Corporate Safety Manual Chapter 17 Construction and ... · Manhole covers or gratings are removed...

Healthy Workplace Branch 13-0

Corporate Safety Manual

Chapter 17

Construction and Maintenance

Last Updated: November 2018


Workplace Health and Safety Branch 17 - 1

Chapter 17: Construction and Maintenance Index Page

General .................................................................................................. 17-3 Contracted Trucks or Equipment ........................................................... 17-3 Contractors ............................................................................................ 17-4 Safety and the Public ............................................................................. 17-4 Public Interaction ........................................................................... 17-4 Safety on Public Property .............................................................. 17-4 Protecting the Public ..................................................................... 17-5 Work Area Protection ............................................................................ 17-6 Barricading and Street Protection ................................................. 17-6 Flagman ........................................................................................ 17-6 Protective Devices ........................................................................ 17-7 Electrical Power and Gas Line Hazards ................................................ 17-8 Excavations and Trenching ................................................................... 17-9 General ......................................................................................... 17-9 Underground Locate Process for Public Land ..................................... 17-10 Purpose ....................................................................................... 17-10 Definitions ................................................................................... 17-10 The Locate Process .................................................................... 17-11 Utility Locates on City of Regina Owned Property....................... 17-12 Excavations ......................................................................................... 17-13 Excavations and Heavy Equipment ............................................. 17-14 Trenching Requirements ............................................................. 17-15 Causes of Cave-ins ..................................................................... 17-17 Handling Materials and Equipment ............................................. 17-18 Confined Spaces ................................................................................. 17-18 Definition ..................................................................................... 17-18 Working in a Confined Space ...................................................... 17-19 Piping Connected to a Confined Space ...................................... 17-21 Piping, Fitting and Valves .................................................................... 17-21 Opening and Guarding Holes .............................................................. 17-22 Vegetation Control ............................................................................... 17-22 Tree Trimming ..................................................................................... 17-22 Working near Electrical Lines .............................................................. 17-23 Tree Felling.......................................................................................... 17-23 Powered Trimming Equipment ............................................................ 17-24

Chain Saws ............................................................................... 17-24 Care of Tools and Rope ...................................................................... 17-25 Chippers .............................................................................................. 17-25 Use of Pesticides and Other Chemicals .............................................. 17-27 Power Lawn Mowers ........................................................................... 17-28 Steam Operators ................................................................................. 17-29 Crew Trailers ....................................................................................... 17-29

City of Regina Safety Manual

17 - 2 Workplace Health and Safety Branch

Welding ............................................................................................... 17-29 Electric Arc Welding ............................................................................ 17-30 Gas Welding ........................................................................................ 17-31 Handling and Storage of Cylinders ...................................................... 17-32



General 1. No work of a hazardous nature shall be undertaken unless a hazard assessment

has been performed. The worker shall have access to help when requested. There should also be an emergency plan for the work area.

2. When loading or unloading timber, pipe, etc., workers shall stand at the ends of

the materials to be lifted or repositioned to avoid being struck if the load shifts. 3. Workers shall keep hands clear of the end of a pipe or timber when it is being

butted together. 4. No worker shall throw anything from a structure, scaffold, ladder or any other

elevated position to the ground, nor permit anything to be thrown to them. Items are to be raised or lower to a worker through the use of a rope and container by hand or a cable and container by mechanical means. Items must be placed in a container that will not allow any item to fall out.

5. Employees shall work at a safe distance from other individuals so not to impede

their movement creating an unsafe situation. 6. Employees shall work clear of powered mobile equipment unless they are the

operator of the equipment. 7. Whenever possible, workers shall face the movements of powered mobile

equipment. 8. Only approved explosion-proof types of electric lights, motors, heaters,

flashlights, etc., shall be used in areas containing explosive atmospheres. 9. In explosive atmospheres, electric light bulbs shall only be replaced with the

circuit isolated. 10. Construction material on work sites and storage yards must be securely piled to

prevent it from falling or spreading, which may create a hazard.

Contracted Trucks or Equipment Operators of contracted trucks or equipment shall comply with the standards as defined by the Traffic Safety Act, The Saskatchewan Employment Act and the Provincial OH&S Regulations 1996 and any specific instruction provided by a representative of the City of Regina. The Project Coordinator, Supervisor or Foreman shall enforce rules that apply. Failure to comply with safety rules shall be documented on the Contractor’s Notice of Safety Non-Compliance form and then reported to the Manager of the work area.



The Workplace Health and Safety Branch representative should be advised of the event and the corrective measures that have been identified and to be implemented into the workplace.

Contractors The contracted company’s safety manual and the Provincial Occupational Health and Safety Act and Regulations shall be part of all contracts between the City and the contractors, including their subcontractors. All issues of safety non-compliance will be documented. This will include the non-compliant contracted workers name or name of company, the location and nature of the safety non-compliance and the immediate measures taken to ensure compliance. The Workplace Health and Safety Branch has a form that can be used for this purpose. The Contractor’s Notice of Safety Non-Compliance is a multi-copy form to ensure copies are forwarded to, the non compliant person or company, the City of Regina’s contractor’s project file for review at the end of the project, and the Workplace Health and Safety Branch.

Safety and the Public

Public Interaction Just as we all are personally concerned about our relations with our co-workers or contracted workers, City employees must always be sensitive to their relationship with the citizens of Regina. Be aware that as City of Regina employees we are ambassadors therefore we must always:

Conduct ourselves in a manner which reflects positively towards the organization

Do your job as well as you are capable Be courteous and helpful to the public Take care to ensure the safety of yourself, your co-workers and the public

Safety on Public Property 1. Be alert to hazards, such as overhanging icicles, slippery walks and steps, open

doors, irregular stairs and steps, obstructions on stairs, overhanging awnings, or openings in floors.

2. Beware of all animals. An employee receiving an animal bite shall seek medical

attention immediately. Record the location and a description of the animal and report the incident to the Humane Society for follow-up. Report the injury to your supervisor and complete a Workplace Injury Report form.



3. When entering or leaving a customer’s premises, close all doors and gates, where applicable. Guard against allowing a child or animal from leaving the property.

4. Matches or cigarette lighters shall not be used for the purpose of illumination.

Approved flashlights are provided for this purpose. 5. When working in and around buildings under construction, be on guard against

falling material and unprotected openings. Take extra care when using temporary stairs, ladders and other means to gain access to the premises.

Protecting the Public

1. The public shall be kept away from locations where work activity presents

hazards to their health or safety. 2. Warning devices, barriers, barricades or guard rails shall be placed to adequately

protect the public before an excavation is started. Manhole covers or gratings are removed before any other types of subterranean work operations are begun. The barriers shall not be removed until the excavations have been back-filled or the man hole covers or gratings have been replaced.

3. Hazards, such as manholes, trenches or excavations, shall be protected with

adequate barriers, lights or retro-reflective warning devices that will be utilized during night time hours.

4. When it is necessary to warn traffic of work in process, flagmen or warning

devices shall be stationed far enough on each side of the work zone to give drivers enough time to adjust their driving speed or stop to maintain traffic control. The temporary traffic control plan should comply with the current edition of the Temporary Traffic Control Manual. When flagmen are used, they shall wear garments that make them easily recognizable to drivers approaching the work zone. No other person other than the flagman shall direct traffic.

i. The Temporary Traffic Control Manual, is available on line at www.regina.ca/Road and Traffic/Manuals

5. Trucks, air compressors, trailers and other equipment shall be placed as to

present the least impediment or hazard to traffic, consistent with creating a safe working area for the employees. If possible, trucks or equipment shall be placed between the work area and oncoming traffic.

6. When it is necessary to leave equipment or other obstructions unattended, the

following precautions shall be taken: i. It shall not be left adjacent to fire hydrants or directly in front of

entrances to private or public property. ii. It shall be locked, blocked or otherwise secured.



iii. It shall be adequately protected by approved warning devices. 7. When chiseling, chipping, grinding or welding is done in a location where the

public are exposed to hazards, shields shall be placed around the work area, or the area shall be roped off or barricaded to ensure an adequate safety barrier is created.

Work Area Protection Barricading and Street Protection 1. Work area protection is the adequate safeguarding or protecting of pedestrians,

motorists, workers and equipment by the use of adequate barriers, warning signs, lights, flags, traffic cones, jersey barriers, barricade rope or flagmen on approaches to work areas.

2. When working on streets or expressways, it is important that the work areas be

properly protected for everyone’s safety. 3. Before setting up protection for a specific work area a hazard assessment shall

be performed to assess the amount, type and speed of passing traffic. 4. For fast-moving traffic, the public must be warned in advance to allow the driver

time to slow down before passing the work zone. Ensure that signage is visible at all times while work is being performed. When work stops at the end of the shift, bag or remove the signage that is not required for the safety of the public and the workers.

5. When public traffic cannot be controlled through a traffic accommodation the

street or roadway shall be closed and traffic detoured. 6. Where a temporary street closure or traffic accommodation has been requested

the branch performing the work in consultation with the Traffic Engineering Department or the Traffic Control and Parking Branch shall develop and implement a traffic plan. The traffic plan has to be onsite at all times. All employees have to be trained in the contents and procedures of the traffic plan. If there is a change to the traffic plan, all employees have to be made aware of the changes before work commences.

Flagmen 1. Flagmen must be trained and certified to perform this type of work. Training can

be provided by the Heavy Construction Safety Association or other approved service provider.

2. Flagmen or other appropriate traffic controls shall be used whenever there is any doubt that effective protection can be provided by signs, signals and barricades.



3. When a flagman is to be utilized as part of the traffic plan, they shall wear white coveralls; a CSA Z-96 approved high visibility vest or appropriate high visibility garment, a hard hat and shall have in their possession a hand sign for the purpose of communicating with public drivers.

4. In periods of darkness or reduced visibility, the high visibility garment shall be a

rated at Class 3 Level 3. A hand held light designed for traffic control shall be used to direct traffic by the flagmen.

5. Flagmen using hand signaling equipment shall ensure that signals provide

sufficient warning to protect themselves and their co-workers. 6. Flagmen shall place themselves in a protected position to reduce the possibility

of injury from traffic. 7. Flagmen shall ensure they can observe the work being performed and shall

guide vehicular traffic in such a manner as to minimize the possibility of accidents or injury.

8. When Flagmen are used at both ends of a job site, reliable communications or

prearranged signals shall be used to ensure proper traffic flow. 9. Flagmen shall face traffic when giving signals. 10. Flagmen shall give positive, direct signals that leave no doubt to the recipient as

to their meaning. The signals used should be an industry standard understood by the public, contracted workers or City of Regina personal.

11. In the event that a citizen does not follow the traffic plan and creates a hazard on

the work site the flagman shall observe and record the type and color of the vehicle, time of day, description of the driver and license plate if able. The written report is then to be taken to the Regina Police station in person to file the complaint.

Protective Devices 1. Only signs, standards, barricades, flags and cones that conform to those

specified in the City of Regina, Temporary Traffic Control Manual shall be used for the creation of a worksite safety zone.

2. Barricades and warning signs shall be placed on a street or roadway to protect

Workers in areas where hazards from traffic may exist. 3. Whenever possible, a truck, trailer or device with flashing warning lights should

be positioned between the work site and the oncoming traffic as a matter of added safety for the Workers on the street where they are exposed to vehicular traffic.



4. During night operations or in periods of reduced visibility special precautions shall be taken. Adequate warning equipment, which may include flashing lights, flares or work site illumination, may be used.

5. Warning devices and equipment shall be removed as soon as the work has been

completed. Electrical Power and Gas Line Hazards 1. No employee shall permit material to be piled, stored or handled, a scaffold

erected or dismantled or equipment operated closer than 3.04 metres (10 feet) to any exposed electrical conductor.

2. When the information gathered from an underground locate request is in the

opinion of the supervisor insufficient, the supervisor shall contact City Operations Dispatch to arrange to have the locates confirmed or to have a discussion with a representative of the utility owner to assure that all necessary precautions have been taken to safeguard his employees and the public from an uncontrolled release of energy.

3. Saskatchewan Power Corporation (SaskPower) shall be contacted under the

following conditions:

i. When the electrical conductors are high voltage transmission lines which might require more than 3.04 metres (10 feet) of clearance)

ii. If work to be performed is within less than 3.04 metres (10 feet) of clearance

iii. Utility locates within the downtown core iv. Utility locates for high voltage underground cables

4. Electrical power lines or equipment (kiosk, transformer) shall always be

considered as energized unless notified by SaskPower personnel that the lines or equipment are de-energized or out of service.

5. When operating equipment in the vicinity of overhead power lines, the Operator

must never permit any part of the equipment to come within 3.04 metres (10 feet) of the power lines. Note, high humidity, fog or rain can increase the chance of electric arc, so distance between the equipment and an overhead power line must be increased. Refer to the Provincial OH&S regulations, Table 22 for Limits of Approach for High Voltage Electrical Conductors

6. Under no circumstance shall the foreman assign or permit his employees to work

at locations where there exists the possibility of the worker or his equipment making contact with overhead or underground gas transmission lines or electrical power lines.



Excavations and Trenching General 1. All utility owners or any other company having underground facilities in the area

where work is to be performed shall be contacted through Sask 1st Call for locate information prior to the start of excavation work. All underground facilities must be day lighted to expose their location before any ground disturbance starts.

2. Some communication companies are not affiliated with Sask 1st Call and will

require City Operations Dispatch to contact them for underground locate information. On a City facility property underground locates will have to be performed by the Department who owns the underground facility. See Facility Locates on City of Regina owned Property.

3. All workers shall be trained in courses applicable to safe trenching or ground

disturbance. Training can be provided in-house or through a third party service provider. Competence in safe trenching shall be attained through compliance with current Provincial OH&S Regulations and work processes developed by your Branch. All workers must know:

Part XVII Excavations, Trenches, Tunnels and Excavated Shafts,

Sections 257 - 265 The work process and emergency plan for the work to be

performed Principles of safe trenching as provided in-house or by a third party

service provider

4. All workers shall receive instruction on site from their supervisor in the proper use of shoring, excavation or trenching procedures for the specific work to be performed and they shall ensure that these instructions are carried out. The emergency plan must be known by all workers on site. One person certified in First Aid/CPR must be on site at all times to assist in the event of an emergency.

5. All regulations prescribed by the Provincial Occupational Health and Safety

Branch shall apply for excavations, trenching and shoring and shall be followed explicitly.

6. Another resource for best practices in the protection of underground facilities is

the Saskatchewan Common Ground Alliance. The SCGA is not a regulatory group.

7. All workers, whether on the ground surface or below the ground, who are

engaged in any type of excavation or trenching work, shall wear a hard hat, CSA Z-96 high visibility garment and CSA approved green triangle work boots with 6–8 inch leather upper at all times. Eye, hand and hearing protection as required.

http://scga.ca/



Underground Locate Process for Public Land

Purpose

The City of Regina has adopted a system for locate requests to be used by all departments across the corporation. This process will ensure that all reasonable measures have been taken to locate underground utilities before any form of ground disturbance takes place. Examples of ground disturbance are, but not limited to, excavating, boring, drilling, trenching, staking, pinning, auguring, planting of trees or any other type of work where the breaking of the ground surface with any equipment to a depth that may contact underground utilities.

Definitions

The request for underground locates will fall under one of the following categories: Dig-Up Emergency: Report of damaged facilities; this call is most often from a

person that is working on site where contact or damage has taken place with an underground utility.

Emergency Locate Request: An emergency locate request is for locates in

order to repair or replace damage to an essential service. An emergency locate request can be processed if:

- an emergency crew is on site - an emergency crew is en route with an estimated time of arrival of one

hour - an emergency crew is en route with an estimated time of arrival no

later than 9:00 a.m. the following day and the request is being placed after 3:30 p.m.

Priority Locate: There is no guarantee locate will be performed within this time.

Customer phones today, work starts today.

Short Notice: There is no guarantee locate will be performed within this time. Work starts tomorrow.

Routine Locate: Locate will be performed within 48 hours. Work is scheduled to start within 10 days. Routine locates may be called in or sent by fax.

Limit emergency locates to emergency situations. This service request should only be used when a customer is being impacted, such as sewer backing up in their basement, the customer out of water, etc. Emergency locates should not be the action taken for poor planning. Sask 1st Call will not dispute that the locate request is or is not an emergency, but an emergency call when it is not required is using the locate service when other users may have a real emergency and cannot get the locate service completed in a timely manner.

http://www.sask1stcall.com/



Locate markings are valid for 10 working days. It is the responsibility of the branch performing the work to ensure that the work starts within this time. If the locate is older than 10 working days, a call for a refresh locate will be required. If the work to be performed takes more than 10 working days and you have not progressed through the zone where the locate markings have been made, a refresh locate must be made.

The Locate Process 1. All locate requests should be made through the City Operations Dispatch Office

located in the Public Works Yard - Building “A”

2. The locate request must contain the following information: The address of where the ground disturbance will take place The intersections on each side of the area where the work is to be

performed Description of specific location or the size of locate zone for the

underground locates to be performed. Eg Provide utility locates on both sides of 1000 block of Grace Street, provide utility locates 20 metres on each side of property line of 927 Pasqua Street

3. The City Dispatch Clerk will forward the locate request to Sask 1st Call

4. The ground disturbance area (dig area) should be marked on the surface with white paint in the summer or black paint in the winter to highlight the area where work will be performed prior to the locator arriving on site. If it is a large locate zone, a City representative should meet with the locators to define the locate zone and to gather accurate locate information.

5. No work is to start until an “all clear” is issued by Sask 1st Call, or locates have been made for all underground utilities. All underground utilities must be exposed (day lighted) by an approved method to verify their exact location to prevent injury to a Worker or damage to the utility while the work is being performed.

6. It is best to meet the locate service provider on site to get a description of what underground utilities are present within the designated work area. If you do not require a meeting on site please let the City Operations Dispatch Office know that no site meeting is require, that the dig site is clearly marked, but you do require a call back from the locator to verify what utilities are within the work zone.

7. Shermco Industries responsibility is to locate ALL gas lines unless there is an elevated pressure (EP) or a high pressure (HP) gas line or a regulator or a regulator station within 30 metres of the excavation site.

SaskEnergy must locate ALL gas lines in the designated downtown zone, which is from Albert Street including first lane west of Broad



Street and including first lane east and from Victoria Avenue to Saskatchewan Drive. Shermco Locators must communicate to the crew that the site is not clear and they must wait for SaskEnergy.

SaskPower must locate ALL power lines which are 72KVA or higher and ALL power lines in the designated downtown zone. Shermco Industries Locators must communicate to the crew that the site is not clear and they must wait for SaskPower.

8. When getting information on the underground utilities, ensure that you know the following before the locator leaves:

A description of what is under ground. Eg - The number and type of

electrical cable or gas lines that are present within the defined work area. Do not leave the site without a description of what you are working near. You need to know what you are looking for.

Are there any Class 2 underground utilities that the owner has to locate? These are high pressure gas or high voltage electrical (72KVA or higher). SaskPower and SaskEnergy are responsible for these locates.

9. Document all information gathered during the locate meeting. If possible get a

locate map from the locator if it is available. Take pictures of the work site or draw a diagram with notes for reference on what is underground.

It is very important that you have documentation of the locate activity. In the event of underground utility damage/contact there will be an investigation requiring your documented proof of your due-diligence.

10. Ensure that you pass along all information to the designated supervisor of the work crew performing the ground disturbance. Communication has to be timely and accurate. Your attention to detail may save someone from serious injury, or death.

Utility Locates on City of Regina Owned Property

Sask 1st Call will not locate underground utilities owned by the City of Regina. When City of Regina employees are requested to perform any type of ground disturbance, trenching or excavations on City land, an underground locate must be requested from the following branches.

1. Electrical Lines will be located by the Facilities Maintenance Branch. Requests for a utility locate may be made through [email protected]

2. Traffic Signals electrical infrastructure will be located by contacting the Supervisor, Traffic Signal Trades.

http://www.sask1stcall.com/

mailto:[email protected]



3. Underground assets in parks or open spaces owned by the City can be located by contacting the Supervisor, Irrigation Services.

4. Sewer and Water underground utilities can be located by contacting the Supervisor, Infrastructure Services.

Excavations 1. All excavations over 1.2 metres (4 feet) in depth shall have the walls shored or

braced or they shall have the portion above the 1.2 metre mark sloped (cut back) to at least an angle of 30° to the vertical in hard compact ground and 45° to the vertical in any other ground type. If equipment is to be operated in the excavation, the walls shall be sloped at 45° to the vertical.

2. Excavated material shall be kept back at least 1.0 metre (3 feet) from the edge of

excavations and piled that material cannot roll, slide or fall into the excavation. 3. Trees, overhangs, boulders, and other loose materials creating a hazard to

employees shall be scaled, trimmed, secured or removed. 4. Special precautions shall be taken in sloping or shoring the sides of an

excavation adjacent to a previously backfilled excavation or a fill area. This practice is especially important when the separation is less than the depth of the excavation.

5. Guardrails or barricades shall be installed when there is a risk to the worker that

they may fall into the excavation. When there is a gap between the undisturbed ground and the side of the shoring cage use of an adequate catwalk with handrail must be installed. Do not step or jump across the excavation.

6. Materials used for sheeting, sheet piling, cribbing, bracing, shoring and

underpinning shall be in good serviceable conditions. Timbers shall be sound, free from large or loose knots and of proper dimensions. Reference Table 17, Excavation and Trench Shoring of the Provincial OH&S regulations.

7. Screw jacks, hydraulic equipment or other apparatus may be used as shoring,

stringer or bracing, if they are at least equivalent in strength and reliability to the shoring, stringers or bracing described in Table 17 of the Provincial OH&S regulations.

8. When a worker is in a trench, the supervisor shall ensure that a competent

worker is stationed on the surface to alert any worker in the trench about the development of any potentially unsafe conditions and to provide assistance in an emergency. Emergency response shall include one worker on site that is certified in first aid/CPR at all times.



9. Where the quality of ground in a trench or portion of a trench has deteriorated to the extent that it would be unsafe to use the method of removal referred to in clause (e) (iii), an employer shall ensure that the shoring, stringers or bracing are removed by a method that does not require a worker to enter the trench or any part of that trench.

10. Daily inspections of excavations shall be made by a competent person. If

evidence of possible cave-ins or an earth slide is apparent, all work in the excavation shall cease until the necessary precautions have been taken to safeguard the employees.

11. Extra caution shall be taken after rainstorms or when water is seeping into

excavations to ensure the walls are stable. The excavation should be pumped free of water before work starts, if possible. When not possible to remove the water a pump shall be placed on the excavation floor to prevent an accumulation of water.

Excavations and Heavy Equipment 1. Heavy equipment shall not be used on any slope or incline without first ensuring

that the terrain slope does not exceed the rollover threshold for the specific equipment. Consult with Fleet Services for specific information on the equipment considered to be used.

2. Employees other than the operator shall not stand with hands or feet resting on

the equipment while it is operating. Workers must be aware of, and shall keep clear of any moving parts or components in motion.

3. When digging near a large tree and the excavation will undermine the root

system directly under the trunk, call the Forestry Branch for advice on how to dig under the tree for the safety of the workers and when possible to prevent damage or destruction of the tree.

4. Heavy equipment is not to drive within 1 metre (3 Feet) of the side wall of the

excavation. If it is necessary to place or to operate heavy equipment or other heavy objects on a level above and near an excavation, the side of the excavation shall be sheet-piled, shored, or braced as necessary to prevent the excavation wall from collapsing.

The following table provides the width of the excavation at the ground surface to get the required slope on the sidewalls of the trench. The width at the trench floor is estimated to be 3 feet wide.



Trenching Requirements

Note that in the table below, the width of the bottom of the trench was assumed to be .91m (3 feet). If the bottom width is increased, increase the width of the top.

Depth of the Trench Width Across the Top of the Trench To provide a 30 degree angle

from the top of the vertical in hard, compact soil (W1)

To provide a 45 degree angle from the top of the vertical in soil likely to crack or crumble (W2)

Meters Feet Meters Feet Meters Feet 1.83 6 1.64 5.5 2.17 7 2.13 7 1.99 6.5 2.79 9 2.44 8 2.34 7.5 3.39 11 2.74 9 2.69 9.0 4.00 13 3.05 10 3.04 10.0 4.60 15 3.35 11 3.40 11.0 5.22 17 3.66 12 3.75 12.0 5.83 19 3.96 13 3.96 13.0 6.44 21 4.29 14 4.45 14.5 7.05 23 4.57 15 4.80 16.0 7.66 25 4.88 16 5.16 17.0 8.27 27 5.18 17 5.51 18.0 8.88 29 5.49 18 5.86 19.0 9.49 31 5.79 19 6.21 20.0 10.10 33 6.10 20 6.56 21.5 10.71 35 Note: Conversion to feet is rounded.



Handling Materials and Equipment 1. Employees shall not ride on top of a load of material, side of a vehicle, in a

bucket or in a truck box. 2. Load binders shall be used at both the front and rear to secure the load. Fleet

Training and Safety Branch can provide training on Load Security. 3. When loading various sizes of pipe, timber, etc., the larger size material shall

be loaded first to provide a stable foundation to stack on the rest of the load. 4. When using lumber or ramps (skids) to assist in loading or unloading of

material from a truck box. The skids shall be secured to the truck. 5. When lowering materials by ropes down skids, employees shall always stand

on the opposite side of the materials from the direction that the material is moving.

6. When using rollers to move heavy equipment the rollers shall extend beyond

the skids or the equipment base. 7. Pipe shall be placed in a safe location and blocked to prevent rolling. 8. During the night if the stored material creates a hazard, it shall be identified by

illuminated barricades, barricades with retro-reflective material, flashers or by appropriate signage.

9. When handling materials over a trench, the person in charge shall see that

enough skids of sufficient strength are used to support the load. 10. No employee shall be permitted to place themselves under a load suspended

by an excavator, crane or hoist. To avoid injury from spillage, employees shall be required to stand away from any vehicle being loaded.

Confined Spaces Definition Confined spaces are defined in the OH&S Regulations in two forms. 1. Confined space means an enclosed or partially enclosed space that:

i. Is not primarily designed or intended for human occupancy, except for the purpose of performing work; and

ii. Has restricted means of entrance and exit;



2. Hazardous confined space means a confined space that is or may become hazardous to a worker entering the confined space

i. The design, construction or atmosphere of the confined space; ii. The materials or substances in the confined space; iii. The work activities or processes used in the confined space; or iv. Any other condition relating to the confined space;

Working in Confined Spaces Before a worker is required or permitted to enter a confined space, the worker shall receive training in confined space entry. The training will include all matters required to safely enter, work in and exit from a confined space including the emergency procedures. Training for confined space must be formalized and documented. It is required that management and employees are familiar with and apply the requirements as stated in Sections 266 – 275 of the Provincial OH&S Regulations as they apply to the work to be performed. The process of entering or working in a confined space shall be followed and documented. A Confined Space Entry Form shall be used for each work location. The form will record the hazard assessment, the measures taken to mitigate the hazards, pre-entry atmospheric levels. See Appendix H. The confined space shall be examined to assess all possible hazards that may endanger the worker, including:

the presence of any toxic, flammable or explosive substance a lack of oxygen the release of toxic, flammable or explosive substance or the depletion of

oxygen resulting from work activities or the other causes during the worker’s occupation of the confined space

the movement of any material within or into the confined space the potential for the release of energy within or into the confined space.

Where the examination mentioned in the previous subsection reveals: 1. no possible hazard; the employer, supervisor or their designate shall make a

written statement to this effect; and 2. a possible hazard, the employer shall:

i) prepare written instructions for measures to ensure the safety of a worker who enters or works in the confined space; and

ii) implement the measures mentioned in sub-clause (i).



Where a possible hazard arises from atmospheric conditions within a confined space, the written instructions required pursuant to sub-clause 2(b)(i) shall include a requirement that the confined space is: 1. Purged and ventilated before a worker is allowed to enter the space, so that:

i. any hazard associated with a toxic, flammable or explosive substance

is eliminated; and

ii. an oxygen content of not less than 18% and not more than 23% is ensured; and

iii. continuously ventilated at all times during which the worker occupies

the confined space, to maintain the safety of the atmosphere; or

iv. Subject to subsection (3), the worker is provided with a respiratory protective device as defined in Provincial OH&S Regulations, Section 88 (1 – 8). (1.1) Where ventilation is used to eliminate a possible hazard

pursuant to clause (3) the employer shall test the atmosphere at appropriate intervals to ensure that the ventilation is adequate to protect a worker who enters or works in the confined space.

(1.2) No employer shall require or permit a worker to enter or work in

a confined space using a respiratory protective device if any flammable or explosive material is present in the atmosphere of the confined space at a level that is more than 20% of the lower explosive limit of that material.

(1.3) Where any flammable or explosive gases, vapours or liquids are

or may be present in a confined space, the employer shall ensure that all sources of ignition are eliminated or controlled.

Where a worker is required or permitted to work in a confined space, the employer shall ensure that:

1. The worker is attended by and in communication with another worker who has

been adequately trained in effective rescue procedures and who is stationed at or near the entrance to the confined space.

2. Instructions for rescue procedures are posted at the work site. 3. Equipment necessary to rescue the worker is available at the work site and is

used in accordance with the instructions mentioned in clause b.



4. Where access to the confined space is from the top, the worker will wear a body harness which will effectively allow the rescue of the worker from the confined space.

Piping Connected to Confined Spaces 1. When a worker may be required or permitted to work in a confined space into

which piping may discharge a harmful substance, the employer shall ensure that the piping is capable of having a blank installed before the piping enters the confined space or is equipped with two blocking valves with a bleed off valve installed between them.

2. When a Worker is required or permitted to enter a confined space into which

piping may discharge a harmful substance, the employer shall ensure that:

Where provision has been made for installing a blank pursuant to clause 1a), that the blank is installed; or

Where two blocking valves and a bleed-off valve have been installed pursuant to clause,

i) the valves in the flow lines are locked in the CLOSED position

and the bleed-off valve is locked in the OPEN position and that reasonable measures are taken to ensure that the valves are not activated while a worker is in the confined space; and

ii) a worker is stationed at the location of the bleed-off valve to monitor its operation and to warn the workers in the confined space in case of emergency.

Piping, Fittings and Valves Where workers are required or permitted to work on piping that may contain harmful substances or substances under pressure, the employer shall ensure that suitable precautions are taken to protect those workers from contact with those substances. Reference: OH&S Section 275. Piping discharging hazardous substances For the purpose of subsection 1: 1. A single valve is not a suitable precaution to protect workers and either the

installation of a blank in the piping or the closing of two blocking valves installed in the line and the opening of a bleed-off valve installed between them is a suitable precaution for the protection of workers.

2. An Employer shall ensure that:



piping mentioned in sub clause 2(b)(i) is clearly marked to indicate that a blank has been installed

the two valves mentioned in sub clause 2b)(ii) are locked in the CLOSED position and the bleed-off valve is locked in the OPEN position and that reasonable measures are taken to ensure that the valves are not activated while a worker is working on the piping.

Any respiratory protective device required pursuant to this section shall be an approved atmosphere supplying respirator that operates in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Reference: Section 90 (1) Working in Dangerous Atmospheres The employer of a worker who is required to enter an atmosphere which is contaminated by toxic substances, or in which there is a shortage of oxygen, to the extent that the atmosphere is immediately dangerous to the life or health of the worker shall ensure that the worker is provided with, and wears, a respiratory protective device. Opening and Guarding Holes Whenever the cover is to be removed from a manhole, catch basin or a vault, or when any other opening of a structure will present a hazard to vehicle or pedestrian traffic, the following precautions shall be taken:

All hazards shall be guarded by adequate signs, barricades, lights or flags

Traffic shall be warned in advance through the use of signs, flashing lights, traffic cones or flagmen, as may be required by the situation

Where permissible and practical, a truck with flashing lights shall be parked

near the hazard to guard the work area against oncoming traffic

Barricades shall be placed around all underground openings and the hazard properly covered if work is temporarily discontinues and left unattended.

Vegetation Control Tree Trimming 1. When tree trimming, tree felling, brush loading or brush disposal operations are

under way on the street, roadway or any other area accessible to the public, “Men Working” signs, cones, red flags, barricades or other warning devices (or combination thereof) shall be used to protect vehicular and pedestrian traffic and employees.

2. Climbing spurs shall not be used for climbing trees.



3. A ladder must be used whenever possible for climbing trees. 4. Axes or brush hooks shall be not be carried on the shoulder. 5. Axes shall not be used aloft; always use hand or hydraulic saws. 6. Dead or rotted limbs, regardless of size, shall not be used by employees for

support. 7. Buckets are not to be used for supporting and lowering branches. 8. Branches or other material shall not be dropped unless the immediate area has

been cleared so there is no responsibility of injury to persons or damage to the property. If such a possibility exists, a rope shall be used to lower branches.

9. When lowering heavy tree branches, employees shall not tie fall lines around

their hands or body. 10. Employees shall obtain assistance or use power equipment when lifting logs or

other heavy loads. 11. When loading brush on a truck, employees shall not stand on or straddle the

loaded brush. 12. Brush shall be hauled away promptly. 13. When hauling brush, care shall be taken so that it doesn’t extend over the sides

of the truck. Working near Electrical Lines Trees that require trimming which are in close proximity to energized power lines shall be reported to SaskPower for trimming.

Tree Felling Trees to be felled shall be inspected for dead limbs that may break or broken limbs lodged in the tree that might fall into the working area as the job progresses. No one shall be allowed to work on a tree located near the tree that is being felled if there is any danger of it being stuck by any part of the falling tree. All persons not engaged in the felling operation shall be kept clear of guide ropes and other rigging.



Clear warning shall be given to all employees in the area when trees are to be felled or heavy tree branches are to be dropped. Once the felling of a tree has been started, it shall be completed before leaving the job. Where there is danger that the tree may strike and damage property, a block and tackle must be used to control the direction of fall. Powered Trimming Equipment

Employees operating powered trimming equipment shall wear suitable personal protective equipment. Chain Saws

Only trained and certified workers shall be allowed to operate a power chain saw

All Personal Protective Equipment required for this activity will be worn before operation of the chain saw All chain saws shall be equipped with dead-man controls (control cannot lock in on position) Before operating the chain saw all other workers in the area have to be clear of the saw blade by at least 3 metres. If there is an over head hazard from falling cut material all workers are to stay clear of the fall area. Clean the walking area where cutting is to take place to remove any trip hazards Before starting the engine ensure that the chain is adjusted correctly and not in contact with any fixed object When starting a chain saw, the operator shall grip the chainsaw which shall be placed on or against a solid support. The saw bumper shall be against the tree or limb before starting a cut. Chain saw operators shall, when necessary clear the immediate area around their work to make certain that brush will not interfere with either the chain saw or the operator. Chain saws are not to be used while perched in a tree, from a ladder or any rigged device Operators must not use a chain saw above shoulder height Employees shall not approach a chain saw operator within the reach of the saw while the saw is in operation. The chain saw engine or motor shall be stopped:

When working on any part of the chain or cutting bar



While the saw is being moved from one location to another While unit is unattended When changing body position when being refueled. If gas is spilled on chain

saw during refueling, it shall be wiped off before engine is started. Only hydraulically driven chains saws can be used overhead while the operator is positioned in an aerial lift bucket (Forestry Division) Care of Tools and Rope Ropes shall be inspected before use. Damaged sections shall be cut out and

destroyed or the ropes replaced. Ropes shall be kept away from fire, acids, oils, chemicals and all sources of

excessive heat. Dragging ropes over rough surfaces and sharp objects, such as rocks, shall be

avoided. Ropes shall be stored separately from sharp edged cutting tools. The cutting edge of tools shall be suitably sheathed or guarded except while in

actual use. When not in actual use, the trimmer’s saw shall be returned to the scabbard. Tools shall not be thrown into, or dropped from a tree; they shall be raised or

lowered by a suitable rope line. Ladders, when not in use, shall be removed from the base of a tree. Chippers When operating chippers, the following rules shall apply: The chipper shall be properly attached to the tow vehicle. The Fleet Training and

Safety Branch can provide direction on this matter. The work area shall be protected with the warning signs and traffic cones, and

the chipper shall be located on the edge of the roadway. Employees shall not permit the public to stand within 30 feet of the machine while

feeding brush into the chipper. If the hazard assessment reveals that debris my fly farther than this distance additional space for the safe zone is to be created.

Before the chipper is started, the chipper intake shall be checked for foreign

objects in both the intake roller and chipper bit and flywheel areas.



Chippers shall never be parked or operated directly under the tree being trimmed or when the boom of the truck is in close proximity to energized power lines (Chipper attached to boom truck).

Run the chipper at full throttle when feeding in cuttings. Employees must wear approved goggles or face shields, hard hat and hearing

protection when feeding cuttings into the chippers. Do not wear loose clothing, scarves, rings, watches, bracelets or necklaces. Caution shall be exercised to make certain that gloves or clothing do not get

caught on branches being fed into the chipper. Loose fitting gloves and snug fitting clothing must be worn when feeding the chipper.

Do not hold on to the cutting once it is engaged into the feed rollers. Trees and branches must be fed into the chipper, butt end first. The maximum

diameter of logs should not exceed the dimensions stated by the manufacturer of the cupper equipment.

A wooden push stick shall be used to push cuttings into the chipper. Tools, or

other metallic objects should never be used to push cuttings into a chipper. Hands or feet shall not be used to push cuttings or to clear away small cuttings

into a chipper. A soft wood push stick or brush shall be used. Only tree limbs, brush or wood cuttings shall be fed into the chipper. Street

sweepings, which may contain foreign objects such as stones and nails, shall be loaded on a truck and not fed through the chipper.

Employees shall not stand directly in front of the chipper intake, feed cuttings into

the chipper from the side. This will avoid injury from kick back. Employees shall not pass in front of discharge chute while the chipper is

operating. Turn away from the chipper after putting the cuttings in. The chipper will feed

itself, and if you do not step clear you could be struck by limbs feeding into the chipper.

Do not sit on the chipper when it is being moved. Chippers and cutter bar bolts are to be checked daily for proper torque. Chippers shall be equipped with an emergency shut-off switch of an approved

design at the intake of the chipper within reach of the operator at all times.



Prior to making adjustments, inspections or repairs, the employee shall turn off the chipper’s engine and permit the blade to come to a complete stop. If applicable disconnect the electrical power to the ignition system, e.g. kill switch. Remove the keys from the ignition.

The cutting drum must stop rotating before attempting any repairs or

maintenance to the chipper. Rotation of the cutter drum shall be securely blocked with wedges while working

on the chipper blades. Only qualified workers shall replace chipper blades. The ignition key shall be removed when a chipper is left unattended. When

equipped, the master electrical switch must be placed in the off position.

Use of Pesticides and Other Chemicals Before using any pesticides, chemicals, or products, employees shall be trained and competent in the use of these substances. Employees shall read the Material Safety Data Sheet for the product and follow the specific instructions. When working with toxic materials, proper respiratory protection must be used. When respiratory protection is used the employee is to be trained in the inspection, maintenance and use of the required respiratory protection. Fit testing must be performed before respiratory protection is issued. Personal protective equipment such as disposable overalls, hard hat, rubber gloves, boots, and CSA approved high visibility garment shall be worn during all spraying operations. Spray equipment and protective gear shall be cleaned daily. Spraying shall not be done when the wind speed will affect the ability to control the air borne product. Any liquid spilled on power spray equipment, shall be removed as soon as possible to prevent slip or falls from a slippery surface. Sprayer hose connections shall be checked before use to prevent high pressure separation and potential for injury. Employees shall not smoke on or around mist generating spray equipment when oil solutions are being mixed or used. Pesticides and other chemicals shall never be left where they would create a hazard to persons or property.



When rinsing containers, dispose of rinse solution in an approved manner. Contamination of the environment is a offence that may lead to discipline of the employee or a fine issued by the Province to the employee or the corporation. Empty pesticide containers shall be rinsed and stored until arrangements are made to dispose of them in designated dump sites in compliance with Province of Saskatchewan regulations. The Employer shall request from the supplier all MSDS information for all products used by the work area. MSDS information shall be posted for reference for all Employees. Power Lawn Mowers Employees shall ensure that all applicable guards are in place prior to using power lawn mowers. All power lawn mowers shall be purchased or rented equipped with adequate guards, which shall remain in place while the mower is operating. Prior to making adjustments, inspections or repairs, the employee shall turn off the mower’s engine and permit the blade to come to a complete stop. If equipped disconnect the electrical power to the ignition system, e.g. kill switch. Remove the keys from the ignition. Employees shall not refuel, add oil, adjust, repair or clean mowers with the motor running. Mowers shall never be left unattended with the motor running. When operating a power mower, the operator shall:

Remove any material from the area to be mowed that could damage the mower or become a ballistic hazard to co-workers or the public

If not practical remove ground hazards, survey the area to be mowed for obvious obstructions. It may be necessary to walk the area to complete the hazard assessment.

Avoid standing in front of the discharge opening

When mowing a slope or incline, mow across the face of the slope

Wear hearing and eye protection when operating mower

Wear CSA approved green triangle work boots with 6-8 inch leather uppers.

(Running shoes not permitted)

Keep others away from discharge chute.



Steamer Operators Only employees who are certified by the Province of Saskatchewan with the appropriate level of Fireman’s Certification shall be authorized to operate a boiler fired pressurized steamer. Non-qualified personnel will not be permitted to operate the steamer equipment. Steamers must be operated with a two person crew. One worker will operate the steamer wand to perform the work. The second Worker is to watch the steamer unit gauges, specifically the operating pressures, temperature of steam and operating condition of the unit. While operating, the steamer must be observed continuously. Crew Trailers Crew Trailers shall be kept clean, dry, thermally comfortable and well ventilated. Flammable liquids shall be stored in a separate compartment away from any source of ignition. Old rags, paper and other flammable material shall not be allowed to accumulate in crew trailers. An adequate supply of fresh drinking water cups shall be available. The water shall be stored in a sanitary container. Toilet facilities shall be cleaned and disinfected on a regular basis by crew members using the trailer. The crew trailer hitch shall be equipped with safety chains, breakaway device, towed by a vehicle with an adequate load rating and by a driver with the correct class of driver’s license.

Welding Welding and cutting shall only be performed by properly trained employees. To protect the body during welding operations, protective clothing specifically designed for welding operations shall be provided by the City. This may include but not limited to, head, eye and hearing protection, hand and arm protection, body protection such as fire resistant coverall, bibs, chaps or aprons. The PPE will be worn at all times while welding. Not all of the PPE listed needs to be worn at any one time. It will be a combination of the supplied PPE that will be required to protect the Worker. The worker will be responsible to wear personal clothing that is made of cotton or material that will not readily burn or melt to the skin. Welders must be constantly alert to the hazard of escaping gas. They shall at all times assure themselves that the job they have to undertake can be done with safety to themselves, to their co-workers and to the public. Where possible all welding shall be performed with exhaust ventilation present at the welding work area.



Welding, cutting or open flame soldering operations on any pipeline, tank, empty container or piece of equipment shall not be performed until it is assured the object is free from flammable materials (gasoline, fuel, oil, etc.) or an explosive mixture of gases. When welding or cutting in elevated positions, precautions shall be taken to prevent sparks or hot metal from falling onto workers or flammable material below the worksite. An approved, functional fire extinguisher shall be available at all locations where welding or cutting equipment is used. Matches or butane lighters shall not be carried on the person when engaged in welding or cutting operations. A fire watch shall be maintained wherever welding or cutting is performed in locations where combustible materials may present a fire hazard. A fire check shall be made of the area 30 minutes after welding is complete. It is recommended that there be a Hot Work Permit system in place for any facility or plant where work with an open flame or welding will take place. In dusty or gaseous spaces where there is a possibility of an explosion, welding or cutting equipment shall not be used until the space is adequately ventilated. The worksite shall be continuously monitored during the work being performed to ensure there is no build up of toxic or flammable gasses. Adequate worksite ventilation shall be maintained and approved respiratory protective equipment shall be used while brazing, cutting or welding zinc, brass, bronze, stainless steel, galvanized or lead coated material. Where combustible materials such as paper clippings or wood shavings are present, the floor shall be swept clean for a radius of 35 feet before welding. Combustible floors shall be kept wet or protected by fire-resistant shields. Where floors have been wet down, a Worker operating arc-welding or cutting equipment shall be protected from possible shock. Electric Arc Welding Operating instructions or warnings supplied by the manufactures or affixed to the machine shall be followed. The electrode shall be removed from the holder when the machine is unattended. To protect the eyes, face and body during electrical arc welding or cutting, the operator shall wear an approved helmet and proper protective gloves and clothing. Helpers or attendants shall wear the same. Other employees shall not observe electric arc welding operation unless they use approved eye protections such as welder’s goggles or face shields. Proper eye protections shall be worn to guard against flying particles when the head shield is raised.



No electrical welding machine, either AC or DC, shall be operated until the frame or case of the machine is electrically grounded. Grounding connections shall be checked prior to welding to ensure they are adequate, both mechanically and electrically. Vehicles or equipment equipped with computer monitored systems may require that the batteries are disconnected to prevent electric shock to the computers. Consult with Fleet Maintenance prior to welding on a vehicle or equipment to prevent damage to the computer. No splices or cable repairs shall be permitted within 3 metres of the electrode holder. Welding screens shall be used whenever other persons could be exposed to the arc of the welding operation. Welders shall not strike an arc with an electrode when there are persons nearby who might be affected by the arc. Gas Welding Suitable eye protection, hand and arm protection and clothing shall be worn during welding or cutting operations or while cleaning scale from welds. Matches shall not be used to light a torch. A torch shall not be lit on hot work. A friction lighter or stationary pilot light shall be used. Welding hoses shall be repaired according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. If no guidance is provided by the manufacturer, a damaged hose must be destroyed and new hose installed. When welding equipment is not in use, the cylinder valves shall be closed and the residual pressure in the hose released. The Acetylene cylinder valve shall not be opened to more than one and one-half turns. The wrench shall be left in position on the stem while the cylinder is in use. Do not use a torch with the acetylene delivery pressure greater than 15 P.S.I. This may create an unstable condition that could result in the torch handle exploding. When in use, the oxygen tank valve shall be opened all the way open to have full contact with the back of the seat to prevent stem leakage. Soap suds or other approved methods shall be used to locate a gas leak in the cutting or welding set-up. A flame must never be used to detect a leak. Oil or grease shall not be used to lubricate or clean oxy/acetylene equipment. Oil products mixing with oxygen can cause an explosive reaction. Also do not allow oil or grease to build up on the oxy/ acetylene equipment. Clean with soap and water.



Each welding, cutting or beveling torch shall be fitted with a check valve on both the oxygen and acetylene connections at the regulator to prevent blow back. Handling and Storage of Cylinders Care shall be exercised in handling all gas cylinders. They shall not be dropped, dragged or jarred. Gas cylinders shall not be hoisted using a sling or electric magnet nor shall they be lifted by the valve protection cap. Handle cylinders with the assistance of hydraulic tailgates or another approved mechanical floor lift shall be used in the raising or lowering cylinders from a truck. Gas cylinders shall be secured in an upright position at all times. Valve protection caps shall be kept in place except while regulators and hoses are attached. Gas cylinders shall be kept away from heat and welding or cutting operations where sparks could reach them. Oxygen cylinders shall not be stored near highly combustible materials. They shall be separated in storage from fuel gas cylinders or combustible materials. Correct storage methods for gas cylinder would be available from current OH&S Regulation or from the office of the Fire Inspector, Regina Fire Department. When connecting a regulator to a new cylinder, the regulating spring shall be fully released. Acetylene cylinders must be used and stored in an upright position. These cylinders contain acetone, a liquid that will flow into welding equipment if the cylinders are used in other than an upright position. Cylinders shall not be allowed to come in contact with energized conductors, ground wires from electrical equipment or welding machines. A full cylinder shall be connected to a header or manifold with other cylinders only when their temperatures are approximately the same. Only those fuel gas cylinders that are in actual use or are secured in place and connected to a manifold or welding set shall be permitted in the main building. All empty and spare cylinders shall be stored elsewhere. The valves of the gas cylinders shall be opened slowly and only to the amount of turns open as prescribed by the manufacturer. Employees shall never tamper with the safety relief devices of cylinders. Employees shall never force connections that do not fit.



Before the regulator is removed from a cylinder, the cylinder valve shall be closed and all pressure released from the regulator. A leaking cylinder shall not be used. Such cylinders shall be taken outdoors away from the sources of ignition. The supervisor shall be notified. Workers in the immediate area must be notified. If there is a hazard of explosion or fire, call 911 and report the situation. A flame shall never be used to detect gas leaks. The recessed top of cylinder shall not be used as a place for tools. No attempt shall be made to mix gases in a cylinder or to transfer gas from one cylinder to another. A sign “Danger – No Smoking, Matches or Open Flame” or equivalent wording shall be conspicuously posted in rooms or at entrances to areas where fuel gas is used or stored.

Corporate Safety Manual Chapter 17 Construction and ... · Manhole covers or gratings are removed...

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Transcript of Corporate Safety Manual Chapter 17 Construction and ... · Manhole covers or gratings are removed...