Copyright Robert Fremland 2006 Chemical Nomenclature Writing names from formulas and formulas from...

Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Chemical Nomenclature

Writing names from formulas and formulas from names


Chemical NomenclatureName to Formula

Types of Compounds

Ionic

Contains a metal or a polyatomic ion

Name ions

Covalent

Binary compound with two nonmetals

Acids

H____(aq)

Name has word, acid, in it

Like ionic compound where H is the metal

Representative metals

(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag)Charge = group #

Name = element name Ca2+ = calcium ion

Transition metals(All others)

Charge given (in Roman numerals) in name

Metal name(charge)Fe3+ = iron (III)

Nonmetal Ions

Monatomic

Charge = group # - 8Name = stemide

S2- = sulfide

Polyatomic ions

MEMORIZE

NO CHARGESName has number of each element in the compoundPrefix-first element prefix-

secondideP2O5= diphosphorus

pentoxide

Binary Acids

HX(aq)Hydro-x-ic acid

HI(aq) = hydroiodic acid

OxyacidsH—polyatomic ion

Name depends on name of polyatomic ion

If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid

If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid

chlorate = ClO3-

choric acid = HClO3(aq)

chlorite = ClO2-

chlorous acid = HClO2(aq)


Determine the Type of Compound

• 3 Types of Compounds– Ionic– Covalent– Acids


Types of compounds

Types of Compounds

Ionic


Name ions

Covalent


Acids

H____(aq)




Identifying Ionic CompoundsName to formula

• Contain a metal or a polyatomic ion– Identifying metals

• Use name to find symbol, find on periodic table (left and below stairstep)

– Identifying polyatomic ions• KNOW IONS• End in ---ate or ---ite with few exceptions

– Cyanide CN-

– Hydroxide OH-

– Peroxide O22-

– Ammonium NH4+


All of the following are ionic

• strontium sulfide– Stronium (Sr) is a metal

• cobalt (II) arsenide– Cobalt (Co) is a metal

• cesium phosphate– Cesium (Cs) is a metal and phosphate is a

polyatomic ion

• ammonium sulfate– Ammonium and sulfate are polyatomic ions


Types of compounds

Types of Compounds

Ionic


Name ions

Covalent


Acids

H____(aq)




Identifying Covalent Compounds

Covalent compounds are made from two nonmetals

Name to formula– Determine symbols from names

• Check on the periodic table • (Nonmetals are to the right and above the stairstep

line)


All of the following are covalent

• carbon disulfide: carbon(C) and sulfur (S) are nonmetals

• sulfur hexafluoride: sulfur (S) and fluorine(F) are nonmetals

• dinitrogen pentoxide: nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) are

nonmetals


Types of compounds

Types of Compounds

Ionic


Name ions

Covalent


Acids

H____(aq)




Identifying Acids

• Name to Formula– Acids have the word “acid” in the name

• All of the Following are Acids– hydrochloric acid– sulfuric acid– nitric acid


Identifying Compound Type from Name

• For each of the following, determine if it is ionic, an acid, or covalent: – A. ammonium sulfide– B. cesium chloride– C. nitrogen triiodide– D. telluric acid

Answers


Types of compounds

Types of Compounds

Ionic


Name ions

Covalent


Acids

H____(aq)




Determining Formulas of Ionic Compounds

4 types of ions• Representative metal ions• Transition and post transitional metal ions

– All others

• Monatomic nonmetal ions• Polyatomic ions


Chemical NomenclatureIonic Compounds

Ionic


Name Ions


(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag)

Charge = group #



Nonmetal Ions

Monatomic


Polyatomic ions

MEMORIZE

• back to 31


Representative Metal Ions• Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag• Charge = group number• Name = element name

– Barium ion: Ba, Ba is in group IIA, so charge is +2

Ba2+

– Aluminum ion: Al, Al is in group IIIA, so charge is +3

Al3+

– Zinc ion: Zn, Zn is in group IIB, so charge is +2

Zn2+


Find the charges of the following ions

• calcium ion

• cadmium ion

• potassium ion

• gallium ion

• Answers



Ionic


Name Ions



Charge = group #



Nonmetal Ions

Monatomic


Polyatomic ions

MEMORIZE


Transition metal ions

• All other metals – (includes post-transitional metals…IVA, VA,

VIA)– Form >1 ion

• Name is metal name (charge)– Charge is in Roman numerals


Transition metal Ions

Ion Name: Symbol and Charge

iron(II) Fe2+

tin(IV) Sn4+

tin(II) Sn2+

chromium(VI) Cr6+



Ionic


Name Ions



Charge = group #



Nonmetal Ions

Monatomic


Polyatomic ions

MEMORIZE


Nonmetal Ions

• Monatomic

• Charge = group # - 8

Ion name Group # Charge Symbol

oxide 6 (6 - 8) = -2 O2-

phosphide 5 (5 - 8) = -3 P3-

iodide 7 (7 - 8) = -1 I-


Determine the charges on the following ions

• Sulfide

• Nitride

• Chloride

• Carbide

Answers



Ionic


Name Ions



Charge = group #



Nonmetal Ions

Monatomic


Polyatomic ions

MEMORIZE


Memorize These Polyatomic Ions

Chemistry 152 List of Polyatomic Ions to be Memorized

Name Ion Name Ion

phosphate PO43- carbonate CO3

2-

hydrogen phosphate HPO42- hydrogen carbonate HCO3

-

dihydrogen phosphate H2PO4- nitrate NO3

-

permanganate MnO4- nitrite NO2

-

dichromate Cr2O72- acetate C2H3O2

-

chromate CrO42- oxalate C2O4

2-

perchlorate ClO4- borate BO3

3-

chlorate ClO3- hydroxide OH-

chlorite ClO2- cyanide CN-

hypochlorite ClO- thiocyanate SCN-

periodate IO4- peroxide O2

2-

iodate IO3- ammonium NH4

+

iodite IO2- mercury(I) Hg2

2+

hypoiodite IO-

arsenate AsO43-

sulfate SO42-

sulfite SO32-

hydrogen sulfate HSO4-

thiosulfate S2O32-


Putting Ions Together

• Charges have to cancel– Multiply ions by some “multiplier” to bring

charges to least common multiple (LCM)– multiplier becomes subscript


Determine the formula for a compound made from Fe 3+ and SO4

2-

Ion Multiplier LCM

Fe3+ X 2 = 6

SO42- X 3 = -6

0Sum of the charges is zeroThe multipliers become the subscripts and the formula is:

Fe2(SO4)3


Determine the formulas of the following ionic compounds

• potassium sulfide

• calcium phosphate

• lead (IV) chloride

• ammonium nitrate


Formulas of Ionic Compounds from names

potassium sulfide:symbols: K, Scharges: K: group 1 metal ==> K+

S: group VI nonmetal ==> s2-

putting together K+ X 2 = 2S2- X 1 = -2 formula = K2S

calcium phosphate:symbols: Ca, PO4

3-

charges: Ca: group II metal ==> Ca2+

PO43- : polyatomic ion ==> PO4

3-

putting together Ca 2+ X 3 = 6PO4

3- X 2 = -6 formula = Ca3(PO4)2


Formulas of Ionic Compounds from names

lead(IV)chloride:symbols: Pb, Clcharges: Pb: post - transition metal

name says charge is 4 ==> Pb4+

Cl: nonmetal in group VII ==> Cl-

putting togetherPb4+ X 1 = 4

Cl- X 4 = -4 formula = PbCl4

ammonium nitrate:symbols: both polyatomic ions so elements and charges

ammonium = NH4+

nitrate = NO3-

putting togetherNH4

+ X 1 = 1NO3

- X 1 = -1 formula = NH4NO3


Determine the formulas for the following ionic compounds

• sodium oxide• barium hydroxide• cobalt (II) iodide • ammonium sulfate

• Name to Formula Chart

• answers


Types of compounds

Types of Compounds

Ionic


Name ions

Covalent


Acids

H____(aq)




Covalent Compounds

• Binary Compounds between 2 nonmetals

• NO CHARGES– All bonds are covalent– Difficult to predict how will combine

• Name tells formula– Prefix first element prefix second-ide

• Prefixes are mono, di, tri, tetra, penta etc


Covalent CompoundsExamples

carbon disulfide CS2

sulfur hexafluoride SF6

dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5


Determine the formulas of the following covalent compounds

• carbon tetrabromide

• sulfur difluoride

• dichlorine heptoxide

• Answers


Types of compounds

Types of Compounds

Ionic


Name ions

Covalent


Acids

H____(aq)




Acid NomenclatureAcids

H____(aq)Name has word, acid, in it


Binary Acids





If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acidIf ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid

chlorate = ClO3-


chlorite = ClO2-



Two Types of Acids

• Binary– Only two elements– HX– Name is hydro x ic acid

• Example: hydrochloric acid = HCl(aq)

• Oxyacids– Nonbinary– Contain a polyatomic ion

• H-polyatomic (with appropriate subscripts)


Determine if the following acids are binary or oxyacids

• Hydrobromic acid

• Iodic acid

• Nitrous acid

• Hydroiodic acid

• Phosphoric acid

• answers


Formulas of Binary acids

• An acid is like an ionic compound where the metal is H– H has a +1 charge

• Determine the formulas of the following binary acids– Hydroiodic acid– Hydrobromic acid– Hydrosulfuric acid– answers





Binary Acids






chlorate = ClO3-


chlorite = ClO2-



Oxyacids (nonbinary)

• H__polyatomic ion

• Number of H on acid will be the same as the charge on the ion

Ion Acid

ClO3- HClO3(aq)

SO42- H2SO4(aq)

PO43- H3PO4(aq)


Acid name related to name of polyatomic ion

• If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid

• If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid

chlorate = ClO3- , HClO3 (aq) = chloric

acid

chlorite = ClO2- , HClO2(aq) = chlorous acid


Write the formulas of the following acids

• iodic acid

• carbonic acid

• phosphorous acid

• answers


Determine the formulas of the following

• magnesium nitride

• iron (III) acetate

• sulfur dioxide

• hydrofluoric acid

• nitrous acid

• Answers


Chemical NomenclatureFormula to Name

Types of Compounds

Ionic


Name ions

Covalent


Acids

H____(aq)




(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag)Charge = group #

Name = element name Ca2+ = calcium ion



Metal name(charge)Fe3+ = iron (III)

Nonmetal Ions

Monatomic


S2- = sulfide

Polyatomic ions

MEMORIZE

NO CHARGESName has number of each element in the compoundPrefix-first element prefix-

secondideP2O5= diphosphorus

pentoxide

Binary Acids





If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid

If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid

chlorate = ClO3-


chlorite = ClO2-



Determine the Type of Compound

• 3 Types of Compounds– Ionic– Covalent– Acids


Types of compounds

Types of Compounds

Ionic


Name ions

Covalent


Acids

H____(aq)




Identifying Ionic Compounds, Formula to Name

• Contain a metal or polyatomic ion– Identifying metals

• Look for symbol of metal

– Identifying polyatomic ions• KNOW IONS• All contain > 1 atom• Compounds containing polyatomic ions will have at

least three elements


All of the following are ionic

• FeCl3: Fe is a metal• NaBr: Na is a metal• Cr(NO3)3: Cr is a metal and NO3 is a

polyatomic ion• MgCO3: Mg is a metal and CO3 is a

polyatomic ion• Ni(C2H3O2)2: Ni is a metal and C2H3O2 is a

polyatomic ion• NH4I : NH4 is a polyatomic ion


Types of compounds

Types of Compounds

Ionic


Name ions

Covalent


Acids

H____(aq)




Identifying Covalent Compounds

Covalent compounds are made from two nonmetals

Formula to Name– Check positions of the symbols on the

periodic table


All of the following are covalent

• PCl3: P and Cl are nonmetals

• SeO2: Se and O are nonmetals

• CCl4: C and Cl are nonmetals


Types of compounds

Types of Compounds

Ionic


Name ions

Covalent


Acids

H____(aq)




Identifying Acids

Formula to name– All acids begin with H and are aqueous,

therefore they have the subscript (aq)• H_____(aq)


All of the Following are Acids

• HI(aq)

• H3PO4(aq)

• HC2H3O2(aq)


Identifying Compound Type from Formula

For each of the following, determine if it is ionic, an acid, or covalent:

MoF6

CaCO3

HI(aq)

CSe2

Answers


Determining Names of Ionic Compounds

Name ions

4 types of ions• Representative metal ions• Transition and post transitional metal ions

– All others

• Monatomic nonmetal ions• Polyatomic ions



Ionic


Name Ions



Name = element name



Nonmetal Ions

Monatomic


Polyatomic ions

MEMORIZE


Representative Metal Ions

• Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag• Charge = group number• Name = element name

– Ba2+ Barium ion:

– Al3+ Aluminum ion

– Zn2+ Zinc ion


Name the following representative metal ions

• Na+

• Cd2+

• Sr2+

• answers



Ionic


Name Ions



Name = element name


Name = name (charge)(Charge in Roman

numerals)

Nonmetal Ions

Monatomic


Polyatomic ions

MEMORIZE


Transition metal ions

• All other metals – (includes post-transitional metals…IVA, VA,

VIA)– Form >1 ion

• Name is metal name (charge)– Charge is in Roman numerals


Transition metal Ions

Ion Name: Symbol and Charge

iron(II) Fe2+

tin(IV) Sn4+

tin(II) Sn2+

chromium(VI) Cr6+


Determining names of transition metal ions from formulas

Have to look at what it is combined with:

FeBr2

Ions: Fe = transition metal: iron( x ) (We need to determine the charge.)

Br = nonmetal ion:

We need to determine the charge on the iron. We can do this by looking at what it is combined with as below where x represents the charge on the iron. We use the same method we used to determine formulas. We find the least common multiple. Here we have the multipliers (subscripts)

Ion subscript LCMFex X 1 =Br- X 2 = -2

Since the charge on the bromine is -1 and there are two of them, the LCM must be 2.

Ion subscript LCMFex X 1 = 2Br- X 2 = -2

The total charge from the iron must be 2. Since there is only 1 iron ion, the charge on that ion (x) must be +2 so it is

iron (II).


Determine the names of the transition metals in the following

• V3(PO4)5

• Sn(CO3)2

• answers



Ionic


Name Ions



Name = element name



numerals)

Nonmetal Ions

Monatomic


Polyatomic ions

MEMORIZE


Names of Nonmetal ions

Name = stem---ide

Symbol Ion Name

O2- oxide

P3- phosphide

I- iodide


Name the following nonmetal ions

• As3-

• S2-

• F-

• answers



Ionic


Name Ions



Name = element name



numerals)

Nonmetal Ions

Monatomic


Polyatomic ions

MEMORIZE


Name the following ionic compounds

• SrI2

• Al2(SO4)3

• Cr2O3

• Ti3(PO4)4


Names of Ionic CompoundsSrI2

Ions: Sr = representative metal: strontium I = nonmetal ion: iodide

strontium iodide

Al2(SO4)3

Ions: Al = representative metal: aluminumSO4

2- = polyatomic ion: sulfatealuminum sulfate

Cr2O3

Ions: Cr = transition metal: chromium( ) (Here, we need to determine the charge.)

O = nonmetal ion: oxidechromium( ) oxide

To finish, we need to determine the charge on the chromium as before

Ion subscript LCMCrx X 2 =O2- X 3 = -6

Since the charge on the oxygen is -2 and there are three of them, the LCM must be 6.

Ion subscript LCMCrx X 2 = 6O2- X 3 = -6

The total charge from the chromium must be 6. Since there are 2 chromium ions, the charge on the ions (x) must be +3 so it is chromium (III). The name is, therefore,

chromium(III)oxide:


Names of Ionic CompoundsTi3(PO4)4

ions: Ti: transition metal: titanium( ) PO4

3- polyatomic ion: phosphate

Like we did for the last example:

Ion subscript LCMTix X 3 = PO4

3- X 4 = -12

The LCM must be 15 and the charge on the titanium must be 12/3 = 4. The name of the ion is titanium(IV) as shown below:

Ion subscript LCMTi+4 X 3 = 12 PO4

3- X 4 = -12

So, the name will be: titanium(IV)phosphate


Name the following ionic compounds

• CaCl2• Sr(C2H3O2)2

• FeBr2

• V3(PO4)5

• answers


Types of compounds

Types of Compounds

Ionic


Name ions

Covalent


Acids

H____(aq)




Covalent Compounds

• Binary Compounds between 2 nonmetals

• Formula tells name – Prefix first element prefix secondide

• Prefixes are mono, di, tri, tetra, penta etc• Prefixes are subscripts


Covalent CompoundsExamples

CO carbon monoxide

SCl6 sulfur hexachloride

N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide


Name the following:

• CO2

• PCl3

• N2O

• answers


Types of compounds

Types of Compounds

Ionic


Name ions

Covalent


Acids

H____(aq)







Binary Acids






chlorate = ClO3-


chlorite = ClO2-



Two Types of Acids

• Binary– Only two elements– HX– Name is hydro x ic acid

• Example: hydrochloric acid = HCl

• Oxyacids– Nonbinary– Contain a polyatomic ion

• H-polyatomic (with appropriate subscripts)


Names of Binary acids

• Formula is HX• Name is hydro x ic acid

– Example, HCl is hydrochloric acid

• Determine the names of the following binary acids– HF(aq)

– HI(aq)

– H2Se(aq)

– answers





Binary Acids






chlorate = ClO3-


chlorite = ClO2-



Oxyacid Nomenclature

• Acid name related to name of polyatomic ion

• If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid

• If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid

chlorate = ClO3- , HClO3(aq) = chloric acid

chlorite = ClO2- , HClO2(aq) = chlorous acid


Find the names of the following:

• H2SO4(aq)

– Ion is SO42-,which is sulfate.

• Acid is sulfuric acid

• HClO(aq)

– Ion is ClO-, which is hypochlorite.• Acid is hypochlorous acid


Name the following acids

• H3PO4(aq)

• H2SO3(aq)

• HBrO4(aq)

• answers


Name the following

• NaI

• MnO2

• N2H4

• CaCO3

• HIO4(aq)

• BaNa2

• answers


Type of Compound From Name

• Ammonium sulfide: ammonium (NH4+) is a

polyatomic ion: ionic

• Cesium chloride: cesium (Cs) is a metal: ionic

• Nitrogen triiodide: nitrogen (N) and iodine (I) are nonmetals:

covalent• Telluric acid: has the word "acid" in the

name:acid

Back


Charges on representative metal ions

• calcium ion: calcium is in group IIA : Ca2+

• cadmium ion: cadmium is in group IIB Cd2+

• potassium ion: potassium is in group IA: K+

• Gallium ion: gallium is in group IIIA:Ga3+

• Back


Charges on nonmetal ions

• Sulfide: group VI 6 – 8 = -2 S2-

• Nitride: group V 5 – 8 = -3N3-

• Chloride group VII 7 – 8 = -1Cl-

• Carbide group IV 4 – 8 = -4C4-

back


Formulas of Ionic Compounds from names (Answers)

sodium oxide:symbols: Na, Ocharges: Na: group 1 metal ==> Na+

O: group VI nonmetal ==> O2-

putting together Na+ X 2 = 2 O 2- X 1 = -2 formula = Na2O

barium hydroxide:symbols: Ba, OH-

charges: Ba: group II metal ==> Ba2+

OH: polyatomic ion ==> OH-

putting together Ba 2+ X 1 = 2OH- X 2 = -2 formula =

Ba(OH)2


Formulas of Ionic Compounds from names (Answers)

cobalt(II)iodide:symbols: Co, Icharges: Co: transition metal

name says charge is 2 ==> Co2+

I: nonmetal in group VII ==> I-

putting togetherCo2+ X 1 = 2

I- X 2 = -2 formula = CoI2

ammonium sulfate:symbols: both polyatomic ions so elements and charges

ammonium = NH4+

sulfate = SO42-

putting togetherNH4

+ X 2 = 2back SO4

2- X 1 = -2 formula = (NH4)2SO4


Covalent Compounds from Names

• carbon tetrabromide: 1 carbon, 4 bromine

CBr4

• sulfur difluoride: 1 sulfur, 2 fluorine SF2

• dichlorine heptoxide: 2 chlorine, 7 oxygen Cl2O7

• back


Binary acid or not

• Hydrobromic acid; has “hydro” in it– binary

• Iodic acid; doesn’t have “hydro” in it– not binary

• Nitrous acid; doesn’t have “hydro” in it– not binary

• Hydroiodic acid, has “hydro” in it– binary

• Phosphoric acid, doesn’t have “hydro” in it– not binary

• back


Formulas for binary acids

• Hydroiodic acid– Other ion is iodine…I-1 HI(aq)

• Hydrobromic acid– Other ion is bromine…Br-1 HBr(aq)

• Hydrosulfuric acid– Other ion is sulfur…S2- H2S(aq)

• back


Formulas of Oxyacids

• Iodic acid – from iodate, IO3

- since only one negative charge, we need only one H, acid is HIO3(aq)

• carbonic acid – from carbonate, CO3

2-, since there are 2 negative charges, we need 2 H, acid is H2CO3(aq)

• phosphorous acid – from phosphite, PO3

3- since there are 3 negative charges, we need 3 H, acid is H3PO3(aq)

• back


Name to Formula Answersmagnesium nitride: Magnesium is a metal so this is an ionic

compound.

magnesium ==> Mg ==> Mg2+

Mg3N2nitride ==> N ==> N3-

iron(III)acetate: Iron is a transition metal so this is an ionic compound.

iron(III) ==> Fe3+

Fe(C2H3O2)3

acetate ==> C2H3O2-


Name to Formula Answerssulfur dioxide: Both sulfur and oxygen are nonmetals so this is a covalent compound.

There is one sulfur and two oxygens.

SO2

hydrofluoric acid: Since it begins with "hydro" it is a binary acid so there are only hydrogen and fluorine.

H ==> H+

HF(aq)F ==> F-

Nitrous acid: This is not a binary acid. It is an oxyacid. Since the acid name ends in ous acid, the ion must have been nitrite, NO2

-. We have NO2- and H+

H+

HNO2(aq)

NO2-

back


Type of Compound From Formula

• MoF6: Mo (molybdenum) is a metal: ionic

• CaCO3: Ca (calcium) is a metal: ionic

• HI(aq) : begins with H and is aqueous: acid

• CSe2 : C (carbon) and Se (selenium) are nonmetals:

covalent

Back


Names of representative metal ions

• Na+ sodium ion

• Cd2+ cadmium ion

• Sr2+ strontium ion

• back


Names of Transition metal ionsV3(PO4)5

ions: V: transition metal: vanadium( )

PO43- : polyatomic ion

Ion subscript LCMVx X 3 = PO4

3- X 5 = -15

The LCM must be 15 and the charge on the vanadium must be 15/3 = 5 as shown below:

Ion subscript LCMV+5 X 3 = 15 PO4

3- X 5 = -15

The charge on vanadium is +5 so the name of the vanadium ion is:

vanadium(V)


Names of Transition metal ionsSn(CO3)2

ions: Sn: post-transition metal: tin( )

CO32- : polyatomic ion

Ion subscript LCMSnx X 1 = CO3

2- X 2 = -4

The LCM must be 4 and the charge on the tin must be 4/1 = 4 as shown below:

Ion subscript LCMSn+4 X 1 = 4 CO3

2- X 2 = -4

The charge on tin is +4 so the name of the tin ion is:

tin(IV)

back


Names of nonmetal ions

• Name = stem---ide

• As3- arsenide

• S2- sulfide

• F- fluoride

• back


Names of ionic compounds (Answers)

CaCl2:Ions: Ca = representative metal: calcium

Cl = nonmetal ion: chloride

calcium chloride

Sr(C2H3O2)2:Ions: Sr = representative metal: strontium

C2H3O2 = polyatomic ion: acetate

strontium acetate


Names of ionic compounds (Answers)

FeBr2

Ions: Fe = transition metal: iron( )Br = nonmetal ion: bromide

iron( ) bromideDetermining the charge on the iron.

Ion subscript LCMFex X 1 = 2Br- X 2 = -2

The total charge from the iron must be 2. Since there is only 1 iron ion, the charge on that ion (x) must be +2 so it is iron (II). The name is, therefore,

iron(II)bromideV3(PO4)5

ions: V: transition metal: vanadium( )PO4

3-: polyatomic ion: phosphateLike we did for the last example:

Ion subscript LCMVx X 3 = 15 PO4

3- X 5 = -15

The total charge from the vanadium must be15. Since there are 3 vanadiums, the charge on the ions must be15/3 = 5 so the name of the ions is vanadium (V) and the name of the compound is:

vanadium(V) phosphate

back


Names of Covalent Compounds

• CO2 : one carbon and 2 oxygens ==> carbon dioxide

• PCl3: one phosphorus, 3 chlorines ==>phosphorus trichloride

• N2O: two nitrogen, one oxygen ==>dinitrogen monoxide

• back


Names of Binary Acids

• HF(aq) = hydrofluoric acid

• HI(aq) = hydroiodic acid

• H2Se(aq) = hyroselenic acid

• back


Names of oxyacids

• H3PO4(aq)

– PO43- is phosphate so the acid is phosphoric

acid

• H2SO3(aq)

– SO32- is sulfite so the acid is sulfurous acid

• HBrO4(aq)

– BrO4- is perbromate so the acid is perbromic

acid

• back


Names from formulas• NaI:

– Na is a representative metal. This is an ionic compound. Since sodium is a representative metal, we don't have to specify its charge. Iodine is nonmetal ion.

sodium iodide• MnO2:

– Manganese is a transition metal. This is an ionic compound. Because manganese is a transition metal, we have to determine its charge. Oxygen has a charge of -2 and there are 2 of them, so there is a total of -4 in the compound. Therefore, the manganese must be +4. Oxygen is nonmetal ion.

manganese (IV) oxide• N2H4:

– N and H are both nonmetals and there are 2 (di) nitrogens and 4 (tetra) hydrogens.

dinitrogen tetrahydride


Names from formulas

• CaCO3: – Calcium is a representative metal and CO32- is a

polyatomic ion.

calcium carbonate • HIO4(aq):

– This is an acid. It contains a polyatomic ion...IO4- which

is periodate

periodic acid• BaNa2 : two metals?..

try writing it BaNaNa…or perhaps Banana…..It’s a banana! Ha! Ha! Ha!

Copyright Robert Fremland 2006 Chemical Nomenclature Writing names from formulas and formulas from...

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