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Nonferrous Metals and Alloys

TABLE 5.1: ALUMINUM ALLOY-ALCOA

Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide

on Aluminum Alloys and Mild Steel

I

Calculated Volume of Metal bee

ln.~/in.~/yr.~

ALLOY

1 Aqueous Solutions

1

Moist Vapors

HYDROGEN SULFIDE-% HOURS

2SH14 Aluminum

.................

3SH14 Aluminum .................

Mild Steel

........................

:i%:

:Ef

.0117

,.0204

CARBON DIOXIDE-96 HOURS

2SH14 Aluminum.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3S-H14 Aluminum.. . . . . . .

..; . . . . . . 1

Mild Steel.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SULFUR DIOXIDE-32 HOURS

2SH14 Aluminum .................

3S-H14 Aluminum .................

Mild Steel

........................

.0337

:E .0511

45.oooos .5080

NOTES: * Specimens .064 x .36 r 1.2 exposed to distilled water satur-

ated with gas and also the gas saturated with moisture at room temperature.

Daily cycle involved bubbling gas into water at 3 liters per hour for 8 hours

and sealing the system off for 16 hours:

s Test terminated after one hour because of rapid attack of metal.

Resistance of Alumtnum Alloy 35 to Solid Chemicals

Under Conditions of Hlgh Humldlty

Non-Comoeire

I

Border Line

I

Gxroeive

Ammonium dichromate

Ammonium molybdate

Ammonium nitrate

Ammonium sulfate

Barium carbonate

Barium chloride

Barium nitrate

Borax

Boric acid

Calcium oxide

Chromium trioxide

Citric acid

Potassium thiocyanate

Sodium acetate

Sodium aluminum fluoride

Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium chlorate

Sodium chloride

Sodium nitrate

Sodium sulfate

Triphenyl phosphate

Ammonium chloride

Ammonium fluoride

Copper sulfate

ox&

Ma rgt12 chloride

Aluminum chloride

Calcjum chlpride

Fom&ichlhlrlde

rmanganate

Sodium car

E

nate

Sodium

fluoride

Aluminum with 1.2% Mn.

NOTES: I Shallow

2

diameter impact extruded containers of aluminum alloy 3s.

s Chemicals placed in containers as a thin (rf) layer and as scattered aomll mounds.

s Containerr exposed to an atmosphere having a relative humidity of approximately 100% et

room temperature for one

month.

609

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Corros ion Resistant Materials Handbook

TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION

CORROSION RATE UNITS: The most commonly

accepted unit for expressing the rate of

corrosion

of a

metal is mils

per year, abbreviated mpy. One mil is

equal to 0.001.

Resistant = less than 1 mpy attack

Mild action = l-5 mpy attack

Moderate action = 5-20 mpy attack

Corrosive or corroded by = greater than 20 mpy

A

AL

ABIETIC ACID. Cz0H,,,02. Abietic acid has been

handled extensively in aluminum alloy equipment.

See also Ref: (1) p. 124, (2) p. 274, (3) p. 132,

(7) p. 3.

ACETALDEHYDE. CH,.CHO. In laboratory

tests, 1100 alloy was resistant to aqueous rolutions

of 0.1% to 100% acetaidehyde. Acetaldehyde has

been produced and handled in aluminum alloy tub-

ing. heat exchangers, stills, tankage and shipping

drums. See also Ref: (I) p. 124. (2) p. I. (3) p. 120,

(4) p. 73. (7) p. 3.

ACETANILIDE. CH,.CO.NH.C,H,. Acetanilide

has been produced in aluminum alloyquipment in-

cluding tanks. pipes, valves, pumps, refiux con-

densers, vapor lines, heating coils, evaporators and

reaction vessels. See also Ref: (I) p. 124. (3) p. 147 .

(7) p. 3.

ACETIC ACID. CHJ.COOH. The effect of acetic

acid on aluminum changes markedly with acid con-

centration and temperature.

The rate of corrosion is low when

exposed to acetic acid at all concentrations up to an-

hydrous glacial acetic acid below 50C (IZZ?F); at

the boiling temperature of the acetic acid, alumi-

num is corroded in solutions up to about 90% con-

centration of the acid. when the attack falls off rap-

idly to less than 5 mils per year and the rate remains

at that level until the anhydrous condition ap-

proaches. The corrosion rate of aluminum in glacial

acetlc acid. uhich normally contains 0. I to 0.2%

water. does not increase with temperature. Boiling

anhydrous acetic acid is very corrosive to aluminum.

Removal of the last trace of water increases the cor-

rosion rate one hundred fold, while conversely the

addition of 0.05% water stops the action. Alumi-

num has been used extensively in the manufacture

of acetic acid, in its storage and handling. and in

process equipment where acetic acid is one of the

raw materials. In the manufacture of acetic acid

from wood. the following aluminum alloys have

been used: for storage tanks. alloys 1100. 3003,

5083. SOSZ: for stills, alloys 3003. 5052, hU61: for

condensers. alloys 3003. 5052. 6061; for piping, al-

loys 1100. 3003. 6061; for ulves and fittings. alloys

356.0. 514.0; and for manholes. etc.. alloy

356.0. Alloys 1100.3003,5154, and 5052 have been

the most commonly used for tanks and tank cars for

storage of pure glacial acetic acid solutions at nor-

mnl temperatures. Aluminum alloys have been bed

extensively in the textile industry for itorape fxilt-

ties for xstic acid solutions down to 80% ioncen-

trations. although they are not recommended to

rtore acid of Ins than 90% concentratism. Some

tank failures have been reported by the textile in-

dustry in the storage of 80-84% acetic acid rolu-

tions. Susceptibility of aluminum alloys to corrosive

attack in acetic acid solutions is increased greatly by

inorganic halides or reducing acids and reducing or-

ganic acids, esters and aldehydes normally encoun-

tered in the production and use of acetic acid. The

presence of formic acid should be avoided. Potas-

sium sulfate and bromide have no influence at or-

mal temperatures. but accelerate attack at elevated

temperatures. Aluminum acetylation equtpment

has been used I the cellulose acetate iwintry.

Many large crornge tanks. tank can and shipping

drums have been tired for handling acetic acid.

See ~1s Ref: (I) p. 124. 12) pp. 3,

4. (3) pp. 21. 121. 136. 127. (4) pp. 22. 23. 24. 25,

27. 28. 29, 30. 31. 34. 61. h2. 64. 92, 1 I. (01 p. 20.

(7, p. 3.

ACETIC ANHYDRIDE. (CH,,CO):O. In limited

laboratory tests. acetic snhydride caused moderate

(I3 mpy) attack of 3003 alloy at IOOC (212F). in

other tests, acetic anhydride caused mild attack of

II00 alloy at ambient temperature and at 50C

(122F). Acetic anhydride had mild action (-5

mpy) at the boiling point. Aluminum

and Its alloys have been used for heat exchangers,

reaction vessels, piping, storagetanks, drums and

tank cars for handling acetic anhydride. Alloy

A356.0 valves have been used for handling acetic

anhydride. See also Ref: (I) p. 124. (2) p. 13. (3) p.

128, (7) p. 5.

ACETONE. CH.CO.CHJ. Aluminum and AI-.Mg

alloys are resistant to acetone in laboratory tests at

all temperatures. Aluminum has been used with ac-

etone for piping, (tills. heat exchangers and storage.

Mild corroGon has been reported in an aluminum

rtorage tJ.nk for redistilled acetone. Alloy 356.0

va ~es have been used for handlmg acetone. See also

Ref: (I) p. 124. (2) p. 17. (3) pp. 121, 242. (7) p. 5.

ACETONITRILE. CH,.CN. Alloy 3003 was resist-

ant to acetonitrile at 100C (212F) in laboratory

beaker tests. See also Ref: (3) p. 142. (5) p. 9.

ACETOPHENONE, ORTHOHYDROXY.

CH,COC,H,OH. Limited laboratory tests indicated

that acetophenone was mildly corrosive to 3003 alloy

under refluxing or boiling and condensing condi-

tions. See also Ref: (1) p. 124, (2) p. 20. (3) p. 121 .

(7) p. 7.

p-ACETOTOLUIDIDE. CH,CONHC,H&H,.

Acetotoluidide has been distilled and handled in

aluminum alloy equipment. See also Ref: (3) p. 144.

(7) p. 7.

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID.

CH,.CO.OC,H,COOH. In the production of ace-

tylsalicylic acid, the raw materials, acetic anhydride

and salicylic acid, and the final product have been

handled in aluminum alloy storage tanks. piping

and reaction vessels. See also Ref: (2) p. 26, (3) p.

130. (5) p. 9. (7) p. 7.

ACONITIC ACID. C,H,(COOH),. In limited labo-

ratory tests, aqueous solutions of aconitic acid

(0.25% to 50%) caused moderate attack (-6 mpy)

of 3003 alloy at IOOC (212F). See also Ref: (10) p.

77.

ACROLEIN. CH?: CHCHO.

Aluminum

alloy

equipment has been used in the manufacture and

shipment of acrolein. See also Ref: (I) p. 124. (3) p.

120.

ACRYLIC ACID. CH?:CHCOOH. Alloys 3003.

SOSZ. and 5454 were resistant to glacial acrylic acld

at ambient conditions. Glacial acrylic Acid has been

shipped in aluminum alloy drums. See also Ref: (I)

p. 124. (3) p. 128. (5) p. 9. (7) p. 7.

ACRYLONITRILE. CH?:CHCN. In laboratory

tests. alloy 3003 uu resistant to acrylonltrilr. acry-

lonitrile saturated uith water and water raturated

with acrylonitrile at room temperature and u hen ex-

posed to boiling acrylonitrile. Aluminum alloy in-

dustria