134

Core Drilling at Syowa Station, Antarctica

Katsutada KAMINUMA *

Abstract: The first core drilling at Syowa Station in Antarctica was car­ried out by the 21st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-21) by a rotary core dril1ing method using air as the drilling fluid. After 26 days of drilling work, a 20 m-deep borehole was obtained in March 1980. In order to deepen this borehole, the core drilling was succeeded by JARE-22 using water as the drilling fluid. However, drilling rods were stuck in the hole during the removal of the frozen drilling fluid. The part of the hole which is deeper than 5 m could not be used for underground temperature measurements. Though a new 30 m-deep hole was drilled in March 1981, drilling rods were stuck in the hole again. Only the upper part of the hole which is shallower than 7 m could be used for the temperature measurements.

Another 30 m-deep hole was drilled in January 1982. It was done well to make the 30 m-deep hole. However, the hole could not be used for the temperature measurements, because drilling rods were stuck in the hole again during the removal of the drilling fluid. Though the leakage and/or flood of water in the drilling hole on East Ongul Island was beyond prediction, a few cracks at the depth from the surface to 10 m were found to act as waterways. To keep water from leakage and/or flood is the most important in the core dri1ling at Syowa Station.

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* Em.ftffiil!!7i1f�m. National Institute of Polar Research, 9-10, Kaga 1-chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173.

No. 77. 1983) 135

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---------

URA COVE

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Fig. 1. Locations of the core drilling sites.

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No. 77. 1983J

� 1 �:tt-� Table 1. List of tools.

Tool JARE-21 JARE-22

Drilling machine Metal crown bit Surface set diamond bit Impregnated diamond bit Metal crown bit Surface set diamond bit Impregnated diamond bit Derrick

(46 mm) (46 mm) (46 mm)

(144 mm) (144 mm) (144 mm)

(6m)

KT-2

24pcs 2pcs

5pcs 1 pc

1 set TR-160

1 pc

KT-2

15 pcs 1 pc

6pcs 5 pcs

1 pc 1 set

TR-160

MG-5A

1 pc

Air compressor Water pump Water swivel

Core tube (46 mm) 50cmx10pcs 50 cmx 10 pcs 30cmx10 pcs lOOcmx 3 pcs

150cmx 2pcs Core tube 50cmx 2pcs 50cmx 2pcs

30cmx 3 pcs Drilling rod

Core lifter Core lifter

(144 mm)

(40.5 mm)

(46 mm) (144 mm)

1. 5 mx20 pcs 1. 5 mx40 pcs

11

,---8

.....---9 ll...:l"---10

b

3.0mxlO pcs lOpcs 12 pcs

2pcs 2pcs

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;J,,::1"7:f.1-7\ 10. ::1'71)77-, 11. l:::',y r.

Fig. 2. Schematic view of core drilling system. I. Derrick, 2. Wire, 3. Water swivel, 4. Drilling machine, 5. Delivery hose, 6. Piston pump, 7. Suction hose, 8. Drilling rod, 9. Single core tube, JO. Core lifter, JI. Drilling bit.

137

138

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Fig. 3. Schematic view of three types of drilling bits. 1. Metal

crown bit, 2. Impregnated diamond bit, 3. Surface set diamond bit.

i to Drilling Rod

Single Core Tube

CoreLifti

Core Lifter

Drilling Bit

� 4 :17@JJ&fflJl.��� Fig. 4. Schematic view of core recovery tools.

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No. 77. 1983]

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Table 2. Core drilling at Syowa Station.

For temperature measurements

For the borehole tiltmeter

Period (working days) Jan. 27-Mar. 22, 1980 (26 days) Feb. 10-Mar. 8, 1981 ( 7 days) Jan. 5- Jan. 18, 1982 ( 7 days)

Mar. 25-Apr. 4, 1980 ( 5 days)

Jan. 24- Jan. 28, 1981 ( 3 days)

2. 3. 1. :r- 7 ;i� - lJ :/ !/'

By \ Depth JARE-21 I 2 015 cm JARE-22 1 370 cm JARE-22 2 960 cm JARE-21

JARE-22

0- 95cm

95-187 cm

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30

""'

E 20 -

= 10

0 1

� JARE-21 0 JARE-22

-

-

·-

����������������������o� 5 10 15 20 25

the total number of days � 5 20 m :fl, 30 m :fLU> 13 J]IJffi!�JJ�

Fig. 5. Daily operation of the drilling.

No. 77. 1983] 141

7 B iaj ( 16A B ) -c- 2 9EO cm O) JL 1 */J:� G ht::... � 5 tififu� O) � - lJ :/ !7"{'p*O) B JJIJJirr ��lG-t". e:· 'Y i- O)��ffl lht, = 7 � - 1J / ;7·· 0) � it _,( � JI., 39@ , � Ji, :;, 2 {[81 , 7Jcf - !J / ;7''0)�it!i ,,( � JI., 6 @ , -1 :/ 7

° lJ 4 ffl -C'2i0 .r;, f::_. 7J( � - lJ / ;7'' 0) � i:i- P 'Y F O)t)ifi/Ji.J:� G ;hf, 600 rpm O)@J$itJ:tu�-c- � t::.. ;:. c iJ , G , = 7 $ - lJ :/ ;7" 0) � it O) P ;,1 f O) t)ifjb ti , :fL §U:: 0) i � --:)i.J:±� ltslt-: 6 5 c ,8c7,hh o . *6 JWJ, 17ff!:iit$ c 1,, , 5 ,�/J, G tt., 7Jc -f - 1J '/ f 0) 1J

i.J: :x.. 7 .f - 1J :/ ;7-· �:::..Jt� 3-5 fg O) f'p*fili$�t�--:) c }i!lbtL o .

3. 2. ili7J< · i*7J<f= -=> L ' -C

�tn, 13t?;f0£:f:t!!O)¥f�Ti:::..:t1! fr7J( ti� l, , ,!:: 7� � ;ht::.. . L/J, L ::r. 7 � - 1) / ;7'' 0) � ,S- , m

5:\1¥.HC� 6 0) l v:=..�--;- ::7 '7 ,y ::7 1.)> G :JL""'-0) /±l l}(i.J:60 .r;, t::.. c ,8c7,b;h o . ::r. 7 ;-f - 1J '/ ;7·· -c·a, /±l 7J( tis'J IJ Wf O)t:J!:/±l v:=.. c .r;, -C �:;k O) �� c t,r o . lli7.K c �7}( t:t��0)'*1f*t:=.. it 1J , 7J( .f - 1J :/ f -t}- -1 1- -c· �t. , !Zi 6 0) 2 vClG-t" 10 m J: 1J tl 1,, , ;7 =J ·:/ ::7 2-3 n ffliJ, G �7.K Lt::.. c � x_ G h Q . :x. 7 � - 1J '/ ;:,·· �=- :t-:; 1. , -c /±l 7.KiJ:J! G tL t::.. -:. c i.J , G , 7]( .f - lJ '/ ;7·· � fr 5 c � t ��=- it o �Ij'.O)�Jj(i.J:� *- G ;h t::..i.J: , 3'c:1i=: v=-�tLUrE L v=:. t,r Q Vil c· O)jcjtO)�Jj(i.J:� [, Q C l:tT;m L t,r

30 m JL-C· i:tffi � Lt::..�0fn&IBO& 500 1, r Jv ;7 ::z / / ;; - !,( - ffl :t- -1 JI., 400 1 �-t�--C �f( L --C , :irUt 8 t=- �i*fi-7.Klf[ -C' 14 t 0) 7.K �f/U/5' L t::../J:-t�--c �7](-t' o ,f'f f*-C' it .r;, f::.. . jj;7j([t'J 11::iu O)�ffl ti , 22?xli)(/±l9e0)�,� -c· i:t - l0°C c \. , 5 fifilla.T -C·O)�ffl§li!i{i.J;�j: c Iv l'' t,r \, , ;:. c c , f,�tt 0) �� t,rttt/::ki==- J: o $i'& 0) nr�gttn:9-n 1, , O) -C· t1.t,r 1. , iJ , c ::J:IJ!tlr � tt , �{im � tL tJ:. iJ , .r;, t::.. .

1

/;;��j �

?,---j

2

l!iQ 6 20 m :JL, 30 m :JU::�,t G 7 '7 Y 7 0) fft5Effttf-1: Fig. 6. Estimated crack locations in the 20 m-deep and 30 m-deep holes.

1. 20 m-deep hole. 2. 30 m-deep hole.

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142

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W:ll: <h fi:t tce \, , ;:. c �� L-C \, <!> · 30m JL-c·a, lffil.!l-t :/ -lf" -�.AO)f.:.6b = 7 $ - !J :/ 17·

vc -c :_fL l*J 0) 1]( 0) �� � fi 0 t.:.iJ; , � � 26 m O)j:fu,� --c· = 7 n;ffiffi L tce < tce 9 , � �-.t IJ p 'Y F

iJ�:tJIJfll � ht::.. .::. h v-.t 26 m tl�--c·tt*1t*�vc= 7 ::i / 7°

v 'Y -lf" - 0)�1J�Je. �� r., :;}J( O)

fil lJ MiJ?1c�vctM:f:1 � ;hf:fL� c P 'Y F O) iaj vCk: '£ 9 , 1:::· 'Y J-- fflH}--c·v-.t:1JciJ: ::1 7 ---j '£ I) � �

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JL, 30 m JL c t 7.](;t; - !J / 17· vc :}-n ,-cJL r::i n, G 6 m rvu:r,m-vc7]cn:s 0 t-=. ;:: c , SHIBUYA

et al. (1982) O)!/IH�·--c· v-.t:f:fur 10 m O)j:fuml_fl1!=-iaj�jm r. -c,m,ic � -1 -r 7- -c:-� 0 ;:. c ts:: c· t;,.

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� �Jt!--t 0 ;:. c -c:· s 0 . -r -

..,;.., / .:7·0) �J!j���--t 0 c , :i'mmt'.�vfE:l:illU5EJt! O)JLO)�i:r, i::i@� 46 mm iJ, G 54 mm �

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S 6 ?

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/ .:7· ,1,, ::i 7 7 :i - 7'Jj;rf:, J:. 9 f'f*l'm$iJ� fPJJ::--t o c ;Jt!H� � h o . � 2 0) 30 m JLO) f'f*�$

iJ:. GfHft L, lli�tt��ffi 1., , o c 100 m :JL�l.f(;t; - !J :/ .:7·--to �ir, �vm�Fl,'Ji��ll Lt::. 7

7 .:7 !it -� 2 c L -C *9 300 �raj&:,� -c:· S o . ::t-� v - './ a :/ J:, ]ifM vc �r:p � t.c $ - !J :/ .:7•

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No. 77. 1 983]

w !$

143

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c K. , ��iJ��I'- Lt�.

x itix

McGINNIS, L. D. (1 974) : Dry Valley Drilling Project summaries 1 973-74. DVDP Bull . , 3, 1-6. SHIBUYA, K., NAGAO, T. and KAMINUMA, K. ( 1 982) : Measurements of underground and under­

water temperatures by quartz thermometers at Syowa Station, East Antarctica. Nankyoku Shiryo (Antarct. Rec.), 76, 89-100.

TREVES, S. B . ( 1 974) : Summary of drill ing activities September-December 1 973. DVDP Bull . , 3, 7-8.

( 19824- 7 Jl 31 E 51:� , 19824- 9 .F.1 21 E c!{ifTfi�'.31:�)