sodium hydroxide

and potassium hydroxide dissolved in water are very

corrosive and should not be handled in aluminum.

See also Ref: (4) pp. 35. 37.

ALKYL SODIUM SULFATE. RSO,Na. Alkyl so-

dium sulfates have been stored in aluminum alloy

containers. See also Ref: (3) p. 246.

ALLYL ALCOHOL. CH>:CHCH?OH. In labora-

tory tests under refluxing conditions. 3003 alloy was

resistant to ally1 alcohol. See also Ref: (3) pp. 22.

114. (5) p. 10. (7) p. 9.

(continued)


3/57

Nonferrous Metals and Al loys

611

TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION (continued)

ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE. CH,:CHCH,NCS.

Aluminum alloy columns and condensers have been

used lo the production of all)1 isothiocyanate. See

also Ref: (3) p. 138.

ALUMINA. AI?O,. Alumina has been stored in

aluminum alloy containers and shipped in alumi-

num alloy railroad cars. See also Ref: (3) p, 77. (4)

p. 5.

ALUMINUM ACETATE. AI,C~H,OzlI. In limited

laboratory tests. aqueous solutions of aluminum ac-

etate (0.2Svn to 25%) cauwd mild attack ( - 3mpy)

of alloy 3003 at ambient temperature. ,Aluminum

alloy equipment has been used in the manufacture

of aluminum acetate. See also Ref: (I) p, 124, (3) p.

78. 15) p. IO. () p. 9.

ALUMINUM AMMONIUM SULFATE.

AINH,,SO,):. I2 H O. Laboratory tests \howed that

dlloys 3003 md 5154 were re*i(tdnt to solId alumi-

num an?nwnlum \ulfare under conditions of 100%

relat~w humidity at amtvent temperature.

ALUMINUM BORATE. 2 AI>O,.B,OJ.~ HKJ.

Laboratory tests showed that alloys 3003 and 5154

were resistant to solid aluminum borate under con-

ditions of 100% relative humidity at ambient tem-

perature.

ALUMINUM CHLORIDE. AICI,. Anhydrous alu-

minum chloride has been stored and transported in

aluminum alloy containers. Moist aluminum chlo-

ride and aluminum chloride solutions are vety COP

rosive to aluminum alloys. The severity of attack de-

pends upon the quantity of free hydrochloric acid

produced by hydrolysis and on the temperature. See

also Ref: (I) p. 125. (2) p. 37. (3) p. 77. (7) p. 11.

ALUMINUM FLUORIDE. AIF,. Laboratory tests

showed that alloys 3003 and 5154 were reSStant to

solid aluminum fluoride under conditions of 100%

relative humidity at ambient temperature. Alumi-

num fluoride solutions are corrosive to aluminum.

See also~Ref: (3) p. 77, (7) p. 1 I.

ALUMINUM FORMATE. AI(HC02),. Labora-

tory tests indicated that 1% and IO% solutions of

aluminum formate caused highly localized attack of

alloy 1100 at ambient temperature. However, alu-

minum equipment has been used successfully in the

production of aluminum formate. See also Ref: (I)

p. 125, (3) p. 78.

ALUMINUM NITRATE. AI(N0,),.9 H*O. Solid

aluminum nitrate was corrosive (50 mpy) to 3003

and 5154 alloys in laboratory tests conducted under

conditions of 100% relative humidity at ambient

temperature. Aluminum nitrate has been stored

and shipped in aluminum alloy containers. See also

Ref: (I) p. 125, (3) p. 78. (7) p. 11.

ALUMINUM OXALATE. AIJ(C?OJ),.H~O. Labo-

ratory tests indicated that alloys 3003 and 5154 were

resistant to solid aluminum oxalate under condi-

tions of 100% relative humidity at ambient temper-

ature.

ALUMINUM STEARATE. AI(C,,HJ5.02),. Labo-

ratory tests indicated that alloys 3003 and 5154 wre

resistant to solid aluminum rtearate under condi-


ature.

ALUMINUM SULFATE. Al?(SO,),. 18 H>O. Lab-

oratory tests showed that alloys 3003 and 5154 were

rewtant to solid aluminum sulfate under conditions

of 100% te ative humidity at ambient temperature.

Laboratory tests made in aqueous solutions indi.

cated mild action on alloy 1100 by solutions of .Ol%

to 25% aluminum sulfate. Aluminum piping has

been used fur aluminum sulfate solutions in the pa-

per industry. Alloy 356.0 valves have been used for

handling aluminum sulfate solutions. See also Ref:

(1) p. 125, (2) p. 42. (3) p. 77, (7) p. Il.

ALUMINUM TABTRATE. AIJ(CIHIO,),. Labo-

ratory tests indicated that alloys 3003 and 5154 were

resistant to solid aluminum tartrate under condi-


ature.

2-AMINOETHANOL. NHzCHICHzOH. See mo-

noethanolamine. See also Ref: (3) p. 145.

AMINOETIIYLETHANOLAMINE.

NH,CH,CH~NHCH,CH,OH. In laboratory tests,

3003 alloy was resistant to aminoethylethanolamine

at temperatures from ambient to 204OC (40f~F). In

other laboratory tests under refluxing conditions,

aminoethylethanolamine was very corrosive to alloy

3003. Aluminum alloy tanks have been used to store

aminoethylethanolamine. See also Ref: (7) pp. 12,

13.

AMMONIA. NH,. (See also ammonium hydrox-

ide) In laboratory tests. 1100, 3003 and other cop-

per free aluminum alloys have been found to be re-

sistant to dry, gaseous ammonia even at elevated

temperatures. Alloys 1100 and 3003 were also resist-

ant to pure anhydrous liquid ammonia but contami-

nants can result in pitting of the metal. In dilute

ammonia solutions (up to - 10%) the initial rate of

attack is controlled by diffusion of OH- ions to the

aluminum surface and is a function of pH. Passiva-

tion of the aluminum surface occurs when a critical

amount of corrosion product builds up at the alumi-

num surface forming a protective film. If solution

saturation of soluble corrosion product is relieved

before passivation. film formation may not occur. A

careful analysis of exposure conditions is required in

using aluminum alloys in dilute ammonia. Alumi-

num alloys have been used in refrigeration systems

handling liquid ammonia containing up to 5% wa-

ter and in producing synthetic ammonia. Alumi-

num alloy compressors. heat exchangers. evapora-

tors. condensers. and piping have been used in

producing ammonia. Aluminum alloy pressure ves-

sels have been used for storing and tranrponing am-

monia. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide have

been used to inhibit corrosion under condensing

conditions. See Ref: (1) p. 125. (2) p. 46, (3) pp. 43,

S8. 61. 223, (7) p. 14.

AMMONIUM ACETATE. CH,COONH,. Solid

ammonium acetate caused mild attack ( - 3 mpy) of

alloys 3003 and 5154 in laboratory tests conducted

under conditions of 100% relative hunvdiry at am-

bient temperature. In other laboratory tests. I, 5

and 10% solutions of ammonium acetate at ambi-

ent temperature caused mild attack of 3003 alloy

while the alloy was resistant to concentrated solu-

tions. Dry ammonium acetate has been stored and

transported in aluminum alloy containers. See also

Ref: (1) p. 125, (3) p. 71. (5) p. 11. (7) p. 1.5.

AMMONIUM BICARBONATE. NH,HCO,. Alu-

minum alloy equipment has been used in the pro-

duction of ammonium bicarbonate. See also Ref:

(1) p. 125. (3) p. 67. (5) p. 11. (7) p. 15.

AMMONIUM CARBAMATE. NHzCOO.NH,.

Ammonium carbamate has been produced and

handled in aluminum alloy equipment, including

tanks, piping and subliming equipment. See also

Ref: (1) p. 125, (3) p. 68.

AMMONIUM CARBONATE. (NH,)&O,. Solid

ammonium carbonate caused mild attack (-2

mpy) on 5154 alloy Hhile 3003 alloy was resistant to

solid ammonium carbonate in laboratory tests con-

ducted under conditions of 100% relative humidity

at ambient temperature. Other laboratory tests in-

dicated that alloy 3003 was resistant to 1%. 5% and

50% aqueous solutions of ammonium carbonate.

Aluminum alloy storage tanks and piping have been

used for handling ammonium carbonate. See also

Ref: (I) p. 125, (3) p. 67. (7) p. 15.

AMMONIUM CHLORIDE. NH,CI. In laboratory

tests at ambient temperature, aqueous solutions (up

to 20%) of ammonium chloride caused mild attack

( - 3 mpy) on 1100 alloy with localized pitting occur-

ring at all concentrations. Solid ammonium chlo-

ride resulted in moderate attack ( - 6 mpy) on alloy

3003 in other laboratory tests under conditions of

100% relative humidity at ambient temperature.

Concentrated solutions of ammonium chloride at

the boiling point are very corrosive. See also Ref: (I)

p. 125. (2) p. 50. (3) p. 62. (7) p. 15.

AMMONIUM DICHROMATE. (NH,)&r?O-. Al-

loy 3003 was resistanr to solid ammonium dichro-

mate in laboratory tests under conditions of 100%

relative humidity at ambient temperature. Similar

results were obtained in other laboratory tests in-

volving aqueous solutions (up to IO%) of ammo-

nium dichromate at ambient :empcrature. See alto

Ref: (I) p. 125. (3) p. 0. (71 p. 17.

AMMONIUM FLUORIDE. NH,F. In laboratory

tests, solid ammonium fluoride caused mild attack

(-3 mpg) of alloy 3003 under conditions of 100%

relative humidity at ambient temperature. In other

laboratory tests. 505 solutions of ammonium fluo-

ride uere very corrwi\e co alloy 3003 dt 93C

(ZOOF), but at ambient temperature. II00 alloy

was resistant to solutions of 10% to 25%. See also

Ref: (I) p. 125. (3) p. 63. (7) p. 17.

AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE. NH,OH. In labora-

tory tests, ammonium hydroxide solutions have a

rapid initial reaction on aluminum alloys which de-

creased dramatically as concentration and pH in-

crease . The rate of attack of dilute ammonium hy

droxide solutions was moderate ( - 6 mpy) for 1100

alloy but decreased to less than 1 mpy when the con-

centration reached 10 N. Similarly, the rate was

mild (- 2 mpy) as the pH of the solutions reached

13. These decreases have been attributed to film for-

mation on aluminum alloys which has been pro-

moted by pre-saturation of the solution with alumi-

num. It has also been retarded or prevented by the

presence of precipitation resulting from over satura-

tion. Alumin~lm alloys have been used in processing

equipment. including pressure vessels, piping. stor-

age tanks and tank cars. See also Ref: (I) p. 125. (3)

pp. 43, 58. 61. (4) pp. 34. 35. 36, 37. 69 (7) p. 17.

AMMONIUM IODIDE. NHJ. Solid ammonium

iodide caused mild attack (- 2 mpy) of 3003 alloy

and mild attack (-4 mpy) with blistering of alloy

5154 in laboratory tests conducted under conditions

of 100% relative hun idity at ambient temperature.

See also. Ref: (3) p. 63.

AMMONIUM LACTATE. NH,C,HjO,. In labora-

tory tests at amb;ent temperature. 30% and 30%

aqueous solutiors of ammonium lactate caused

mild attack ( - 5mpy) on alloy 3003. while at boiling

temperature. 30% solutions were very corrosive. See

also Ref: (3) p. 71.

AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE. (NHJzMoO,. Al-

loy 3003 was resistant to solid ammonium molyb-

date in laboratory tests conducted under conditions

of 100% relative humidity at ambient temperature.

See also Ref: (7) pp. 16, 17.

AMMONIUM NITRATE. NH,NO,. See also AM-

MONIUM NITRATE (AMMONIATED). In labo-

ratory tests. alloy 3003 was found to be resistant to

(continued)


4/57

612

Corrosion Resistant

Materials Handbook


dry ammonium nitrate at ambient temperature and

to aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate at ambi-

znt and elevated temperatures (up to 18OF). Am-

monium nitrate solutions used mainly for fertilizers,

have been produced. piped and stored in aluminum

alloy tank cars in concentrations up to 83% by

weight and at rempcratures up to 12 I C (250F). In

the hot 83% solution. corrosion can be stimulated

particularly at welds by the presence of Free nitric

acid. To avoid this, the pH of the hot solution

should be maintained above 6 and rhe solutigln agi-

tated to maintain d uniform pH. Welded 3003 alloy

is more tolerant of these acidic conditions and has

been used For tank bottoms and piping. Mercury

contamination can also be a serious problem in am-

monium nitrate service and must be avoided. Roof-

ing, siding, and prilling towers have been used in

ammonium nitrate plants. See also Ref: (1) p. 125.

(2) p. 55. (3) p. 66. (7) p. 17.

AMMONIUM NITRATE (AMMONIATED).

Ammoniated solutions of ammonium nitrate have

been shipped, stored, and handled in aluminum al-

loyequipment. See also Ref: (1) p. 125. (2) p. 55. (3)

p. 66.

AMMONIUM OXALATE. (NH&C20,.Hz0. So-

lid ammonium oxalate caused mild attack ( - 2

mpy) of 3003 alloy in laboratory tests conducted un-

der conditions of 100% relative humidity at ambient

temperature. In other laboratory tests, 1% solution

of ammonium oxalate at ambient temperature

caused mild attack ( -3 mpy) and 4% solution was

corrosive to alloy 3003; while at the boiling tempera-

ture. 1% solution was very corrosive. See also Ref:

(I) p. 125. (3) p. 71. (7) p. 17.

AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE. NH,CIO,. Alu-

minum alloy equipment has been used For produc-

ing and handling ammonium perchlorate. See also

Ref: (3) p. 63, (7) p. 17.

A,MMONlUM PERSULFATE. (NH,),StOn. Al-

loys 3003 and 5154 were resistant to solid ammo-

nium persulfate in laboratory tests conducted under


temperature. See also Ref: (I) p. 125. (2) p. 58, (3)

p. b5. (7) p. 17.

AMMONlUM PHOSPHATE.

Monobasic NH,H,PO,. Dibasic (NH&HPO+ The

action of ammonium phosphates on aluminum is a

Function of both the concentration and the tempera-

ture. Solutions of the monobasic salt are less corro-

sive than are solutions of the dibasic salt and the

rate of attack decreases with time. Laboratory tests

showed that solutions of the monobasic salt up to

28% caused moderate attack (- 10 mpy) on alloy

3003. Solutions of the diammonium talt are corro-

sive to aluminum alloys and should not be used with

aluminum equipment unless inhibitors are em-

ployed. See also Ref: (I) p. 125. (2) p. 60.

AMMONIUM SULFAMATE.

NH,SO,NHz. Lab-

oratory tests indicated that II00 alloy was resistant

to aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfamate at

ambient temperature. See also Ref: (7) pp. 17 . 18.

AM,MONlUM SGLFATE. (NH&SO,. In labora-

tory tests, alloy 3003 was resistant to solid ammo-

nium sulfate under conditions of 100% relative hu-

midity at ambient temperature. Other laboratory

tests showed that 1100lloy was resistant to 1%

to

45% solutions of ammonium sulfate at ambient

temperature. Aluminum alloys have been used for

handling ammonium sulfate. See also Ref: FF) p.

125. (2) p. 62, (3) p. 64, (7) p. 19.

AMMONIUM SULFIDE. (NH,)*S. In

laboratory

tests. 1100 alloy was resistant to 15% to 40%

SOlU-

tions of ammonium sulfide at ambient temperature.

Aluminum alloys have been used For piping, coolers

and tanks with ammonium sulfide. See also Ref: (I)

p.

125. (3) p.

63. (7) p. 19.

AMMONIUM TH~OCYANATE. NH,SCN.

AIIO~S

3003 and 5154 were resistant to solid ammonium

thiocyanate in laboratory tests conducted under


temperature. In other laboratory tests, alloys 3003,

5052 and 6061 were resistant to 1. 25 and 50% solu-

tions of ammonium thiocyanate at ambient temper-

ature. Aluminum alloy tanks and piping have been

used to handle ammonium thiocyanate. See also

Ref: (I) p. 126, (2) p. 66. (3) p. 69, (7) p. 19.

sol. (chlorophenoxy) acetic acid, copper oxychloride

(0.5% Max.) and calcium polysulfides. In labora-

tory tests most insecticides were corrosive to alumi-

num alloys. See also Ref: (IO) p. 101.

APPLE BRINE. Limited laboratory tests indicated

that 5052 alloy was resistant to apple brine at 100C

(212F).

AQUA REGlA. A

mixture of nitric and hydro-

chloric acid. In laboratory tests, aqua regia was very

corrosive to all aluminum alloys. See aiso Ref: (2) p.

80, (3) p. 38.

AMMONIUM THIOGLYCOLATE.

HSCH&OONHI. Ammonium thioglycolate has

been handled and shipped in aluminum alloy con-

tainers. See also Ref: (3) p. 71.

ARGON. A. Aluminum alloys have been used For

pressure vessels and containers handling argon. See


AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE.

(NH,),S,O,. Laboratory tests showed that alloy

3003 was resistant to aqueous solutions of ammo-

nium thiosulfate at ambient temperature. Aqueous

ammonium thiosulfate solutions have been shipped

in aluminum drums. See also Ref: (3) p. 65. (7) p.

19.

ARSENIC ACID.

H,AsO,. In limited laboratory

tests, concentrated arsenic acid *as very corrosive to

6061 alloy at ambient temperature. See also Ref: (3)

p. 49, (7) p. 25.

ARSENIC TRIOXIDE.

As,O,.

Alloys 3003 and

5154 were resistant to solid arsenic trioxide in labo-

ratorv tests conducted under conditions of 100%

relative humidity at ambient temperature. See also

Ref: (3) p. 49. (7) p. 25.

AMYL ACETATE. CHJ(CH1)lOOCCH,. In labo-

ratory tests, alloys 3003 and 5052 were resistant to

amyl acetate at temperatures up to 204C (4OOOF).

In other laboratory tests, condensing amyl acetate

caused mild attack ( - 3 mpy) of alloy 3003. Pure

amyl acetate has been stored in aluminum alloy

tanks. See also Ref: (1) p. 126, (2) p. 68. (3) p. 136.

(7) p. 19.

ASBESTOS. Laboratory tests have shown that wet

asbestos will cause corrosion when in intimate con-

tact with all aluminum alloys. This has been con-

firmed by service experience. Dry asbestos does not

cause corrosion of aluminum alloys. See also Ref:

(I) p. 126. (5) p. 12.

AJMYL ALCOHOL. CH,(CH,),OH. Limited labo-

ratory tests indicated that alloy 3003 war resistant to

amyl alcohol at 100C (212F). Amyl alcohol war

very corrosive to 204C (JO03F) and at the boiling

point. Aluminum alloys have been used to handle

amyl alcohol. See also Ref: (2) p. 71, (3) p. 113, (7)

p. 21.

ASPARTIC ACID. HOOC.CH2CH(NHI).CDDH.

In limited laboratory tests, alloy 3003 was resistant

to aspanic acid at 204C (4M)F). See also Ref: (I)

p. 126. (3) p. 146, (7) p. 25.

ASPHALT.

Bituminous substances From petro-

leum or purified tar. Aluminum alloy piping and

tankers have been used For handling asphalt. See

also Ref: (1) p. 126. (3) p. 221.

AMYL .MERCAPTAN. CH,(CH2),SH. Amyl mer-

captan has been stored in aluminum alloy tanks.

See alu, Ref: (3)

p.

133. (7) p. 21.

AMYL VALERATE. (CH,),CHCH2COOCsH,,.

Laboratory tests indicated that 1100 alloy was resist-

ant to concentrated amyl valerate at ambient tem-

perature. Amy1 valerate is handled in aluminum

containers. See also Ref: (7) pp. 20. 21.

ASPIRIN. CH,COOC,H,COOH. Aluminum al-

loys have been used in reaction and crystallization

equipment for the preparation of aspirin. See also

Ref: (2) p. 26. (3) pp. 130. 239.

ANILINE. C,HsNH,. Laboratory tests indicated

that 1 LOO lloy was resistant to aniline vapors at am-

bient and 75C (167F) temperatures. However,

concentrated solutions of aniline were corrosive to

1100 alloy at the boiling Point 184C (364OF). Alu-

minum alloy equipment has been used in procesru

involving aniline. See also Rcf: (1) p. 126. (2) p. 73,

(3) p. 144, (7) p. 21.

ANISE OIL.

Aluminum alloy tanks have been used

for storing anise oil. See also Ref: (8) p. 12.5.

ANTIFREEZE SOLUTIONS. Water Solutions of

Methyl Alcohol, Glycerin or Glycol. Laboratory

tests have shown that alloys I100 and 3003 were re-

sistant to many commercial antifreeze solutions. In

automotive applications, the antifreeze solution

must be maintained at the proper concentration in

order that sufficient inhibitor is present to prevent

deposition corrosion by heavy metal ions picked up

From dissimilar metals in the system. Aluminum al-

loys have been used for automotive radiators and

heat exchangers. See also

Ref: (I)

p. 126. (3) pp. 23.

114, 115. 136.240.

ATMOSPHERES. Most aluminum alloys have re-

sisted atmospheric weathering in laboratory con-

trolled tests and have been widely used For architec-

tural and structural purposes. The earliest known

example of aluminum exposed to the weather is the

cap piece on the well-known Washington Monu-

ment erected in 1884. That 100 ounce casting was

examined in 1934 and again in 1964. Both examina-

tions confirmed the resistance to weathering of the

cap, as evidenced by the legibility of the original en-

graved inscriptions. The earliest known use of alu-

minum sheet For a roof is Found on the St. Cioac-

chino church in Rome. Italy. Installed in 1897.

examination after 70 years disclosed a measured

corrosion depth of 0.06 mm (2.5 mils) average. A

number of applications of aluminum For electrical

power cables began early in the present century and

continue in use today. An early stranded aluminum

power cable in service near Hartford, CT, For 51

years. exhibited an average measured corrosion

depth of 0.109 mm (4.3 mils). Aluminum castings

have been used For thousands of spandrel panels on

many buildings such as those in the Radio City com-

plex completed during 1432 in New York and the

Koppers Building completed during 1929 m Pitts-

burgh. PA. The Empire State Building also com-

pleted during 1929 in New York City had about

gZS.OW pounds of aluminum applied to its exterior.

ANTIPESTICIDES, INSECTICIDES. Dinitrocre-

(continued)


5/57


613

TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION hminued)

The A. 0. Smith Bulldmg completed during 1930 m

Milwulkee. Wisconsin. may hdve been the forerun-

ner of aluminum curtain wall corwruction. Exami-

niltmn iu 1962 of a cast panel from the Smith Butld-

mg disclosed average

measured depth of attack to

be 0.053 mm (2.1 mils) in the 6.35 mm (250 mils)

thick metal. Aluminum residential roof shingles

were marketed beginning in 1928 and examination

of such a roof after 30 years in an industrial atmo-

sphere revealed an average depth of corrosion pme-

tration of 0.076 mm (3.0 mils) in the 0.508 mm (20

mils) thick 3003 alloy sheet. Since 1930. many appli-

cations of aluminum roofing and siding have been

made throughout the world. Alclad aluminum in-

dustrial roofing and siding have been used for many

years in a wide variety of highly industrial atmo-

spheres. Corrosion depth is arrested at the cladding-

core interface under the effect of cathodic protection

by the 1% zinc-bearing aluminum alloy cladding.

Port facilities throughout the nation have used large

quantities of those alclad aluminum sheet products

for transit sheds, storage buildings and the like. Lit-

erally hundreds of studies have been made on alumi-

num alloys after service for many years in industrial

and seacoast localities.

B

BARIUM CARBONATE. BaCO,. Allo) 3003 uas

resistant to solid barium carbonate in laboratory

tests conducted under conditions of IOOYG elative

humldity at amhient temperature. See also Ref: (3)

p. 76, (7) p. 27.

BARIUM CHLORIDE. B&I,.2 H20. Alloy 3003

was resistant to solid barium chloride in laboratory

tests conducted under conditions of 100% relative

humidity at ambient temperature. In other labora-

tory tests. 1100 alloy was resistant to 0.001 to 0.4 N

solutions of barium chloride at ambient tempera-

ture. See also Rcf: (I) p. 127, (2) p. 84. (3) p. 73, (7)

p. 27.

BARIUM HYDROXIDE. Ba(OH),.B H,O. Lab-

oratory tests have shown that aqueous solutions of

barium hydroxide are very corrosive to aluminum al-

loys. Aluminum alloys are not ordinarily used with

barium hydroxide solutions. See also Ref: (1) p. 127.

(3) p. 72, (7) p. 27.

BARIUM NITRATE. Ba(N0J2. Alloy 3003 was

resistant to solid barium nitrate in laboratory tests

under conditions of 100% relative humidity at am-

bient temperature. In other laboratory tests. 1100

alloy was resistant to dilute aqueous solution of

barium nitrate at ambient temperature. See also Rel:

(3) p. 75, (7) p. 27.

BmM SULFIDE. BaS. In limited laboratory

tests, a 10% aqueous solution of barium sulfide was

corrosive to 3003 alloy at ambient temperature and at

50C (122F). See also Ref: (3) p. 74. (7) p. 27.

BAUXITE. Ore of aluminum. containing a high

content of hydrated aluminum oxide together with

lesser amounts of oxides of iron. silicon and titanium

and some minor impurities. Aluminum alloys have

been used for transporting bauxite and as building

components in bauxite plants. See also Ref: (8) pp.

loo. 190.

BEANS.

Beans have been canned in coated alumi-

num alloy cans. See also Ref: (6) p. Il.

BEER. Laboratory tests have shown that beer causes

mild attack of most aluminum alloys and even less of

high purity aluminum. In the brewing of beer, alumi-

num alloys have been used for fermenters, yeast tubs.

culture tanks, carbonating tanks, coolers,

storage

tanks. beer kegs and other containers. Aluminum al-

loys have also been used for wart receiving and set-

tling vessels and filtering apparatus. Aluminum alloy

beer cans are coated internally. See also Ref: (I) p.

127. (3) p. 202. (4) pp. 94, 95, %. 97, 128, (6) p. 10.

BEESWAX. Conrainr about 8@G myricin. Beesuax

ha> been used as a prorecti\e coating for alummum

allo strw corrouon cracking test fixtures. See also

Ref: (I) p. 127. (3) p. 225.

BENZALDEHYDE. C,,H;CHO. In laborator)

tests. alloys 3003. 5052 and 51.54 uere resistant to

benzaldeh\de at 5OC (122F) and 2WC (400 F).

Under boiling and condensing conditions, benzalde-

hyde caused moderate attack u-lth localized pnting

(- 8 mpy). In other laboratory tests. the addition of

water to brnzaldehyde caused moderate corrosion

with the maximum attack (- I2 mpy) of 1100 allo

developing at about a IO?& mixture of benzaldehyde

in water. Aluminum alloy drums and tanks, dinilla-

tion columns. condensers and dephlegmators have

been used to handle pure henzaldehyde. See also Ref:

(1) p. 127. (2) p. 87. (3) p. 120. (7) p. 27.

BENZENE. C,&,. In laboratory tests. alloys 3003.

5052,5l.S4 and 6&l were resistant to benzene at am-

bient and SOY (122F) temperatures. The addition

of moisture increases the corrosivity of benzene

towards aluminum alloy\. Aluminum equipment has

been used for stills, fractionators, dephlegmators.

condensers. tanks and heat exchangers for benzene.

See also Ref: (I) p. 127. (2) p. 90. (3) pp. 104. 223.

242, (7) p. 31.

BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE. C,H,CI,. Alumi-

num allob equipment has been used in handling ben-

zene hexachloride. CAUTION see Halogenated

Hydrocarbons. See also Ref: (3) p. 110, (7) p. 31.

BENZ& C,HrCOCOC,Hs. In limited laboratory

tests. alloy 3003 was resistant to benzil at 204C

(400F). Localized pitting was evidenced on the

3003. See also Ref: (3) p. 121. (7) p. 31.

BENZOIC ACID. C,H:,COOH. Alloys 3003 and

5154 were resistant to solid benzoic acid in laboratory

tests under conditions of 100% relative humidity at

ambient temperature. Aluminum alloy sublimating

equipment. hoppers and piping have been used in

the production of benzoic acid. See also Ref: (1) p.

127, (2) p. 96, (3) p. 132. (7) p. 29.

BENZOYI. CHLORIDE. C,HJOCI. Limited lab-

oratory tests indicate that benzoyl chloride is corm-

sive to high purity aluminum at boiling temperature

198C (388F). CAUTION See Halogenated Hy-

drocarbons. See al5o Ref: (1) p. 127, (3) p. 133.

BENZYL ACETATE. C,H,CH,OOCCH,. In lab-

oratory tests, alloy 3003 was resistant to benzyl ace-

tate at 1005C (212F) but was corroded under boiling

and condensing conditions.

BENZYL ALCOHOL. C,H,CH,OH. In laboratory

tests. alloy 3003 was resistant to benzyl alcohol at

2O4C (4OOF) and under refluxing conditions. Ben-

zyl alcohol has heen handled in aluminum alloy

tanks. See also Ref: (3) p. 113, (7) p. 33.

BENZYL CHLORIDE. C,H:,CHICI. High purity

aluminum was resistant to benzyl chloride in lahora-

tory tests at ambient temperature. Benzyl chloride

caused corrosion of other alloys, increasing as tem-

perature increased.

CAUTION: See

Halogenated

Hydrocarbons. See also Ref: (2) p. 100. (3) p. I

I I,

(7) p. 33.

BERYLLIUM

HLORIDE. BeCl,. Aluminum aIloy

contamers have been used for storing and transpon-

ing beryllium chloride. See also Ref: (2) p. 102. (3)

p. 73. (7) p. 35.

BISMUTH NITRATE. Bi(NO,),S H,O. Alloys

3003 and 5154 were resistant to solid bismuth nitrate

in laboratov tests conducted under conditions of

100% relative humidity at ambient temperature. See

also Ref: (8) p. 106.

BITUMINOUS PAINT. Laboratory tests have

shown that bituminous paint is protective to alumi-

num alloys. See also Ref: (I) p. 127, (3) pp. 218.221.

(4) p. 141.

BLACKBERRY NICE. In laboratory tests. black-

berry pomace and juice mixture was corrosive to 3003

alloy at 100C (212F). See also Ref: (4) pp. 88. 89.

BORDEAUX MIXTURE. A mixture of cupric sul-

fate, calcium oxide. and water. Aluminum alloy

equipment has been used to handle Bordeaux mix-

ture. See also Ref: (1) p. 127 .

BORIC ACID. H.,BO,. Alloys 3003 and 5154 were

resistant to solid boric acid in laboratory tests con-

ducted under conditions of 100% relative humidity

at ambient temperature. In other laboratory tests, al-

loys 1100. 3003 and 6061 were resistant to aqueous

solutions (I-IS%) of boric acid at ambient tempera-

ture and at 60C (14OF). Aluminum alloy drying

kilns, trays, conveyors. hoods, tanks and valves have

been used for handling boric acid. See also Ref: (1) p.

127, (2) p. 108, (3) p. 51, (4) pp. 123, 124, 125. (7) p.

35.

BORON TIUFLUORIDE. BF1. Aluminum alloy

reactors have been used in the manufacture of naph-

thalene in which boron trifluoride is used as a cata-

lyst. See also Ref: (1) p. 127 , (3) p. 51, (7) p. 37.

BOROSILICATES.

In laboratory tests. 3003 alloy

was resistant to borosilicate glass wool under condi-

tions of 100% relative humidity al 52C (125F). See

also Ref: (10) pp. 29, 108.

BROMOFORM. CHBr,. In limited laboratory

tests, bromoform was corrosive to aluminum alloys

with the attack being accelerated as the temperature

increased. Inhibitors such as amines have promise of

reducing the attack to some degree. CAUTION See

Halogenated Hydrocarbons. See also Ref: (1) p,

128. (3) pp. 23, 106. (7) p. 37.

BROMOMETHANE. CH,Br. In limited laboratory

tests, bromomethane was very corrosive to high pu-

rity aluminum at 50C (122F). See also Ref: (3) p.

105.

BULK (DRY) MATERIALS. Aluminum alloys

have been used to handle a wide variety of materials

in bins. cars. drums and wrappings. Listed below are

some examples of these materials. See also Ref: (6)

pp. 10, 11. 12.

Flour

Phosphorus suspensions

Sugar

Cement

Synthetic detergents Whiting

Soap flakes Ethycel

Cocoa Salt

Instant coffee

IJ-BUTADIENE. CHz:(CH)z:CH,.This product

has been stored and transported in aluminum alloy

equipment. See also Ref: (3) p. 103.

BUTANE. CH,(CH,),CH,. Aluminum alloy pipe

and tube have been used to handle butane. See also

Ref: (I) p. 128. (3) p. 214. (7) p. 39.

BUTTER. Aluminum alloy equipment has been

(continued)


6/57


7/57


615


CARBON TETRACHLORCDE. CCIJ. In labora-

tory tests. alloys 3003. 5052 and 5154 were resistant

to carbon tetrachloride at ambient temperature.

whereas. boiling carbon tetrachloride was corrosive

to these alloys as well as to many others. Two prod-

ucts of this reaction are aluminum chloride and hexa-

chlomethane. The reaction apparently is electro-

chemical in nature and accelerated by anhydrous

aluminum chloride. The reaction decreases rapidly

as the temperature is dropped from boiling 177C

(170F)I to 50C (122F). The rate increases

markedly on superheating. The presence of water.

carbon disulfide or oxygen increases the action at

lower temperatures and decreases it at higher tem-

peratures. The action can also be minimized by add-

~ng stabilizers. Aluminum powder in contact with

carbon tetrachloride should not be used as a milling

medium for comminuting aluminum. CAUTION:

See Halogenated Hydrocarbons . See also Ref: (I)

p. 129. (2) p 153. (3) pp. 23. 106.

ture. Similar results were obtained with 2% and 20%

solutions of chlordane in kerosene. However. the ad-

dition of as little as 0.2% distilled water to these colu-

tions increased their corrotivity greatly. Aluminum

alloy containers have been used for the bulk rhip-

ment of chlordane. CACiTl0.V. See Halogenated

Hydrocarbons . See also Ref: (3) p. 110. (7) p. 55.

CHLORINE. C12. In laboratory tests, aqueous soIu+

tions containing 25.50. and 100 ppm chlorine caused

moderate attack of I IO0 and 6061 alloys at ambient

temperature. Dry chlorine gas does not attack alumi-

num alloys. but in the presence of water is corrosive.

Aluminum alloy bus bar has been used in caustic-

chlorine plants. Hot chlorine gar has been cooled in

aluminum alloy heat exchangen. See also Ref: (1) p.

129, (2) p. 167, (3) pp. 36, 247, (7) p. 57.

CELLULOSE. (ChH,,,Or) ,. Aluminum alloy equip-

ment has been wed to handle cellulose. See also Ref:

(I) p. 129. (31 pp. 124. 231.

CHMROACETIC ACID. CHICI COOH. Labora-

tory tests indicated that pure chloroacetic acid is very

corrosive to 3003 alloy at 204C (400F). CAUTION:

See Halogenated Hydrocarbons. See also Ref: (7)

pp. 56,

57.

CELLULOSE ACETATE BUTYRATE. Alumi-

num alloy 5110s. piping. Jnd conveyors have been

used for handling cellulose acetate butyrate. See also

Ref: (3) p. 130. (7) p. 53.

CELLULOSE ACETATES. Aluminum alloys have

been used in the preparation and storage of cellulose

acetates. See also Ref: (I) p. 129. (3) pp. 136.232. (7)

p. 53.

CHLOROBENZENE. C,H&I. Laboratory tests in-

dicated that alloy 3003 was resistant to chloroben-

zene at 100C (212F) and refluxing temperatures.

Chlorobenzene has been shipped in aluminum alloy

tank trucks. CAUTION: See Halogenated Hydm-

carbons. See also Ref: (2) p. 173. (3) p. 111. (7) p,

57.

CEMENT, PORTLAND. While in the fluid state,

Ponland cement causes etching of aluminum alloys

as indicated in laboratory tests and in service applica-

tions. After the cement has set, no further corrosion

occurs as a result of a protective film forming on the

aluminum. Galvanic corrosion will develop if alumi-

num is coupled

to

dissimilar metals in cement or con-

crete to which chlorides have been added for high

early strength. Aluminum alloys have been used for

freight can. hopper can, and tote bins handling ce-

ment. Aluminum has also been used successfully for

racks and pallets in the concrete block industry,

molds and forms. and terrazzo divider strips. See also

Ref: (I) p. 129. (2) p. 161. (3) p. 228.

l-CHLOROBUTANE. C,H,CI. Laboratory tests

showed that 3003 alloy was resistant to I-chloro-

butane at ambient temperature and 50C (IZZF).

At the reflux temperature I-chlorobutane was corro-

sive to alloy 3003 and high purity aluminum. CAU

TION: See Halogenated Hydrocarbons.

2XHLOROBUTANE. CH,&HICHCICHJ. In labo-

ratory tests. alloy 3003 was resistant to 2.chloro-

butane at ambient temperature. At higher tempera-

tures, 2.chlorobutane was corrosive to 3003 alloy.

CAUTION: See Halogenated Hydrocarbons.

CEREALS. Aluminum alloy equipment has been

used for handling and preparation of cereals.

2XHLOROETHANOL. CHzCICHIOH. In labora-

tory tests, 3003 alloy was resistant to 2.chloroethanol

at ambient temperature. Corrosion increased rignifi-

cantly as temperature increased with 2.chloroethanol

being very corrosive at the boiling point. C4UTION:

See Halogenated Hydrocarbons. See also Ref: (3)

p. 133. (7) p. 87.

CHEESE. Cheeses vary in their action on aluminum

alloys. In laboratory tests, aluminum alloys were

resistant to some cheeses, while other cheeses were

corrosive. When necessary. aluminum alloys can be

protected readily. Aluminum vats and molds have

been used for processing cheese. Aluminum wrap-

pings and containers have been used for cheese.

Those have usually been protected . See also Ref: (I)

p. 129, (3) pp. 199. 205, (4) pp. 84, 102, 103. 114,

115. (6) pp. 9 . II, 14, 15.

CHLOROFORM. CHCI,. In laboratory tests, Ill 0

alloy was resistant to chloroform with a trace of water

at temperatures up to the boiling point 6lC (142F).

In the same test. anbydrouc chloroform uas cop~o-

sive. CAUTION: See Halogenated Hydrocarbons.

See also Ref: (1) p. 130. (2) p. 179. (3) p. 106. t) p.

59.

CHERRIES. In laboratory tests, cherries in brine

caused moderate attack of 3003. %2. and Alclad

3003 alloys at amblent temperature. Alclad 3003

when exposed at ambient temperature was resistant

to Maraschino cherries in another laboratory test.

Fresh chemies in water have been carried by alumi-

num alloy irrigation pipe to processing tanks.

CHLORONITROBENZE,NE. NO:C,H,CI. In lim-

ited laboratory tests, 3003 alloy was resistant to chlo-

ronitrobenzene at ambient temperature. CrlU-

TIO,V: See Halogenated hydrocarbons . See also

Ref: (2) p. 185.

CHOCOLATE. Aluminum alloy equipment has

been used in the preparation and manufacture of

chocolate candy. Aluminum foil has been used to

package chocolate products. See also Ref: (3) pp.

200.203. (4) p. 115, (6) p. 12.

CHERRY MCE. In laboratory tests, sweet red

CHROMIC ACID. H2Cr004. In laboratory tests,

cherry juice caused mild attack ( - 4 mpy) of 3003

1100 alloy was resistant to aqueous chromic acid

alloy at lOOC (212F) while black cherry juice caused

solutions in concentrations up to 0.1 N at ambient

moderate attack ( - 8 mpy). See also Ref: (4) pp. 88,

temperature. See also Ref: (1) p. 130, (2) p. 194. (3)

89, (6) p. IO.

pp. 82, 236, (4) pp. 21, 121, (7) p. 63.

CHLORDANE. C,,H,CI,. In laboratory tests. 3003

alloy was resistant to technical chlordane with ot

without 0.2% water additions at ambient tempera-

CHROMIUM. Cr. Chromium plated aluminum al-

loy products have been used. See also Ref: (3) p. 82,

(4) pp. 83. 134.

CHROMIUM OXIDE. Cr,O,. Chromium oxide in

the dry state has been handled in aluminum alloy

equipment. See also Ref: (1) p. 130. (3) p. 82.

CHROMlUM POTASSIUM SULFATE.

CrK(S0,)~~12H10. Alloys 3003 and 5154 were

resistant to solid chromium potassium sulfate in

laboratory tests conducted under conditions of

100% relative humidity at ambient temperature.


CHROMIUM SULFATE. Cr,(SO,), I5 H20.

Solid chromium sulfate was corrosive to 3003 alloy

in laboratory tests conducted under conditions of

lOO% relative humidity at ambient temperature.

See also Ref: (1) p. 130. (3) p. 82, (7) p. 63.

CHROMIUM TRIOXIDE. CrO,. Solid chromium

trioxide caused moderate attack ( - 17 mpy) of 3003

alloy in laboratory tests conducted under conditions

of 100% relative humidity at ambient temperature.

Alloy 356.0 valves have been used for handling

chromic acid solutions. See also Ref: (2) p. 194, (3)

p. 82. (7) p. 63.

CIDER. In laboratory tests, 5052 alloy was resis-

tant to apple cider at 38C (IOOF). See also Rrf:

(1) p. 130. (3) p. 202. (4) pp. 78. 97. (6) p. IO.

CITRIC ACID.

(HOOC)CH,C.(OH)(COOH)

.CH:COOH. In laboratory tests. II00 alloy uas

resistant to aqueous solutions of citric acid at am-

blent remperarure. While increased concentration

had little effect, increasing temperature cawed the

corrosivity of the solutions to increase subsrantlally.

The presence of chlorides or heavy metals mcreaws

the corroshity of these solutions. Aluminum has no

harmful action on the organisms used in rhe manu-

facture of citric acid and is suitable for cc:uipment

ruch as fermenting vats. crystallizers, solution

storage \ats. and piping. Alloy 356.0 vahes have

been used for handling citric acid solutions. See also

Ref: (I) p. 130. (2) p. 199. (3) pp. 131, 209. (4) pp.

22, 25. 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 31, 109. 110. 113. (7)

p. 6.5.

CITRUS FRUlT IUICES. Labora tory tests indi-

cated that alloys 3003. 5052. and 5086 were resistant

to citrus fruit juices at ambient and refrigerated tem-

peratures. See also Ref: (-I) p. 90. (6) p. IO. 13.

CLAY. Variable substance with a base of hydrous

aluminum silicate. Dry clay and clay slurries have

been handled in aluminum alloy piping, fittings, and

valves. See also Ref: (I) p. 130. (3) p, 228.

COAL.. Mainly carbon. containing also many or-

game compounds. A controlled field test indicated

that aluminum alloys performed uell when contact-

ing various types of coal for 30 years. Aluminum

alloys have been used for trucks, hopper cars. chutes,

skips, cages, trolleys. pit props, and hand tools in the

handling of coal. Aluminum liners have given satis-

factory service in coal bunkers to assist in the flow of

the coal. See also Ref: (1) p. 130, (3) pp. SO, 221.

COAL GAS. Containing hydrogen, methane, car-

bon monoxide, ethane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, ni-

trogen and volatile organic compounds . Limited lab-

oratory tests showed that 443.0 casting alloy was

resistant to coal gas at ambient temperature. See also

Ref: (3) p. 221, (7) p. 65.

COAL TAR. Containing benzene, toluene. naph-

thalene. anthracene.

xylene. other aromatics;

phenol, cresol, other phenolics; ammonia. pyridene.

other organic bases. thiophene. Aluminum alloy

equipment including distillation columns, conden-

sers and piping have been used in the production of

coal tar. See also Ref: (3) pp. 223, 224.

(continued)


8/57

616

Corrosion Resistant Mater ia ls Handboo k


COBALT COMPOUNDS. Solid cobaltous chloride

was very corrosive to alloys 3003 and 5154 in lab-

oratory tests conducted under conditions of 100%

relative humidity at ambient temperature. Solid cw

baltous nitrate caused mild attack ( - 3 mpy) of 3003

alloy in the same tests. See also Ref: (3) p. 84, (5) p.

13.

COCA COLA* SYRUP. In laboratory tests, Coca

Cola syrup is corrosive to aluminum alloys. Unpro

tected aluminum is not ordinarily used with this pro

duct.

mcml tndrm.rt

COCONUT OIL. Contains Irimyristin. trilaurin.

tripalmitin. tristearin. other glycerides. Coconut oil

has been stored in aluminum alloy tanks. See also

Ref: (7) p. 93.

COD LIVER OIL. A fixed oil containing vitamins

A and D. glycerides of palmitic. stearic. etc., acids,

cholesterol, butyl alcohol esters. Cod liver oil has

been processed and stored in aluminum alloy equip-

ment. See also Ref: (I) p. 130, (2) p. 294. (3) p. 239.

COFFEE. Coffee

has been prepared in aluminum

alloy cooking equipment and utensils. See also Ref:

(1) p. 130. (3) p. 211. (4) pp. 80. 84.97, (6) p. 12.

COKE. (From destructive distillation of coal and

other carbonaceous materials.) The resistance of alu-

minum to coke has been reflected by its use for coke

conveyor buckets and as sprayed coatings to protect

steel can used for coke quenching. Aluminum alloy

equipment has been used in many applications

handling coke oven gas. Deacidifien. pipes. heat ex-

changers, heating coils, regenerators, and absorbers

made of aluminum allovs have been in service om.

cessingcoke oven gas. S& also Ref: (1) p. 130, ($&.

210, 221, 223.

COKE OVEN GAS. Contains hydrogen, methane,

carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds. Alu-

minum alloy deacidifiers. heat exchangers, and heat-

ing coils have been used in the Collins process for the

desulfurization of coke oven gas. Condensation of

moisture on surfaces contacting coke oven gas CM

accelerate cormsion on aluminum alloys as the result

of the formation of sulfurous acid. See also Ref: (1) .

130. (2) p. 859.

COLLODION. Pymxylin dissolved in alcohol and

ether. Laboratory tests showed that alloy 6053 was

Rsistant to collodion at ambient temperature. Col-

lodion has been stored in aluminum alloy containers.

See also Ref: (3) p. 124.

CONCRETE. Aluminum alloys embedded in fresh

mortar or concrete have been used in many applica-

tions. As shown by laboratory tests, 5ome surface

attack occurs during the first few hours while the

concrete is still fluid. However, further attack is

substantially retarded because of the formation of

highly protective films on the aluminum. Measured

depths of the attack that take place during the set-

ting period of concrete are generally less than 1 mil

while after 6 months or after 8 or 27 years in service

measured depths of attack have been found no

greater than S mils. Laboratory tests have dem-

onstrated that the volume of concrete in contact

with aluminum as well as availability of external

moisture have no more than a minor effect on the

performance of aluminum alloys embedded in con-

crete. In many applications, aluminum alloys em-

bedded in concrete are coupled directly or indirectly

to reinforcing or structural steel. Laboratory tests

have shown that aluminum is anodic to steel in con-

crete. Nonetheless. when coupled electrically in the

laboratory to steel in concrete, aluminum alloys

have been found less affected than when not cou-

pled as the result of more rapid formation of protec-

t

tive films. Calcium chloride is often added to mor-

tar and concrete to accelerate curing and to develop

high early strength. Sodium chloride may also be

present. as a contaminant of the water and sand. In

laboratory tests, the addition of appreciable amounts

of either calcium chloride or sodium chloride to con-

crete had little effect on the corrosivity of the con-

crete to aluminum alloys. However. these rests and

service experience show that small amounts of

chlorides will aggravate corrosion of alloys and even

cause deterioration of the concrete when the co_

sion is of a galvanic nature. especially when the con-

crete is either intermittently or continuously wet

after curing. While aluminum alloys perform well in

many applications involving mortar and concrete.

definite benefits may be obtained by using protec.

tive coatings to prevent staining, eliminate crevice

corrosion,

minimize galvanic corrosion, and im-

prove adhesion by decreasing gas evolution at the

metal interface. See also Ref: (IO) p. 29.

COPAL. Contains trachylolic acid, isotrachylolic

acid, resene and volatile oil or contains dammaric

acid. dammaran and a resin. Aluminum alloy

equipment has been used for the production of var.

nishes made from copal resins. See also Ref: (1) p.

131, (2) p. 210, (3) p. 226, (7) p. 65.

COPPER COMPOUNDS. In laboratory tests,

aqueous solutions of copper compounds were cot-

rosive to aluminum alloys causing localized pitting.

See also Ref: (1) p. 131. (3) p. 238.

CORK. The light, porous outer bark of the cork

oak. In laboratory tests, cork was corrosive to con-

tacting 3003 alloy under conditions of 100% relative

humidity at 52C (125F) which caused wetting of

the cork. See also Ref: (10) p. 29.

CORN OIL. A refined oil expressed from grain of

Zea mays L. Corn oil has been stored in aluminum

alloy containers. See also Ref: (6) p. II.

CORN PRODUCTS. In laboratory tests, alloys

1100 and 3003 were resistant to many corn prod-

ucts tested. Aluminum alloy equipment has been

used in the production of corn products. Aluminum

alloy hoods. ducts. piping, and conveyors have been

used.

CORN SYRUP. A mixture of dextrose and dextrins

in water. Laboratory tests indicated that 6061 alloy

was resistant to corn syrup at ambient temperature.

Corn syrup has been stored in aluminum alloy con-

tainers. See also Ref: (2) p. 229. (6) p. IO.

COSMETICS. In laboratory tests. many cosmetics

have been tested with variable results. Aluminum

alloy containers have been used for a variety of

creams, powders. lotions, and soaps. See also Ref:

(3) pp. 117. 239.

COTTONSEED OIL. A refined oil expressed from

the seeds of Gossypium herboceun and other species

of

Gossypium. In

laboratory tests, 6061 alloy was

resistant to cottonseed oil at ambient temperature.

Aluminum alloy storage tanks have been used for

cottonseed oil. See also Ref: (2) p. 872.

CREAM. Aluminum allovs have been used for

ream separators. See also kefz (3) p. 204. (4) pp. 26.

ICn, (6) p. 11.

XESOL C,H,(OH)(CH,). In laboratory tests,

1100 alloy was resistant to 1%. 3%. and 100% solu-

ions of cresol at ambient temperature. In other

aboratory tests. ctesol was very corrosive to I I00

alloy at the boiling point. See also Refz (1) p. 131. (2)

). 221. (3) p. 116, (7) p. 67.

XESYLIC ACID. A mixture of phenols from coal

tar. In laboratory tests. 1100 alloy was resistant to

l%, 3%. and 100% solutions of cresylic acid at am-

bient temperature. See also Ref: (2) p. 221, (7) p. 67.

CBYOIJTE. (SODIUM ALUMINUM FLUO-

RIDE). Alloy 3003 was resistant to solid cryolite in

laboratory tests conducted under conditions of 100%

relative humidity at ambient temperature. See also

Ref: (7) pp. 160. 161.

CUMENE. C,Hs CH(CH,),. In limited laboratory

tests. 3003 alloy was resistant to cumene under

refluxing conditions. Cumene has been stored in

aluminum alloy containers. See also Ref: (7) p. 69.

CURRANTS(BLACK AND RED). in limited lab-

oratory tes ts, red currants were corrosive to 3003

alloy at 100C (212F). Aluminum equipment has

been used in processing and preparing currants. See

also Ref: (6) p. IO.

CYCLOHEXANE. CJ& In laboratory tests, 3003

alloy was resistant to cyclohexane under &axing

conditions. Aluminum alloy tank trucks have been

used to ship cyclohexane. See also Ref: (3) p. 104,

(7) p. 71.

CYMENE. C&I,. In laboratory tests. 3003 alloy

was resistant to cymene under boiling and condens-

ing conditions and under refluxing conditions. See

also Ref: (3) p. 104.

D

2, 4-D. Cl,. C,H, 0. CH2. COOH. Limited labo-

ratory tests indicate that dilute aqueous solutions of

2. 4-D caused mild attack of 3003 alloy at ambient

temperature. 2, 4-D has been handled in aluminum

alloy sprayers and piping. CAUTION: See Halo.

genated Hydrocarbons. See also Ref: (3) p. 127.

DAJRY PRODUCTS. Aluminum alloys have been

used for milk pails, milk cans, storage tanks, truck

tankers. pasteurizers. coolers. butter chums and

tubs. foil hoods, and powdered milk driers. See also

Ref: (3) p. 204. (6) p. 11.

DDT. (CIC,H&CHCCII. Laboratory tests showed

that 3003 alloy was resistant to dry DDT and dilute

aqueous solutions of DDT at ambient temperature.

Aluminum alloy cans have been used for aerosol w

lotions of DDT.

CAUTION: See

Halogenated Hy

drocarbons . See also Ref: (2) p. 226. (3) pp. I Il.

241. (7) p. 75.

DETERGENTS. Aluminum alloys perform in dif-

ferent ways in different detergents. When in solu-

tion. some detergents stain andFor corrode alumi-

num. Since general conclusions cannot be drawn,

detergents rhould be tested individually before use

with aluminum alloys. Aluminum bins, silos. piping,

and packages have been used for detergents. See alu,

Ref: (I) p. 131. (3) p. 243, (4) pp. 34, 72, 75. 76, 85,

86, 87, 96, 103.

DMCETONE ALCOHOL.

(CHJ,C(OH)CH,COCH,. In limited laboratory

tests. 3003. 5052. and 5454 alloys were resistant to

diacetone alcohol at ambient temperature and at

54C (13OF). See also Ref: (3) p. 121.

DICHLOROACETIC ACID. CHC&COOH. In lim-

ited laboratory tests, dichloroacetic acid was co-

rive to 3003 alloy at 2OVC (400F).

CAUTION: Set

Halogenated Hydrocarbons. See also Ret (3)

p. 127.

DICHMROBENZENE. C&Cl,. In laboratory

tests, alloys 3003 and 5154 were resistant to dichloro-

benzene at 50C (122F). Dichkxobenzene has been

(continued)


9/57


617


handled in aluminum alloy tanks, filters, and heat

exchangers. CA UTION: See Halogenoted Hydra-

carbons. See also Ref: (2) p. 173, (3) p. Ill, (7) p.

75.

DICYCLOPENTENYL ALCOHOL. In laboratory

tests, 3003 alloy was resistant to dicyclopentenyl al-

cohol at boiling temperature.

ESSENTIAL OILS Volatile oils derived from plants

and usually taming the esxnt~al odor or flavor of

the plant used. Aluminum alloy equipment has been

used m the preparation. storage. ond trxtsport of er-

sential oils. See also Ref: (I) p. 131. (2) p. 2%. (3) p,

239.

DIETHANOLAMINE.

HN CHz CH*OH)*. Lab-

oratory tests showed that alloy 3003 was resistant to

diethanolamine at ambient temperature. However,

at the boiling temperaturn and under refluxing con-

ditions diethanolamine caused moderare attack.

While aluminum alloy heat exchangers have been

used to handle diethanolamine solutions, tests under

the anticipated conditions should be made prior to

use in service. See also Ref: (3) p. 145 .

ESTER GUMS. The glyce~l. methyl and eth I es-

ten of resin acids. Alummum alk>ys have been used

for piping ester gums.

DIETHYL4MlNE. (CJH&NH. Alloy 3003 was re-

sistant to diethylamine in laboratory tests conducted

at elevated temperatures of ICPC (212F) and

204C (400F). Aluminum alloy stills and condenser

tubes have been used in processing and handling di-

ethylamine. See also Ref: (7) pp. 76. 77.

ETHANOLAMINE. H,N.CHlCH,.OH. Limited

laboralor) tests under reflusing conditions indicate

that ethanolamine caused mild attack (-4 mp ) of

3003 alloy. Aluminum alloy heat exchangers have

been used for handling a ethanolamine-dieth~lene

glycol mixture to remow CO:. H2S. and water from

natural gas. Aluminum allo tanks have been used

to transport ethanolamine. See also Ref: (I) p, 131.

DIETHYLENE GLYCOL.

HO. CH>. CH,

.O-CIiZ

CH:OH. In laboratory

tests. 3003 alloy was resistant to diethylene glycol

under refluxing conditions. See also Ref: (3) pp. 25.

135. (7) pp. 76, 77.

ETHER. C?H,.

0

C:H,. Laboratory tests indi-

cated that alloy 3003 uas resistant to ether at both

ambient and elevated temperatures. Aluminum pro-

cessing. handling and degreasing equipment have

been in use. Allo 356.0 valves have been used for

handling ether. See also Ref: (2) p, 258, (3) p. 135,

(7) p; 77.

n-DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE. HCON(CH,)x. In

laboratory tests, 3003 alloy was resistant to dimerhyl

formamide at ambient temperature and at the boil-

ing point. Dimethyl formamide has been handled in

aluminum alloy tanks. piping, heat exchangers. and

distillation towers. See also Ref: (3) p. 147, (7) p. 81.

ETHYL ACETATE. CH, .COO.C,H,. In labora-

tot tests. alloy 3003 was resistant to ethyl acetate

and its condensing vapors. Aluminum alloy heat ex-

changers. tank cars, etc.. have been used for handl-

ing ethyl acetate. See also Ref: (I) p. 132. (2) p. 2bO.

(31 p. 136. (7) p. 85 .

UNS-DIMETHYlBYDRAZlNE (CH,),NNHz. In

laboratory tests, alloys I 100, 3003 and SO52 were re -

sistant to uns-dimethylhydrazine when exposed at

30C (86F) and 63C (145F). Dimethylhydrazine

has been stored in aluminum alby containers. See

also Ref: (7) pp. 80. 81.

DIMETHYL SULFATE. (CH,),SO,. Dimethyl sul-

fate has been stored in aluminum alloy containers.

See also Ref: (2) p. 233.

ETHYL ALCOHOL. CIHIOH. In laboratop tests.

alloy 3003 was resistant to commercial (95%) ethyl

alcohol and its aqueous solutions. In other labora-

ton tests, anhydrous ethyl alcohol was corrosive to

aluminum alloys. Aluminum alloys have been used

commercially for stills, hear exchangers, drums.

tanks, and piping in the processing of ethyl alcohol

and products employing ethyl alcohol in their manu-

facture See also Ref: (1) p. 132. (2) p. 28, (3) pp. 23,

112. (4) pp. 93. 97, 142. (7) p. ES.

DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE.

C,H,(COOCH,,)I. Aluminum alloy containen have

been used for handling dimethyl terephthalate.

a-ETHYL4NUINE C:H,NHC,H,. In laboratory

tens. alloy 3003 was resistant to n-ethylaniline at the

boiling temperature and under reflilsing conditions.

Erhylaniline has been stored in aluminum alloy

containers.

DIOCTYL

PHTHALATE.

C&I,(COOCHzCH(C~Hs)C,H&. Aluminum alloy

tanks have been used to store dioctyl phthalate.

See


DIPHENn C,Hs.C,Hs. Aluminum alloy equip

ment has been used to handle diphenyl. See also Rel:

(2) p. 247. (3) p. 104. (7) p. 81.

ETHYLBENZENE.

C,Hs. CIH,. In

laboratory

tests, alloy 3003 was resistant to ethylbenzene af the

boiling temperature and at 204C (4CPF). Ethyl-

benzene has been handled in aluminum alloy heat

exchangers. See also Ref: (2) p. 263, (3) p. 104, (7)

p. 87.

DYES. Aluminum alloy equipment has been used in

some manufactuting processes for dyes in some dye-

ing processes for dye kettles. dye sticks and drying

pans. See also Ref: (I) p. 131. (2) p. 212, (3) pp. 10%

119, 121. 132, 144. 145, 146. 23.5. (4)~. 73.

ETHYLBUTYL ACETYLBICMOLEATE.

Alu-

minum alloy equipment has been used to produce

and handle ethylbutyl acetyhicinoleate.

DYNAMITE. An explosive mixture containing nit-

roglycerin with other substances both inert and ac-

tive. Aluminum alloys have been used for parts in

dynamite packing machines and for dynamite driers

and mixers. See also Ref: (I) p. 131. (3) p. I IS.

ETHYL

BUTYBATE.

CH,.CHz.CH>.COOC,H,.

In laboratory tests, ethyl butyrate caused mild attack

(- 2mpy) of 3003 alloy under boiling and condens-

ing conditions and under refluxing conditions. Alu-

minum alloy equipment has been used in the produc-

tion and handling of ethyl butyrate. See also Ref: (I)

p. 132, (3) p. 137, (7) p. 87.

E

ETHYLENE. CH,:CHI. Ethylene has been handled

in aluminum alloy heat exchangers and tanks. See

also Ref: (3) p. 103, (7) p. 87.

EGGS. Aluminum alloy equipment has been tised

ETHYLENEDIAMINE.

NHz.CHI.CH,.NHz. In

for the preparation and dessicarion of egg powder.

limited laboratory tests, 3003 alloy was resistant to

Aluminum alloy trays have been used for drying egg

ethylenediamine al 100C (212F) and 204C

whites. Seealso Ref: (1)~. 131. (3, p. 198. (4)~. IIS.

(400F). See also Ref: (1) p. 132. (3) p. 145, (5) p. 9.

(6)pp. 8. II.

(7) p. 89.

ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE. CH2CI CHICI.

Limited laboratory tests indicate that 3003 alloy was

resistant to dry ethylene dichloride vapor at the boil-

ing point. The presence of water causes increased

corrosion because of hydrochloric acid formed by hy-

drolysis. CAUTION: See Halogenated Hydrocar-

bons. See also Ref: (1) p. 132, (2) p. 268.

ETHYLENE GLYCOL. HO.CH,.CH,.OH.

Laboratory tests have indicated that 3003 alloy was

resistant to ethylene glycol at ambient temperature

and under refluxing and boiling and condensing con-

ditions. Aluminum l l oy

equipment

has been used in

the processing of ethylene glycol and for storage

tanks and pressure vessels. Inhibited ethylene glycol-

water solutions have been used in automotive radia-

tors and heat exchangers. Aluminum alloys should

not be used in applications with stagnant ethylene

glycol where very high temperatures are involved

[2OPC (392F) and above]. Violent reactions are

possible under these condirions. See also Ref: (1) p.

132. (3) pp. 25. 114. (7) p. 89.

ETHYLENE OXIDE. (CH,j20. Aluminum alloys

have beeh used to produce and handle ethylene ox-

ide. Violent reac tions are possible if aluminum chlo-

ride and aluminum oxide are present. See also Ref:

(1) p. 132, (3) p. 135, (7) p. 89.

ETHYL FORMATE. HCOO.C,H,. In laboratory

tests, alloy 3003 was resistant to erhyl formate at am-

bient temperature and at the boiling temperature. In

other laboratory

te sts

3003 alloy was resistant to

ethyl formate ascondensingvapors. See also, Ref: (1)

p. 132. (2) p. 136, (7) p. 91.

ETHYL LACTATE.

CH,CH(OH)COOC,Hs. In

laboratory tests at ambient temperature. alloy 6053

was resistant to ethyl lactate. See also Ref: (I) p. 132,

(3) p. 137.

ETHYL PROPIONATE.

CH,CH,

COOGH,. In

limited laboratory tests, alloy 3003 was resistant to

ethyl pmpionate under boiling and condensing con-

ditions. Aluminum alloy stills and condenser tubes

have been used in the production of ethyl propionate.


EUCALYPTUS OIL. A volatile oil containing eu-

calyptol: vale& butyric. etc., aldehydcs: d-pinene.

Aluminum alloys have been used for handling euca-

lyptus oil. See also Ref: (1) p. 132.

EUGENOL.

C,,H,IOz.

Aluminum alloy drums

have been used to store and transport eugend.

F

FATS. Aluminum alloy equipment has been used to

handle fats. See also Ref: (1) p. 132. (2) p. 271. (3) p.

198, (4) pp. 72, 78, (u, 84, 99. 100, 109. (7) p. 93.

FATTY ACIDS.

RCOOH. Laboratory tests have

shown that fatty acids cause mild attack of 1 IGil alloy

at ambient temperature . Anhydrous fatty acids were

found to be very corrosive to aluminum alloys at the

boiling point in other laboratory tests. Aluminum al-

loy storage tanks. separators. settling and receiving

tanks, condensers, vapor lines, and steam trace lines

have been used to process and handle fatty acids and

fatty acid derivatives. See also Ref: (1) p. 132, (2) p.

274, (3) pp. 125, 127, (4) pp. 25. 100, (7) p. 93.

FERRIC

CHLORIDE.

FeCIJ.6HI0. Solid ferric

chloride was very corrosive (244 mpy) to

3003 alloy in

laboratory tests conducted under conditions of loO%

relative humidity at ambient temperatom. Also in

laboratory tests, aqueous solutions of ferric chloride

(continued)


10/57


11/57

TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION

cated that 1100 alloy was resistant to 10% solutions

of gluconic acid at ambient temperature. Increase in

temperature resulted in substantially increased cor-

rosion

Aluminum alloy equipment has

been used to produce gluconic acid from sugars by

the fermentation process. Neutralization of gluconic

acid to produce calcium gluconate is carried out in

aluminum alloy equipment. See also Ref: (1) p. 133.

(2) p. 332. (3) p. 129. (7) p. 97.

GLUCOSE. C,H,>Oe H20. Glucose solutions have

been stored in alloy 6061 tanks. Alloy 356.0 valves

habe been used for handling glucose solutions. See

also Ref: (I) p. 133. (3) p. 12.3.

GLUE. Originally an impure form of gelatin. In

more modem times, glue is one of many types of ad-

hesives uxd for bonding. In laboratory tests, most

adhesives were found to be either innocuous or pm-

rectne to aluminum alloys. Houever. exceptions

\rere found and included the alkaline water base

latex adhesives, acetic anhydride adhesives, and

adhesives that have been made electrically conduc-

tive by the addition of copper, silver. or carbon. Such

adhesives ihould be used with caution and with the

knowledge that corrosion could develop. Adhesives

are used with aluminum alloys in many applications.

See also Ref: (1) p. 133, (3) pp. 124. 199.231.2.33. (4)

pp. 107. 11.5. R. L. Patrick, Editor. Treatise of

Adhesion and Adhesives, Vol. 111. Marcel Dekker.

New York, 1973.

GLYCERIN. CH,OH.CHOH.CH,OH. Labora-

tory tests indicate that alloy 3003 is resistant to gly

cerin solutions at ambient and boiling temperatures .

Aluminum alloys have been used for still,. condens-

ers. heat exchangers, storage tanks, and tank cars for

handling glycerin. Alloy 356.0 valves have also been

used. See also Ref: (1) p. 133. (2) p. 337. (3) pp. 115.

240. (7) p. 97.

GLYCEROPHOSPHATE.

H,O,IOCH~~CHOH~

CH@H. Glycerophosphate has been shipped in ah-

minum alloy containers. See also Ref: (3) p. 137.

GLYCOLIC ACLD. HOCH&OOH (Hydmxyacetic

Acid). In laboratoty tests, glycolic acid was corrosive

to 3003 and SlS4 alloys at IO0C (212). Glycolic

acid solutions have been stored and shipped in alu-

minum alloy containers. See also Ref: (1) p. 133. (3)

p. 129, (7) p. 105.

GRAPEFRUIT JUICE. Laboratory tests indicated

that 1100 alloy was resistant to grapefruit juice at am-

bient and refrigerated temperatures (see Fruit and

Fruit Juices). See also Ref: (4) p. 90, (6) p. 10.

GRAPE JUICE. In laboratory tests. unfermented

grape juice caused mild attack (2 mpy) of llC0,3003.

and 3004 alloys at room temperature. Aluminum al-

loy equipment has been used for harvesting grapes

and grape juice has been transported in aluminum

alloy tank cars (see Fruit and Fruit Juices). See also

Ref: (4) pp. 88, 91. (6) p. IO.

GRAPHlTE. Alloys 3003. SIM and 6061 were resis-

tant to solid graphite in laboratory tests under condi-

tions of 100% relative humidity at ambient tempera-

ture and 54C (130F). Other laboratory tests have

shown that graphite smears on aluminum are car-

msive because of galvanic corrosion of the aluminum.

See also Ref: (3) p. 50, (5) p. 13.

GUM

ARABIC. A

dried gummy exudation from the

stems and branches of Acacia. Aluminum alloy con-

tainers have been used for storing gum arabic solu-

tions. See also Ref: (1) p. 134, (3) p. 226.

H


619

(continued)

for covering on lighter than air ships. See also Ref: (1)

p. 134. (3) p. 35.

HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS. Aluminum

alloys are usually resistant to pure halogenated hy-

drocarbons and other organic chemicals containing

halogens under most conditions particularly at room

temperature or lower. Under certain conditions some

of these hydrocarbons may produce a rapid rate of

corrosion of aluminum or a violent reaction. Hence,

the service conditions to insure safety should be rec-

ognized or established before aluminum alloys are

used with any halogenated hydrocarbon.

Halogenated hydrocarbons may decompose by hy

dmlysis if water is present or by other processes to

yield mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid. These

acids corrode aluminum alloys because they destroy

the protective surface oxide fdm naturally present

that provides inherent resistance to corrosion. Cor-

msion of aluminum alloys by these acids may also

promote reactions of the hydrocarbons themselves

hecause aluminum halides formed bv corrosion ar e

catalysts for some of these reactions (e.g. AICI, for a

Fried&Crafts reaction). In some instances. alumi-

num alkyls may be produced. Because of the rapid

rate of evolution of heat, corrosion of aluminum and

reaction of a halogenated hydrocarbon. once initi-

ated, may tend to become autocatalytic.

The reactivity of aluminum alloys with halogen-

ated hydrocarbons decreases generally in the order of

increasing chemical stability of these hydrocarbons,

which may be established precisely by themwdy

namic data whenever these data are available, or

qualitatively by the structural formulas of the hydra-

carbons and by the halogens they contain. Thus. alu-

minum is most resistant to hydrocarbons halogen-

atsd with fluorine followed in order of decreasing

resistance to those with chlorine. bromine and io-

dine. It is also resistant to highly polymerized halo-

genated hydrocarbons. reflecting the high degree of

chemical stability of these materials.

The behavior of aluminum alloys in a mixture of

halogenated hydrocarbons . or mixtunzs of these hy-

drocarbons with other organic compounds cannot be

predicted fmm its behavior with each of the compo.

nents. Some mixtures (e.g. of methyl alcohol and car-

bon tetrachloride) produce rapid corrosion of some

aluminum alloys at ambient temperature even

though the components alone do not.

The resistance of aluminum alloys to halogenated

hydrocarbons tends to decrease as the temperature is

raised and the rate of corrosion in many liquid halw

genated hydrocarbons remains low until the boiling

point is reached; in some, it is low or non-existent

even at this temperature. Other factors that affect R-

sistance include the presence of an inhibitor and the

purity of a halogenated hydrocarbon; amines or vari-

ous heterocyclic compounds have been effectively

used as inhibitors in certain cases.

Aluminum in a finely divided form, as in a powder,

should not be exposed to a halogen&d hydrocarbon.

The likelihood of creating a violent reaction that may

lead to an explosion is increased when aluminum

with a large surface area is exposed to a small volume

of a halogenated hydrocarbon, and even more so

when this operation is carried out under pressure.

Specific entries in this book for fluorinated hydrocar-

bons such as Freons and inhibited halogenated hy-

drocarbons such as solvents for degreasing illustrate

applications with halogenated hydrocarbons .

In summary, the service conditions to insure safety

should be recognized or established before alumi-

num alloys are used with any halogenated hydrocar-

bon. With respect to aluminum and a specific halo-

genated hydrocarbon under specific conditions.

aluminum producers may be able to submit useful

data.

HELIUM. He. Aluminum alloys have been used for

heat exchangers in the manufacture of helium and

HEPTYL ALDEHYDE. CH,(CHI)SCHO. Alumi-

num alloy separators. rectifier tanks. and storage

tanks have been used with both crude and refined

heptyl aldehyde. See also Ref: (3) p. 120. (7) p. 99.

n-HEX&NE. CH,.(CH2),CHI. Aluminum alloy heat

exchangers have been used with n-hexane. See also

Ref: (7) pp. 98, 99.

HONEY. Contains mainly levulose and dextrose;

some sucrose. wax. pollen. and

other

organic matter.

Aluminum alloy equipment has been used for pas-

teurizing honey. Honey has been packed in alumi-

num containers. See also Ref: (I) p. 134, (3) p. 203,

(6) p. 10.

HYDRAZINE. H2NNHI. In laboratory tests, hydra-

zinc caused mild attack of 3oQ3 and 5154 alloys at

ambient temperature. The action of hydrazine on

aluminum alloys is increased by the presence of mois-

turn resulting in hydrolysis. See also Ref: (1) p. 134,

(2) p. 353. (3) p. 44, (7) p. 101.

HYDROARIETYL ALCOHOL. C,&CH,OH.

Aluminum alloys have been used for piping, full flow

filters, final condensers , and steam heated storage

tanks in the production of hydmabietyl alcohol. See

also Ref: (3) p. 115. (7) p. 101.

HYDROCARBONS. Organic compounds contain-

ing hydrogen and carbon. In laboratory tests. alloy

1 I00 and 3003 were resistant to most hydrocarbons.

Aluminum alloys have been used to piping, pumps,

valves, impellers.

condensers, *eat exchangers,

ducts, fan and blowers. storage tanks, and shipping

containers for handling hydrocarbons. See also Ref:

(3) p. 101.

HYDROCHLORIC ACID.

HCI. Aluminum is car-

roded by hydrochloric acid. The rate of attack in-

creases with acid concentration and temperature.

Metal purity plays a significant role in the degree of

attack by hydrochloric acid.

In-

creasing purity of the aluminum decreases the rate of

attack by hydrochloric acid significantly. Inhibitors

can be effective in reducing the corrosive effects of

hydrochloric acid, particularly in dilute (< 10%) so-

lutions. Such inhibited acid has been used to clean

aluminum equipment and containers. See alw, Ref:

(1) p. 134, (2) p. 359. (3) pp. 22.37. 244, (4) pp. 15,

16, 17. 27, 29. 30. 31. 34. 73. 74, 97, 127, (7) p. 101.

HYDROCYANIC

ACID. HCN. In laboratory tests,

alloys 3003. 5052. and 6053 were resinant to a 77%

solution of hydmcyanic acid at ambient temperature.

Hydrocyanic acid has been processed in

Corrosion Resistant

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