Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2005, Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 22Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Organ Systems of the Body

3Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

• Define and contrast the terms organ and organ system

• List the 11 major organ systems of the body• Identify and locate the major organs of each

major organ system• Briefly describe the major functions of each

major organ system• Identify and discuss the major subdivisions of

the reproductive system

Copyright © 2005, Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 44Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 4Lesson 4.1Chapter 4

Lesson 4.1

5Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ SystemsOrgan Systems

• Organ: A structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues organized in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any tissue alone

• Organ system: A group of organs arranged in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any organ alone

6Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

• Integumentary System Structure—organs

Skin Hair Nails Sense receptors Sweat glands Oil glands

Functions Protection Regulation of body temperature Synthesis of chemicals Sense organ

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

7Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

Integumentary System

8Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

• Skeletal system Structure

Bones Joints

Functions Support Movement (with joints and muscles) Storage of minerals Blood cell formation

9Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

Skeletal System

10Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

• Muscular system Structure

Muscleso Voluntary or striatedo Involuntary or smootho Cardiac

Functions Movement Maintenance of body pressure Production of heat

11Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

Muscular System

12Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

• Nervous system Structure

Brain Spinal cord Nerves Sense organs

Functions Communication between body functions Integration of body functions Control of body functions Recognition of sensory stimuli

13Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

Nervous System

14Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

• Endocrine system Structure

Pituitary gland Pineal gland Hypothalamus Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland

Functions Secretion of special substances called

hormones directly into the blood Same as nervous system—communication,

integration, and control

Thymus gland Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovaries (female) Testes (male)

15Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

Endocrine System

Copyright © 2005, Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1616Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 4Lesson 4.2Chapter 4

Lesson 4.2

17Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

• Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System Structure

Heart Blood vessels

o Arterieso Veinso Capillaries

Functions Transportation Regulation of body temperature Immunity (body defense)

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

18Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cardiovascular(Circulatory) System

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

19Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

• Lymphatic system Structure

Lymph nodes Lymphatic vessels Thymus Spleen

Functions Transportation Immunity (body defense)

20Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

Lymphatic System

21Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

• Respiratory system Structure

Nose Pharynx Larynx

Trachea Bronchi Lungs

Functions Exchange of waste gas (carbon dioxide) for

oxygen in the lungs Area of gas exchange in the lungs called alveoli Filtration of irritants from inspired air Warms and humidifies air Regulation of acid–base balance

22Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

Respiratory System

23Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

• Digestive system Structure

Primary organso Moutho Pharynxo Esophaguso Stomacho Small intestineo Large intestineo Rectumo Anal canal

Accessory organso Teetho Salivary glandso Tongueo Livero Gallbladdero Pancreaso Appendix

24Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

• Digestive system Functions

Mechanical and chemical breakdown (digestion) of food

Absorption of nutrients

25Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

Digestive System

26Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

• Urinary system Structure

Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra

Functions Cleaning or clearing blood of waste products—waste

product excreted from body is called urine Electrolyte balance Water balance Acid–base balance Secretion of a erythropoietin necessary for red blood cell

production

27Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

Urinary System

28Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

• Reproductive System Structure

Maleo Gonad: Testeso Genital ducts: Vas deferens, urethrao Urethra: Carries sperm and serves as

passageway for urineo Accessory gland: Prostateo Supporting structures: Genitalia

(penis and scrotum)

29Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

Male ReproductiveSystem

30Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

• Reproductive system Structure

Femaleo Gonads: Ovarieso Accessory organs: Uterus, uterine (fallopian)

tubes, vaginao Supporting structures: Genitalia (vulva),

mammary glands (breasts) Functions

Survival of genes Production of sex cells (ova) Development and birth of offspring Nourishment of offspring Production of sex hormones

31Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Organ Systems (cont'd.)Organ Systems (cont'd.)

Female ReproductiveSystem