Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Its data sources, components, operational...
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Transcript of Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Its data sources, components, operational...
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
Its data sources, components, operational
flow and institutional arrangement
Part 2
A sustainable GIS
Produced in Collaboration between World Bank Institute and the Development Data Group (DECDG)
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
The components of GIS
Six key components:Hardware Software Data People Method and workflowMaintenance
Analogy – a sustainable and functional GIS can be compared to a vehicle
HardwareThe body of the vehicle – the physical GIS infrastructure
Personal computers, laptops, PDAsPrinters and plottersIT NetworkServer and data storageGPS Units
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
The components of GIS…cont.
SoftwareThe engine of the vehicle
GIS software – proprietary or open sourceChoose the correct software for your long and short term needsPeripheral software – CAD, Image Processing software, GPS data transferral softwareDatabase software – Oracle, SQL server
DataThe fuel for your vehicle – most important componentNeed data of a good quality, accuracy, currencyData should be appropriate to your needsThe most important and expensive commodity a NSO will invest inGarbage in, garbage out principle – quality and relevance of data determines quality and relevance of analysis and data productsCare must be taken with the storage and maintenance of data
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
The components of GIS…cont.People
Someone needs to drive this vehicle – someone with a licenseTrained, skilled and experienced GIS staff necessaryVarious levels and types of skills necessary – determined by what you want to use the GIS forSpecialist GIS knowledge and relevant subject matter knowledge essential
Method and workflowYou need a plan, a route for this vehicle to drive on – where do you want to go and how will you get there? How do you drive this vehicle?Purpose and vision of GIS that culminates in a definitive methodology and operational workflowWith set parameters and standards
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
The components of GIS…cont.
MaintenanceVehicle needs to be serviced and maintained
Hardware and software maintenance and upgradesAnnual line budget for consumable acquisition and continued staff trainingContinued data maintenance and updates
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
Implementation issues and strategies
Now that you know a bit more about GIS and its related geotechnology, you are most likely asking the following questions:
How do I implement GIS in my organization?
What strategy should I follow?
What are the pitfalls I should look out for to ensure that my organization obtains maximum benefit from implementing a GIS and to ensure it is sustainable?”
The following issues will be dealt with:Reality versus expectationsCommon pitfallsGeneric implementation steps
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
GIS is a long term investment with a steep learning curve
Requires initial investment funding and continued financial support
Requires a properly structured and systematic implementation plan which covers:
system acquisition tactics and costs;data requirements and costs;database design;initial data loading requirements and costs;system installation tactics, timetable, and costs;system life cycle and replacement costs;day-to-day operating procedures and costs;staffing requirements and costs;user training and costs; andapplication development and costs.
Reality vs. expectations
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
Cost of establishing a successful GIS operation is substantial – expectations should be realistic and long term maintenance implications must be considered
Must consider how GIS will interact with the organization and where it will be positioned within the organization
A successful and sustainable GIS needs adequate financial and institutional support from the organization
Reality vs. expectations…cont.
Absolute buy-in from principle decision makers and senior management is crucial
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
Several pitfalls exist that most often contribute to the failure of a GIS implementation strategy
Failure to identify and involve all users
Operation, management and policy levels of organization must be involved – buy-in must be ensured
Failure to match GIS capability and needsMake the right hardware and software choices according to you needs and long term financial sustainability
Common pitfalls
Failure to identify total costsGIS hardware and software acquisition cost represents only a fraction of the total cost of implementing a GISMaintenance costs are substantial and include hardware and software maintenance, staffing, system administration, initial data loading, data updating, custom programming, and consulting feesMust ensure annual GIS costs are part of annual budget
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
Lack of a basic implementation plan
Implementation plan critical for sustainable GIS
Failure to consider technology transfer Staff at the three levels should be educated with respect to the role of the GIS in the organizationFormal and on-the job training necessary on continuous basis
Common pitfalls…cont.
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
Creating institutional awareness
GIS needs to be sold within an organization – need to educate key decision maker and management on the potential and use of GIS
Implementing your GIS – Generic steps
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
Identifying system requirementsUser needs analysis which is then translated into functional requirementsUse of experienced GIS consultants to determine findings and recommendations for:
Hardware and software requiredIT requirementsData and database requiredStaff and training (skills sets) requiredMethodology to be implementedInstitutional arrangement (where will the GIS Unit fit into the organizational structure)Logistical considerations
Office spaceFurniture and additional equipmentProcurement procedures
Financial costs and budgetMaintenance and sustainability issues
Implementing your GIS – Generic steps
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
System EvaluationIdentifying required hardware, software and database platform according to user needs and functional requirements
Implementing your GIS – Generic steps…cont.
System acquisition and start upAcquisition of all hardware and softwareArchitectural system setup, installation and implementationGenerate base products quickly – first impressions are long remembered
Operational phaseOn going maintenance, methodological application and development Issues of responsibility, liability and data security is critical
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.
Positioning Geotechnology with your NSO
Financial statisticsNational Government Accounts statisticsProvincial Government Accounts statistics Local Government Accounts statistics Non-financial Local Government statisticsPrivate sector statistics
Employment StatisticsQuarterly employment surveyLabour force survey
Price StatisticsConsumer price index (CPI)Rural consumer price indexProduction price index (PPI)
Vital StatisticsBirth, death, health, marriage & divorce statisticsTourism statisticsMigration statistics
Population StatisticsPopulation CensusCommunity SurveyThematic reports on demographic processes,fertility, health, ageing and mortality Population projections and estimates
Geographic Frame
Industry and Trade StatisticsPrimary sector statistics Agriculture statisticsSecondary sector statistics Tertiary sector statistics Tourism statisticsBusiness services statistics
Business Frame
Social StatisticsGeneral household survey Second economy informationMaster sampleUser paid surveys
National Accounts
Methodology and Standards
SystemSystemof Statisticsof Statistics
Quarterly and annual gross domestic product estimatesBenchmarking gross domestic product estimates
Annual supply & use tablesSatellite accounts
EC
ON
OM
IC G
RO
WT
H
SO
CIA
L D
EV
EL
OP
ME
NT
Position GIS so it becomes a corporate service provider to the entire organization
Your one-stop spatial statistics shop
Draws data from and feeds data into various organizational departments
Source: Statistics South Africa, 2007