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CORRELATION BETWEEN DOMINANT BICEPS MUSCLE GIRTH AND STRENGTH
IN GYM GOINNG INDIVIDUALS
CORRELATION BETWEEN DOMINANT BICEPS MUSCLE GIRTH AND STRENGTH
IN GYM GOINNG INDIVIDUALS
CORRELATION BETWEEN DOMINANT BICEPS
MUSCLE GIRTH AND STRENGTH IN GYM GOING
INDIVIDUALS.
Group 44
Submitted by:-
Nrupa Zala (12sptpt11099),
Hemil Vyas (12sptpt11098)
Sem6, JUNE, 2015
Guided by:-
Dr. Dheli Kadachha
MPT in Rehabilitation
Assistant Professor,
SOPT, RKU.
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled correlation between dominant biceps muscle girth and Strength in gym going individuals has been undertaken and
written under my supervision and it describes the original research work carried out by
Mr. Hemil Vyas and Ms. Nrupa Zala registered at RK University in 6th semester
Bachelors of Physiotherapy.
Signature of Guide
Name: Dr. Dheli Kadachha
Degree: MPT in Rehabilitation
Assistant Professor, SOPT, RKU.
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IN GYM GOINNG INDIVIDUALS
DECLARATION
We hereby certify that we are the authors of this project work. We certify to the best of
our knowledge, our project does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any
proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from
the work of other people included in our project published or otherwise, are fully
acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. We declare that
this is a true copy of our project, including any final revisions, as approved by my project
review committee.
Signature of candidate Signature of candidate
Name of candidate: Hemil Vyas Name of candidate: Nrupa Zala
Enrolment no.: 12sptpt11098 Enrolment no.:12sptpt11099
Date: 02-06-2015 Date: 02-06-2015
Place: SOPT, RK University, Rajkot. Place: SOPT, RK University, Rajkot.
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ACKNOWLEGEMENT
First and foremost we would like to thank our parents Mr. Amit Vyas and Mr.
Rajendrasingh Zala who are our living Gods for their valuable support and
encouragement, blessing and love which has always been a source of inspiration and
strength in accomplishing this academic task.
My heartfelt gratitude to almighty God who has guided me this far and to whom
goes all the honor and glory for the successful completion of this study.
I wish to express my regards to my Director Dr. Priyanshu Rathod, School of
Physiotherapy, R.K.University for his whole hearted guidance and meticulous
suggestions in the completion of this work and for all the facilities and support extended
to me during this study. I am extremely thankful for his constant encouragement and
inspiration during the course of this study.
With due respect, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my guide Dr.
Dheli Kadachha ,MPT in Rehabilitation, assistant professor of R.K.University, for her
judicious information, expert suggestions, valuable guidance, continuous support,
incessant reassurance during every stage of this work and interest shown in this
dissertation without which this work would not have been possible.
I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to assistant lecturer, Dr. Shweta
Rakholiya and Dr. Kajal Anadkat for their valuable guidance, constant help and
support throughout this study and all the lecturers of my college who have taught me
and gave their valuable suggestions during the course of the study.
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I shall fail my duties if I don’t acknowledge my Colleagues and Friends for their
suggestions and criticism while assisting me in this study.
Last but not the least I would like to thanks all the Gym going Individuals in my
study without whom this task would not have been possible.
My sincere thanks to all the contributors whose names I might have missed but
who truly deserve my gratitude.
Signature: Signature:
Name: Hemil Vyas Name: Nrupa Zala
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr.
No. TITLE
Page
No.
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. NEED OF THE STUDY 5
3. AIMS & OBJECTIVES 6
4. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 10
5. METHODOLOGY 14
6. RESULTS 20
7. DISCUSSION 23
8. CONCLUSION 27
9. SUMMARY 28
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY 30
11. ANNEXURES 32
LIST OF TABLES
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LIST OF FIGURES
SR.
NO.
TABLE PAGE
NO.
1
Correlation between dominant biceps muscle strength and girth. 22
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SR.
NO.
FIGURE PAGE
NO.
1. Materials use in the study
17
2. 1 R.O.M of dominant biceps muscle
19
3 Girth measurement 19
4 1 R.M test of dominant biceps muscle 19
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LIST OF GRAPHS
SR.NO TABLE
PAGE
No.
1 Mean value of dominant biceps girth and its strength 23
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1RM-1resistance maximum
Fig. : Figure.
<: less than.
>: greater than.
i.e.: that is.
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ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Gym is place where people goes to enhance their fitness level, fitness
is a set of attributes or characteristics seen in people and which related to the ability to
perform a given set of physical activity, strength training is often carried out concurrently
to improve either sport performance or general over all condition. The majority of
research in this area has focused on the effects of strength activity involving a large
number of muscle groups as opposed to local muscular resistance exercise. So need of
the present study is to correlated whether there will be any correlation between bicep
muscle’s girth and strength in gym going individuals In our study we have employed
convenient sampling technique for choosing gym going individuals. For girth
measurement we have used measure tape and we measure dominant biceps muscle
and for strength we measure 1 R.M biceps curl test for dominant biceps muscle in gym
going individuals.
AIM: To find out correlation between dominant biceps muscle girth and strength in gym
going individuals.
METHODOLOGY: Primary data was collected from 50 gym going individuals and they
were selected for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study is a
correlation study design and 50 subjects were selected in Talwarkar gym & Auditorium
gym Rajkot. Girth measurement was measured from dominant biceps muscle and
strength was measured by 1R.M test.
RESULTS: The statistical analysis was done by graph pad prism with Pearson
correlation test for dominant biceps girth and its strength while keeping confidence
interval at 95% and level of significance p≤0.05. Its shows positive correlation between
dominant biceps muscles garth and its strength
CONCLUSION: On the basis of result of the present study it can be concluded that
there is a strong positive correlation (r-value=0.6041) between the girth and strength of
dominant biceps muscle in gym going individuals.
KEY WORDS: Bicep muscles, strength, Girth, 1r.m curl up test.
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INTRODUCTION
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Introduction
Physical fitness is defined as being in a general state of health and well-being of specifically the
ability to performed aspects of sports and occupation.[1]
It is a set of attribute or characteristics seen in people and which related to the ability to perform a
given set of physical activity.[2]
Mostly people goes gym to get fit, gym is slang for gymnasium and the Greek word gymnasium
means school of naked exercise.[3]
Equipment for the purpose of physical exercise most gym have a main work out area which primarily
consists of free weight including dumbbells, barbells, exercise machine this area often include
mirrors so that exercise can monitor and maintain correct posture during workout.[3]
It’s have cardio theatre including many type of cardiovascular training rowing machine , stationary
exerciser bike ,elliptical trainer and tread mills[3]
Another one is group exercise area based on aerobics cycling (spin cycle ) boxing , martial art, high
intensity training ,step regular and bikram yoga ,Pilates muscle training and self-defense classes
such as karv maga and Brazilian jilu-jitsu, aqua aerobics.[4]
Components of physical fitness that are skill related and sport related include agility, balance,
coordination ,power, reaction time and speed. These components of physical fitness play an
important role in one’s daily activity.[2]
Strength training is the only method of building muscle mass and strength. only after few weeks of
sustained training do muscle cells hypertrophy.[5]
Two types of muscle hypertrophy occurs in any muscle structure is myofibrils hypertrophy and
sarcoplasmic hypertrophy. Myofibril in hypertrophy refers to an actual increase in size of the muscle
fibers and sarcoplasmic hypertrophy to increase in volume of the fluid non contractile components of
muscle. Sarco means flesh and plasmic refers to plasma which is gel like material in cell containing.
[5]
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Heavier lifting weight dose result in some sarcoplasmic hypertrophy and lighter lifting some myofibril
in the sarcoplasmic and the later vice versa.[5]
Large muscle mass dose it means to have strong muscle power depends on following things are
number of motor neuron used, strength of the impulse sent by each motor neuron, size of muscle,
intra muscular coordination and inter muscular coordination [7]
A strong person is someone who has the ability to use the maximum amount of his muscle fibers at
a given movement the use of these muscle fibers is carried out by central nervous system.
everything start at the cerebral level the command given to contract muscle goes through the nerve
in the spinal cord motor neurons that are activated the greater the quaintly of muscle fibers that will
contract. this is way training should be done with heavier the weight lift the more motor nerve will be
used simultaneously.[7]
Motor neurons can send electrical impulses to muscle with various frequencies, if the frequency is
slow the muscle contracts sluggishly. However motor neurons can send a flurry of intense impulse
that act powerfully on muscle fibers. The intensity of training developed capacity to do most
repetition possible with heavy weight.[7]
There is strong correlation between the size of muscle fibers and strength they are capable of
developing the stronger muscle fibers that is linked to a motor neuron ,the motor force will be
generated by a nerve impulse .developing muscle mass by performing weight training exercise with
weight that is around 80 percentage of maximum strength.[7]
In intramuscular coordination a sedentary person when motor neurons discharge their electrical
impulses, they do so in disorderly fashion, the muscle fibers contract in random and therefore
inefficient way through training these discharge become synchronized. the fiber being contracting
in coordination manner muscle become more efficient .everyone can achieve this by doing weight
training.[7]
Inter muscular coordination is rare that you have to contract only one muscle at time generally a
whole group of muscle is activated to produce a movement. When resistance became grater the
muscle power.[7]
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NEED OF THE STUDY
To use the maximum amount of his muscle fibers at a given movement the use of these muscle
fibers is carried out by central nervous system. Everything start at the cerebral level the command
given to contract muscle goes through the nerve in the spinal cord motor neurons that are activated
the greater the quaintly of muscle fibers that will contract . this is way training should be done with
heavier the weight lift the more motor nerve will be used simultaneously.[7]
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NEED OF THE STUDY
By going gym for a prolong period of time there will be suspected structural and
functional changes in terms of hypertrophy and increase in muscles strength of
dominate biceps muscles.
To check whether there is a need of muscle mass to generate more muscle
strength or not? And how much muscle bulk is able to generate the specific
amount of strength.
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AIM AND OBJECTIVES
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AIM & OBJECTIVES
Aim: To find out correlation between dominant biceps muscle girth and strength in gym
going individuals.
Objective:
To find out dominant biceps muscle girth in gym going individuals.
To find out dominant biceps muscle strength in gym going individuals.
To find out correlation between dominant bicep muscles girth and strength in gym going individuals.
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HYPOTHESIS
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HYPOTHESIS
NULL HYPOTHESIS:
There is no significant correlation between dominant biceps muscle girth and
strength in gym going individuals.
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS:
There is significant correlation between dominant biceps muscle girth and
strength in gym going individuals.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
1] Lei Chen, 2013
He did study on Relationship between muscle mass and muscle strength, and the
impact of comorbidities: a population-based, cross-sectional study of older
Adults in the United States, among individuals aged 50 and older in the US, muscle
mass and muscle strength are positively correlated, independent of the associations of
age and gender with muscle mass and strength.
2] J. Strength Cond Res, 2009
The purpose of his study was to assess the association of age with muscle mass and
strength in a group of young adults before and after 12 weeks of progressive resistance
training, Eight hundred twenty-six young males and females (age 24.34 ± 5.69 yr.,
range 18–39 yr.) completed a strictly supervised 12-week unilateral resistance training
program of the dominant arm, data suggest that the muscle size and strength response
to resistance training is not influenced by age in any practical manner through the fourth
decade of life.
3] Robert F. Zoeller, 2008
Algometric scaling of isometric biceps strength in adult females and the effect of body
mass index
Isometric strength relative to CSA (N CSA-1) was not significantly different between
women of normal weight and those who were overweight/obese. However, all metrically
scaled strength, using CSA as the criterion variable, was significantly greater in
overweight/obese women compared to those of normal weight.
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4] Serge Beliaeff, 2008
He done study on Association between Muscle Mass and Isometric Muscle Strength in
Well-Functioning Older Men and Women, This cross-sectional study examined the
relationship between errand leg muscle mass and isometric muscle strength in 465 well-
functioning women and 439 well-functioning men from the Nonage cohort
Muscle mass only explains a small part in the variations of
Isometric muscle strength in the elderly and this differs for the legs and arms.
5] .Michael newton
He did a study on strength and endurance training in 40 female athletes for 2 weeks
and they found a great increase in elbow flexor’s strength without a much increase in
muscle bulk.
6] J. Davies & D F Parker
They did study on change in strength and cross sectional area of the elbow flexors as
result of isometric training, Result shows change in muscle mass and strength after
training in both genders.
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METHODOLOGY
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METHODOLOGY
Study Design: Correlation study
Study Setting: Talwarkar gym & Race course gym (auditorium), Rajkot
Sampling Technique: Convenient sampling
Study Population: 50
Study Sample: Normal healthy gym going individuals from Rajkot, Gujarat
Study Duration: 2 weeks
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CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
INCLUSION CRITERIA:-
• Age 18 to 30 years.
• Young healthy individuals going in gym at least since past 6 months.
• Both male and female, those who willing to participate.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:-
• Previous upper limb injury within the past 6 months
• Previous upper limb surgery
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MATERIALS USED IN THE STUDY
• Pen
• Paper
• Consent form
• Inch tape
• Universal Goniometer
• Assessment Performa
• Dumbbells with different weights
Fig. 1: Materials use in the study.
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METHOD
• 50 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria are allowed to participate
in the study.
• Detailed explanation of study was given to subjects and written informed consent was
taken.
GITRH MEASUREMENT:
•Girth Measurement was taken by inch tape (upper limb circumference). [9]
•The girth of dominant biceps muscle was measured with measure tape at the
maximum girth of the biceps. [9]
And further strength measurement done through bicep 1 RM curl up test.
1 RESISTANCE MAXIMUM (1 RM) BICEPS CURL UP TEST:
1 RM curl test was done with the different weighted dumbbells and the test was done by
asking the gym going individual to lift the maximal possible weight that the person can
lift and repeat the elbow flexion and extension between 1 to 10 repetitions .[13]
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RESULTS
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RESULTS
The aim of the study was to find out the correlation between the dominant biceps
muscle and its strength. This includes 37 males and 13 females from two
different gyms situated in Rajkot city, specifically in Talwarkar gym and Race
course (auditorium) gym.
The girth of dominant biceps muscle was measured with measure tape at the
maximum girth of the biceps.
The strength of the dominant biceps was measured with 1 RM BICEPS CURL
TEST.
The statistical analysis was done by graph pad prism with Pearson correlation
test for dominant biceps girth and its strength while keeping confidence interval
at 95% and level of significance p≤0.05.
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[Table 1: MEAN VALUE OF DOMINANT BICEPS GIRTH AND ITS
STRENGTH.]
Correlation of dominant biceps muscle girth and its strength.
0 5 10 15 20
0
10
20
30
GIRTH
ST
RE
NG
TH
[GRAPH: 1 CORRELATION OF DOMINANT BICEPS MUSCLE GIRTH AND
STRENGTH]
The Statistical analysis shows significant positive correlation between dominant bicep’s
muscle girth and strength with r value 0.6041.
DOMINENT
BICEPS
GIRTH(IN
INCHES)
DOMINENT
BICEPS
STRENGTH(1RM
TEST)
r-value p-VALUE
MEAN 12.02 15.88 0.6041 <0.00041
STANDRED
DAVIATION
1.742 6.070
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DISCUSSION
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DISCUSSION
The propose of the study was to find out whether there is any correlation between girth
and strength of dominant biceps muscle in gym going people.
Here this study we had taken a sample of 50 to measure the strength and girth of
dominant biceps muscle, the score was analyzed by using Pearson correlation test the
result had so strong correlation between the strength and girth of dominant biceps.
Statistically it is approved and clinically observed there is a suspect structural and
functional change in muscle which shows that there is in increase muscle and strength.
Increase in muscle mass or muscle hypertrophy occurs with an increase in size and
number of small muscle fibers or myofibrils.
Within the muscles furthermore body builders tend to have a large amount of collagen
and other non-contractile connective tissue contribute in to muscle size, report of
strength and conditioning association, muscle hypertrophy occurs by lifting moderated
weights with reduced rest period, between sets and high volume of sets and exercise.
Adaptation that occur with increase in muscle strength are slightly different from muscle
hypertrophy ,along with some muscle hypertrophy that occurs more biochemical
adaptation take place which enable lifters to lift a heavier load such.
Some biochemical change that include an increase in muscle glycogen, stored glycogen
in the muscles creating phosphate and adenosine triphosphate. Substrate stores and
additional enzyme activity needed to speed reaction for maximal energy production
improve muscle strength with heavy loads .fewer repetitions and longer recovery
periods the decrease number of repetition doesn't allow time to stimulate the growth
process as in high repetition training that produce high level of phosphate and hydrogen
ion which enhance the growth process .
Principally two different mechanism muscle's hypertrophy and neural adaption are the
basic for the development of muscle's strength. Fast twitch fiber have the greatest
hypertrophy
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The term neural adaption is a board description encompassing number of factors such
as a selective activation of motor units ,synchronization, selective activation of
muscles,ballestic contraction increase rate coding (frequency).,increase the reflex
potential, increase recruitment of motor units & increase co-contraction of antagonists to
developed maximal force a muscle is dependent on as many active.
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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The study sample size was small.
Study was done between the limited age group only.
FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS
Study can be done with the large sample size.
Study can be performed including other fitness attributes also.
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CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION On the basis of result of the present study it can be concluded that there is a strong
positive correlation between the girth and strength of dominant biceps muscle.
SUMMARY
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SUMMARY Gym is the place where the people goes to increase their health and fitness level.
Fitness is more than simply questions of listing which activity you do or how long we do
them for.
It's generally agreed that a close relationship between the muscle bulk and its strength
but great strength is often associated with large amount of muscle mass .The propose
of the study is to check whether there is a need of muscle mass to generate more
muscle strength or not and how much muscle bulk is able to generate the specific
amount of strength.
50 subjects were taken for this study as per convince .strength was measured by 1 RM
test and girth was measured with measure tape. The data was then tabulated and
subjected to statistically analysis by Pearson correlation test.
This study concludes there is an increased muscle mass is strongly associated to their
increase muscle strength.
There is a strong positive correlation (r= 0.6041) between dominant biceps muscle and
its strength.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1] www.physicalfitness.wiki.org
2] www.bring it home .com
3] www.personal training .com
4] www.gym wiki .com
5] www.health wiki.org
6] htttp://www.painscience.com
7] www.humankinetic.com
8] http//www.biomedcentral.com
9] Journal of aging and physical activity 2008, 16,484-493
10] Eur jappl physiol.
Doi 10.1007/500421-008-08192
11] European general of applied physiology and occupational physiology, in 1988,
volume 57 issue 6 pp667870.
12] Author manscript j strength cod res, 2009(Oct), 23(7)1915-1920
13] www.bodybuilding.org
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ANNEXURES
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ANNEXURE 1
CONSENT FORM
STUDY TITLE: Correlation between muscle girth and muscle
strength in skeletal muscles in gym going individuals
I……………………………………………………………………………. was explained in detail about the study and the problems to be faced by me in my own language and I was given freedom to withdraw anytime during the course of study. I have understood the information stated by the investigator with a clear understanding. I am willing to participate in the study on my own risk and my signature at the bottom of this form indicates that I am participating in the study on my own interest but not on anybody’s compulsion. Participant’s signature: Date: Signature of investigator: Signature of guide:
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ANNEXURES: 2
ASSESSMENT PERFORMA
DATE: - ……./……./2014 NAME: AGE: GENDER: HEIGHT: - …………………..Cm WEIGHT: - …………………..Kg CONTACT NO:- HISTORY:- ON OBSERVATION:- On examination: B. elbow joint
Action ROM MMT
Flexion
Extension
C .Outcome Measures
1) Bicep muscle’s Girth
2) Bicep Curl Test
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ANNEXURES: 3
MASTER CHARTS
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