Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit. What is Creativity? The creation of the new and the...

Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit


What is Creativity?

The creation of the new and the rearranging of the old in different & new ways.

The process of producing something original and valuable.


What is Creativity?“Any act, idea or product that changes an existing domain, or that transforms an existing domain into a new one”.


What is Creativity?“The ability to produce work that is both novel and appropriate”.

Novel product: a product that is original and not predicted.


Components of Creativity

1- Intellectual Ability2- Knowledge3- Thinking Styles4- Personality5- Motivation 6- Environment7- Confluence of Components


1 -Intellectual Abilities

The High-level Abilities of:

Problem DefinitionUseful Problem PresentationProblem-Solving Strategy Selection Effective Evaluation of Ideas


2 -Knowledge

Importance of Knowledge for Creativity?

Helps to Recognize and Understand the Problem Nature

Prevents Rediscovery of Old Ideas


2 -Knowledge (Cont.)

Helps a Person to:Know where he/she stands.Produce High-Quality Work.Make Use of Chance Occurrences as a Source of Ideas.

Concentrate his/her Cognitive Resources on the Processing of New Ideas.


3 -Thinking Styles

Preferred Ways of applying one’s Intellectual Abilities and Knowledge to a problem.

Two may have equal levels of intelligence, but differ on how they focus their abilities on a task.


4 -Personality

5 Personality Traits for Creativity:Tolerance of Ambiguity:Provides time for difficult problem aspects to be resolved.Perseverance:Facing obstacles for creative products to occur.


4 -Personality (Cont.)

Openness to New Experiences:Willingness to try new ideas.Willingness to Take Risks:No pain no gain.Courage and Belief in oneself:Creative ideas need Independence of Judgment and Self-esteem to grow.


5 -Motivation

Intrinsic Motivators:Internally generated desires that are satisfied by talk completion.

Extrinsic Motivators:Rewards that the environment offers (e.g. money, job advancement, praise).


6 -Environment

Physical/Social Conditions:Surrounding environment, freedom over one’s work, sufficient time to think, sufficient resources to develop ideas.

Role Models


Stages of Creative Thought

OrientationOrientation: Defining the problemPreparationPreparation: Gaining as much information

as possibleIncubationIncubation: The problem, while not

appearing to be actively worked on, is still “cooking” in the background

IlluminationIllumination: The “a-ha” experience; rapid insight into the solution

VerificationVerification: Testing and critically evaluating the solution


A Creative Person Is.……

Someone whose thoughts or actions change a domain or establish a new domain.

A domain cannot be changed without the explicit/implicit consent of a field responsible for it.


Creative PersonalityCreative Personality

Smarter people have a slight tendency to be more creative

Creative people usually have a greater than average range of knowledge and interests

Creative people have openness to experienceCreative people value independence and

have a preference for complex things


Individual Traits & Creative Ideas

1. Intelligence2. Independence3. Self-confidence4. Risk taking5. Internal Locus of control6. Tolerance for ambiguity7. Perseverance in the face of

frustration


Use Both Sides of Your Brain

Left SideLanguage basedLogical, seriousRational, linearDetailed approachCenter of analysisSequencing of information

Right SideVisual image basedIntuitive, playfulInsightful, spontaneousHolistic approachCenter of imaginationCreativityColor and the arts


Study Styles

Left BrainNeat, organized areaDaily schedulesOne project at a timeStudy aloneStudy consistentlyPlan studying

Right BrainCluttered deskFlexible study timesJump from one project to anotherStudy with othersStudy in bursts of energyCram at the end


Culture

Person Experts

Elements of

Creativity


Three Elements of Creativity

A culture that contains symbolic rules.

A person who brings novelty into the symbolic domain.

A field of experts who recognize and validate the innovation.


What is a Problem?

A problem exists when there is a discrepancy between an initial state and a goal state, and there is no ready-made solution for the problem solver.


What is Problem-Solving?

Primarily a way of thinking, analyzing a situation, or using certain reasoning skills not learnt through the memorization of specific facts; but by immersing one self in the problem-solving process and applying both past experience & knowledge to solve the problem at hand.


Problem-Solving IsA tool, means of thinking and philosophy.IT is the predisposition to learn from every available opportunity to get the optimum that can be gleaned from the experience.


Other Root Cause Analysis Techniques

Force Field Analysis – Visually show forces that impact your problem or issue

Scatter Diagrams – Graphs the relationship of two variables – quantifies the correlation, showing how one variable influences another

Process Mapping – Maps the “as is” flow of activities that make up a process – look for excessive handoffs, redundancies, and other root causes of inefficiencies

Benchmarking – Compares existing performance to another internal or external source, identifies issues not otherwise revealed through other techniques

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Problem-Solving Is

“What you do When you

do not Know What to do”


So the six hats are?…

Six colors of hats for six types of thinkingEach hat identifies a type of thinkingHats are directions of thinking

Hats help a group use parallel thinkingYou can “put on” and “take off” a hat


Uses for Six Hats

Problem solving Strategic planningRunning meetingsMuch more


Six colors and six hats1.1.White:White:neutral, objective objective facts& figuresneutral, objective objective facts& figures

2.2.RedRed: emotional, angry,emotional, angry, emotions & emotions & feelingsfeelings,,

3.3.BlackBlack: serious, somber: serious, somber cautious & careful,

4.4.YellowYellow: sunny, positivesunny, positive hope, positive hope, positive & speculative& speculative, ,

5.5.GreenGreen: growth, fertilitygrowth, fertility creativity, ideas & creativity, ideas & lateral thinkinglateral thinking, ,

6.6.BlueBlue: cool, sky above, cool, sky above, control & control & organization of thinkingorganization of thinking


General hat issuesDirection, not descriptionDirection, not description

Set out to think in a certain directionSet out to think in a certain direction

““Let’s have some black hat thinking…”Let’s have some black hat thinking…”

Not categories of peopleNot categories of people

Not: “He’s a black hat thinker.”Not: “He’s a black hat thinker.”

Everyone can and should use all the hatsEveryone can and should use all the hats

A constructive form of showing offA constructive form of showing off

Show off by being a better thinkerShow off by being a better thinker

Not destructive (right vs. wrong) argumentNot destructive (right vs. wrong) argument

Use in whole or in partUse in whole or in part


Benefits of Six Thinking Hats

Provides a common languageProvides a common language

Experience & intelligence of each person Experience & intelligence of each person (Diversity of thought)(Diversity of thought)

Use more of our brainsUse more of our brains

Helps people work against type, preferenceHelps people work against type, preference

Removal of ego (reduce confrontation)Removal of ego (reduce confrontation)

Save timeSave time

Focus (one thing at a time)Focus (one thing at a time)

Create, evaluate & implement action plansCreate, evaluate & implement action plans


Good Problem-Solvers Have:

A concern for accuracy.

The ability to break a problem into smaller groups.


Poor Problem-Solvers Have:

The inability to recognize & define the problem.

A tendency to dismiss a problem if it appears too complex.


Poor Problem-Solvers Have:

A tendency to jump to conclusions & guess answers without going through steps.

A disbelief that persistent analysis is an effective way to deal with problem-solving.


A Decision Is

A choice made between two or more available alternatives.


Decision-Making is

A problem-solving process used to develop a commitment to some course of action(s).


Certainty

Uncertainty

Risk


1 .Risk

The Decision-Maker has enough information to estimate the probability of outcomes.


2 .Complete Uncertainty

The Decision-Maker has no idea on results of adopted alternatives.


3 .Complete Certainty

The Decision-Maker has all information needed to make the right decision about the problem in hand.


Decision-Making Tools(Probability Tools)

These tools are used in Risk situations in which the Decision- Maker is not completely certain of the outcomes.


Decision Trees

A graphic Decision-Making tools typically used to evaluate decisions containing a series of steps.

Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Copyright © 2005 Prentice Hall,

Inc. All rights reserved .6–47Exhibit 6.2Exhibit 6.2

Criteria and Weights for Franchise Decision

Criterion Weight

Start-up costs 10

Franchisor support 8

Financial qualifications 6

Open geographical locations 4

Franchisor history 3


Assessed Values of Franchise Opportunities Using Decision Criteria

Start-Up Franchise Financial Open FranchisorCosts Support Qualifications Locations History

Franchise

Curves For Women 10 3 10 8 5

Quiznos Sandwiches 8 7 7 8 7

Jani-King 8 5 7 10 10

Jackson-Hewitt Tax Service 8 7 7 8 7

Nutritional Supplements 7 8 7 8 7

Radio Shack 8 3 6 10 8

Chem-Dry Carpet Cleaning 10 7 8 6 7

McDonald’s 4 10 4 8 10


Evaluation of Franchise Alternatives Against Weighted Criteria

Start-Up Franchise Financial Open FranchisorCosts Support Qualifications Locations History Total

10 8 6 4 3

Franchise

Curves For Women 100 24 60 32 15 231

Quiznos Sandwiches 80 56 42 32 21 231

Jani-King 80 40 42 40 30 232

Jackson-Hewitt Tax Service 80 56 42 32 21 231

GNC Vitamins andNutritional Supplements 70 64 42 32 21 229

Radio Shack 80 24 36 40 24 204

Chem-Dry Carpet 100 56 48 24 21 249

McDonald’s 40 80 24 32 30 206

Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit. What is Creativity? The creation of the new and the...

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