Copyright: Dr. O.P. Sobukola BY SOBUKOLA, O.P. (PhD) Department of Food Science & Technology,...

Copyright: Dr. O.P. Sobukola

BY

SOBUKOLA, O.P. (PhD)Department of Food Science & Technology,

University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, [email protected]

SCIENTIFIC WRITING AND PRESENTATION (FST 413)

2010/2011 Session


Semester: FIRSTFormat: 2 Hourly Lectures per week Instructor: Dr. O.P. Sobukola Temporary Office, FST Wing, COLAMRUD Building Tel.:+234-

8035637361

[email protected]: Thursday (10-12pm @ RC

203)

Recommended Text:


Grading of the course

Examination = 60%Oral presentation

= 20%Report writing

= 20%


General Policies and Principles

Examination- CAT will be inform of written and oral presentation while the exam will be theory based;

Grading- The University rules applies in this case;

Attendance- This is compulsory for all the sections of the course. Make up test will not be encouraged by the instructor at all times;


Academic Integrity- Students are expected to set high ethical standards for themselves and others;

Social justice- I will maintain a positive learning environment based upon open communication, mutual respect, and nondiscrimination.

There shall be no discrimination on the basis of race, sex, age, disability, religion, sexual orientation, color or national origin.

Any suggestions as to how to further such a positive and open environment in this class will be appreciated and given serious consideration.


COURSE OUTLINEScientific communication;

Types of written communication- Journals, reviews, conference papers etc;

Types of oral communication- Seminar,

conferences, talks and art of oral presentation;

Modern information technologies;

Scientific illustrations – Figures, tables and plates


What is Scientific writing?

Scientific writing is writing about science

The cornerstone of the philosophy of science is based on the fundamental assumption that original research must be published

-An unwritten law in science


What is a research report?It describes the completed study to other researchers,

professionals, students or global audience;

It communicates information to the selected audience as clearly and accurately as possible about the research project;

Research reports highlights the essence of the study and brings the study to an end;


Hence, scientist must not only do science but must be able to write science;

It is the art of presenting scientific results to fellow researchers or end users;

It is a written scientific document that the researcher produces as a result of a research study or investigation;


Avenues for Communicating

Scientific findings

Research communications

Extension & popularcommunications


Research Communication

Journals;Reviews;

Conference papers

Thesis & Dissertation;

Project proposal;Book chapters

Annual reports;Leaflets;Posters;

Newsletters;Lectures


Extension & popular communication

Extension manuals; newspaper reports; magazine article; radio broadcast;

Films & videos; Audiovisuals shows;Practical demonstration; handbills;

Cartoons; photographs


Research JournalIt is the most important for any academic/scientist;

It provides new and original information from a particular hypothesis;

It is patronized by specialist in that area & others that borrows ideas for other purposes;

Abstract; introduction; materials & methods; results & discussion; conclusion; acknowledgement; references.


Research review/critical review

It is a research report in which the author(s) is an authority;

The information contained therein may not be as a result of the research activity of the authors;

It contains information on the subject matter but on different materials;

It is a compilation of research works from different scientist brought together in a particular field

Introduction; theoretical background; discussions; conclusion; acknowledgement; references


Conference Paper/proceedings

Scientific conference is the gathering of specialist in that field to share ideas together;

A researcher can present the results of his research work to the audience;

The presentations are compiled together in a book/CD called conference proceedings;

It may be one page or extended abstract

Brief abstract, introduction; materials and methods; result & discussion; references


CAT 1

Give ten examples each of the following in your field of study:

JournalsReviews &Conference proceeding


Research Proposal

It is a detailed description of the plan intended to put into operation within a set time frame for achievement of the said objective or hypothesis to be tested in the research work being proposed;

It may be written for approval or for sponsorship;

It represents ideas in written form;

It allows for proper monitoring of the research work;


Research Proposal

Front Matter Main Text Back Matter


Front Matter

Title page

Short Summary

Main text

Introduction (problem statement; justification; short literature review; objectives)

Materials & Methods (equipment; sampling method; experimental design)


Data AnalysisConclusions (practical implication and application of

the research results)Time schedulingCost implication

Back matter

ReferencesAppendices


Thesis and dissertation

This is a report that is written as a result of completion a research result;

It has similar component as a research proposal;

A striking feature is the length of literature review.


Front Matter

• Title page, name of researcher, degree at time of submission, statement affirming the degree to be awarded, address of university and department, year and month of supervision;

• Certification page;• Declaration page;• Dedication page;• Acknowledgement page


Table of contentsList of tablesList of figuresEpilogueAbstract (between 100-500 words) but average of 250

words

Main Text

• Introduction• Literature review• Materials and methods


Results and discussionConclusion and recommendations

Back matter

• References• Appendices (questionnaire, raw data or statistical

analysis)


CAT 2

Write a research proposal in your field of study for submission to your project supervisor.

Your proposal must explicitly depict all the components of a standard research proposal.

Your proposal should also be ready for oral presentation.

Time frame: 2 weeks


Reference styles

There are many ways of writing references but there are preferred ways;

The preferred ways could be divided into three as shown below:


ReferenceStyles

Name-Year system

Number with Alphabetical

listing

Citation-sequence

listing


Name – Year system

For text citation;

Sobukola (2007) or (Sobukola, 2007).

Sobukola and Dairo (2007) or (Sobukola and Dairo, 2007)

Sobukola et al. (2008) or (Sobukola et al., 2008).


Reference listing

Akanbi, C.T., Adeyemi, R.S. & Ojo, A. (2006). Drying characteristics and sorption isotherm of tomato slices. Journal of Food Engineering, 73, 157–163.

Akpinar, E.K., Bicer, Y. & Midilli, A. (2003b). Modeling and experimental study on drying of apple slices in a convective cyclone dryer. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 26, 515–541.

Babajide, J.M., Obadina, A.O., Oyewole, O.B. & Ugbaka, L.N. (2006). Microbial quality of dry yam ‘‘gbodo’’ parboiled with ⁄ without adjuncts. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5, 278–281.

Chou, S., Chiang, B., Chung, Y., Chen, P. & Hsu, C. (2006). Effects of storage temperatures on the anti oxidative activity and composition of yam. Food Chemistry, 98, 618–623.


Senadeera, W., Bhandari, B., Young, G. & Wijesinghe, B. (2000). Physical property changes of fruits and vegetables during hot air drying. In: Drying Technology in Agriculture and Food Sciences (edited by A.S. Mujumdar). Pp. 159–161. Enfield: Science Publishers.

Sobukola, O.P., Dairo, O.U., Sanni, L.O., Odunewu, V.O. & Fafiolu, B.O. (2006). Mathematical modeling of thin layer drying of fever leaves (Ocimum viride) under open sun. In: 2nd National drying symposium (NDS ‘06), Ilorin, Nigeria, 19–21 June.

Togrul, I.T. & Pehlivan, D. (2002). Mathematical modeling of solar drying of apricots in thin layers. Journal of Food Engineering, 55, 209–216.


Numbered with alphabetical listing

The list in the numbered alphabetical system is arranged in the same order;

References are numbered;

The citation in the text is by number in parenthesis


Citation - Sequence

Each citation in the text is given as a number written as superscript in the order it is mentioned;

The reference list is arranged sequentially by number and not alphabetical;


Illustration of scientific result

Bar chart;

Pie chart;

Histogram;

Graphs;

Line graphs


Characteristics of good Illustration

The title must be explicit enough;

The title must be clear and concise;

Must be simple and clear;

Must contain relevant legend;

It must be virtually appealing and not crowded;

It must be well organized


Oral Presentations of Scientific research work

Oral presentation

Poster presentation


Oral presentation

less formal than writinglanguage is conversationalaudience may interact with presenter; ask

questionsslides – provide structure, emphasize

visuals presenter controls pace (not reader) fixed time limit

strive for simplicity – less detail, less information


Principles of Oral presentation

planning – purpose, audience, scope

preparation – assemble material, decide how to present

structure – logical development

visuals – graphs, images, photos

Practical tip: backup your presentation well: DVD, USB


Structure of Oral presentation

Structure provides the basis for logical development

Introduction state purpose provide background

Body develop the topic

Closing state conclusion with conviction suggest what to do next; provide motivation


Power Point slides

Use slide-making software, e.g., Power Point, SliTeX, …

Slides should provide structure for your talk

Keep slides simple, uncluttered

short, punchy lines use phrases, not sentences spelling and English usage should be

correct avoid numerous equations


More on Slides…

Slides should be easy to read

Use images and graphs

Use large font size >18 pts

no more than 10 – 12 lines

graphs should be simple with large lettering and thick lines

► rule of thumb: slide should be legible at arm’s length


Oral presentation: style

Try to be relaxed and comfortable

Write down outline of your talk beforehand

Practice beforehand

Speak clearly and plainly

Do not speak too fast

Allow 1 to 2 minutes per slide

Do not read from the slide word-for-word all the time


Oral Presentation: style

Connect with audience eye contact pick several people to ‘talk to’

Avoid Fidgeting

Dress appropriately for formal presentation (e.g., conference),

look professionalDo not go over your allotted time


Dressing

Casual/trendy

formal

Copyright: Dr. O.P. Sobukola BY SOBUKOLA, O.P. (PhD) Department of Food Science & Technology,...

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