CORBA & RMI (IIOP)

8/3/2019 CORBA & RMI (IIOP)

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The Java MessageThe Java Message

ServiceService

CORBA Architecture & RMI/IIOP Protocol


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Existing Legacy LayerExisting Legacy Layer

Instant Messaging LayerInstant Messaging Layer

CORBA :: Java Message ServiceCORBA :: Java Message Service

WEB SERVER (= / +)Java Application

Aglet/ Miglet

CORBA ApplicationConverter (C++)

CORBA/IIOP Client RMI/IIOP Client CORBA/IIOP Client

APPLICATION SERVER (RMI/IIOP Server)

Connector (AI)

EJB Entity Bean

EJB Session Bean

COBOL / CICS

SIP Communicator

VOIP PBX PSTNWAP GatewayBlack Box

JABBER

ServletServlet

Application LayerApplication Layer

Business LayerBusiness Layer

Network LayerNetwork Layer

A


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SMS Broker

MMS Service

WAP Service

A

Telecommunication ServicesTelecommunication Services

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) 2.5 GenerationGPRS (General Packet Radio Service) 2.5 Generation

EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)

33rdrd GenerationGeneration

WCDMA (Wide-Coded Dimension Multiple Access)WCDMA (Wide-Coded Dimension Multiple Access)

2.5 Generation2.5 Generation

WTCDMA (Wide Time-Coded Dimension MultipleWTCDMA (Wide Time-Coded Dimension Multiple

Access) 2.5 GenerationAccess) 2.5 Generation

HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access)HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access)

mid 3mid 3rdrd GenerationGeneration

WAP GATEWAYWAP GATEWAYSMS BoxSMS BoxWAP BoxWAP Box

Bearer BoxBearer Box

TCPTCP TCPTCP

WAP

SMS

SMSC


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Hardware Requirement SpecificationHardware Requirement Specification

Technical Specifications 802.11A 802.11B 802.11G Bluetooth 1XRTT

Speed 54 MBPS 11MBPS 54 MBPS 1 MBPS / 768MBPS

153.6 KBPS

Frequency 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz Frequency of Host

Operating Distance 100 Meter 150-300ft = 100 M 150 300ft = 100 M 33 ft / 10 M Frequency of

Host

Application WLAN / Wi-Fi WLAN / Wi-Fi WLAN / Wi-Fi PAN CDMA


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Application Server :: Invocation Process

How toInvoke

Events

Time

Manual

Called

Process Engine

Plug-inFramework

JMS Queue

Processor

Processor

API or Worklist

Sub-flow

How toIntegrate

JMSApplications

EJBComponents

Plug-ins

XML

RMI/IIOP

TemplateStore

InstanceStore

Weblogic /Application Layer

IntegrationStudio

Weblogic /Applicatioon Layer

IntegrationStudio


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OBJECTS Invoking with CORBA

Object Request Broker

WP Spreadsheet

Application Objects Common Facilities

Objects Services

Help Email Browser

Storage Transaction

ManagementQueries Versioning Security


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CORBA ::Java Message Service Server (RMI/IIOP) :: Network Layer

Hypertext TransferHypertext Transfer

Protocol (HTTP)Protocol (HTTP)File TransferFile Transfer

protocol (FTP)protocol (FTP)Internet Message AccessInternet Message Access

Protocol (IMAP)Protocol (IMAP)

Application LayerApplication Layer

Protocol (example)Protocol (example)

Secure Socket Layer (SSL)Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Internet Protocol (IP)Internet Protocol (IP)

Network LayerNetwork Layer

ProtocolsProtocols


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CORBA Architecture :: Technical Concrete Logical Structure

WEB SERVER

ObjectAdapter

ServerSkeletons

Client Stubs

CLIENT

Interfaces using IDL

ORB

NETWORK (GIIOP/IIOP)


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CORBA Architecture :: Technical Concept & Logical Application

In CORBA, the ORB provides the mechanisms by whichIn CORBA, the ORB provides the mechanisms by which

objects transparently make requests and receive responses, providingobjects transparently make requests and receive responses, providing

interoperability between applications on different machines, ininteroperability between applications on different machines, in

heterogeneous distributed environments.heterogeneous distributed environments.

For embedded applications, Apache HTTP CORBA is too largeFor embedded applications, Apache HTTP CORBA is too large

to meet size and performance requirements. Such scenarios require ato meet size and performance requirements. Such scenarios require a

cut-down version of unpopular CORBA web server.cut-down version of unpopular CORBA web server.


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Application Server :: Technical Terminology

EJB SESSION ::EJB SESSION :: Which are components implementing with Business logic, businessWhich are components implementing with Business logic, businessrules and workflow.rules and workflow.

EJB ENTITY BEANS ::EJB ENTITY BEANS :: Which are components encapsulating some dataWhich are components encapsulating some data

contained by the enterprise.contained by the enterprise.

---------------------- BEAN-MANGED PERSISTENCE (BMP) Entity BEAN ::BEAN-MANGED PERSISTENCE (BMP) Entity BEAN :: WhichWhich

require the component developer to write the necessary code to make the beanrequire the component developer to write the necessary code to make the bean

persist, using the API.persist, using the API.

---------------------- CONTAINER-MANGED PERSISTENCE (CMP) Entity BEAN ::CONTAINER-MANGED PERSISTENCE (CMP) Entity BEAN ::Which persistence is provided automatically by the container.Which persistence is provided automatically by the container.


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CORBA :: Technical Terminology

!! NOTE !!!! NOTE !!

Using CORBA implementation allows objects of both cross-platform & cross-languageUsing CORBA implementation allows objects of both cross-platform & cross-language

can invoke directly within our servlet by a remote client. Thus normally would start workcan invoke directly within our servlet by a remote client. Thus normally would start work

from the same IDL description of the server object as of the CORBA server implement &from the same IDL description of the server object as of the CORBA server implement &

generate client stub classes.generate client stub classes.

Features:Features:

o Looking up and instantiating objects on remoteLooking up and instantiating objects on remote..

o Marshalling parameters from one programming language (such as Java) to another (suchMarshalling parameters from one programming language (such as Java) to another (such

as C++) & vise-cersa.as C++) & vise-cersa.o Invoking methods on a remote objects, using the static method invocation described by aInvoking methods on a remote objects, using the static method invocation described by a

downloaded stub.downloaded stub.

o invoking methods on remote objects, using dynamic method invocation.invoking methods on remote objects, using dynamic method invocation.

o Automatically starting objects that are not currently running.Automatically starting objects that are not currently running.


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CORBA :: Technical Terminology

!! NOTE !!!! NOTE !! If you intend software and not hardware, application server contain businessIf you intend software and not hardware, application server contain business

logic code, while web server don't contain logic but only html pages to return tologic code, while web server don't contain logic but only html pages to return to

the browser with a little interaction. .the browser with a little interaction. .

Application Servers can also be termed as advanced versions of theApplication Servers can also be termed as advanced versions of theWeb servers that offers more functionality and tools to support the followingWeb servers that offers more functionality and tools to support the following

features, however few of these features can also be handled using web servers.features, however few of these features can also be handled using web servers.(They are marked with *)(They are marked with *)

1. Scalability *1. Scalability *

2. Performance *2. Performance *

3. Messaging3. Messaging

4. Resource Pooling4. Resource Pooling5. JNDI5. JNDI

6. Transaction services6. Transaction services

7. In-Built Security7. In-Built Security

8. App Diagnostics & Monitoring8. App Diagnostics & Monitoring

9. In-Built IDEs eg: workshop for weblogic, WSAD for WebSphere9. In-Built IDEs eg: workshop for weblogic, WSAD for WebSphere


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Choosing THE Web Server

1. APACHE Http 2.0 Web Server

2. CAUDIUM Web Server

3. CORE Java Web server 2.0


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I. APACHE Http 2.0 Web Server


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Apache 2.0 Web Server

COREMod_cgi

Mod_perl

Mod_PHP

Mod_fastCGI

Mod_SSL

Mod_CORBA

CGI-Based application

Fast CGI-Based application

Module-based application

Security Module

Wireless invocation

Module-based application


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NOTE:NOTE:

As given data-flow beingAs given data-flow being

displayed in the previous page,displayed in the previous page,

it also illustrated the systemit also illustrated the system

given in figure 3.3given in figure 3.3

Figure 3.3Figure 3.3


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An interesting characteristic of the Apache serverAn interesting characteristic of the Apache server

whereas the concept ofwhereas the concept of resource poolresource pool. All resources. All resources

related to a request (memory, file handlers) arerelated to a request (memory, file handlers) are

allocated and handled through a dedicated resourceallocated and handled through a dedicated resource

pool. Further more, modules can define their ownpool. Further more, modules can define their own

sub-resource pools if they want to manage privatesub-resource pools if they want to manage private

resources in a similar manner with generalresources in a similar manner with general

resources.resources.

There is, however, something that might beThere is, however, something that might be

compared with announcing an event, namely is thecompared with announcing an event, namely is the

issuing of a sub-request by a module in order toissuing of a sub-request by a module in order to

"force" the core to perform some of the steps for a"force" the core to perform some of the steps for a

request on the sub-request (i.e. calling sequentiallyrequest on the sub-request (i.e. calling sequentially

handlers for each servicing phase). However this ishandlers for each servicing phase). However this is

not (conceptually) a proper event, because thenot (conceptually) a proper event, because the

issuing module does not announce something toissuing module does not announce something to

other (unknown to it) modules. It just a mean ofother (unknown to it) modules. It just a mean offorcing" an implicit invocation.forcing" an implicit invocation.

The table shows the result of benchmarking, with the in-dept clientThe table shows the result of benchmarking, with the in-dept client

accessing. For the same purpose of delivering better service asaccessing. For the same purpose of delivering better service as

shown with Sequoia.shown with Sequoia.


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2. Caudium Web Server


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Caudium Web Server Core Structure PROTOCOLMODULES MODULE _ LOGGER

MODULE _AUTH

MODULE _FIRST

MODULE _URL

MODULE _EXTENSION

MODULE _LOCATION

MODULE _FILE _EXTENSION MODULE _DIRECTORY

MODULE _TYPES

MODULE _LAST

MODULE _FILTER

ERRORMESSAGE

REQUEST RESPONSE


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Points to be considered before Migration orPoints to be considered before Migration orimplementing Caudium Web server!!implementing Caudium Web server!!


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Apache Caudium

Using SSI to displayUsing SSI to display tag. tag.

Using JavaScript to display a dateUsing JavaScript to display a date The tag actually is parsed by the server whereas JavaScript is parsed byThe tag actually is parsed by the server whereas JavaScript is parsed by

the client. Search Engines do not parse JavaScript, and therefore yourthe client. Search Engines do not parse JavaScript, and therefore your

JavaScript Date would not be recognized by the Search Engine.JavaScript Date would not be recognized by the Search Engine.

Using SSI to include files forUsing SSI to include files for

templatingtemplatingCaudium has the and tags which can be much more powerful thanCaudium has the and tags which can be much more powerful than

simply including a file through SSI. Caudium also caches the template files forsimply including a file through SSI. Caudium also caches the template files for

faster execution and page serving.faster execution and page serving.

SSI and exec cmdSSI and exec cmd Because of the way Caudium works, you may need to specify the full file path forBecause of the way Caudium works, you may need to specify the full file path for

exec cmd SSI statements.exec cmd SSI statements.

Using SSI for URL Based sessionUsing SSI for URL Based session

trackingtrackingThe GSession and 123Sessions module both provide easy to use session trackingThe GSession and 123Sessions module both provide easy to use session tracking

based on url or cookies. The result is a cleaner URL for hosts that acceptbased on url or cookies. The result is a cleaner URL for hosts that accept

cookies. GSession was engineered to be much more search engine friendlycookies. GSession was engineered to be much more search engine friendly

than 123Sessions, but maintains backwards compatibility and is an easy drop-than 123Sessions, but maintains backwards compatibility and is an easy drop-in replacement.in replacement.

Using JavaScript for Client capabilitiesUsing JavaScript for Client capabilities

detectiondetectionCaudium contains the supports database, which is passed through to CGI scriptsCaudium contains the supports database, which is passed through to CGI scripts

and can be accessed within RXML quite easily to make decisions based onand can be accessed within RXML quite easily to make decisions based on

Client capabilities.Client capabilities.

SSI to include events based on timeSSI to include events based on time

schedulesschedulesOne can write a module that includes content based on certain filters, or use theOne can write a module that includes content based on certain filters, or use the

RXML statements to display content based on dates, times, variables,RXML statements to display content based on dates, times, variables,

etc.etc.


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HTACCESS DifferencesHTACCESS Differences :: Caudium supports the NCSA Standards for .htaccess file construction.:: Caudium supports the NCSA Standards for .htaccess file construction.

As a result, any .htaccess that works in Apache, may not work in Caudium. Usually this involves addingAs a result, any .htaccess that works in Apache, may not work in Caudium. Usually this involves adding

and around the require valid-user statement in the .htaccess. and around the require valid-user statement in the .htaccess.

Along with that, Caudium has a few built in authentication methods so that the .htaccess file is not asAlong with that, Caudium has a few built in authentication methods so that the .htaccess file is not as

necessary. Authentication from MySQL/PostgreSQL and a number of other supported databases can benecessary. Authentication from MySQL/PostgreSQL and a number of other supported databases can be

done without needing .htaccess files.done without needing .htaccess files.

Mod_rewrite functionalityMod_rewrite functionality :::: When moving from Apache, mod_rewrite is the proverbial swissWhen moving from Apache, mod_rewrite is the proverbial swissarmy knife for URL manipulation. While that is the case, 95% of the uses for mod_rewrite have beenarmy knife for URL manipulation. While that is the case, 95% of the uses for mod_rewrite have been

handled with two modules that are included within the base distribution of Caudium.handled with two modules that are included within the base distribution of Caudium.

The first module is the ReferrerDeny module. This module blocks access to images based on theThe first module is the ReferrerDeny module. This module blocks access to images based on the

referrer sent by the remote client. Typically this is called 'hotlink' protection.referrer sent by the remote client. Typically this is called 'hotlink' protection.

The second module is the BrowserDeny module. This module blocks access to files based on theThe second module is the BrowserDeny module. This module blocks access to files based on the

UserAgent of the remote client. It is common to block automated site suckers, email address surfingUserAgent of the remote client. It is common to block automated site suckers, email address surfing

software, etc.software, etc.

If you need more complex rewriting of URLs, Caudium has the Rewrite module. This module doesn'tIf you need more complex rewriting of URLs, Caudium has the Rewrite module. This module doesn't

have support for multi-line rules like mod_rewrite, but does contain a number of advanced featureshave support for multi-line rules like mod_rewrite, but does contain a number of advanced features

that sometimes surpass mod_rewrite's capabilities.that sometimes surpass mod_rewrite's capabilities.

If the above solutions don't work, you can always write a custom module to handle your specificIf the above solutions don't work, you can always write a custom module to handle your specific

requirements, but in general, the first two modules will probably address 95% of the issues you mightrequirements, but in general, the first two modules will probably address 95% of the issues you might

run into while converting your site.run into while converting your site.


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PHP SupportPHP Support:: While there is PHP support in Caudium, you may find that RXML can do many of the:: While there is PHP support in Caudium, you may find that RXML can do many of the

things that you would use PHP for, and in many cases can provide an easier interface for certainthings that you would use PHP for, and in many cases can provide an easier interface for certain

functions. Creating tables from SQL output in Caudium is much easier than using PHP. However, forfunctions. Creating tables from SQL output in Caudium is much easier than using PHP. However, for

applications that need to be moved over, Caudium does support PHP.applications that need to be moved over, Caudium does support PHP.

CGI Support/PathInfoCGI Support/PathInfo:: Caudium provides full support for CGI scripts, and passes the supports:: Caudium provides full support for CGI scripts, and passes the supports

database information to the script as well. So your scripts can take advantage of the supportsdatabase information to the script as well. So your scripts can take advantage of the supports

functionality which will allow you to add extra capabilities to your scripts.functionality which will allow you to add extra capabilities to your scripts.

It is also very easy to write MODULE_LOCATIONs that are similar to .cgi scripts, but are resident andIt is also very easy to write MODULE_LOCATIONs that are similar to .cgi scripts, but are resident and

become part of the Caudium Server.become part of the Caudium Server.

Logging DifferencesLogging Differences:::: If you use a web log analyzer, the default format in Caudium may not beIf you use a web log analyzer, the default format in Caudium may not be

what you are looking for. Rotation of logs is a bit different too as you can specify the filename to log towhat you are looking for. Rotation of logs is a bit different too as you can specify the filename to log to

with certain macros. If you want to change the log format, within the Configuration Interface for yourwith certain macros. If you want to change the log format, within the Configuration Interface for your

server, click on, Configuration Interface, Server Variables, Logging, Format.server, click on, Configuration Interface, Server Variables, Logging, Format.

You may want to use the following format string which replicates the combined logging format fromYou may want to use the following format string which replicates the combined logging format from

apache.apache.

*: $host - $user [$cern_date] "$method $resource $protocol" $response $length "$referer"*: $host - $user [$cern_date] "$method $resource $protocol" $response $length "$referer"

"$agent_unquoted""$agent_unquoted"

Log file names can also be specified in the configuration interface. To maintain similar log file rotationLog file names can also be specified in the configuration interface. To maintain similar log file rotation

as apache, you don't need to change the name. If you want to use a separate log file for each day, youas apache, you don't need to change the name. If you want to use a separate log file for each day, you

can specify the log file name with an extension of .%y%m%d and it will create a new log file each daycan specify the log file name with an extension of .%y%m%d and it will create a new log file each daywith a yyyymmdd extension.with a yyyymmdd extension.


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3. Core Java Web Server


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ITEM Web Services CORBA

Protocol SOAP, HTTP, XML Schema IIOP, GIIOP

Location Identifiers URLs IOR, URL

Interface Specifications WSDL IDL

Naming Directory UDDI Naming Services, Interface Repository,Trader Service


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There is no portable, standard API for SOAP, so the developer is left in the dark about howThere is no portable, standard API for SOAP, so the developer is left in the dark about how

to map SOAP data to implementation data and vice versa. If you use a web services product for, say,to map SOAP data to implementation data and vice versa. If you use a web services product for, say,

Java from one vendor and then want to switch to a web service product for Java from another vendor,Java from one vendor and then want to switch to a web service product for Java from another vendor,

you get to rewrite all your code, because the new vendors toolkit and API are different.you get to rewrite all your code, because the new vendors toolkit and API are different.

There isThere is no single wayno single way to map your programs objects and data model to SOAP and vice-to map your programs objects and data model to SOAP and vice-versa. There is no such thing as a language and platform independent interface and object modelversa. There is no such thing as a language and platform independent interface and object model

specification language as CORBAs IDL (Interface Definition Language) together with the standardizedspecification language as CORBAs IDL (Interface Definition Language) together with the standardized

programming language mappings.programming language mappings.

Consider the following counter argument to the statement from the paragraph title:Consider the following counter argument to the statement from the paragraph title:

Widespread support for the WSDL standard means you won't have to, just feed the WSDL to the newWidespread support for the WSDL standard means you won't have to, just feed the WSDL to the new

vendor's system.vendor's system. This is not true:This is not true: WSDL doesn't describeWSDL doesn't describe implementationimplementation, does it? So, even with a, does it? So, even with a

WSDL compiler, the best I could hope for is standardized APIs for interacting with a particular webWSDL compiler, the best I could hope for is standardized APIs for interacting with a particular web

service. But I still won't get standardized APIs for interacting with other parts of the run time, do I?service. But I still won't get standardized APIs for interacting with other parts of the run time, do I?There is more to a language mapping than just translating interface definitions!There is more to a language mapping than just translating interface definitions!

Furthermore, CORBA has had the fully portable POA (Portable Object Adapter) specificationFurthermore, CORBA has had the fully portable POA (Portable Object Adapter) specification

for years. Not only the client code you write, but also thefor years. Not only the client code you write, but also the serverservercode (where you implement and servecode (where you implement and serve

the distributed objects) is portable across ORBthe distributed objects) is portable across ORB


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CLIENT

JAVAOBJECTS

JAVA

RuntimeORB

Proxy

SERVER

ORB

Object

Java object invoking through a remote Method.Java object invoking through a remote Method.

IIOP


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CLIENT

LOCAL / Remote

HOME Interface

LOCAL / Remote

HOME Interface

EJB Home /

EJB LocalHOME

EJB Object /

EJB LocalObject

Bean

Instance

Use JNDI lookup toget a reference to theEJB Home/ EJB LocalObject

Use the HomeInterface to create anew instance of the

bean.

Invoke business methodsdefined in the remote /local Interface.

The container contains anew EJB Object/ EJB localObject that has beaninstance associated withit.


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APACHE Http 2.0 Web Server

Benchmark Results


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APACHE Http 2.0 Web Server

Benchmark Results

5

5.2

5.45.6

5.8

6

6.2

6.4

6.6

5 10 50 100 200 400

Filesize: 100

Filesize: 1024

Filesize: 1900


Concurrency :: Time taken / sec

1400

1450

1500

1550

16001650

1700

1750

1800

1850

5 10 50 100 200 400

Filesize: 100

Filesize: 1024

Filesize: 1900

Concurrency :: Request / sec


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Caudium Web Server

Benchmark Results


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Caudium Web Server

Benchmark Results

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

5 10 50 100 200 400

Filesize: 100

Filesize: 1024

Filesize: 1900

Concurrency :: Time taken /sec

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

5 10 50 100 200 400

Filesize: 100

Filesize: 1024

Filesize:1900

Concurrency :: Request/sec



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Caudium Web Server

Benchmark Results


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

5 10 50 100 200 400

Filesize: 100

Filesize: 1024

Filesize: 1900

Concurrency :: Transfer rate (kb/s received)


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CORE Java Web Server (JWS)

Benchmark Results

CGI / Sevlet Benchmark Raw DataCGI / Sevlet Benchmark Raw Data

No. of ThreadsNo. of Threads CGICGI ServletServlet

11 731731 390390

55 2,1512,151 259259

1010 9,3529,352 778778

2020 8,0008,000 3,2843,284

3030 28,37928,379 12,85212,852

4040 45,37745,377 17,01717,017

5050 86,88586,885 44,34944,349

0

1 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0

3 0 0 0 0

4 0 0 0 0

5 0 0 0 0

6 0 0 0 07 0 0 0 0

8 0 0 0 0

9 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0

1Th

read

5Thre

ads

10Thre

ads

20Thre

ads

30Thre

ads

40Thre

ads

50Thre

ads

C G IG B

S lo w G

F a s tG


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Benchmark Result :: Apache vs Caudium

Concurrency :: Request / sec

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

5 10 50 100 200 400

Filesize: 100 Apache Filesize: 1024 Apache Filesize: 1900 Apache

Filesize: 100 Caudium Filesize: 1024 Caudium Filesize:1900 Caudium


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Concurrency :: Transfer Rate (kb/s Received)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

5 10 50 100 200 400




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Concurrency :: Time Taken (Seconds)

0

1

2

3

45

6

7

5 10 50 100 200 400



CORBA & RMI (IIOP)

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